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Home English Grammar Direct से Indirect बनाने के िलए मह वपूण िनयम

Direct ू िनयम
से Indirect बनाने के िलए मह वपण
October 07, 2018  /   Admin  /   No comments   

ू िनयम
     Direct Speech को  Indirect Speech म पिरवतन करने के िलए मह वपण
     Read : Narration or Direct and Indirect

    
Direct Speech को  Indirect Speech म पिरवतन करने के िलए मह वपूण िनयम

Direct से Indirect बनाने के िलए मह वपूण िनयम
Direct - He said , "I am going to America now."

Indirect - He said that he was going to America then.

1. Direct Speech के दो भाग होते है - Reporting Verb तथा Reported Speech
(i)  Reporting Verb
Inverted commas के बाहर जो वा य  होता है, उसकी  Verb  Reporting verb कहलाती है ।
जैसे- He said, "I am going to America now." इस वा य म  said Reporting verb है।
(ii)  Reported Speech

Inverted commas के अंदर जो वा य रहता है, उसे Reported Speech कहते  है।

जैसे- He said, "I am going to America now." इस वा य म "I am going to America now." Reported

Speech है।
2. Change of Pronouns
Direct से  Indirect बनाते समय  Reported speech के  Pronouns को िन निलिखत प्रकार से प्रवितत करते ह;

1. First Person को Reporting Verb के Subject के अनुसार  प्रवितत करते ह।

2. Second Person को Reporting Verb के Object के अनुसार प्रवितत करतेह।
3. Third Person के  Reporting Verb म कोई भी बदलाव नहीं होता  है।

Table:
Person Nominative Objective
Case Case

Ist Person I My

Ist Person We Our

2nd Person You Your

3rd Person He His

3rd Person She Her

3rd Person They Their

Examples :
Direct  -  She says to Kiran, "I will teach you in the class."
Indirect   - She tells Kiran that she will teach her in the class.".
Direct  -  Rohan said to Seema, "I will give my text-book to you."

Indirect   - Rohan told Seema that he would give his text-book to her.
Direct  -  They said to me, "We have given our books  to you"
Indirect   - They told me that they had given their books  to me.
Direct  -  You said, “I have done my home work”.
Indirect   - You said that you had done your home work.
Direct  -  The father said to me, “You have not done your work well”.

Indirect   - The  father  told me that I had not done my work well.
Direct  -  I said to you, “He should not deposit money in the bank ”.
Indirect   - I told you that he should not deposit money in the bank.

3. Change of Tense
1. Direct  से  Indirect बनाते  समय यिद  Reporting verb म Present tense या Future tense हो तो Reported
speech के Tense म कोई भी बदलाव नहीं होता है, केवल आव यकतानुसार  Pronoun को Change िकया जाता है।
2. यिद Reporting verb, Past tense म हो तो Reported speech के Tense को िन निलिखत प्रकार से पिरवतन होता है;
3. यिद  Direct Speech Simple Present Tense म हो तो  Indirect Speech को  Simple Past

Tense म पिरवितत करते ह
4. यिद  Direct Speech Present Imperfect Tense म हो तो  Indirect Speech को  Past Imperfect
Tense म पिरवितत करते ह
5. यिद  Direct Speech Present Perfect Tense म हो तो  Indirect Speech को   Past Perfect
Tense म पिरवितत करते ह
6. यिद  Direct Speech Present Perfect Continuous Tense म हो तो  Indirect Speech को  Past Perfect

Continuous Tense म पिरवितत करते ह
7. यिद  Direct Speech Simple Past Tense म हो तो  Indirect Speech को  Past PerfectTense म पिरवितत करते ह
8. यिद  Direct Speech Past Imperfect Tense म हो तो  Indirect Speech को  Past Perfect Continuous
Tense म पिरवितत करते ह
9. यिद  Direct Speech Past Perfect Tense म हो तो  Indirect Speech म कोई बदलाव नहीं होगा

10. यिद  Direct Speech Past Perfect Continuous Tense म हो तो  Indirect Speech म कोई बदलाव नहीं होगा

Table:

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Simple Present Simple Past

Present Indefinite Past Indefinite

Present Continuous Past Continuous

Present Perfect Past Perfect

Present Perfect Past Perfect

Continuous Continuous

Past Indefinite Past Perfect

Past Continuous Past Perfect
Continuous

Past Perfect No change of Tense

Past Perfect Continuous No change of Tense

Examples:
Direct - Rohan said to his father, "I love you."
Indirect -  Rohan told his father that he loved him
Direct - Nyla said to Archana, "I am reading your book."

Indirect - Nyla told Archana that she was reading his book.
Direct - Meena says, "I am not well"
Indirect  - Meena tells that she is not well.
Direct  - She will say to her husband, "Mohan did not treat his friend fairly."
Indirect  - She will tell her husband that Mohan did not treat his friend fairly.
Direct  - She Said, "I know your friend very well.”
Indirect  - She said that she knew his friend very well..
Direct  - Mohit said to Ram, "You have been writing  since morning."
Indirect - Mohit told Ram that he had been writing  cricket since morning.
Direct  - Meera said to Kamal, "You have called me yesterday."
Indirect   - Shalini told Rajeev that he had called her the previous day.

Direct  - The Manager said to me, "You will get your salary tomorrow."
Indirect  - The Manager told me that I would get my salary  the next day.

4. Change of Modals /Helping Verbs

1.  Direct  से  Indirect बनाते  समय यिद Reporting verb, Past tense म हो तो Reported speech के  Modals

/Helping Verbs को िन निलिखत प्रकार से प्रवितत करते है।       

2. यिद  Direct Speech म Shall िदया हो तो  Indirect Speech म उसे Should म पिरवितत करते ह
3. यिद  Direct Speech म Will िदया हो तो  Indirect Speech म उसे Would म पिरवितत करते ह
4. यिद  Direct Speech म Can िदया हो तो  Indirect Speech म उसे Could म पिरवितत करते ह

5. यिद  Direct Speech म May िदया हो तो  Indirect Speech म उसे Might म पिरवितत करते ह

6. यिद  Direct Speech म Am / Is / Are िदया हो तो  Indirect Speech म उसे Was / Were म पिरवितत करते ह
7. यिद  Direct Speech म Have / Has िदया हो तो  Indirect Speech म उसे Had म पिरवितत करते ह
8.  यिद  Direct Speech म Had to + V1   िदया हो तो  Indirect Speech म उसे Had had to + V1 म पिरवितत करते ह
9. यिद  Direct Speech  म Could , Should, Would, Might  िदया हो तो  Indirect Speech म कोई बदलाव नहीं होगा     
Table:
Direct Indirect
Speech Speech

Will Would

Shall Should

Can Could

May Might

Could No Change

Should No Change

Would No Change

Might No Change

Examples:
Direct  - He said to me, "You can go"
Indirect  - He told me that I could go.

Direct  - They said to us , "We can repair Cars"

Indirect  - They told us that they could repair Cars.
Direct  - He said to us, "I will operate  a Machine"
Indirect  - He told us that he would operate a Machine.
Direct  - They said to him, "She shall tell about  the  hostel life"
Indirect  - They told him that she should tell about  the  hostel life 
Direct  - He said to me , "I must go college"
Indirect  - He told me that He must go college.

5. Change in Time : 

अगर Direct Speech के वा यों म समय िदया हो तो इस िदए गए टाइम को Inirect

Speech म पिरवितत करने के िलए िन निलिखत टे बल के अनुसार पिरवतन होगा
Direct Speech -  Indirect Speech
Ago  -  Before
Today  - That day
Tomorrow   - The next day
Tonight  - That night
Yesterday -  The previous day
Last night   - The previous night
Last week   -  The previous week
Next week   -  The following week

Now    -  Then
The day before yesterday  -  The day before the previous day
The last fortnight  - The previous fortnight.
These  - Those
This -That
Thus   -  So
Hence  - Thence
Here  -  There
Hither   - Thither
Examples:
Direct  - He said, " I am buying a car today"

Indirect - He said that he was buy a car that day.

Direct  - She said, " I need your help in the examination now"

Indirect - She said that she needed my help in the examination then.

6. Universal truth or a habitual fact (सावभौिमक स य /त य अथवा आदत )

यिद Direct Speech  म सावभौिमक स य / त य या आदत  िदया हो , तो Inirect Speech बनाते समय इस तरह के वा य
अपिरवितत रहते है।

Example:
Direct - Nyla said, "Honesty is the best policy."

Indirect - Nyla said that Honesty is the best policy.

Direct - Teacher said to students, "The sun rises in the East."

Indirect - Teacher told students that the sun rises in the East.".
Direct - He said, “Two and teo makes four”.
Indirect - He  said that Two and teo makes four.

Read : Narration or Direct and Indirect

  Basic English, English, English for beginners, English Grammar

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