1

Anthony Hernandez

Dr. Sharity Nelson

ENGL 1302

10/08/21

Annotated Bibliography

Przybylski, Andrew K., and Victoria Nash. “Internet Filtering Technology and Aversive Online

Experiences in Adolescents.” The Journal of Pediatrics, Mosby, 14 Mar. 2017,

www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022347617301737.

Authors Andrew Przybylski and Victoria Nash both aim to evaluate the effectiveness of the

already looming internet filters that are in place for early adolescents from the ages of about

twelve to fifteen years old. This experiment also included the guardians of these children in that

of any recent online experiences that they may have any knowledge about toward their child. It

was very convincingly found that the filters in place were simply almost not effective at all in

filtering any online experiences from children of these ages. This paper is very important as it

raises a lot of awareness to how unprepared we may be for protecting children to the internet.

Gasser, Urs, et al. “Working towards a Deeper Understanding of Digital Safety for Children and

Young People in Developing Nations.” SSRN, 16 June 2010,

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1628276&download=yes.

Doctors and Researchers of Harvard gathered in the writing of this article in order to try and

build a deeper understanding of children’s safety in an technological complex throughout

developing nations. More importantly one of the main objectives of this article is to attempt to
 2

raise awareness about any issues related to internet use for the youth. Not only that but an

attempt to map any factors that may be causing these issues and try and give insight. Extremely

in-depth methods such as research, experiments, surveys and more were conducted among

experts. These methods consist of numerous methodologies like extensive web searches

throughout many databases that are of common use on the internet, current case studies of the

time of the article, expert interviews and survey’s among technology, learning and child safety in

the developing world throughout all developing nations. This article and the research taken from

it suggest that various factors like technological resources, economical, market, education, and

cultural parameters all need to be taken closely into analysis whenever viewing something of this

subject as it’s so broad and there are countless things that could influence these children but

more importantly influence this research.

Mitchell, Kimberly J, et al. “Protecting Youth Online: Family Use of FIltering and ...” Child

Abuse & Neglect, 21 Aug. 2001, www.unh.edu/ccrc/pdf/jvq/CV49.pdf.

This paper analyzes the characteristics and factors that contribute into making the decision of

whether or not we should filter software and information to children. Furthermore to analyze

why it should be used in some households over others. This is done by conducting a very

thorough research experiment using 53 males and 47 females all children ranging from the ages

of 4 all the way to 17 years old. Not only that but these children all have very different

personalities among, are from different households ranging from all sorts of yearly income, all

sorts of ethnicities, and from all sorts of cities big and small. This article also goes through

results of studies that have taken place from children of ages mostly ranging from 4-17 on certain

experiences of the internet. Pornography is talked about frequently as it’s said 1 in 4 kids will
 3

have inadvertently seen some form of pornography that they didn’t want to see even through

certain filtering situations as well as one third of children had seen pornographic material on

accident or on purpose. It’s found that most households and parents don’t even have any sort of

filtering devices for their children who have access to the internet, some of these parents will

actually argue that these devices aren’t even effective and may sometimes even have the opposite

effect. From this experiment it’s found most households don’t use these filtering devices and it’s

due having an older sibling paired with another while the other is less supervised and does

“schoolwork” on this device. It was found that most filtering software in place are sometimes

unknown to the parent as most of the time it comes with a subscription to some kind of company

associated with the internet you may have for your house or service provider. This paper is most

useful for all kinds of purposes but most importantly for the use of parents whoa re trying to

control the information their children is getting on the internet.

Sartor, Giovanni, and Andrea Loreggia. “The Impact of Algorithms for Online ... - European

Parliament.” Comitties European Parliament, Udo BUX, Sept. 2020,

www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/657101/IPOL_STU(2020)657101_E

N.pdf.

This is a fascinating paper as it goes over very specific ways on how we might be able to filter

information and technology to children. This study is aimed at moderately automatically filtering

certain content dependent on the information being researched by the user. It even highlights on

whether or not this topic is a violation of rights that a human being is supposed to be “born”

with. Such as the freedom of speech and freedom of expression. In other words a very political

view is highlighted on this topic for this paper because as said in the article there would be so
 4

many political issues to face before dealing with something of this manner. As said it’s argued

that the internet could be used as a freedom of speech and freedom of expression because as said

a lot of people only know how to use their voice virtually. Though the main aim of this article is

to see and realize the magnitude of really the internet itself and how it’s at full disposal to most

children.

Vincent Iannelli, MD. “Have You Set up Parental Controls for Your Child's Internet Access?”

Verywell Family, Verywell Family, 21 Dec. 2020, www.verywellfamily.com/parental-

controls-2634209.

This article is directed more toward assisting parents into trying to filter the information and

technology that’s available to their children. This article covers all kinds of ways your child may

have access to the internet fully without your knowledge. What we think you’re giving your

children as entertainment could also be used to see things they aren’t supposed to be. Numerous

ways are demonstrated throughout this article on how to prevent this happening without your

knowledge, but also more importantly to try and catch these things before it’s a problem at all.

This is because most times a children will be much more likely to try and hide things when they

were already used to that behavior and rebel or act out more if being filtered against certain

things they may have enjoyed. As said although multiple methods are gone over throughout the

article on how to spot, and prevent this behavior it’s also highlighted that there is simply just

nothing as of the present at least that will 100% fully filter your child to the information that’s

only to their benefit. It’s best to be as understanding with your children as possible and just make

sure they realize the magnitude of what they have in their hands as well as the control that the

parent must have over them.

 5

Kranich, Nancy. “Why Filters Won't Protect Children or Adults.” Advocacy, Legislation &

Issues, 5 May 2017, www.ala.org/advocacy/intfreedom/filtering/whyfilterswontprotect.

This paper goes over all sorts of characteristics and facts of already known information and

information that’s desired to be known among the subject of filtering information to children and

adults. The reality of filters is they’re very ineffective in most cases as most of the time they

either filter too little information to the user or sometimes filter too much information to the user

to where a student wouldn’t be able to get a simple assignment done. Filters are also broken

down into how they generally work and how ineffectively they do their job. Realistically any

filtering company no matter how great the programming simply could not filter information on

the billions of websites that are readily available to them on the internet. The main reason these

filtering systems don’t work is because almost 100% of the time these filtering software will not

be able to determine whether or not it’s trying to filter information for a 5 year old, 15 year old,

or even a 40 year old. This paper is excellent for anybody in this field of research but more

importantly for awareness as the magnitude of filtering information on the internet is much more

broad than thought once further analyzed.

Centre, Safer Internet. “Parenting in a Digital Age: What Are the Benefits for My Child of Using

Technology?” Parenting in a Digital Age: What Are the Benefits for My Child of Using

Technology? | Safer Internet Centre, 21 Mar. 2017,

www.saferinternet.org.uk/blog/parenting-digital-age-what-are-benefits-my-child-using-

technology.

This article focuses entirely on how beneficial the internet is for a child and the skills they could

develop from it. Simple skills like hand-eye coordination, language skills, reading skills, problem
 6

solving skills, sometimes interactive skills, though it’s mentioned specifically at the end of the

article that this could all be achieved through the child as long as there is the right amount of

moderation and if used correctly. So in a sense this article still says through some form of filter

on the technology being used or internet being used will this be achieved.

Writing Service, Source Essay. “Risks and Benefits of Children Using the Internet- Essay

Writing.” Online Essay Writing Service, 16 Jan. 2020, sourceessay.com/risks-and-benefits-

of-children-using-the-internet/.

This paper analyzes exactly how a child can achieve and attain true knowledge and skills through

the use of the internet and specific tools and software available on the technology being used and

the internet. While still highlighting the dangers of the internet and devices being used it still

further highlights the importance in these tools for child development. This paper goes over

every step a legal guardian should take when trying to maximize any sort of positive results out

of any technology or the internet which are very common easy things that just need to be

enforced. Argued, it’s important for the child to develop both physically and psychologically and

the internet and technology used could do exactly that but could have just an equally opposite

negative effect.

Malamud, Ofer, et al. “Do Children Benefit from Internet Access? Experimental Evidence from

Peru.” Journal of Development Economics, North-Holland, 13 Dec. 2018,

www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304387818301251.

This article provides a clear perspective on whether or not the internet and technology used to

access it is useful in any positive way. More specifically it’s aimed to see the differences in
 7

children who have internet access and don’t. Children with internet access are much more

inclined to want to use it for entertainment rather than for learning purposes which is a privilege

just as much as entertainment is. This experiment was taken place in Peru hence some of these

children not having internet access at all which in their case makes them far more innocent than

that of children in the United States. It’s found home internet access didn’t have a factor on

improving any math or reading levels in these students, if anything these levels decreased once

gaining the use of the internet.

Hitti, Miranda. “Pros and Cons for Kids' Internet Use.” WebMD, WebMD, 1 May 2006,

www.webmd.com/parenting/news/20060501/pros-cons-for-kids-internet-use#1.

Miranda Hitti highlights and analyzes the reality of the internet and it’s use. There are so many

fake examples of almost any type of situation a child could imagine on the internet. If a child

dreamed they were a millionaire at a young age with no worries there are so many depictions of

that on so many different places on the internet though probably none real. This article highlights

how emotionally straining the internet could be on a child. Through questions for kids of all ages

Yan ( a professor at the University of Albany’s School of Education) suggests using a very strict

filter device for children on the internet in order for them to use it and maximize it. This paper

did not really strain away from the negative side of the internet and what it offers to children,

because in reality that’s what these children are exposing themselves to more often than not.
8
9
10