CHAPTER I

Introduction
People describe love in different ways. It is based on their own perception, opinion and also
based on their experiences, but what does love really means? Based on the meaning of love in
the Wikipedia dictionary, Love is a variety of different emotional and mental states, typically
strongly and positively experienced, that ranges from deepest interpersonal and personal
attachment. Love can also be a virtue presenting human kindness, compassion, and affection.
Ancient Greek philosopher identified four forms of love essentially familial love in Greek,
friendly love (Philia) romantic love (Eros) and divine love (agape). Modern authors have
distinguished further varieties of love infatuated love, self-love and courtly love. Love has
additional religious or spiritual meaning. The Christian understanding is that loves comes from
God. The love of man of woman and the unselfish love for others Christian believes that to love
God with all your heart, mind and strength and love your neighbor as your self are the to most
important things in our life.

Helen Fisher, a leading expert in the topic of love, divides the experience of love into three
partly overlapping stages: lust attraction. Lust is the feeling of sexual desire; romantic attraction
determine what partners makes find attractive and pursue, conserving time and energy by
choosing and attachment involved sharing a whole, parental duties mutual depends and in human
involved feeling of safety and security neural circuitries, including neurotransmitter, and three
behavioral pattern, are associated with these three romantic styles. Since the lust and attraction
stages are both considered temporary, a third stages is needed for long term relationship. Recent
studies in neuroscience have indicated that as people fall in love the brain consistently release
ascertain set of chemicals, including neurotransmitter, dopamine norepinephrine serotonin, the
same compounds released by amphetamine, stimulating the brain center and leading to side
effect such increased in heart rate, loss of appetite and sleep, and instance feeling of excitement.

Before, there was a time when proper young man and woman could not speak to each other
unless they had formally introduced. In the Philippines the traditional courtship and dating is
described as “far more” indirect approach compare to westernized culture. Over the year Filipino
dating culture evolved into traditional customs and westernized influences, but some Filipino
keep the traditional conservative way. Other embrace the more liberal practices while some
compare the two. The other example of traditional courtship and dating; the suitor must visit the
girl at home in the evening and talk to her in the living room with her parents watching nearby, if
the suitor wishes to go in a date, the girl will only be allowed with a chaperone. The couple can
walk on the park of some other public places. Serenading of ‘Harana’ is one of the most popular
way of courtship, accompanied by male friends, the suitor will offer a love song in front of the
girl’s house. Writing love letters is a proven to an effective way of stealing the girl’s heart and
courtship may last for years . The girl may play “hard to get” a character referred to as Maria
Clara attitude. But these practices seem silly now as the social rules for dating change from one
generation to the next. Here are some examples of dating and courting nowadays; texting is one
way of modern Filipino courtship communication. With the use of mobile phones and social
media, Filipino allowed to participate with the dating process without the interference from their
parents.. Travelling and going on coffee houses are also gaining popularity nowadays. To
serenade the girl, suitor can hire a professional singer or request a love song from radio station.
Sending a bouquet of flower, chocolates, jewelries and gadgets are popular gift from a suitor to
her lady love. Sending e-cards .and messages on Facebook and Twitter, chatting through
Messenger are the modern ways of showing love and sincerity Modern Filipina may encourage
courtship but he can also initiate the dating process.

As teens grow and develop, the creation of peer relationship, both for friendship and
romance, is a major focus of their personal lives. The pursuit of romantic relationships become
increasingly important as teens mature physically and emotionally. As the 21st century arrived,
teenager are more open to enter into a relationship, even though they are not in the right age. At
that moment, they realize what the real meaning of the love and also what is the feeling of
having a relationship. Dating is just part of having a boyfriend and girlfriend but sometimes,
when people across the line, it may become inappropriate specially to those who sees them in
public places. It cause wide reactions from people around them at this point, Public Display of
Affection or most commonly known as PDA occurs. PDA is a romantic scene we commonly saw
from people which have a boyfriend or girlfriend. Examples of PDA are hugging, kissing,
holding hands, and etc. Nowadays, people find PDA as a normal or just a sweet gesture for their
boyfriend/girlfriend. For some country in the world like USA, PDA isn’t big deal at all, for them
it’s just a normal doing of those people who enter in a relationship. For them if didn’t do it they
are weak. France also country where PDA is just a sweet gesture of the people who have a
boyfriend with girlfriend .But here in the Philippines it is avoided and strictly prohibited.
Especially in schools in this country mostly in secondary levels where PDA has a big possibility
to occur with .Most of the students can avoid this kind of activities that’s why most of the school
here in the province in Marinduque have these kind of students who are involve in this activity
in the town of Torrijos we can find the only one catholic and private, the Our Mother of
Perpetual Succor Academy with the average of seven hundred plus students both junior high
school and senior high school.

On OMPSA Public display of Affection between students are prohibited act banned
outright .The general reason behind is that school campus is not an appropriate place for PDA
between couples and that students attention needs to be focused on school work. And also the
OMPSA is known as Catholic School which teaches the good attitudes and characteristic of the
students inside or outside of the school. As a teenager they cannot avoid it. And here are the
possible reason behind this: to enhance their image or status, they were capable of making out
with a particular person. Others wanted to broadcast their love to the world, someone doing it for
the trill of breaking a rules and the few didn’t really care where they were, they just wanted to
make out and happened to be out open. Because of these, PDA are believed to be distracting to
students. Hugging in particular also interferes with the flow of students through hallways, over
on the bathrooms, comfort room, at the study hall, canteen and different parts of the school.
Parents and school administrator worry that public display of affection could lead to sexual
activity in school. And sometimes lead to aggressive early pregnancy of woman. And also the
reason of many students stop to continue to study.. There’s a lot of possible thing that will
happen when a student engaged in this kind of activity.

The researcher will find out the effects of committing Public Display of Affection of
OMPSANIANS students to the institution.
 “EFFECTS OF
COMMITTING PDA
OF OMPSANIAN
STUDENTS TO THE
INSTITUTION”
Statement of the Problem
Topic: Public Display of Affection

General:

To determine the effects of committing Public Display of Affection of OMPSANIANS students

to the institution.

Specific:

1. What are the different PDA acts committed by OMPSANIANS students?

2. What do the teachers or school administration think or say when they saw student inside
the campus committing PDA?
3. How was the image of the school to the people outside when they saw OMPSANIAN
students doing PDA?

Significance of the problem

The finding of this research will surely significant to all concerned ij this kind of activity.

Hence, the importance of study is in three folds;

For the school administration

1. The result of this study will serve as an eye-opener for the school authorities to give
more emphasis on the students committing PDA.
2. It will help the teachers to lessen their worries.
3. They will know how to handle this kind of issue.

For the parents

 1. The result of this study will serve us a reminder to the parent that they must guide
and advice their children.
2. They will be reminded that they must teach their children and remind them to focus
on their study first.
3. It will help the parents to lessen their worries .

For the students

1. The students will become aware of the effects of their acts to the institution.
2. It will help the students committing PDA to control their feelings inside the campus
and to be aware of their limitations.
3. The other students will be peacefully minded and they can focus in their study.

Scope and Delimitation

This study is limited only to determine the effects of committing Public Display of Affection
of OMPSANIANS students to the institution.

Besides, it armed to find out the result of the effects and the possible ways to minimize the
kind of this issue that is facing by the OMPSANIANS at the present.

.
 Group 2

Almira Fe Ramiro
Angelica Gutual
Lea Claire Dela Austria
Jamaica Perreras
Jasmin Recana
Arjay Cagape
Mark Neil Valdepena
Sheena Joice Velena
Jayson Peñaflor
Romantic Relationships among Immigrant Adolescents†

Authors

Rosalind Berkowitz King,

Kathleen Mullan Harris

First published:5 June 2007

We examine the importance of the family and friendship group as two crucial developmental
contexts for adolescent relationship experiences. We focus particularly on immigrant adolescents
who make up an increasing proportion of the youth population and who come from cultural
contexts with stronger family traditions than native-born adolescents. Using data from the
National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we model the characteristics associated with
having romantic relationships and participating in sex-related activities within relationships for
immigrant adolescents, children of immigrants and adolescents in native-born families. First
generation adolescents are less likely to enter romantic relationships than adolescents in native-
born families, but those who do participate engage in similar sex-related activities as native-born
youth. .

This evidence suggests that immigrant youth who enter romantic relationships are selective of
the more assimilated to native adolescent norms of heterosexual behavior. The peer group is
especially important for immigrant adolescents because it provides opportunities for romantic
relationship involvement.

Race/Ethnic Differences in the Marital Expectations of Adolescents: The Role of Romantic

Relationships

Authors

Sarah R. Crissey

First published:7 July 2005

I use a sample of 12,973 adolescents in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health
(Add Health) to examine race/ethnic differences in perception of the likelihood of marriage in
adulthood and the role of heterosexual romantic relationship experience in explaining this
difference. Compared to adolescents from other race/ethnic backgrounds, White adolescents are
more likely to date and are especially more likely than Black adolescents to participate in serious
romantic relationships that increase marital expectations.

Although the type of current or recent relationship is associated with marital expectations, they
do not explain the observed race/ethnic gap in these expectations. Overall, the results suggest
that these adolescent romantic experiences likely play only a small role in determining
differential marital expectations.