Macro Perspective on Tourism and Hospitality Management  Event and Conference 

 Tour Guide
Definition of Tourism  Leisure and Activity Coordinator
- It is the activities of people traveling to and staying in  F & B Related Work
places outside their usual environment for leisure,
business or other purposes for not more than one Significance of Tourism
consecutive year.  1. Income Generation
 2. Direct effect on the cultural, social, educational and
- Tourism is a dynamic and competitive industry that economic sectors
requires the ability to adapt constantly to customers’
changing needs and desires, as the customer’s Characteristics of Tourism
satisfaction, safety and enjoyment are particularly the 1. 2 Main Elements
focus of tourism businesses
A. Movement – which refers to journey (travel- dynamic
Parameter of Tourism element of tourism)
Domestic Tourism
 Means visits within a country by visitors who are B. Overnight Stay Outside the Residence (Static  element of
residents of that country. Tourism)
Inbound
 It means visits to a country by visitors who are not 2. Temporary
residents of that country.  A movement from and to a certain location should be in
Outbound short term and with an intention to return.
 Means visits by residents of a country outside that
country. 3. Purpose
 Destination should be visited for purposes other than
Derived Groupings taking up permanent residence or employment.
 National Tourism – Domestic and Outbound Tourism
 Internal Tourism – Domestic and Inbound Tourism 4. Fragmented
 International Tourism – inbound and Outbound Tourism  Tourism is made up of various sectors and subindustries
such as transportation, accommodation, attractions,
Tourist - Any person who stays for 24 hours and at most 6 amenities, catering, eating, entertainments, shops,
months during the same year. activities and more.
Excursionist - Any person who stays less than 24 hours.
Hospitality Industry
Opportunities in Tourism Industry
 Travel Agent Definition of Hospitality
 Hotel Manager  It is derived from the Latin word, HOSPITARE – meaning
 Tour Operator “To Receive a Guest”
  Hospitality is the reception and entertainment of the  SUCH AS RAIL ROAD CARS, JUNGLE, ETC.
guests with goodwill  E. Tavern
 Hospitality also focuses more on the accommodation  ANCIENT TERM FOR BAR.
and the needs of the guest from ingress to egress on the  F. Pub
hotel/resort vicinity  ANCIENT TERM FOR CLUB
 G. Inn
Pineapple Tradition  A RESTING PLACE
 According to John R. Walker, the pineapple has enjoyed  H. Alehouse
a rich and romantic heritage as a symbol of welcome,  ANCIENT TERM FOR COCKTAIL LOUNGES
friendship and hospitality.
 In Europe this fruit was serve to royalty and the elite. The 2. Lodging Segment
pineapple has been internationally recognized as a - Establishments that have long offered shelter to
symbol of Hospitality and a sign of friendliness, warm, traveler.
cheer and graciousness. A. Inns
B. Motor Hotels
The Basics of the Industry C. Resort Hotels
1. The hospitality industry provides food, beverages, D. Bed and Breakfast
lodging or some combination of the 3 that other E. Conference Center
businesses provide only the most incidental basis. F. Extended Stay
2. The Hospitality industry services primarily to travelers, in
a broad sense of term. Signs for lodging establishments may be display unfamiliar
word.
Scope of the Hospitality Industry A. Parador
1. F&B Segment  An old Spanish monastery or castle converted to use as
 Includes types of establishment, from a brightly colored hotel
fast food restaurant to quiet dining room offering elegant, B. Pension or Pensione
expensive continental or French cuisine. - French or Italian home at which guests are
 A. Fast Service Restaurant provided with a room.
 Selling burgers, chickens, pizza, pasta, etc. Also known C. Chateau
as quick service restaurant - A French castle or elegant country home used as
 B. Ethnic Restaurant hotel.
 SELLING CHINESE, MEXICAN, ITALIAN, LATIN D. Ryokan
AMERICAN, FILIPINO  AND DOZENS OF OTHER - A Japanese inn at which traditional customs are
TYPES OF MEAL. observed.
 C. Specialty Restaurant E. Hostel
 SERVING SEAFOOD, STEAKS, PASTA OR - A lodging facility at which inexpensive
VEGETABLES. accommodations are provided for the students
 D. Theme Restaurant and others, typically a nonprofit business.

3. Tourism Segment
- Is an increasingly widespread and complex activity
that requires sophisticated management to realize
its full potential as a positive economic,
environmental, social and cultural force.
Opportunities in Hospitality Industry
1. Educational Requirements
- People starting careers in hospitality industry
management are more and more likely to have
formal education obtained in order to prepare
them for hospitality career.
2. Experience Requirements
- It is important to note that starting positions are not
typically filled solely on the basis of educational
attainment. Experience is still important
consideration to many employers.
3. Entry-Level Management Position
- The nature of hospitality industry suggests that
opportunities are available in a number of different
areas. The size of the establishment determines
the job title and authority.
4. Qualifications and Employer Assessment
- These are commonly considered when assessing
to common potential candidates includes grades,
outside interests, participation in an organization,
employment record, ability to communicate
effectively, attitudes and interpersonal skills.
Reasons why students engage this course
1. Ambitions
2. Interest
3. Experience
The Ages of Tourism
FIVE AGES OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND REAL LIFE
 Tourism is one of the largest industries in the world right
now, people travel from time to time for business, leisure
or other purposes.
By looking this history there are five ages of tourism:
1. Pre industrial Revolution Age
- This age is defines as year prior to 1840 when
humans was first able to discover fire and tool and
settle down in a shelter, having a usual region to
live, which provide the basic element of travel
moving to regions to regions
- 4000 BC Egyptians invented sailing vessels
which encouraged the intentional travelling to
explore the world instead of only unconscious
travelling for food.
- Felucca- Egyptian Sailing Vessel
2.  Railway Age
- The first passenger carried by rail happened in
1830 in England. A complete railway track was
newly built between Liverpool and Manchester,
Featuring the special function of carrying
passengers rather than only freights. Before that
people usually travelled by horses and carriages
- Stagecoach
- Evolution of Train
1. Steam Locomotive
2. Diesel Locomotive
3. Electric Locomotive
4. Combined Engines
3.  Automobile Age
- Karl Venz – The Inventor of the First Car Model
– Motorwagen
- Automotive Production on a commercial scale
started in US and Europe 1990’s.
 - However it was uncertain that which kind of engine - Largest Cruise Ship in the World - Symphony
to be used in automobiles and the price for the of the Seas
steam driven engine was high also with the danger - Staterooms – 2759
of explosion. - Maximum Passenger Capacity - 6680

- In May 1990 a steam powered “Locomobile” was The Motivation to Travel

offered for $ 750. In 1904, imported cars are sold - Travel is the only thing you buy, that makes
in US at a price of $ 8000 while domestic cars are you richer.
sold at $3700 at that time automobile is for rich
people. Abraham Maslow
 According to him human beings are primarily motivated
- In 1914 Henry Ford decided to sell affordable car. by their needs, which follow a particular order or
He launched the Model T for $ 490 also he used hierarchy.
the idea of assembly line for automobile
manufacturing to enhance the productivity and 1. PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
lower the production cost. - The most desires for food, clothing, shelter and
clean water
- 1920 census, there were 9.5 million registrations 2. SAFETY NEEDS
of car and truck already. Automobile became an - The desire for security, stability, and absence of
usual means of private transportation. pain threat and illness
- With the use automobile, people were 3. SOCIAL NEEDS
encouraged to have a travel at holidays or leisure - The desire for Friendship, Love and belonging
time. 4. ESTEEM NEEDS
- The desire for self-respect, a sense of personal
4.  Jet Aircraft Age achievement, and recognition from others.
- The aircraft technology is definitely the key factor 5. SELF ACTUALIZATION NEEDS
for the development of long distance travel - The desire for personal growth, self-fulfillment and
especially for international travel. realization of the individual's full potential.
- The first successful human carrying aircraft was
built by Wright brothers in 1903 People travel for many reasons:
- For Health care
5.  Cruise Ship Age - For Education
- The first vessel built for cruising purpose was the - To get away from things
Prinzessin Victoria Luise in 1900. To complete - To appreciate the various kinds of beauty of the
with others, ocean liners keep adding other world.
luxuries and entertainments into the cruise. - Travel helps you learn new languages
- Cruising Industry finally becoming more than just a Family Togetherness
transarctic trip, but also with services like cinema, - Important for families to spend time together
library, casino and so on. Interpersonal Relations
 - Desire to meet new people, to visit friends and
relatives, to escape from routine, family or
neighbors or to make new friendships
Cultural Motivators
- The desire to know more about the peoples
culture and way of life
Wanderlust
- A strong desire or urge to wander or travel or
explore the world.
Interest in Foreign Areas
- Economic activities would usually centered in
these areas and leave much of the countryside
with very little income.
- When the more economically blessed populations
travel to other areas, they bring with them money
that they spend in their destinations.
4. ADDED LIQUIDITY
- The money brought in by visitors to destinations
provides added liquidity and thus helps increase
the economic activities in the areas visited.

BENEFITS OF TOURISM 5. MULTIPLIER EFFECT

1. EMPLOYMENT
- Tourism is the largest industry in the world.
- Creates jobs, drives exports, and generates
prosperity across the world. In our annual analysis
of the global economic impact of Travel &
Tourism, the sector is shown to account for 10.4%
of global GDP and 313 million jobs, or 9.9% of
total employment, in 2017.
- There is always the question whether tourism
could actually significantly contribute to the
company of the whole community as there are
some perceptions that only a few individuals who
are directly involved in the tourism business
benefit from the industry.
- Multiplier is used to describe the total effect both
direct and secondary, that an external source of
income has on an economy.

2. REVENUE GENERATION
- Revenue generation would mean income
produced by the tourism business entity or by the
government (both national and local units.
- The business entity generates its revenue through
the operation of its tourism programs.
- On the other hand, the government can get its
revenue share through direct tourist contribution
(travel tax, room tax) and other forms of taxes and
permits.

3. INCOME REDISTRIBUTION
- Is an economic practice which is aimed at leveling
the distribution of wealth or income in a society
through a direct or indirect transfer of income from
the rich to the poor.
 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY AND
TRAVEL/TOURISM MANAGEMENT
1. TOURISM INDUSTRY
- Concerned with attractions and events that draw
tourists and excursionists to an area.
2. DESTINATION
- A location where travelers choose to visit and
spend time no matter what their motivation, needs
or expectations.
“PROMOTERS OF TOURISM”
1. TRAVEL AGENT
- A person engaged in selling and arranging
transportation, accommodations, tours, or trips for
travelers.
DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAVEL AGENT
 In the growing Travel and Tourism Industry , a
combination of high touch and high-tech skills are
necessary.
 Customers come to travel consultant to get advice on
where to go and what to do.
 They want their travel plans booked and confirmed
 Usually they want the best price. Often, they will modify
their itineraries in order to obtain this price.
REQUIREMENTS TO BE ABLE TO DELIVER THE SERVICE
AND FINALIZE SALE
CREATIVITY
 Look at the customer, Analyze his or her needs, ask
proper questions and the make creative suggestions
 Don’t forget, that person has come to you for something
that he or she could not find by himself, whether on the
internet or elsewhere.
A LOVE FOR THE JOB
 If you enjoy what you are doing, your confidence will
increase. Customers are reassured by this.
COMMUNICATION AND PRESENTATION SKILLS
 An ability to present information about your products in
persuasive, courteous and pleasant manner
SERVICE MINDEDNESS
 Never forget that what people are buying from you is
something they may have worked every hard to save up
for some may be first timers travelers others may be
veterans.
QUALIFICATIONS OF TRAVEL AGENT
MULTI CULTURAL BACKGROUND
 Exposure to different cultures through schooling,
community groups, personal reading or travel could be a
great value.
LANGUAGE SKILLS
 The importance of language skills will rise significantly in
the next few years. If everyone speaks some English in a
global world, your Unique Selling  Proposition will lie in
your ability to communicate with people of different
cultures and in their own language
GOOD ORGANIZATIONAL SKILLS
 The complexity of the travel and Tourism Industry,
requires a human touch which may simplify and sort out
complex matters. Being able to organize well is a major
asset in terms of increased productivity and loss of
wastages of time and money.
GOOD KNOWLEDGE OF GEOGRAPHY
 What is the distance between India and Pakistan? Do
Brazil and Dubai have similar climates? 
  Even if you didn’t study in school or college, there is no
shortage of tools to help you in geography from websites
atlases to travel guidebooks, magazines and television
programs.

TRAVEL AGENCY
 A commercial enterprise where a traveler can secure
information and expertise, get impartial counselling, and
make arrangements to travel by air, sea or land to any
point in the world.

 TWO KINDS OF TRAVEL AGENCIES

1. CONVENTIONAL TRAVEL AGENCY

 Also known as full service agencies
 These agencies sell it all: air, car rental, rail cruise, tours,
packages
 May be wholly owned by a large agency with thousand
offices
 May be franchises owned by individual
 May be just independent with no affiliation

2. ONLINE AGENCIES
 Operates exclusively through their website
 These agencies concentrate on selling travel
commodities such as air, lodging and car rentals
 A travel agent who works for the online travel agency can
explain their products thru phone and online chat.

TOUR OPERATOR
 Typically combines tour and travel components to create
a package holiday. They advertise and produce
brochures to promote their products, holidays and
itineraries