Lecture 07.

Food and
Hunger
Intended Learning Outcomes
After the completion of the chapter, students will be able
to:

1. discuss world food and nutrition;

2. identify the key food sources;
3. enumerate food production policies; and
4. describe green revolution and genetic engineering.
 Topics to be discussed:

A. World Food and Nutrition

B. Key Food Sources
C. Food Production Policies
D. Green Revolution and Genetic Engineering
D. Green Revolution and
Genetic Engineering
Green Revolution
• The Green Revolution was a period when the productivity of global
agriculture increased drastically as a result of new advances.
• During this time period, new chemical fertilizers and pesticides were
created.
• The chemical fertilizers made it possible to supply crops with extra
nutrients and, therefore, increase yield.
• The newly developed pesticides controlled weeds, deterred or kill
insects, and prevented diseases, which also resulted in higher
productivity.
What was the Green Revolution?
• Termed coined by U.S. Agency for International
Development director William Gaud (March 1968)
• Movement to increase yields by using:
üHybrid seeds
üIrrigation
üFertilizers
üPesticides
ümechanization
What was the Green Revolution?

• A planned international effort funded by:

üRockefeller Foundation
üFord Foundation
üMany developing country governments
• An attempt by agricultural scientists to eliminate hunger by
improving crop performance
 When did it begin?
• Began in 1943 with funding from the
Rockefeller Foundation to support a group
of U.S. agricultural scientists
• Norman Borlaug considered father of the
Green Revolution
• U.S. plant pathologist/breeder
• Joined Rockefeller Foundation in 1944
• Assigned to the international maize and
wheat improvement center (CIMMYT) in
Mexico
• Won the Nobel in 1970
Impact of the Green Revolution
Advantages
• Agricultural production now
outpaces population growth
• Use of fertilizers has
increased food productivity
in many countries
Disadvantages
• Poor countries cannot
always afford the machinery,
seeds, and fertilizers
• Farmers in poor countries
cannot afford fertilizers
leading to inequalities
between rich and poor;
fertilizers lead to ground
water pollution
Impact of the Green Revolution
Disadvantages
Advantages
• New irrigation processes • Irrigation has led to serious
ground water depletion,
have greatly increased crop
negatively impacting water
yields
supplies for urban
• Higher productivity is population
primarily responsible for
reducing dependency on
• Green Revolution
technology has not made
imports in Asia, including
significant impact in Sub-
China and India
Saharan Africa
 Impact of the Green Revolution
Disadvantages
Advantages • Has decreased the need for
human labor, resulting in
• Use of machinery to unemployment in some
increase productivity places
• Green revolution • Tended to exclude women
technology and training who play important role in
have focused on men food production
• Green revolution seeds
may produce crops that are
less nutritious
Impact of the Green Revolution

• Decreased the production of biomass

fuels- wood, crop residues, and dung
• Emphasis on monocultures has made
agricultural crops more vulnerable to
disease and pests
Biotechnology:
Using organisms to…
• Make or modify products
• Improve plants or animals
• Develop new microorganisms
• Crossing naturally divides between species
§ Not just crossbreeding
Genetic Engineering
Genetically Modified Organisms
(GMO)

Consumer concerns
began in Europe,
now in U.S. too
“FRANKENFOODS”
Bovine Growth Hormone
• Recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH) is a synthetic
(man-made) hormone that is marketed to dairy farmers to
increase milk production in cows.
• It has been used in the United States since it was approved
by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1993, but its
use is not permitted in the European Union, Canada, and
some other countries.
 Outcomes-Based Assessment
• Make a critique paper on the topic “Adaptation Barriers and
Strategies Towards Climate Change: Challenges in the
Agricultural Sector”.
• Follow this format: Paper Size: A4; Font style: Arial; Font Size:
11; Spacing: 1.5; Alignment: Justify
• Submit your paper on or before June 1, 2021 with this format
A07_Surname, First Name (Ex. A07_Dela Cruz, Juan) in this link
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1pgxAwxmVNL1ccy84V
Wv3fl1qqiaeYs9x?usp=sharing