Made by: Cuña, Celine Diantha Z.

Lesson 6e: Mammals ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I. True or False: Write T for True and F for False. broad and high-crowned molars.
____1. All mammals have hair.
____12. Mammals skin is generally thicker than in other classes of
____2. Except for aquatic mammals, all animals have hair. vertebrates.

____3. Mammals’ nervous system is the most advanced among all
other animal groups.
____4. Because mammals have a reduced number of ribs, their
spinal column is less flexible and more rigid than others.
____5. All non-mammalian synapsid groups became abundant
when dinosaurs became abundant.
____6. Hair grows continuously in the follicle along with new hairs.
____13. Carnivores have a high protein diet, thus their digestive
tracts must be longer to accommodate the food being
digested.
____14. Carnivores have less leisure time because most of their time
is spent on finding and killing prey.
____15. The smaller the animal, the greater is its metabolic rate and
the more it must eat per unit size.

____7. Ruminant herbivores have a huge 3-chambered stomach. ____16. The amount of food varies in proportion to the body weight
rather than the body surface area.
____8. Mammals are the most highly differentiated group in the
____17. Larger mammals spend much more time hunting and
animal kingdom.
eating food than smaller mammals.
____9. As with all vertebrates, skin is made of epidermis and dermis.
____18. Gestation is longer than in marsupials and is much longer
In mammals, the epidermis becomes much thicker than the
for large mammals.
dermis.
____19. Humans are faster at developing than any other mammal;
____10. Mammals do not continuously replace teeth
this contributes to their uniqueness.
____11. Insectivores have reduced or absent canines but have
____20. Gestation and body size are loosely correlated because
 Made by: Cuña, Celine Diantha Z.
there is variation in maturity at birth. 10. ________________ were the only synapsid group to survive beyond
the Paleozoic. They were the first to have an efficient _______________
II. Identification: Write your answer on the blanks provided below.
with upright limbs beneath the body.
1. ______________ is a critical sign of being a mammal
11. __________________, a small carnivorous group within the
2. Most mammals have a specialized ______________ to feed the
cynodont clade resembled mammals.
embryo.
12. Loss of ______________ _________ in cynodonts is correlated with
3. ______________ ________________ is a factor in 300 species and
the evolution of a ______________ and also may have provided
subspecies being considered endangered.
greater dorso-ventral flexibility of the spinal column.
4. ______________ were the first amniotes to radiate widely into
13. The epidermis thickens to form a __________ _________ along
terrestrial habitats.
which _____________ appear.
5. The earliest mammals of the late Triassic were ___________________
14. _____________ bones provide a high surface area for warming
animals that initially had deciduous teeth and consecutively had
and moistening inspired air and for reducing moisture loss during
permanent teeth.
exhalation.
6. Hair grows continuously by _________ ___________________ of cells in
15. Herbivores use _____________ _________________ chambers so
the follicle.
microorganisms can metabolize cellulose. A side pocket or
7. ______________ were the last therapsids subgroup to evolve and
_________ may also serve as a fermentation chamber and
survive into the Mesozoic.
absorptive area.
8. With the evolution of a new jaw joint between the dentary and
16. The ultimate number of young produced per year also
squamosal bones in mammals, bones of the previous jaw joint, the
depends on the __________________ ________.
______________ and ______________, continued their gradual reduction
17. Hares, rabbits, and some rodents eat ___________ ___________ in
in size and became relocated in the middle ear, where they
order to provide additional fermentation.
became the ______________ and ______________ , respectively.
18. Female mammals usually restrict mating to a fertile period
9. A _____________ ___________ allowed mammals to breathe while
during the periodic estrous cycle. This time of female receptivity is
holding prey or chewing food. This would be important later to
known as _______ or estrous.
mammal evolution by allowing young to breathe while suckling.
19. Some animals lengthen the gestation period by _________________
________________. Here, the blastocyst remains dormant while its
 Made by: Cuña, Celine Diantha Z.
implantation in the uterine wall is postponed to align birth with a 17. __________________________________
favorable season. 18. __________________________________
20. ______________ _____________ is a period of arrest where the
development of the embryo is temporarily suspended.
III. Enumeration: Enumerate what is asked of. IV. Fill the Tables: Fill in the following table with the correct answer.
A. Functions of Hair
1-4. fish reptiles birds mammals
1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________ heterodont/ 1. 2. 3. 4.
homodont
3. __________________________________ teeth/none
4. __________________________________
5. __________________________________
5-12. incisors canines premolars molars
6. __________________________________
7. __________________________________ 1/2/3/4/5 5. 6. 7. 8.

B. 3 Layers of Hair deciduous/ 9. 10. 11. 12.

permanent
8. __________________________________
9. __________________________________
10. __________________________________ 13-14. animals with 1 annual animals with recurrent
breeding season breeding
C. 2 Types of Sweat Glands
11. __________________________________ monoestrous/ 13. 14.
polyestrous
12. __________________________________
D. 2 Types of Species in terms of obtaining food sources
13. __________________________________ 15- monotremes eutherians marsupials
14. __________________________________ oviparous/ 15. 16. 17.
E. 4 Types of Animals according to their diet viviparous/
ovoviviparous
15. __________________________________
16. __________________________________ prolonged 18. 19.
 Made by: Cuña, Celine Diantha Z.
gestation/ ____4. This is an animal condition in which there is partial loss of
lactation pigmentation resulting in white, pale, or patchy coloration. An
example of this condition is white winter fur.

____5. This hair type serves for insulation by trapping a layer of air.

____6. These glands are used to nourish newborn mammals.

V. Matching Type: Choices may be repeated.

A. mammary glands N. dense & soft underhairs ____7. These are tubular and highly coiled glands that can only be

B. integumentary glands O. coarse & long guard hairs found in mammals. They can’t be found in any other vertebrate.

C. sweat glands P. medulla ____8. This layer is composed of imbricated scales

D. scent glands Q. cortex
E. sebaceous glands R. cuticle ____9. These glands serve as a dressing to keep the skin and hair

F. vibrissae S. leukemism pliable and glossy. Most mammals have these glands all over their

G. teeth T. albinism entire body, usually in hair follicles.

H. incisors U. insectivores ____10. The dense protein found in nails, claws, hooves and
I. canines V. herbivores feathers.
J. premolars W. carnivores
K. molars X. omnivores ____11. These are modified apocrine glands that are rudimentary

L. keratin Y. monotremes in males and increase size during maturity in females.

M. melanin Z. marsupials ____12. This layer is in the center of the hair.

____13. Horses, deer, antelope, cattle, sheep and goats are

____1. These are pouched, viviparous mammals.
examples of this type of animal.
____2. This layer is next to the medulla and has pigment granules.
____14. This type of animal has a small digestive tract.
____3. These glands are derived from the epidermis and have the
____15. This hair type provides coloration.
greatest variety in mammals.
 Made by: Cuña, Celine Diantha Z.
____16. These reveal the life habits of a mammal. 1-3. Anapsid, Diapsid and Synapsid

____17. This teeth type is specialized for piercing

____18. This teeth type has compressed crowns with 1 or 2 cusps for
shearing and slicing

____19. This teeth type has sharp edges for snipping and biting

____20. This teeth type has larger bodies and variable cusp
arrangements for crushing and grinding 4-7. Types of Animals according to their diet

____21. This type of animal has a long digestive tract for the
prolonged time needed to digest fiber.

____22. These glands are used to communicate with members of

the same species, mark territories and warn other animals.

____23. These are mammals (such as the duck-billed platypus) that

lay eggs with 1 breeding season per year.

____24. Also called whiskers, these are sensory hairs that provide a
tactile sense to nocturnal mammals.

____25. Shrews, moles, anteaters and bats are examples of this

type of animal.

____26. This type of animal feeds on both plants and animals.

VI. Label the Diagrams: Fill in the blank boxes with the correct labels.