Tread

MICHELIN Protection plies

Radial belts

EARTHMOVER DAMAGE
Sidewall
Casing plies

IDENTIFICATION Bead wire

Casing turn-up

Bead Inner liner

TREAD INTERIOR OF TYRE

LEADING TRAILING
EDGE EDGE

RADIAL
SPLIT CORDS

SIDEWALL

INTERNAL RUBBER

DIRECTION OF TRAVEL

Splits in rubber at the bottom of tread
OBSERVATION grooves (between lugs), with or without
OBSERVATION
torn rubber.
Torsional stress of the tread blocks by
PROBABLE
high torque/traction. Exaggerated by
CAUSE(S)
hammering. Misapplication of the tyre.
Chunking of tread blocks. Exposure of
EVOLUTION
crown plies.
Keep running, consider removal
RECOMMENDED
once splits reach the structural plies, RECOMMENDED
ACTION
otherwise scrap.
Determine if traction is required, if not
PREVENTION re-evaluate application/tread selection.
Review operator practices.
Wear increasing from one shoulder to
OBSERVATION
the other, but the tread blocks have no
trailing edges transverse to the direction
of travel.
The wheel is inclined in relation the
PROBABLE
vertical (pos or neg camber). Conical
CAUSE(S)
wear on large sizes due to tight turns.
Crown plies exposed, loss of potential
EVOLUTION
service life.
RECOMMENDED
Rotate to a position where the forms of
ACTION wear are less severe.
Review rotation policy and check vehicle
PREVENTION
geometry.
Heel and toe wear
(wear on trailing edges of blocks).
Slow wear, hard roads, large slip angle,
PROBABLE or rapid wear, hard road, high braking,
CAUSE(S) incorrect dual matching or downhill
laden operating.
Continuous irregular wear, increase in
EVOLUTION
vibrations and operator discomfort.
Rotate tyres, as soon as the effect
ACTION becomes visible.
Switch tread direction around before
wear is too pronounced. Review the
PREVENTION
choice of tread pattern and/or tyre
specification.
Multiple tears in the rubber on the tread, Radial split in the rubber of the casing
OBSERVATION
giving a scaly, flaky appearance. OBSERVATION ply, at the sidewall or shoulder, leading
to external deformation on the sidewall.
Rubber compound not suited to the
surface and conditions of use. PROBABLE
PROBABLE Impact.
More frequent when running small CAUSE(S)
CAUSE(S)
aggregate. Can also be accentuated by
over-inflation and high speeds. EVOLUTION Infiltration or rapid deflation.
Rapid wear including tearing of the tread RECOMMENDED To be repaired in accordance with
EVOLUTION
rubber exposing the crown plies. ACTION recommendations.
RECOMMENDED Leave running until tread is worn or Identify areas where impacts occur and
ACTION crown plies are exposed. PREVENTION work to clear spillages and improve
conditions.
Review tyre compounds, vehicle speeds,
PREVENTION pressures and road surface conditions
(size of aggregate).

SIDEWALL CROWN

Perforation or cut extending through the Isolated sidewall damage not extending Rupture of the casing ply at the level Separation as a result of air infiltration, Massive rupture of belt package and
OBSERVATION OBSERVATION to the interior, but may be affecting the OBSERVATION OBSERVATION
sidewall. of the bead wire. OBSERVATION in the sidewall or bead zones or in casing.
casing ply or its turn-up. between casing plies in tubeless tyres.
PROBABLE Accidental cut or perforation, contact Excessive bead erosion reaching High pressure, high speed, lack of haul
PROBABLE PROBABLE PROBABLE
CAUSE(S) with rock ejectors. Accidental sidewall cut, shock or impact. the casing ply, caused by load capacity Perforation of inner liner. Damage by road maintenance – spillage, rocks on
CAUSE(S) CAUSE(S) PROBABLE CAUSE(S)
exceeded/underinflation. tyre lever or similar when handling or roads. Impact damage.
CAUSE(S)
EVOLUTION Run flat with or without sudden air loss. EVOLUTION Splitting open radially or rupture. fitting. Repair in poor condition.
EVOLUTION N/A EVOLUTION N/A
If the damage is within the Repair, depending on the tyre’s residual First stage sidewall bulge, followed by
RECOMMENDED RECOMMENDED EVOLUTION
recommended limits, submit for repair value, ensuring the damage is within the RECOMMENDED split at the end of the turn up. RECOMMENDED
ACTION ACTION Scrap. Scrap.
(depending on the tyre’s residual value). recommended repair limits. ACTION ACTION
RECOMMENDED
Review the inflation pressure if Scrap.
Review the inflation pressure if Lubricate when fitting, make sure tyre is ACTION Review the inflation pressure if
PREVENTION perforations are frequent. Improve PREVENTION perforations are frequent. Improve centred on the rim, inflate to 20% above PREVENTION perforations are frequent. Improve
conditions in the working environment. conditions in the working environment. PREVENTION recommended inflation pressure then Identify the cause, to prevent the failure conditions in the working environment.
decrease to correct pressure. Review PREVENTION recurring on other tyres. Verify handling
Inflation pressures. and fitting practices.

BEAD

Bulges in the guide rib zone (soft to the
OBSERVATION
touch, large).
Excessive stress in the bead zone.
PROBABLE
Nominal load exceeded, under inflation.
CAUSE(S)
Flanges in poor condition.
Bulges will continue to grow; once open
EVOLUTION
360 degrees, the tyre could rupture.
Remove the tyre from the rim. Ensure
there is no adjacent bulge internally.
RECOMMENDED Replace worn or distorted wheel
ACTION components. Where possible, increase
pressure recommendation to decrease
deflection.
Check service conditions. If possible,
PREVENTION weigh the machine by axle to determine
optimum pressures.
Imprinted knurling from the wheel/ OBSERVATION Oblique splits in the bead support zone. Circumferential split at the base of the Tyre indexing or moving in relation to
OBSERVATION OBSERVATION
OBSERVATION taper locking ring onto the bead support bead. the wheel.
zone and not on the base of the bead. Over deflection, tyre’s nominal load
PROBABLE
capacity exceeded, under-inflation. High High torque, Tyres maximum load Under-inflation or tyre load exceeded.
CAUSE(S) PROBABLE PROBABLE
PROBABLE Insufficient lubrication, incorrect centring torque. exceeded, Indexing on rim, aggravated Good grip & high torque. Excessive
CAUSE(S) CAUSE(S)
CAUSE(S) of the tyre when fitting. by high rim temperature. fitting lubricant. Rim not to manuf spec.
Splits may grow up to the turn-up or
EVOLUTION
End of turn-up may eventually open due bead reinforcing ply. EVOLUTION Rupture of the casing ply or bead wire. Wear of the bead sole leading to air
EVOLUTION EVOLUTION
to air infiltration. leakage.
Leave running. Monitor the development RECOMMENDED
RECOMMENDED Scrap.
RECOMMENDED Leave running if the plies are not of these splits; if the plies become ACTION RECOMMENDED Refit after cleaning the beads of the
ACTION
ACTION affected. visible, remove from service. ACTION tyre. Scrap if plies visible.
If possible, weigh the machine to
Verify the seating according to the fitting If possible, weigh the machine to determine optimum tyre pressures. Use minimal approved lube only when
line on the tyre, condition of the fitting determine optimum tyre pressures. Do Verify the presence of locking keys fitting. Inflate to operating
PREVENTION PREVENTION PREVENTION
and handling equipment and the method not exceed the economic nominal tyre on the rim. Check rim condition and PREVENTION pressure +20% before inflating to the
used. load. Consider wider flanges. specification. Ensure rim is in suitable rec pressure. Verify pressure
condition. rec. Check rim condition and specification

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