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"When a man strikes his slave with a rod so hard that the slave dies under his
hand, he shall be punished. If, however, the slave survives for a day or two,
he is not to be punished, since the slave is his own property." (Exodus 21:20-
21)
We find further examples of prejudice in Deuteronomy. In the Bible, it is
stated
that "No one whose testicles have been crushed or whose penis has been cut
off may be admitted into
God
Since the time of Epicurus to the present, many people have had certain
beliefs in
myths and in the Gods. Epicurus presents his philosophy pertaining to these
convictions. In his reasoning, he derives a definition of mythology and of the
Gods
contradicting to much of popular thought.
Many people depend on mythology when they need an explanation for a
phenomenon. Epicurus rationalizes that mythology is unchangeable and
dogmatic, for
�when one accepts one theory and rejects another which is equally
consistent with the
phenomenon in question, it is clear that one has thereby blundered out of any
sort of
proper physics and falled into mythology� (3.87; pg. 20). Epicurus believes
that the
cyclical periods of the heavenly bodies cause much of the unexplained
meteorological
phenomena. Nevertheless, further knowledge of a natural phenomenon will
not alter
the minds of those who believe in mythology because they already have an
answer to
their curiosity. They base their beliefs on theories which have no true or
logical facts.
These people are those who possess an �inappropriate and lunatic
behavior� (3.113;
pg. 27).
Mythology leads to a necessity for Gods. People look to the Gods as a
justification for a phenomenon. For example, if we were to be confused by
what
thunder is and what brings about thunder, we would conceive a God to
explain the
appearance of thunder. With the rising amount of too many unexplainable
occurrences, people needed to derive more than one God to expand the
responsibilities
among each God.
Epicurus does not disagree with the concept of a God; he concludes that they
exist. His conformation lies in what he calls a prolepsis, which is the basic
grasp of a
notion of the Gods. This basic knowledge is not one which is taught, but is
rather an
innate sense in the minds of all people. Every race and culture has a God and
this God
was formed without any conventions, dictations or laws. Epicurus� logic is
that �what
all men agree about must necessarily be true� (16.44; pg. 51). Since the
concurrence
of all men believe in Gods, there must really be a God.
Epicurus� rationale gives God the form of a human being. The same
prolepsis
that accounts for the occurrence of Gods also justifies that Gods are blessed
and
indestructible. God is to have the form of one which is blessed and eternal
and so it
should have the most admirable or beautiful form of existence. Throughout all
of
creation, humans have the best extremities, arrangement of features, shape
and
altogether appearance. The �human shape is superior to the form of all living
things,
and a god is a living thing, then certainly he has the shape which is most
beautiful of
all� (16.48; pg. 52); this shape being the shape of humankind. Therefore,
God should
take on the appearance of a human being.
The popular belief in Gods are �that they have wishes and undertake actions
and
exert causality in a manner inconsistent with those attributes� (2.80; pg. 18).
We
possess a fear of the Gods because they are able to affect how we live, how
we die and
what happens after we die. This fear is concurrent with our belief of fate, or
heimarmene, and �that whatever happens has flowed from an eternal set of
truths and a
continuous chain of causes.� (16.55; pg. 54) The Gods know of everything
that we do
and so we must fear them in fear of the consequences that might occur. A
God
becomes an �eternal master whom we are to fear by day and by night; for
who would
not fear an inquisitive and busy god who foresees everything, and supposes
that
everything is his own business?� (16.54; pg. 54) The ideas and logical
reasoning of
Epicurus contradicts these beliefs.
Epicurus believes that the Gods are not concerned with human affairs; �for if
a
blessed and indestructible animal, overflowing with good things and free of
any share
of what is bad, is completely preoccupied with the continuance of his own
happiness
and indestructibility and so is not concerned with human affairs.� (108; pg.
97) The
Gods have no responsibilities concerning people or any meteorological
phenomena for
they would cause �troubles