Transcription

Rubber, elastic substance obtained from the

exudations of certain tropical plants (natural rubber)
or derived from petroleum and natural gas (synthetic
rubber). Because of its elasticity, resilience, and
toughness, rubber is the basic constituent of the tires
used in automotive vehicles, aircraft, and bicycles.

Rubber, elastic substance obtained from the exudations of certain tropical plants

(natural rubber) or derived from petroleum and natural gas (synthetic rubber).
Because of its elasticity, resilience, and toughness, rubber is the basic constituent of
the tires used in automotive vehicles, aircraft, and bicycles.

Synthetic Rubber
Any kind of artificial elastomer (a polymer) is called synthetic rubber. An
elastomer can be defined as a material having the property of elasticity. Thus,
the type of rubber made from chemicals to act as the substitute for natural rubber
is the synthetic rubber. There are various types of polymers used for making
synthetic rubber types. Due to this, different types of synthetic rubbers have
different properties that are tailored for specific needs of rubber products
industries. 

I am going to show you on the process of synthetic rubber..

It start with preparing and mixing the the chemicals to be added such as carbon. This process is
unloading of carbon from jumbo bags to the ground hopper. Carbon is released from ground hopper and
goes up to feed the silos. Carbon black is a colloidal form of carbon obtained by a thermal
decomposition of hydrocarbons. After that,Carbon speed screw conveyor.The carbon is being weighed
and feed to the surge hopper. Next is the process of oil, oil is also being weighed and feed to the surge
hopper. For the chemical process, it is used in auto chemical weighing, the various chemicals which are
the zinc oxide,e accelerator sulfur and stearic acid used to mix the raw material which is the rubber.
Then it pass through online weighing.The raw material as well as the chemicals are beingweighed
online and will feed through feeding conveyor.

Compounding

Compounding adds chemicals and other additives to customize the rubber for the
intended use. rubber changes with temperature, becoming brittle with cold and a
sticky, gooey mess with heat. Chemicals added during compounding react with the
rubber during the vulcanizing process to stabilize the rubber polymers. Additional
additives may include reinforcing fillers to enhance the properties of the rubber or non-
reinforcing fillers to extend the rubber, which reduces the cost. The kind of filler used
depends on the final product.

Mixing

The additives must be thoroughly mixed into the rubber. To prevent premature
vulcanization, the mixing usually takes place in two stages. During the first stage,
additives like carbon black are mixed into the rubber. This mixture is referred to as a
masterbatch. Once the rubber has cooled, the chemicals for vulcanization are added
and mixed into the rubber. The high viscosity (resistance to flow) of the rubber makes
mixing difficult to accomplish without raising the temperature of the rubber high
enough (up to 300 degrees Fahrenheit) to cause vulcanization.

In stage, after stage 1 mixing has been completed completed and the cooling has
been allowed, stage 2 mixing is carried out in which vulcanizing agent are added.

Shaping

Shaping rubber products occurs using four general techniques: extrusion, calendering,
coating or molding, and casting. More than one shaping technique may be used,
depending on the final product.

Calendering passes the rubber through a series of increasingly smaller gaps between
rollers. The roller-die process combines extrusion and calendering, producing a better
product than either individual process.

Coating uses the calendering process to apply a coat of rubber or to force rubber into
fabric or other material. Tires, waterproof cloth tents and raincoats, conveyor belts as
well as inflatable rafts are made by coating materials with rubber.

The rubber is then pick up and place to the conveyor. It is being shown the auto
palletizer provides automatic means for sorting, transferring and stacking cases
of rubberonto a pallet; usually at the end of a manufacturing line.

Vulcanization
Vulcanization completes the rubber-production process. Vulcanization creates the
cross-connections between the polymers of rubber, and the process varies depending
on the requirements of the final rubber product. Fewer cross-connections between the
rubber polymers creates a softer, more pliable rubber. Increasing the number of cross-
connections decreases the elasticity of the rubber, resulting in harder rubber. Without
vulcanization, rubber would remain sticky when hot and brittle when cold, and it would
rot much more quickly.