2/10/2020 2019 Pulwama attack - Wikipedia

Coordinates: 33°57′53″N 74°57′52″E

2019 Pulwama attack

On 14 February 2019, a convoy of vehicles carrying security personnel on the Jammu Srinagar
2019 Pulwama attack
National Highway was attacked by a vehicle-borne suicide bomber at Lethpora (near
Awantipora) in the Pulwama district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The attack resulted in the Part of the insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
deaths of 40 Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)[a] personnel and the attacker. The
responsibility for the attack was claimed by the Pakistan-based Islamist militant group Jaish-e-
Mohammed. The attacker was Adil Ahmad Dar, a local from Pulwama district, and a member of
Jaish-e-Mohammed.[2][3][4] India has blamed Pakistan for the attack. Pakistan condemned the
attack and denied any connection to it.[5]

Contents
Background
Attack
Location of the attack in Jammu and Kashmir,
Perpetrator
India
Investigation Location Lethpora, Pulwama district,
Aftermath Jammu and Kashmir, India
Gunfight with the militants Coordinates 33°57′53″N 74°57′52″E
Anti-Kashmiri backlash
Date 14 February 2019
Balakot airstrike
15:15 IST (UTC+05:30)
India-Pakistan standoff
Pakistan arrests suspects Target Security personnel of the Central
Reserve Police Force
Reactions
Attack type Suicide attack, car bombing
India and Pakistan
International community Deaths 40 (+1 suicide bomber)[1]

Legacy Injured 35

See also Perpetrators Jaish-e-Mohammed

Notes Assailants Adil Ahmad Dar

References
Bibliography

Background
Kashmir is a disputed territory, claimed both by India and Pakistan with both countries administering part of the territory.[6] Pakistan has
sought to gain control of Indian-administered Kashmir.[7][8] An insurgency began to proliferate in Indian-administered Kashmir in the late
1980s. Pakistan provided the insurgency with material support.[9][10] Since 1989, about 70,000 people have been killed in the uprising and the
Indian crackdown.[6][11] According to Time, unrest in Kashmir grew in 2016 after India killed a popular militant leader, Burhan Wani.[6] A
rising number of young locals from Indian administered Kashmir have joined the militancy.[12][13] Many sources state that the majority of
militants in Kashmir are now local, not foreign.[14][15][16] In 2018 alone, the death toll included 260 militants, 160 civilians and 150
government forces.[11]

Since 2015, Pakistan-based militants in Kashmir have increasingly taken to high-profile suicide attacks against the Indian security forces. In
July 2015, three gunmen attacked a bus, and police station in Gurdaspur. Early in 2016, four to six gunmen attacked the Pathankot Air Force
Station.[17] In February and June 2016, the militants killed nine and eight security personnel respectively in Pampore. In September 2016,
four assailants attacked an Indian Army brigade headquarters in Uri killing 19 soldiers. On 31 December 2017, the Commando Training Centre
at Lethpora was also attacked by militants killing five security personnel. These attacks took place in the vicinity of the Jammu Srinagar
National Highway.[3]

Attack
On 14 February 2019, a convoy of 78 vehicles transporting more than 2,500 Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)[a] personnel from Jammu to
Srinagar was travelling on National Highway 44. The convoy had left Jammu around 03:30 IST and was carrying a large number of personnel
due to the highway having been shut down for two days prior. The convoy was scheduled to reach its destination before sunset.[3]

At Lethpora near Awantipora, around 15:15 IST,[23] a bus carrying security personnel was rammed by a car carrying explosives. It caused a
blast which killed 40 CRPF personnel of the 76th Battalion and injured many others.[1] The injured were moved to the army base hospital in
Srinagar.[2]

Pakistan-based militant group Jaish-e-Mohammed claimed responsibility for the attack. They also released a video of the assailant Adil
Ahmad Dar, a 22-year old from Kakapora who had joined the group a year earlier.[3][24][25] Dar's family had last seen him in March 2018,
when he left his house on a bicycle one day and never returned.[26] Pakistan denied any involvement, though Jaish-e-Mohammed's leader,
Masood Azhar, is known to operate in the country.[27][28]

It is the deadliest terror attack on India's state security personnel in Kashmir since 1989.[23]

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Perpetrator
Personnel killed[2][18][19][20][21]
The perpetrator was identified as Adil Ahmad Dar (alias Adil Ahmad Gaadi Takranewala or Waqas
State Number
Commando), a 22-year old from Kakapora.[24] According to Dar's parents, Dar became radicalized after he was
beaten by Indian police.[29][30] Between September 2016 and March 2018, Adil Dar was reportedly arrested six Uttar Pradesh 12
times by Indian authorities.[31][32] However, each time he was released without any charges.[31] Rajasthan 5
Punjab 4
Investigation Bengal 2

The National Investigation Agency dispatched a 12-member team to probe the attack, working with the Jammu Odisha 2
and Kashmir Police.[2][3] Uttarkhand 2
Bihar 2
Initial investigations suggested the car was carrying more than 300 kilograms (660 lb) of explosives,[3]
including 80 kilograms (180 lb) of RDX, a high explosive,[33] and ammonium nitrate.[34] Lt Gen Hooda said Maharashtra 2
that the explosives might have been stolen from a construction site. He initially said that it was not possible Tamil Nadu 2
that they were smuggled from across the border, but later said that he could not rule it out.[35] Assam 1
Karnataka 1
Aftermath Jammu and Kashmir 1
State funerals of security personnel killed in the attack were held in their respective native places.[36][37] The Himachal Pradesh 1
government of Punjab announced ex gratia compensation of 12 lakh (US$17,000) each to the families of the Kerala 1
killed security personnel from the state and a government job to the next of kin.[20] India revoked Pakistan's
Jharkhand 1
most favoured nation status.[2] The customs duty on all Pakistani goods imported to India were raised to
200%.[38] The government of India urged the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) to put Madhya Pradesh 1
Pakistan in the blacklist. The FATF decided to keep it on 'grey list' and gave time till October 2019 to comply Total 40
with 27 conditions laid in June 2018 when it was put on the 'grey list'. Failing comply, it will be added in
the blacklist.[39] On 17 February, the state administration revoked security provisions for separatist
leaders.[40]

Protests, bandhs and candle light marches were held across India.[41][42][43] There were violent protests in
Jammu resulting in a curfew being imposed starting 14 February. The Indian community in the United
Kingdom held protests outside the Pakistan High Commission in London.[44] A delegation of Indian
doctors cancelled their visit to Pakistan for the 13th Association of Anaesthesiologists Congress, organised
by the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, in Lahore on 7 March.[44] Indian broadcaster
DSport said it would no longer broadcast Pakistan Super League cricket matches.[45] The All Indian Cine
Workers Association announced a ban on Pakistani actors and artists in the Indian film industry, and
stated that strong action would be taken on any organisation violating it.[46] The Indian Film and
Television Directors' Association also announced a ban on Pakistani artists in films and music produced in Candle light march organised in
India; the president of the organisation threatened to "vandalise" the sets of any Indian film production Mehsana, Gujarat
with Pakistani artists.[47]

On 20 February 2019, Pakistani prisoner Shakarullah, who was serving a life term in India's Jaipur Central Jail under Unlawful Activities
(Prevention) Act, was stabbed and beaten to death by four other inmates.[48][49] India claimed that Shakarullah was allegedly killed in a brawl
among the inmates over television volume. Pakistan claimed that he was killed in retaliation of the Pulwama incident.[50]

Gunfight with the militants

Following intelligence inputs, in the early morning hours of 18 February, a joint team comprising 55 Rashtriya Rifles, CRPF and Special
Operations Group of India killed two terrorists and two supporters in an anti-terrorism encounter operation in the ensuing manhunt for the
perpetrators in Pulwama. One of them, Abdul Rasheed Ghazi alias Kamran, was identified as a Pakistani national and was considered the
mastermind of the attack and a commander of the terrorist group Jaish-e-Muhammad (JeM).[51] In addition, local JeM recruit Hilal Ahmed,
along with two sympathisers who housed Ghazi and Ahmed to evade capture, were also shot dead in the encounter. Four security personnel
were killed in the gunfight.[52][53][54]

Anti-Kashmiri backlash
Kashmiri students living in other parts of India faced a backlash after the attack, including violence and harassment,[55] and eviction from
their homes.[56] In response, many Indians offered to house Kashmiris who may have been evicted.[57]

It was reported that number of Kashmiris fleeing from the rest of India had reached "hundreds".[58] Jammu and Kashmir Students
Organisation reported that 97% of Kashmiri students in Dehradun had been evacuated.[59] Two Indian colleges in Dehradhun announced that
no new Kashmiri students will receive admission.[60] One of those colleges, Alpine College, suspended its dean, who is a Kashmiri, after some
groups called for him to be fired.[61]

Tathagata Roy, the governor of the Indian state Meghalaya, tweeted support for a boycott of "everything Kashmiri". Union Minister Ravi
Shankar Prasad disagreed with this view.[62] A Kashmiri merchant was beaten in Kolkata; the attack was condemned by West Bengal chief
minister Mamata Banerjee.[63]

Kashmir police chief Dilbagh Singh said they had asked affected states to protect students."[64] Former Jammu and Kashmir chief minister
Omar Abdullah met with Rajnath Singh seeking assistance.[65]

Balakot airstrike

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On 26 February, twelve Mirage 2000 jets of the Indian Air Force crossed the Line of Control and dropped bombs into Balakot, Pakistan.[66][67]
India claimed that it attacked a Jaish-e-Mohammed training camp and killed a large number of terrorists, reported to be between 300 and
350.[66][68] Pakistan claimed that they quickly scrambled jets to intercept the IAF jets, who dropped their payloads to quickly return over the
Line of Control.[69]

India-Pakistan standoff
On 27 February, Pakistan Air Force conducted an airstrike into Jammu and Kashmir in retaliation for the Indian airstrike the day before. Both
Pakistan and India agreed that no damage was caused by Pakistan's airstrike. However, in an ensuing dogfight between Indian and Pakistani
jets, an Indian MiG-21 was shot down over Pakistan and its pilot captured. Pakistan released the pilot on 1 March.[70]

Pakistan arrests suspects

On 5 March, Pakistan arrested 44 members of various groups, including the Jaish-e-Muhammad. Some of those arrested had been named by
India in a dossier it gave to Pakistan in the aftermath of the Pulwama attack.[71] Pakistan said those arrested will be held for at least 14 days,
and if India provided further evidence they would be prosecuted.[72] Among those arrested were relatives of JeM leader Masood Azhar,
including his son Hamad Azhar and his brother Abdul Rauf.[71]

Reactions

India and Pakistan

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi condemned the attack and expressed solidarity with the victims and their families. Union Home
Minister Rajnath Singh assured that a strong response will be given to the terror attack.[3] India blamed Pakistan for the attack.[73] BBC News
has said that the involvement of the Jaish-e-Mohammed in the bombing "directly links" Pakistan to the attack, while also pointing out that
Jaish-e-Mohammed had attacked Pakistani military targets in the past.[74] It is widely accepted among security analysts that Jaish-e-
Mohammed is the creation of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence.[75] Pakistan banned the group in 2002,[76] but it has resurfaced under
different names and retains ISI's support.[77][78][79] The New York Times questioned the nature of the link to Pakistan, pointing out that the
bomber came from Indian-administered Kashmir and the explosives may also have been locally procured.[80]

The Indian Finance Minister Arun Jaitley has said that India would completely isolate Pakistan in the diplomatic community.[38]

Pakistan denied the allegation of a link to the attack,[81] and Pakistani foreign minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi condemned the bombing.[5]
Fawad Chaudhry, Pakistan's federal information minister, said that Pakistan was taking action against Jaish-e-Muhammad and that Pakistan
would be able to assist India in taking action against terrorist groups.[82] The Nation, a Pakistani newspaper, called the assailant a "freedom
fighter" who eliminated members of an "occupying force".[83][84] Pakistan and India both recalled their ambassadors for "consultations" in a
tit-for-tat move.[85]

On 19 February 2019, Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan said that providing safe haven to terrorists was not in Pakistan's interest.[86] He
asked for proof of Pakistani involvement and warned India that any military response would be met with retaliation. Indian Ministry of
External Affairs responded by criticising him for not condemning the attack and not offering any condolences for the victims. It said that
claims by Adil Ahmad Dar and Pakistan-based Jaish-e-Mohammed was sufficient proof. It said that promises of investigation was
unconvincing due to a lack of progress in Mumbai and Pathankot attack investigations.[87][88] In response to Indian criticism, the newspaper
Dawn pointed out that Pakistani Foreign Minister Qureshi had expressed sympathies with the victims soon after the attack.[89]

Following the attack on the Indian territory, the producers of the Indian Hindi films, including Notebook, Kabir Singh and Satellite Shankar,
decided not to release the films in Pakistan.[90][91][92]

Former Indian cricket players and Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) called for the boycott on the 2019 World Cup group match
fixture between India and Pakistan with raising concerns on banning Pakistan cricket team from playing in the 2019 Cricket World Cup
tournament.[93][94][95] However, after conducting a press meet in Dubai, the International Cricket Council (ICC) rejected BCCI's statement
regarding banning Pakistan from the World Cup and assured that the scheduled match will go ahead as planned despite the ongoing standoff
between the two nations.[96][97]

On 8 March 2019, the India national cricket team wore camouflage military caps in tribute to the CRPF personnel killed in the attack during
the third ODI against Australia at Ranchi. The players also donated their match fees to the National Defence Fund. The Pakistan Cricket Board
wrote to the ICC to protest the gesture. The ICC stated that BCCI had asked for, and received, permission to wear the caps.[98]

International community
The United States condemned the attack and added it would work with India in counterterrorism efforts. It asked Pakistan to stop sheltering
terrorists and urged it to cooperate with the investigation and punish those responsible.[99][100] Pakistan said it was ready to cooperate with
such an investigation.[101] A statement from the US Department of State noted that Pakistan-based Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) had claimed
responsibility for the attack.[102] Bangladesh, Bhutan, China,[103] France,[104] Hungary,[105] Israel,[106] Maldives,[104] Nepal,[107] Russia,[104]
Saudi Arabia,[108] Singapore,[109] Sri Lanka,[110][111] Turkey,[112] the United Arab Emirates,[113] and the United Kingdom[114] condemned the
attack, as did the United Nations Secretary-General.[115] China and Turkey also defended Pakistan's efforts to fight terrorism.[112][116][117][118]
China placed a temporary block on a UN Security Council resolution following the attack, which was backed by all other permanent members
of the council, to designate JeM leader Masood Azhar as a global terrorist.[119]

Iran's Deputy Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi met with India's External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj and referring to both the 2019
Pulwama attack and the 2019 Khash–Zahedan suicide bombing, he stated that Iran and India would work together to prevent future
attacks.[120]

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Legacy
The Indian cricket team paid tribute to the 40 soldiers killed in the Pulwama attack by wearing the camouflage caps instead of the usual sky
blue team India cap, during the third One Day International match with Australia in Ranchi.[121] Pakistan objected to this gesture and
Pakistani Information Minister Fawad Chaudhry and Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi called the International Cricket Council (ICC)
to ban the Indian team for allegedly mixing cricket with politics.[122] The Pakistani Cricket Board formally raised the matter with the ICC.[123]
The ICC clarified that the Indian team had requested and was granted permission by the ICC to wear the camouflage caps as a part of
fundraising drive and to pay tribute to the soldiers killed in the attack.[121]

See also
List of terrorist incidents in India
Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
India–Pakistan relations
2016 Uri attack

Notes
a. The Central Reserve Police Force is the largest central paramilitary force under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It is used to supplement the
local police forces in contingencies and for countering insurgencies. According to Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan of the Observer Research
Foundation, it is less trained and armed than the Army.[22]

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