Professional Documents
Culture Documents
for
Class XII Year
by
Lecturer Saima Mustafa
Eng. Dept. DCW Ph VIII
Learning Tenses
Narration Rules
Changing from Direct into Indirect
Speech
Rules Contd.
Rules Contd.
Change of Pronouns
Pronouns of the first person are changed to the person of the
subject of the reporting speech.
For example: He says, I have no money with me.
He says that he has no money with him.
Pronouns of the second person are changed to the person of
the noun/pronoun to whom the reported speech is addressed.
For example: You said to Zain, I would be happy to
welcome you in my house.
You said to Zain that you would be happy to welcome
him in your house.
Generally, the pronouns of third person in the direct speech
remain unchanged in the indirect speech.
For example: He said, She is a good person.
He said that she was a good person.
Contd.
Examples
Examples Contd.
Contd.
Examples
Examples
Contd.
Examples
Note
If the reported speech expresses a universal
truth,
its tense will not change.
Example
Direct: He said, The world is round.
Indirect: He said that the world is round.
Questions
a. When a question with why, what, how, where,
when, etc. is to be changed into indirect speech,
the verb of the reporting speech is replaced by
inquired, demanded or asked, and the
conjunction that is not used. The question
changes into a statement.
Examples
Questions
b. When questions beginning with an auxiliary
verb are to be changed into indirect speech,
if or whether is used to join the reporting
speech and the reported speech, and the question
is converted into a statement.
Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
Narration Practice
END
Thank You for your patience. By this time the
concepts regarding Narration are pretty clear. A
little practice off and on is required to make
the students ready for any challenges.