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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

Chapter Chapter
Section Section
Subject Page Date Subject Page Date

9-List of Effective
Pages 1 Jan 31/2003
2 Jan 31/2003
9-Record of
Temporary
Revisions 1 Jan 31/2003
2 Jan 31/2003

9-Table of
Contents 1 Jan 31/2003
2 Jan 31/2003

9-00-00 1 Jan 31/2003

2 Jan 31/2003

9-10-00 1 Jan 31/2003

2 Jan 31/2003
3 Jan 31/2003
4 Jan 31/2003
5 Jan 31/2003
6 Jan 31/2003

9-20-00 1 Jan 31/2003

2 Jan 31/2003
3 Jan 31/2003
4 Jan 31/2003
5 Jan 31/2003
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* Asterisk indicates pages added or revised by the current revision.

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RECORD OF TEMPORARY REVISIONS

Temporary Page Issue Inserted Date Removed

Revision No. Number Date By Removed By

9-1 Page 1 of 1 Jan 10/86 IAII Apr 15/91 Rev. 22

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter
Section
Subject Subject Page Effectivity

GENERAL 9-00-00

Description / Operation
General 1 ALL

TOWING 9-10-00

Description / Operation
General 1 ALL
Towing 1 ALL

TAXIING 9-20-00

Description / Operation
General 1 ALL
Taxiing 1 ALL

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GENERAL - DESCRIPTION / OPERATION

1. General

A. Towing and taxiing procedures, are basically the same as those used for other aircraft
equipped with tricycle landing gear.

CAUTION: TOWING AND TAXIING THE AIRCRAFT WITH A FLAT TIRE IS

PROHIBITED EXCEPT WHEN A HAZARDOUS CONDITION ARISES. TOW
OR TAXI AIRCRAFT THE MINIMUM REQUIRED DISTANCE NECESSARY
TO CLEAR THE RUNWAY.

AVOID SHARP TURNS AND ABRUPT STARTS AND STOPS.

DO NOT MOVE AIRCRAFT FOR 15 MINUTES AFTER ELECTRICAL

POWER IS REMOVED TO PREVENT POSSIBLE DAMAGE TO AIRCRAFT
ATTITUDE GYRO SYSTEMS.

B. The aircraft can be towed or pushed backwards, on hard surfaces, using a tow bar
attached to the nose wheel. The turning angle of the nose wheel with tow bar is 90°, either
side of center with the scissors disconnected. Refer to 9-10-00, Towing for additional
information.

C. For taxi operation, directional control is accomplished utilizing the nose wheel steering
system. For turning radius of the nose wheel, refer to 9-20-00, Taxiing.

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TOWING - DESCRIPTION / OPERATION

1. General

A. Towing the aircraft over hard, flat surfaces is accomplished at the nose gear for normal
maintenance and ramp functions.

B. When the aircraft has left a hard, flat surface runway and has become mired in soft sand,
mud or snow, the aircraft must be towed aft from the main gears. The nose gear tow bar
should be used only for steering while the aircraft is being towed.

C. Provision is made on the nose gear for attaching a tow bar (5753517) for towing and
pushing the aircraft either by hand or with a towing vehicle.

NOTE: The tow bar is standard issue and must be carried aboard the aircraft at all times.
If tow bar is removed from the storage placed on aircraft, its weight must be
subtracted from basic operating weight.

2. Towing (See Figure 1)

A. Nose Gear Turning Angle

A stripe is painted on the lower side of the radome, indicating that the maximum turning
angle is:
- 45° left or right for Aircraft 152, 154, 174, 181, 185 - 353, 360
- 58° left or right for Aircraft 354 - 359, 361 and subsequent

CAUTION: THE NOSE LANDING GEAR CAN BE DAMAGED IF THE TURN LIMITS ARE
EXCEEDED WITH THE SCISSORS CONNECTED OR WHEN THE
SCISSORS ARE DISCONNECTED AND THE TOP SCISSOR IS BETWEEN
THE NOSE TIRES DUE TO FUEL LOAD OR STRUT SERVICE.

NOTE: The nose wheel can be turned 360° when the scissors are disconnected.

B. Towing Conditions

Before towing, by hand or with a towing vehicle, perform the following:

(1) Station a qualified person in pilot's seat.

(2) Disengage the nose gear scissors by removing the (pip-pin) quick-release pin. Raise
the upper torque link and secure in the up position bracket with the pip-pin.

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Towing and Tow Bar Installation

Figure 1 (Sheet 1 of 2)

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Towing and Tow Bar Installation

Figure 1 (Sheet 2 of 2)

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(3) Attach tow bar to the nose wheel axle torsion shaft.

(4) Ensure that there is sufficient hydraulic pressure available to be able to apply the
aircraft brakes.

(5) Ensure that all doors of the aircraft and towing vehicle are secured.

(6) Ensure that wheel chocks, static ground cables and mooring cables are removed.

C. Nose Gear Towing

(1) Prepare aircraft for towing in accordance with Paragraph 2B, Steps (1) thru (6).

(2) Connect tow bar to towing vehicle.

(3) Release parking brake.

(4) In congested areas, station wing walkers to check clearance between aircraft and
adjacent equipment.

(5) Tow aircraft, making smooth starts and stops with towing vehicle.

CAUTION: WHEN REPOSITIONING AIRCRAFT, ALL PERSONNEL SHALL

WATCH FOR CLEARANCES OR OBSTRUCTIONS AND HAVE TWO
CHOCKS AVAILABLE TO CHOCK MAIN WHEELS IF AN
EMERGENCY SHOULD OCCUR AND PARKING BRAKE CANNOT BE
APPLIED.

(6) When towing operation is completed, turn nose wheel to center, chock wheels and
connect static ground cables.

(7) Reconnect nose landing gear scissors.

(8) Remove tow bar from nose wheel axle.

D. Main Gear Towing

When moving the aircraft over soft sand, muddy ground or snow and for extracting the
aircraft from mud, tow aircraft aft by attaching a rope harness to the lower portion of the
main landing gear struts. Use the tow bar to steer the aircraft.

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The following procedure should be used as general guide lines.

CAUTION: * DO NOT ATTACH A ROPE OR CABLE TO THE NOSE GEAR STRUT

BODY.
* DO NOT TOW AIRCRAFT BY THE TAIL SKID.
* DO NOT PUSH THE AIRCRAFT AT POINTS MARKED "NO PUSH".
* DO NOT PUSH, PULL OR LIFT THE AIRCRAFT BY THE AILERONS,
ELEVATORS OR FLAPS.
* DO NOT TOW THE AIRCRAFT AT AN ANGLE WHICH WILL CAUSE THE
MAIN GEAR TIRES TO SLIDE.
* MAKE SURE THAT A QUALIFIED PERSON IS SITTING IN THE PILOT'S
SEAT DURING ANY MOVEMENT OF THE AIRCRAFT.
* BE CAREFUL DURING TOWING OPERATION WHEN USING THE TOW
BAR TO STEER THE AIRCRAFT, NOSE GEAR FWD DOOR SHALL BE
DAMAGED IF IT IS ALLOWED TO CONTACT THE TOW BAR.
* BEFORE STOPPING THE AIRCRAFT, PROCEED IN A STRAIGHT PATH
FOR SEVERAL MORE FEET TO AVOID LEAVING THE TIRES
DEFLECTED WHEN THE AIRCRAFT IS PARKED.

This procedure prevents damage to the nose gear and gives some degree of stability due
to the wide angle of pull between the two main gears.

(1) Prepare aircraft for towing in accordance with Paragraph 2B, Steps (1) thru (6).

(2) Reduce the weight of the aircraft as much as possible.

(3) Position a rope or soft webbing of nylon harness on the lower portion of each main
landing gear strut (Figure 1).

NOTE: Use care to prevent crushing of wiring or tubes in the area.

(4) Ensure that towing vehicle is on a hard firm surface and attach two cables to towing
harnesses and towing vehicle. The towing cables should be of sufficient length to
allow the towing vehicle to be at least 50 to 100 feet from aircraft.

(5) If landing gear is sunk deeply into soft sand, mud or snow, a sloping path should be
shoveled to the wheels. Place large planks in the path against the wheels to provide
a make-shift ramp.

(6) Slowly increase tension on towlines and tow very slowly.

(7) Maintain a steady pull on the tow cables to prevent jerking the aircraft.

(8) Slowly move aircraft onto the runway.

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(9) During towing operation using the towline, steering of the aircraft is accomplished by
positioning the nose gear tow bar in direction of desired movement.

CAUTION: WHEN REPOSITIONING AIRCRAFT, ALL PERSONNEL SHALL

WATCH FOR CLEARANCES OR OBSTRUCTIONS AND HAVE TWO
CHOCKS AVAILABLE TO CHOCK MAIN WHEELS IF AN
EMERGENCY SHOULD OCCUR AND PARKING BRAKE CANNOT BE
APPLIED.

(10) When towing operation is complete, turn nose wheel to center and reconnect nose
landing gear scissors. Chock wheels and connect static ground cables.

(11) Disconnect tow lines from towing vehicle and remove towing harnesses from landing
gears.

(12) Remove tow bar from nose wheel axle.

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TAXIING - DESCRIPTION / OPERATION

1. General

A. Taxiing procedures are generally the same as those used for other aircraft with a tricycle
landing gear.

B. Steering is controlled by a control wheel located on the left side of cockpit. To provide a
system wherein the pilot may select high or low nose wheel steering sensitivity a switch is
installed by the control wheel, except for Aircraft 187 - 211, 215 - 218, 220, 222 and 224,
unless SL WW-2426 has been complied with.

C. Taxiing the aircraft can be accomplished with one or both engines. However, two engine
taxiing is recommended.

2. Taxiing

A. Preliminary Procedure

(1) Clear the area around aircraft.

(2) Check main gear wheels and remove static ground cable and mooring cables.

(3) Check engine inlet and exhaust areas for foreign objects.

B. Taxiing Procedure

(1) Check that the parking brakes are engaged and the anti-skid switches are off before
starting.

WARNING: ENSURE THAT PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT ARE CLEAR OF

ENGINE INLET AND EXHAUST (FIGURE 1).

DO NOT OPERATE ENGINE WITH EMERGENCY EXITS REMOVED

OR LEFT ENGINE ABOVE IDLE WITH CABIN ENTRANCE DOOR
OPEN. PERSONNEL SHOULD WEAR EAR PROTECTORS DURING
ENGINE OPERATION.

(2) Start the engines, refer to the Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM).

(3) Remove wheel chocks, release parking brake.

(4) Begin taxi roll, applying only sufficient thrust to start roll.

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Engine Blast Area

Figure 1

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(5) Taxi forward a few feet and apply one brake at a time to determine brake
effectiveness.

(6) While taxiing, make slight turns to determine that nose gear steering system is
operating properly.

NOTE: The minimum turn radius shown in Figure 2 should be observed when
taxiing aircraft close to buildings or other objects.

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Turning Radius
Figure 2 (Sheet 1 of 2)

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Turning Radius
Figure 2 (Sheet 2 of 2)

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