Waste Management Non Municipal Solid Waste

Waste  any non-liquid waste that is created due to

the production of a product.
 Any substances which is discarded after  a large category of waste that is often
primary use, or it is worthless, defective, and divided into three types:
of no use.  mining waste
 These items are basically unusable or  agricultural waste
unwanted materials.  industrial waste

Waste Generation Sources of waste

 Waste generation is closely linked to 1. Domestic Waste

population, urbanization, and affluence. 2. Industrial Waste
 In most developed, and developing countries 3. Biomedical Waste
with increasing population , prosperity and 4. Agricultural Waste
urbanization, it remains a major challenge 5. Animal Waste
for municipalities to collect, recycle, treat, 6. Mining Waste
and dispose of increasing quantities of solid 7. Nuclear Waste
waste and wastewater.
Classification of Waste
Causes of Waste Generation
(Based on Properties)
 It is produced as a by-product of production
process, or arise from domestic and  Biodegradable
industrial sector when object or materials are  Waste that can be degraded
discarded after use.  Non-biodegradable
 The natural environment is the recipient of  Waste that can’t be degraded
these materials (Effect on Environment)
Solid Waste  Hazardous
 general term use to describe the objects or  Substances unsafe to use
particles that accumulate at the location commercially, industrially,
where they are produced agriculturally, or economically
 Municipal Solid Waste  substances that have hazardous
 Non-municipal solid waste characteristics such as: flammable,
corrosive, reactive, toxic,
Municipal Solid Waste radioactive, poisonous, carcinogenic,
or infectious.
 Waste collected by municipalities or other  4 hazardous characteristics:
local authorities. o Ignitability
 Typically, MSW includes: o Corrosivity
 Household waste o Reactivity
 Garden waste o Toxicity
 Commercial waste/ institutional
waste
  Non-Hazardous Types of Waste Management
 Substances safe to use commercially,
industrially, agriculturally, or  REUSING
economically - Involves cleaning and using
materials over and over, and thus
Waste Management System increasing the typical life span of a
product.
 the strategy an organization uses to dispose,  Use of durable towels, table
reduce, reuse, and prevent waste. cloths, napkins, dishes,
How should we deal with waste? dishes, and cups.
 Reuse furniture and office
1. Waste management supplies.
2. Waste reduction  RECYCLING
3. Integrated waste management - process of converting waste
materials into new materials and
Waste Management
objects.
 reduce their environmental harm without o Primary or Closed Loop
reducing the amount of waste produced  Materials such as
burying or shipping waste to another aluminum cans are
location. recycled into new
products of the same
Waste Reduction type.
o Secondary
 Produce less waste by implementing formal
 Waste materials are
policy
converted into
o Improve product design to use less
different products.
materials
 For example, we can
o Redesign packaging to eliminate
shred used tires and
excess material
turn them into
Integrated Waste Management rubberized road-
surfacing material
 a variety of coordinated strategies for both
waste disposal and waste reduction. Waste Disposal Methods
 greater emphasis on waste prevention and
 Reusing
reduction rather than waste disposal.
 Recycling
 Combustion
 Dumping

Landfills

 Most traditional method of waste disposal

 Disposed waste is compacted and covered
with soil
 Generally used for domestic waste
  2 types:
 Sanitary landfills
 Solid wastes are spread out in
thin layers, compacted and
covered daily with a fresh
layer of clay or plastic foam.
 Open Dump
 Essentially a field or large pit
 poorly designed and poorly
regulated landfills
Incineration
 Waste treatment process that involves
combustion of waste at 1000c
 Ash formed due to inorganic materials, and
gases due to organic materials
 Heat generated can be used to generate
electric power
 Republic Act 9003
- Also known as Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act of the
Philippines
- Open burning of garbage is
prohibited to ensure the elimination
of toxic emissions in the atmosphere.
This ensures the protection of public
health and the environment using
environmental
 Republic Act 8749
- Also known as Clean Air Act was
mandated in the Philippines
- Made the country the first in the
world to legally ban waste
incineration.
Mulch & Compost
 Composts
- rich in nutrients
- usually come from organic material
that undergoes the process of
decomposition.
 Mulch
- a layer of material applied to the
surface of soil.
- It serves as a protective cover of the
soil.
Vermicomposting
 the process of using worms for the
degradation of organic matter into nutrient-
rich manure.
Grassroots Action
 In the US, individuals have organized
grassroots (bottoms-up) citizen movements
to prevent the construction of hundreds of
incinerators, landfills, treatment plants for
hazardous and radioactive wastes and
polluting chemical plants in or near their
communities.
International Treaties
 Basel Convention (1992)
- Bans participating countries from
shipping hazardous waste to or
through other countries without their
permission.
 2010
- signed by 175 countries and formally
approved and implemented by 172
countries
 Stockholm Convention on Persistent
Organic Pollutants (POPs)
- Delegates from 122 countries
- Regulates the use of 12 widely
persistent organic pollutants that can
accumulate in the fatty tissue of
humans and other animals that
occupy high trophic levels in food
webs.
- POPs can also be transported to long
distances by wind and water.
Waste Management Hierarchy

 is used in order to execute waste

management in homes, schools,
communities, and industries
 It involves disposal, recovery, recycling,
reuse, minimization, and prevention.