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Tires worn down past their safety margins and into the casing run the very
real risk of rupturing. Also, certain combinations of cross ply and radial
tires on different wheels of the same vehicle can lead to vehicle instability,
and may also be illegal. Vehicle and tire manufacturers provide owner’s
manuals with instructions on how to check and maintain tires.
SIZE 14.00R 20 12.00R 20
PRESSURE 20 18 18 16
PATTERN CODE HP 10/ HP 11 HP 10/ HP 11 HP 10 HP 10
RIM 10.0.20 10.0.20 8.5.20 8.5.20
DIMENSION OUT 1232 1232 1122 1122
DIAMETER
The use of scrap tire chips for landscaping has become controversial, due
to the leaching of metals and other contaminants from the tire pieces. Zinc
is concentrated (up to 2% by weight) to levels high enough to be highly
toxic to aquatic life and plants. Of particular concern is evidence that some
of the compounds that leach from tires into water, contain hormone
disruptors and cause liver lesions.
Flexible sidewalls, Reduced fuel consumption due to less rolling
resistance. A softer ride because of the layout of the tire's plies and because
of the flex of the sidewalls, assuring more stable contact with the road
service and a softer ride. Less vibration, Extended tire life due to less heat
generated by the tire.
Poor transport handling, since low lateral stiffness causes the tire sway to
increase as the speed of the vehicle increases. Increased vulnerability to
abuse when overloaded or under-inflated. The sidewall tends to bulge
which could cause damage and puncture. A ply layout that causes the radial
tire to follow a wheel track more consistently than a bias ply tire. The
radial tire is more expensive than a bias ply tire which may be considered
as a disadvantage.
Jump up^ See spelling differences
Jump up^ http://www.etymonline.com
Jump up^ Peters, Pam (2004). The Cambridge Guide to English Usage. Cambridge University Press. p. 553. ISBN 978-
0-521-62181-6.
Jump up^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 26. Encyclopædia Britannica. p. 1007.
Jump up^ Fowler, H. W.; David Crystal (ed.) (2009). A Dictionary of Modern English Usage: The Classic First Edition.
Oxford University Press. p. 655. ISBN 978-0-19-953534-7. Retrieved 2010-10-23.
Jump up^ Bertman, Stephen (2005). p.35 Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. Oxford University Press.
Retrieved 2 August 2014.
Jump up^ Sir Arthur Du Cros, Bt, Wheels of Fortune, a salute to pioneers, Chapman & Hall, London 1938
Jump up^ Dunlop, John Boyd (2008). Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography. AccessScience. Retrieved 9
July 2009.
^ Jump up to:a b Werner Obrecht, Jean-Pierre Lambert, Michael Happ, Christiane Oppenheimer-Stix, John Dunn and Ralf
Krüger "Rubber, 4. Emulsion Rubbers" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2012, Wiley-VCH,
Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.o23_o01
Jump up^ Samuel K. Clark, V. E. Gough (1981). Mechanics of Pneumatic Tires. U.S. Department of Transportation.
p. 245. Consider two mechanisms of force transmission acting in parallel.
^ Jump up to:a b Samuel K. Clark, V. E. Gough (1981). Mechanics of Pneumatic Tires. U.S. Department of
Transportation. p. 246. The only possible way in which the reaction can develop at the rim is by the changes in
magnitude and direction of the membrane stresses at their points of attachment to the rim, in the region of the membrane
near the point where the plate is pressed against it.
Jump up^ Samuel K. Clark, V. E. Gough (1981). Mechanics of Pneumatic Tires. U.S. Department of Transportation.
p. 246. This force pulls the bead coil against the base of the wheel rim above the contact area, thus transmitting the
upward force to the wheel.