Mañana Habit: The Effects towards the Academic Performance of Grade 11 Students at

Central Mindanao University

by

Nicky Joy D. Cabasag

Angelmae C. Gonzaga
Zyhca A. Menguez
Janryl C. Molleda
Czarina Febbie Dianne B. Quilab

A research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Course of Research in Daily Life (Research 1)

Central Mindanao University

ABM 1A
College of Education

December, 2019
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, praises and thanks to our God, the almighty for his showers of blessings
throughout our research work to complete this research successfully.
The researchers would like to express their deep and sincere gratitude to their research
teacher, Ms. Jennyvi Cañete for giving them the opportunity to do research and providing
invaluable guidance throughout this research. Her dynamism, vision, sincerity and motivation
have deeply inspired them. She has taught them the methodology to carry out the research
and to present the research works as clearly as possible. It was a great privilege and honor to
work and study under her guidance.
Next, the researchers humbly extend their thanks to all the respondents who cooperated and
allowed to give the information that the researchers need, despite of their busyness. Without
their help, they would not have done this.
Lastly, the researchers would also like to thank their dearest parents for understanding and
supporting them during their conduction on this research.

ii
 ABSTRACT
This study aspired to gather information in regards with academic performance of the
students who practiced procrastination. It aimed to examine the negative effects of this habit
and to be able to know the ways on how to avoid it. Strategies were made for data collection.
The method employed in gathering data was face-to-face interview. This study involves the
concept on how procrastination affects students’ academic performance and the ways on how
to avoid this habit. Out of 30 students, 13 students admit that they can’t give out their best in
doing their requirements due to procrastination.

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
Title Page i
Acknowledgement ii
Abstract iii
Table of Contents iv
List of Figures v

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Statement of the problems 1
1.3 Objectives of the Study 2
1.4 Scope and Limitations
2

2 Literature Review 3
2.1 Mañana Habit 3
2.2 Effects 3
` 2.2 Summary 4

3 Methodology 6
3.1 Research Design 6
3.2 Research Locale 6
3.3 Data Gathering Procedure 6

4 Results and Discussion 7

5 Conclusion and Recommendations 9

5.1 Conclusion 9
5.2 Recommendations 9

6 References 10
 7 Appendixes 11
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE PAGE
4.1.1 Factors that Pushes Students to Procrastinate 7
4.1.2 Factors Affecting Students towards their Academic Performance 7
4.1.3 Evaluation of Students’ Academic Performance 8
4.1.4 Ways to Avoid Mañana Habit 8
6.2.1 Documentation 11
6.2.2 Documentation 11
6.2.3 Documentation 11
6.2.4 Documentation 11
6.2.5 Documentation 11
6.2.6 Documentation 11
 v
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
3.3 Background of the study
As efficiency and time management are the keys in academic performance, mañana habit is
one of the problems of the students. The mañana habit synonymous to the Filipino expression
“mamayana” is just another term for the procrastination. The word “mañana” in Spanish
means tomorrow or “specified time in the future” and habit means which signals the act of
delaying an action or basically known as procrastination where people tend to delay certain
tasks on a later date (Pepoa, 2010). Furthermore, mañana habit delays the students’
productivity, waste a lot of time and causes the students to achieve less instead of achieving
higher goal particularly in achieving higher percentage or remarks in terms of academic
performance.
The major purpose of this study is to distinguish why most of the students, especially the
Grade 11 learners of Central Mindanao University engaged in mañana habit and what are its
possible effects towards the students’ performance in academe. Particularly, it aims to
identify the reason why students’ prefer to make their requirements just days before the given
deadline, and determining ways through which students and the teachers addressed this
dilemma.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

This study is all about the effects of mañana habit towards students’ academic performance.
Students’ late submission of requirements has become a factor that affects the learners’
academic performance. The result of this study would contribute information to the students.
The findings will specifically help the students in finding out the effects of mañana habit. It
will also provide information and awareness to the teachers to evaluate the behavioral
experiences of the students.

1.3 Research Questions

1. What are the possible effects of mañana habit towards the students’ academic
performance?
2. Why most of the students engaged in mañana habit?
3. What are the various ways to avoid mañana habit?
 1

1.4 Objectives of the Research

The study aims to:

 Determine the effects of mañana habit towards the students’ performance in

academe;
 Distinguish why most of the students engage in mañana habit; and
 Evaluate different ways to avoid mañana habit.

1.5 Scope and Limitations

This study is focused mainly on mañana habit among the learners of Central Mindanao
University. The respondents of the study were only limited to the Grade 11 students of the
said university.
The main source of the data was a face-to-face interview with the respondents.
 2
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Mañana Habit
Tracing it back to its original, Benignos (2013) said that mañana habit is something that was
learned by the Filipinos from Spaniards who colonized the Philippines years ago. According
to Pepoa (2010), mañana habit is a habit wherein people tend to delay certain tasks on a later
date. Until now, mañana habit is still common among Filipinos and it affects both positive
and negative ways. The mañana habit can be also considered as the “procrastination virus”
which is for him it gives a lot of negative effects to people. Filipinos have been plagued by
mañana habit at one time or another when they heighten how much time they have to
complete a task or lessen how long it takes to complete it which forces them to work under
pressure resulting to half-baked ideas and solutions. This habit shows Filipino culture’s lack
of sense in time which is most true especially to students. This is a social problem because
most Filipinos are under an illusion that they are dealing with important urgent tasks but
realize in the end that they are just wasting their time. This is a Filipino habit and a Filipino
could easily determine procrastinators because almost everyone in the society is
procrastinating (Joaquin, 2014). Procrastination on academic tasks is a common problem
among middle school students and college students. A research conducted by Aguirre (2012)
indicates that there is a high occurrence of procrastination across social classes, especially
among youth and adolescents.

2.2 The Effects of Mañana Habit

Mañana habit encourages the individual to procrastinate that leads to failure of accomplishing
tasks or experience cramming. This problem is mostly seen in students. As a result, students
tend to panic, worry too much, and not able to concentrate, and might get more mistakes than
a good outcome. This habit also often results to a much unorganized way of doing things that
affects the overall work performance of an individual (Evans, 2017). Pepoa (2010) stressed
that this habit has made people become lazier and less efficient in doing tasks. It is also one
of the greatest reasons in becoming less productive and in giving outputs late which prevents
many Filipinos from growing as human beings. It caused many Filipinos to achieve less
instead of achieving higher goals and it caused to miss a lot of opportunities. Procrastination
may lead not only to internal suffering but to significant consequences. Sometimes, these
external consequences come as a shock, if you haven’t even thought about possible
repercussions (Maxwell, 2009). He further stressed that many procrastinator have endured
major setbacks at school and have lost much that is important to them. Under the constant
pressure of grades and other evaluation, a student puts off writing papers and studying for
exams, only to cram for days when time is finally running out. Maxwell (2009) stated that,
school life takes so much of the time and energy. Students spend the greater part of the day in
school, and still carry many requirements when they go home and even on weekends.
Admittedly, there are times that the demands can really be a challenge. In addition, some
people thrive on keeping very busy, loaded with projects and activities, living from one
deadline to the next, they love intense pressure and wouldn’t choose to live any other way.
This procrastination dilemma is a kind of matter that continuously affects the personal
behavioral growth of a person that leads too much pressure.
3
At times, people deliberately choose to procrastinate.They might decide to put something off
because it’s low on their priority list or because they want to think things over before making
a decision or taking action. They use procrastination to give time to reflect, to clarify options
or to focus on what seems most important.
Academic procrastination is procrastination restricted to the tasks and activities related to
and/or relevant for learning and studying. The terms “academic procrastination” and
“students procrastination” are used interchangeably (Klingsieck, 2016). Thus, procrastination
may lead to late submission of requirements which result to low or decreasing of
performance, resulting in a favorable impact on the physical and mental health of individual.
Consequently, refining Steel’s (2007) general definition, they define academic/student
procrastination as “to voluntarily delay an intended course of study-related action despite
expecting to be worse off for the delay.”
Students tend to overestimate how much time they have left to perform tasks, overestimate
how motivated they will be in the future and underestimate how long certain activities will
take to complete. Mistakenly assume that they need to be in the right frame of mind to work
on a project. Most of the people often assume that projects won't take as long to finish as they
really will, which can lead to a false sense of security when they believe that they still have
plenty of time to complete these tasks. The reality is that if they’ll wait until they are in the
right frame of mind to do certain tasks (especially undesirable ones), they will probably find
that the right time simply never comes along and the task never gets completed ().
According to Keeley (2017), most students find that their greatest challenge in adjusting to
college life and to succeeding in the classroom is in managing their time effectively. When
evaluating their schedule, or how they spend their time, they also need to consider their goals
and priorities. If they are finding it difficult to locate the time they need to study, or that there
are conflicts among the various demands on their time, they may need to give greater
consideration to their goals. By using time wisely students might have all the time in the
world, but if they don't use it wisely, it won't help them to meet their goals.

2.2 Summary
Mostly students do mañana habit. As the outcome, the students tend to worry and panic
which might result as bad. Mañana habit is where people tend to delay certain tasks on a later
date (Pepoa, 2010). It is considered as “procrastination virus” because people become lazy
which is one of the negative effects. It also causes Filipino to miss a lot of opportunities.
According to Ramos (2016), school life takes too much time and energy. You spend most of
your time in school and still have requirements in home even weekends. Some people thrive
in keeping busy which leads too much pressure. Some people choose to procrastinate at
times. They use procrastination to reflect and focus on what seems important.
Procrastination might lead to late submission of requirements which makes decreasing of
performance as outcome. Time management problem occurs because of poor planning, delay,
poor organization skills and low need for achievements. The difficulties to accomplish tasks
includes low self-esteem, a person will struggle against his/her own self-belief that will also
lower down his/her standard.

4
The same thing may happen when anxiety occurs, because it may tamper energy to do things
instead of doing tasks. According to Keeley (2017), students should also consider their
priorities and goals on setting their time because most of the students find their greatest
challenge in time management. By using time wisely, students might have all the time in the
world but if they don’t use it wisely, it won’t help them to meet their goals.
 5

CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
In this study the researchers employed a face-to-face interview which served as the main
source of data.

3.2 Research Locale

This study was conducted at Central Mindanao University. It is located at Musuan, Maramag,
Bukidnon. The respondents of this study were the Grade 11 students.

3.3 Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers gathered together to made the questions. The gathering of data was made in
several days. In doing this, the researchers used their vacant time to avoid disruptions of
classes. In total of the respondents, the researchers interviewed a total of 30 Grade 11 student.
The interview was measured approximately 5 minutes each. Lastly, the response of the
respondents was audio recorded. While doing the interview, one of the researchers was taking
a picture for the documentation.
 6
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Purpose
This chapter presents gathered and analyzed data. The results that is analyzed was presented
with figures that were accompanied with discussion about the study on the Performance in
Academe: Mañana Habit of Grade 11 Students in Central Mindanao University.
Figure 4.1.1
Factors that Pushes Students to Procrastinate

13

7
4 4
2
Laziness Habit Rest Too much Otheir
use of priorities
gadgets

The figure 4.1.1 shows the factors that pushes the students to procrastinate. According to
them, they procrastinate due to the following reasons: too much use of gadgets, rest, other
priorities, hobbies, and laziness. The top most common reason of the students is laziness.
Some of the respondents answered that procrastination became their habit. According to
them, gadgets were also one of the factors that pushes them to procrastinate.

Figure 4.1.2
Factors Affecting Students towards their Academic Performance

12
8
4 13 4 4 9
0
t ed ed g
es ss in
ir
b sur rt e m
he es S am
tt pr Cr
u el
iv eo Fe
'tg
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Ca
The above figure shows the factors affecting the students towards their academic
performance. It shows the consequences of procrastination. Most of the respondents said that
because of procrastination they can’t give out their best. They feel pressured, stressed, and
experience cramming for they don’t have enough time for their school works.
7
Figure 4.1.3
Evaluation of Students’ Academic Performance
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
High Average Low

Figure 4.1.3 shows the evaluation of students’ academic performance. There are three categories
namely: high, average, and low. Most of the students responded that their academic performance is
in low level. Some of them said that their performance in academe is in average level. Also, some of
the respondents said that they have high academic performance. This is related to the statement of
Maxwell (2009). He stated that many procrastinators have endured major setbacks at school and
have lost much that is important to them.

Figure 4.1.4
Ways to Evade Mañana Habit
14 13
12 10
10
8 7
6
4 2
2
0

The figure 4.1.4 shows ways of students on how to evade mañana habit. The bar graph
defines the answers that would probably correspond to the question asked. Most of the
respondents answered time management. Some of them said that mañana habit can be evade
through self-discipline. Also, being responsible and focus on the assigned tasks will be a
great help to deplete this habit.

CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion
Low level on the students’ performance in academe experience many behavioral and social
factors. Thus, the result of the study show that engaging into mañana habit results to low
remarks or low grades towards the academic performance of the Grade 11 students. The
students procrastinate due to some behavioral and social factors that cause less efficiency in
doing academic tasks.
5.2 Recommendation
The following recommendations are offered based on the mention findings and conclusions
for whoever it may concern:
The researchers of this particular study would like to recommend that students may avoid
mañana habit. Base on the written conclusion, student experiences many behavioral and
social factors that lead them to obtain a low remark. To address this factor, students could
make an early head start and do their tasks on time, specifically in their school requirements
by drafting some notes. Students should be responsible in dealing with their school works.
Parents may monitor their children to be reminded on their academic tasks. The researchers
suggest that teachers would have to appease in giving such requirements because sometimes
too much school demands leads them to procrastinate. Lastly, the researchers encourage the
future researchers to have further research about mañana habit and how it affects the
students’ performance in academe.
 9

REFERENCES
Aguirre, J. (2012). Retrieved from https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/sunstar-
pampanga/20170116
Benignos, A. (2013, September 12). The Spaniard’s influence on habits to the Filipinos.
Retrieved from https://prezi.com/m/r_px_rursy8p/the-spaniards-influence-on-habits-
to-the-filipinos/
Evans, P. (2017). The mañana habit and its effect. Retrieved from https://steemit. com/

story/@prince-evans/the-mana-habit-and-its-effect
Joaquin, H.F. (2014). Mañana habit is a disease. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/
amp/s/ayajoaquin09.wordpress.com/2014/10/20manana- habit-is-a-disease/amp/
Keeley, M. (2007). Retrieved from http://faculty.bucks.edu/specpop/time-manage.htm
Klingsieck, K. (2016). On the measurement of procrastination: comparing two scales in six
European countries. Retrieved from (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Svartdal
+F.+Pfuhl+G.+Nordby+K.+Foschi+G.+Klingsieck+K.+B.+Rozental+A.++(+2016+).
++On+the+measurement+of+procrastination:
+comparing+two+scales+in+six+European+countries.++7+:+1307+.+
+10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01307++27630595+
Maxwell, J. (2009, April 29). 5 excuses for mañana habits of pinoy. Retrieved from http://
www.thinkphilippines.com/life/5-excuses-for-manana-habits-of-pinoy.html
Mañana habit, a curse? Retrieved from https://graduateway.com/students-academic-
performance/
Pepoa, R. (2010). Mañana Habit-How to get rid of it. Retrieved from
https://ezinearticles.com/?Manana-Habit---How-to-Get-Rid-of-It&id=4521164
Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: a meta-analytic and theoretical review of
quintessential self-regulatory failure. Retrieved from (https://scholar.google.com
/scholar?q=Steel+P.++(+2007+).++The+nature+of+procrastination:+a+meta-
analytic+and+theoretical+review+of+quintessential+self- regulatory+failure
++133++65+%E2%80%93+94+.++10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65++17201571+
 10
APPENDICES
6.1 Interview Questions
1. Do you think that procrastination affects your performance in academe? Why?
2. What is the status of your academic performance?
3. In what way does mañana habit or procrastination affects your capacity in your field
as a student?
4. Why do you procrastinate?
5. Does procrastination benefecial? Why or Why not?
6. What do you think would be the best way to avoid mañana habit or procrastination?

6.2 Documentation

Figure 6.2.1 Figure 6.2.2

Figure 6.2.3 Figure 6.2.4

Figure 6.2.5 Figure 6.2.6