Inglés: Cuadernillo de Refuerzo

CUADERNILLO DE REFUERZO DE INGLÉS: 2º BACHILLERATO DEPARTAMENTO DE INGLÉS DEL IES SAN FERNANDO, BADAJOZ
CUADERNILLO DE REFUERZO
CONTENIDOS
DE
2º BACHILLERATO
INGLÉS
BASADO EN EL MÉTODO
“TRENDS 2”
EDITORIAL BURLINGTON
NOMBRE DEL ALUMNO/A:______________________________________________

CURSO ACTUAL: ______________________________________________________
PROFESOR EN 2º BTO: _________________________________________________
PROFESOR ACTUAL: ___________________________________________________
1
2º BACHILLERATO
READING PRACTICE
UNIT 1
Read the text and answer the questions that follow.
Catalytic Clothing
I Ethical fashion – using both natural and recyclable materials to make clothes which don’t harm the
environment – is now well-known among ecologically minded individuals. But what if you could go
one step further and create items that actually enhance air quality? This dream may soon become
a reality with Catalytic Clothing, which is made from specially treated fabric that reduces air
pollution caused primarily by cars and industry.
II Basically, any fabric can be coated with a substance containing a “photo-catalyst”. This means that
when the fabric is exposed to light – either the sun or indoor fluorescent lighting – it experiences a
chemical change. Eventually, the altered fabric breaks down pollutants in the air into components
that aren’t harmful.
III Coating fabric with Catclo, a substance containing the photo-catalyst, can be achieved in two
ways. Added as the clothing is manufactured, it provides a permanent coating. It can also be
introduced in an ordinary home washing machine like ordinary fabric softener, lasting for 10-20
launderings.
IV Some critics worry about potential damage to the clothes, their wearers and the environment.
Although Catclo could in theory damage clothing, all experiments to date have shown that in
practice it causes no harm to clothes or to the people who wear them. And while it’s true that when
the pollutants broken down by the catalyst are washed off and enter the water supply, they present
no greater problems than those already caused by today’s washing process.
V Other critics dislike the idea of wearing clothes designed by scientists. Whereas Catalytic Clothing
has been developed by chemistry professor Tony Ryan, his business partner, Professor Helen
Storey, is an artist and clothing designer. Their Catalytic Clothing isn’t commercially available yet,
but sample jeans have already been created.
VI So, if both fashionable clothing and a clean environment are important to you, check out the video
featuring British model Erin O’Connor wearing these jeans to a soundtrack provided by Radiohead.
Hopefully these items will soon be available at shops near you.
1 Choose the correct answer.

1. Ethical fashion ...... .
a. isn’t very well known
b. helps the environment by recycling used clothing
c. doesn’t reduce air pollution
2. Catclo ...... .
a. is a fabric softener
b. can be permanently applied to fabric
c. hasn’t been tested on clothing yet
2 Decide if the sentences are T (true) or F (false).

Find evidence in the text to justify your answers.
...... 1. Catalytic Clothing has existed for the last decade.
...............................................................
...... 2. Catclo can be effective both indoors and outdoors.
2
...............................................................
3 Complete the sentences according to the information in the text.

1. When adding Catclo to a washing machine, ........
........................................................................ .
2. On a video with Radiohead music, catalytic jeans
........................................................................ .
4 Answer the question.

What have opponents said about Catalytic Clothing? What are the writer’s reactions to the criticisms?
................................................................................
................................................................................
................................................................................
5 Find words or expressions in the text that mean the following:

1. improve (paragraph I) ..................................
2. covered (paragraph II) ..................................
3. as of now (paragraph IV) ..................................
4. look at (paragraph VI) ..................................
6 Write a composition of 100-150 words. Choose ONE option.

1. What do you look for when buying clothing items? Would you be interested in wearing ethical
fashion items? Explain.
2. Should consumers be made to buy products that are environmentally friendly? Justify your
reasons.
3
UNIT 2
The Mexican Wave

I You’ve probably seen it – maybe even taken part in it at some sporting event: spectators stand up,
raise their arms and cheer as the “wave” comes towards them, and then sit down again as it
moves on. The ripple moves through the crowd no matter what the sport: baseball, basketball,
American football or soccer. It’s the Mexican wave, simply “the wave” in the US or La Ola in
Mexico.
II The move – originally called the Human Wave – is thought to have started in the US in the 1970s.
However, it first became internationally popular after appearing at the 1986 FIFA World Cup in
Mexico, which explains its current name. No one knows why it started, or even how many people
are necessary to get a wave going. While some experts claim it can be done with only six people
working together, most suggest that the minimum is 25. The wave generally moves at about 12
metres per second, passing approximately 20 seats, and it usually runs in a clockwise direction.
Although some suggest this is because most people are right-handed, this explanation seems
unlikely because the wave often moves counter-clockwise in countries in the Southern
Hemisphere.
III Most people are eager to participate: even Prince William and his wife Kate Middleton took part in
one at a Wimbledon tennis match in 2012. The only ones to spoil the fun seem to be the VIPs at
certain games, where the wave often ends at their box. But the crowd still rules – spectators boo
for the entire time that the wave would take to pass through the VIP section, and then resume the
cheer on the other side.
IV According to Guinness World Records, the longest wave, observed at a 2011 basketball game in
Australia, lasted six minutes 54 seconds, and the largest, seen at a 2008 car-racing event in the US,
involved 157,574 individuals. But true sports fans believe it doesn’t really matter how many
people participate or how long a wave lasts – being part of it is what’s important.

1. The Mexican wave ...... .
a. requires spectators to sit and wave their arms
b. occurs during many different sporting events
c. isn’t the same as “the wave”
2. VIP occupants are known to ...... .
a. boo during a wave
b. be the most eager to take part in a wave
c. ignore the wave
2 Decide if the sentences are T (true) or F (false). Find evidence in the text to justify your answers.
...... 1. The Mexican wave originated in the US.
...............................................................
...... 2. Waves usually take one second to pass along 20 seats.
...............................................................
...... 3. The wave usually moves counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.
...............................................................
4

1. In Mexico, the move ........................................
...................................................................... .
2. Most experts believe that at least 25 people ....
...................................................................... .
3. Over 157,000 people ......................................
...................................................................... .
4 Find words in the text that mean the OPPOSITE of the following:
1. lower (paragraph I) ...................................
2. previous (paragraph II) ...................................
3. probable (paragraph II) ...................................
4. unenthusiastic (paragraph III) ...................................
5. terminate (paragraph III) ...................................

1. Do you prefer watching a sporting event on television or attending a game? Give reasons for your
answers.
2. In your opinion, do sporting events benefit from the Mexican wave? Explain your answer.
5
UNIT 3
The Doomsday Vault

I What would happen if a catastrophe – either natural or man-made – caused all the plants that are
used for food to die? Without seeds to grow new plants to feed ourselves or our animals, we could
all starve. To prevent this from happening, the Svalbard International Seed Vault was established
in 2008.
II The aim of the so-called Doomsday Vault is to guard samples of seeds from all food crops known
to man so that they could be reintroduced if our plants are destroyed by a catastrophe. This event
could be an asteroid hitting Earth, nuclear war or problems caused by climate change. Less
dramatic, but more likely, the catastrophe may be caused by a storm or an earthquake.
III With such precious contents, it’s no wonder establishing the Vault has involved strict security.
First, its location: the Vault is built into a mountainside on a remote island in the Svalbard
archipelago, about 1,300 kilometres from the North Pole. This is important because the cold
weather will help to maintain the necessary low temperatures even if the supply of electricity to
the facility is cut off. Second, the bank’s inaccessibility reduces the possibility that it could be
affected by war or thieves.
IV The seed bank is run by the Global Crop Diversity Trust and functions like the safe-deposit area of
a normal bank. Each country can deposit and withdraw seeds. The seeds may last from 20 to over
100 years, depending on the species. To ensure their freshness, seeds are stored in special
envelopes on metal shelves at a temperature of -18°C, with minimum exposure to oxygen. Once
set up, the facility will require only one inspection every year or so, another safety precaution
designed to reduce dependency on humans in the event of a catastrophe.
V So whether the threat is from everyday disasters such as fires or floods or from such outlandish
scenarios as, say, an alien invasion, don’t worry. The “Fort Knox” of seed banks, as the Vault has
been called in comparison to the famous facility holding US gold, will help to ensure our
continuing supply of food.

1. The Svalbard Seed Vault ...... .
a. was established as a result of a catastrophe
b. raises animals that people use for food
c. protects all food crops from disappearing
2. Disasters that could affect continuing food
supply ...... .
a. could come from outer space
b. couldn’t be caused by human activity
c. couldn’t be caused by a storm
...... 1. The Vault is located on the top of a mountain.
..................................................................
...... 2. The seeds in the Vault need lots of oxygen to maintain freshness.
..................................................................
...... 3. Fort Knox in the US used to be a seed bank.
..................................................................
6
3 Answer the questions.

1. The Svalbard International Seed Vault has also been called the Doomsday Vault. What do you
think “doomsday” means?
........................................................................
2. What measures are taken to ensure maximum protection of the Vault?
........................................................................

1. suffer or die from hunger
(paragraph I) ..................................
2. protect (paragraph II) ..................................
3. stopped or disabled
(paragraph III) ..................................
4. remove (paragraph IV) ..................................
5. strange (paragraph V) ..................................

1. Which man-made disaster do you think is the most destructive? What measures can be taken to
prevent it?
2. What other items should be stored in a Doomsday Vault? Explain your choices.
7
UNIT 4
An Alternative to School Suspensions

I Out-of-school suspension has been one of the most common disciplinary methods used in North
American secondary schools. Students who are suspended are forbidden to be on school grounds
for a period ranging from one day to a number of weeks, depending on the severity of the
offence.
II In recent years, even though it’s still prevalent, this form of punishment has become increasingly
controversial. Critics of the method argue that suspension makes students feel disconnected
from their school and increases their chances of dropping out of school altogether.
III What’s more, in most cases, the suspended students are unsupervised since their parents are
usually at work. As
a result, it becomes increasingly likely that they will get into trouble or associate with people who
will have a bad influence on them.
IV In an attempt to find a better alternative to suspensions, some schools have begun to use
restorative disciplinary methods to try to deal with conflicts that have occurred. Instead of
suspending the offenders, all the students who were involved in a particular incident must
discuss what happened, how it affected them and how to move forward. Offenders are also
obligated to listen to how their actions affected others and are given an opportunity
to try to repair the harm they have done.
V Supporters of this kind of approach claim that it’s extremely effective. Participants learn to be
more empathetic
to others and to be more self-critical. Consequently, they are less likely to engage in anti-social
behaviours in the future. In addition, the process provides them with guidance on how they can
improve their behaviour and gives them a real opportunity to make a change.
VI Although the attempt to transform school violations into learning opportunities is without a
doubt admirable, there is still very little evidence to confirm that restorative discipline in schools
does indeed work. What’s more, it’s important to keep in mind that restorative methods can
never completely replace traditional disciplinary methods like suspension. If an individual student
poses a threat to the safety of others, there is no alternative but to remove him or her from
school, whatever the long-term ramifications may be.
...... 1. Out-of-school suspension lasts for a few days.
...............................................................
...... 2. Restorative discipline doesn’t just involve the perpetrators.
...............................................................

1. Out-of-school suspensions cause students .........
........................................................................ .
2. Students who are suspended from school are
less likely to .......................................................
........................................................................ .
3. Restorative discipline makes offenders ...............
........................................................................ .
8

The writer believes that restorative discipline ...... .
a. isn’t a good idea
b. can never work
c. isn’t necessarily effective

1. What are the benefits of restorative discipline?
........................................................................
2. What is the writer’s opinion of out-of-school suspension?
........................................................................

1. common (paragraph II) ..................................
2. quitting (paragraph II) ..................................
3. remember (paragraph VI) ..................................

1. Write a letter to a friend describing a process of restorative discipline that you were involved in.
2. In your opinion, is restorative discipline an effective approach? Why or why not?
9
• UNIT 5
Video Games and their Benefits

I For years, scientists and researchers have been focusing on the potential negative effects of video
games. These games have been accused of causing obesity in young people and have even been
blamed for inciting violence. While these concerns remain legitimate ones, and continue to be
researched, scientists are increasingly examining the potential benefits of video games. In
particular, some researchers are suggesting that video games may in fact be good for the brain.
They note the fact that many video games are mentally challenging. As a result, they argue,
players who become proficient at these games tend to improve their mental functioning.
II One study at the University of California demonstrated a significant change in the brain activity of
a group of teenage girls who had been playing a video game for a period of three months. The
scientists showed that after continued practice at the game, the parts of the girls’ brains that were
responsible for visual and spatial abilities were visibly thicker than they had been before.
III Researchers argue that playing video games trains the brain to work more effectively. They also
suggest that video games are particularly effective learning tools, since they are built in a way that
encourages players to keep at it until they have mastered a challenging task. Players have a clear
incentive to continue practising a particular task, because they are rewarded for getting better.
IV These findings are of particular interest for researchers, who are looking for ways to reduce or
reverse cognitive decline in elderly people. Yet, unfortunately, there is little evidence to suggest
that any improvements in brain functioning observed in these studies occur outside the game-
playing context or that they last over time. In addition, many of the studies investigating the
effects of video games are funded by the video game companies themselves, who are eager to
promote their products. As a result, there is a tendency not to publicise studies with negative
outcomes.
V Experts continue to maintain that video games are not the answer to reduced cognitive
functioning among the elderly. They claim that the best way to prevent cognitive decline in later
life is to be cognitively and physically active throughout your life. There are, it appears, no quick-fix
solutions.
1 Decide if the sentences are T (true) or F (false).

Find evidence in the text to justify your answers.
...... 1. Scientists are no longer interested in the negative effects of video games.
...............................................................
...... 2. The results of most video game studies are negative.
...............................................................

The study at the University of California demonstrated that playing video games ...... .
a. can affect our brains
b. is beneficial in the long-term
c. can reverse cognitive decline

1. According to the scientists at the University of
California, the girls’ brains ..................................
........................................................................ .
2. The published research into the benefits of
10
playing computer games is problematic because

........................................................................ .

1. Why are computer games effective learning tools?
........................................................................
........................................................................
2. According to experts, how can cognitive decline amongst the elderly be prevented?
........................................................................
........................................................................
5 Find words or expressions in the text that mean the following.

1. skilled (paragraph I) ...............................
2. not give up (paragraph III) ...............................
3. remain (paragraph IV) ...............................
4. results (paragraph IV) ...............................
1. Describe your favourite video game. Why do you like playing it?
2. In your opinion, is playing video games a waste of time? Why or why not?
11
UNIT 6
English or Chinese?
I For decades, China isolated itself from the rest of the world. However, as China has opened up and
modernised, Western culture and the English language have expanded throughout the country.
Western brands are now widely available, and there are large numbers of students wanting to
study English. However, not everyone is so enthusiastic about these changes. Some Chinese feel
that the craze for English and Western culture in China could be detrimental to their country in the
long run.
II In particular, some people are concerned that the increasing flow of English words and phrases
into Chinese conversation could endanger the future of the language. This concern has resulted in
a demand for linguistic purity. For example, Chinese media were told by the government to start
using a list of official Chinese translations for English abbreviations.
III Some people believe that in order to strengthen young people’s connection to their language and
culture, it’s necessary to shift the emphasis away from English and towards Chinese. As a result,
the demand for private Chinese-language tutoring schools is growing. In addition to the normal
curriculum, these schools introduce children to classic Chinese literature and traditional culture.
IV What’s more, there’s a move to lessen the importance of English in the education system. At the
moment, English has equal weight with maths and Chinese in the annual university exams.
Recently, the Ministry of Education has announced plans to reduce the points allotted to English in
the exams, while raising the points for Chinese.
V While this attempt to contain the spread of Western values in China may be understandable,
there’s a danger that it may backfire. A reduced emphasis on English education in school may well
result in lower English proficiency among secondary-school students, which may have a negative
effect on international business and the Chinese economy further down the line.
VI What’s more, the Chinese government may have to accept the fact that “cultural purity” is a thing
of the past.
As China continues to develop as an economic superpower, people from all over the world are
flocking to study Chinese. Cultural exchange, it appears, goes both ways.
...... 1. The Chinese don’t use abbreviations.
..................................................................
...... 2. Classic Chinese literature and traditional culture are a part of the normal school curriculum.
..................................................................
2 Choose the correct answer:
The writer believes that the Chinese government ...... .
a. cannot prevent the spread of Western culture
in China
b. shouldn’t be concerned about the spread of Western culture in China
c. should promote the spread of Western culture
in China
1. The Ministry of Education has reduced the points for English in the university entrance exam so that
2. People in the West are interested in learning Chinese because .
12
4 Answer the question.

What is the connection between the level of English in China and the Chinese economy?
................................................................................
................................................................................
5 Find words in the text that mean the following:

1. harmful (paragraph I) ..................................
2. threaten (paragraph II) ..................................
3. move (paragraph III) ..................................
4. given (paragraph IV) ..................................
5. have bad results
(paragraph V) ..................................

1. Write a letter to a friend explaining why you have enrolled to study a foreign language.
2. In your opinion, should the Chinese government continue to protect the purity of the Chinese
language at the expense of English? Why or why not?
13
ANSWER KEY
1 EXTRA PRACTICE
1 1. c 2. b
2 1. F – This dream may soon become a reality with Catalytic Clothing … .
2. T – This means that when the fabric is exposed to light – either the sun or indoor fluorescent
lighting – it experiences a chemical change.
3 1. it lasts for 10-20 launderings
2. are worn by British model Erin O’Connor
4 They’ve said that Catclo could damage clothing and that the pollutants it breaks down will wash
off and pollute the water supply. The writer claims that in all experiments to date, Catclo hasn’t
caused any damage to clothes and presents no greater threat than those chemicals in the
current washing system.
5 1. enhance
2. coated
3. to date
4. check out
6 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
2 EXTRA PRACTICE
1 1. b 2. c
2 1. T – The move – originally called the Human Wave – is thought to have started in the US in
the 1970s.
2. T – The wave generally moves at about 12 metres per second, passing approximately 20
seats …
3. F – … the wave often moves counter-clockwise in countries in the Southern Hemisphere.
3 1. is called La Ola / became internationally popular at the 1986 FIFA World Cup
2. are needed to start a Mexican wave
3. took part in the largest Mexican wave at a car-racing event in the US in 2008
4 1. raise
2. current
3. unlikely
4. eager
5. resume
3 EXTRA PRACTICE
1 1. c 2. a
2 1. F – … the Vault is built into a mountainside …
2. F – To ensure their freshness, seeds are stored … with minimum exposure to oxygen.
3. F – The “Fort Knox” of seed banks, as the Vault has been called in comparison to the
famous facility holding US gold …
3 1. “Doomsday” means the end of the world caused by some catastrophic event.
2. The Vault is built into a mountainside on a remote island about 1,300 kilometres from the
North Pole. It will require only one inspection every year.
4 1. starve
14
2. guard
3. cut off
4. withdraw
5. outlandish
4 EXTRA PRACTICE
1 1. F – Students who are suspended … for a period ranging from one day to a number of
weeks, depending on the severity of the offence.
2. T – … all the students who were involved in a particular incident must discuss what
happened, how it affected them and how to move forward.
2 1. to feel disconnected from their school and increases their chances of dropping out
2. stay out of trouble and associate with people who will have a positive influence on them
3. listen to how their actions affected others
3 c
4 1. Participants learn to be more empathetic and self-critical, so they’re less likely to engage in
anti-social behaviour and they’re given guidance which provides them with a real chance to
change.
2. That it’s necessary if a student poses a threat to the safety of others.
5 1. prevalent
2. dropping out of
3. keep in mind
5 EXTRA PRACTICE
1 1. F – For years, scientists and researchers have been focusing on the potential negative
effects of video games. … While these concerns remain legitimate ones, and continue to be
researched …
2. F – As a result, there is a tendency not to publicise studies with negative outcomes.
2 a
3 1. demonstrated a significant change in activity after playing a video game for three months
2. many of the studies are funded by video game companies, therefore there is a tendency not
to publicise studies with negative outcomes
4 1. Because they’re built in a way that encourages players to keep at it until they’ve mastered a
challenging task.
2. Experts claim the best way to prevent cognitive decline in later life is to be cognitively and
physically active throughout your life.
5 1. proficient
2. keep at it
3. last
4. outcomes
15
6 EXTRA PRACTICE
1 1. F – … Chinese media were told to start using a list of official Chinese translations for English
abbreviations.
2. F – … Chinese-language tutoring schools … in addition to the normal curriculum, these
schools introduce children to classic Chinese literature and traditional culture.
2 a
3 1. less emphasis will be placed on English / more emphasis will be placed on Chinese
2. China is developing as an economic superpower
4 A lower level of English can effect international business and the Chinese economy in a negative way.
5 1. detrimental
2. endanger
3. shift
4. allotted
5. backfire
16

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CUADERNILLO DE REFUERZO DE INGLÉS: 2º BACHILLERATO DEPARTAMENTO DE INGLÉS DEL IES SAN FERNANDO, BADAJOZ

NOMBRE DEL ALUMNO/A:______________________________________________

Read the text and answer the questions that follow.

1 Choose the correct answer.

2 Decide if the sentences are T (true) or F (false).

3 Complete the sentences according to the information in the text.

4 Answer the question.

5 Find words or expressions in the text that mean the following:

6 Write a composition of 100-150 words. Choose ONE option.

Read the text and answer the questions that follow.

The Mexican Wave

1 Choose the correct answer.

3 Complete the sentences according to the information in the text.

5 Write a composition of 100-150 words. Choose ONE option.

The Doomsday Vault

1 Choose the correct answer.

3 Answer the questions.

4 Find words or expressions in the text that mean the following:

5 Write a composition of 100-150 words. Choose ONE option.

An Alternative to School Suspensions

2 Complete the sentences according to the information in the text.

3 Choose the correct answer.

4 Answer the questions.

5 Find words or expressions in the text that mean the following:

6 Write a composition of 100-150 words. Choose ONE option.

Read the text and answer the questions that follow.

Video Games and their Benefits

1 Decide if the sentences are T (true) or F (false).

2 Choose the correct answer.

3 Complete the sentences according to the information in the text.

playing computer games is problematic because

4 Answer the questions.

5 Find words or expressions in the text that mean the following.

2. People in the West are interested in learning Chinese because .

4 Answer the question.

5 Find words in the text that mean the following:

6 Write a composition of 100-150 words. Choose ONE option.

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