REVIEWER IN INTRO TO WORLD
Divine Principle.
HINDUISM
 Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in
the world today but it is relatively
unknown in the Philippines.
 Sanatana Dharma means “Eternal
Religion”
 Dharma according to Hindu belief and
practice is what holds the universe, this
means “duty”, “correct practice’ and
“truth”.
 Hinduism is also referred to as Vaidika
Dharma or “Religion of the Vedas”.
 The term “Veda” in Sanskrit means
“knowledge”.
 Two types of Hindu scripture:
Shruti “heard”
Smriti “remembered”
FOUR TYPES OF RELIGIOUS LITERATURE
 Samhitas, hymns dedicated to gods and
goddesses
 Brahmanas, explications of the samhitas
and other ritual acts performed by priests
 Aranyakas, philosophical interpretations of
ritual acts
 Upanishads, explanations of general
philosophical knowledge.
SMRITI SCRIPTURES
 Mahabharata, an epic poem that is 15 times
longer than the bible.
 Ramayana, a shorter epic poem about
kingship and royal virtues.
 Dharma Shastras, legal treatises that
emphasize the importance of practicing
virtue.
 Bhagavadd Gita, means “Song of the
Lord”is actually one of the books in
Mahabharata.
 Puranas, stories that depict the sectarian
divisions within Hinduism.
 Trimurthi, belief in three highest deities.
Brahma (creator), Vishnu (preserver),
Shiva (destroyer)
 Brahman, according to Upanishads means
 Atman, means soul.
 Karma, means action.
 Samasra, cycle of birth-death-rebirth
 Jati, a social rank one receives upon birth
FOUR MAIN JATIS IN DIFFERENT
SOCIAL GROUPS (highest to lowest)
1. Brahmins, purest among all castes and
serve as ritual experts or priests
2. Kshatriyas, consists of political rulers
and warriors
3. Vaishyas, economic specialist and
merchants
4. Shudras, consist of manual laborers
 Mahatma Gandhi called the Shudras as
“Harijans” or “children of God.
 Puja, most common way to expess worship
for deities
FESTI VALS
 Divali (Deepavali or Diwali), festival of
lights
 Holi, festival of spring and colors
 Dussehra, actual victory of Rama
 Makara Sankrati, festival of harvest
 Lohari, midwinter festival and celebrates
the symbolic shunning of evil
 Krishna Janmaashtami, celebration of birth
of Krishna
 Maha Shivaratri, the great night of Shiva
 Ganesh Chaturthi, celebration of birth of
Ganesh
 Guru Purnima, festival of one’s teacher
 Khumba Mela, largest hindu festival in the
world and celebrates the Saraswati river of
enlightenment.
 Upanishads is the last part of Veda and is
also called as Vedanta.
MAIN SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT
 Samkhya, an aethistic philosophy
Purusha (person) and Prakrti (nature)
 Yoga, the purpose is to achieve a sattvic
state (spiritual calm, virtue and joy)
 1, Raja Yoga, path of physical and psychic
practice.
2. Jnana Yoga, path of rational mind and
concentration
3. Karma Yoga, path of action in the
world.
4. Bhakti Yoga, path of devotion.
 Mimamsa, proper interpretation of
righteous action.
 Vaisheshika, resonates most strongly with
an atomistic view of reality.
 Nyaya, most concerned with logic and
establishment of proof.
 Vedanta, last to be established in Hindu
thought and gives emphasis to the
Upanishads.
BUDDHISM
 Buddhism, a nontheistic religion.
 The central figure of Buddhism is
Siddharta Gautama known as “Buddha”
which means “the Enlighten One”
THE TRIPLE GEM
 Buddha, refers to the inspiration of
Siddharta Gautama, the teacher.
 Dhamma, refers to the teaching of the
Buddha.
 Sangha, refers to the monastic order
founded by Buddha.
THE FIVE PRECEPTS
1. I take the precept to abstain from destroying
living beings (killing)
2. I take the precept to abstain from taking
things not given (stealing)
3. I take the precept to abstain from sexual
misconduct
4. I take the precept to abstain from false
speech (lying)
5. I take the precept to abstain from anything
that causes intoxication or heedlessness
(getting drunk or using illegal drug)
THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS
1. Life is suffering (dukkha)
2. There is suffering because there is desire
3. In order to get rid of suffering, one has to
get rid of desire.
4. There is a path that leads from suffering (the
eightfold path)
Notes:
1. Do not memorize everything! You just have to
comprehend.
2. Di na kasama ang eighfold path sa exam ha.
3. Yung mga festivals, di natin nafocus lahat, so
don kayo magfocus sa mga natackle lang.
4. Wag magpuyat the day/night before the exams,
papangit kayo tapos yung mga pangit na lalo pang
papangit.
5. Mas mabuti nang bumagsak nang fresh kaysa
naman bagsak na nga haggard pa!
6. Alalahanin lagi ang life lessons natin ha.
7. Mag-isip ng contribution para sa superbook para
may dulot naman kayo sa next generation.
8. Lets end up suffering, gawin nating motivation
si Buddha hahahahaha. Basahin ang number 9.
9. Share this sa lahat ng nangangailangan at mag
thank you naman kayo sakin kung gagamitin nyo
to! Bawal kiligin kapag nabasa ang number 10.
Pero kung di nyo mapigil, well just send me
thanks. Okay?
10. Love kayo ng Mama nyo kaya galingan nyo sa
exam week. :*
I LOVE YOU ALL, GOODBYE!~
Prepared by:
Ms. Lyka R. Aguinaldo
Introduction to World Religion and Belief System,
Subject teacher na mapagmahal pero di minamahal
awtsss. </3