TITLE OF THE PRESENTATION: PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

ACT OF 2010 (REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10121) WITHIN THE ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN
LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT.

Course: NCM108_BIOETHICS
Bachelor of Science in Nursing, Section B

Ethics outlines the Code of Conduct, Virtues, and Obligations of an individual. It Governs the Person’s Behavior.
Nonetheless, in Ethical Consideration, it associates with our Moral values and Moral Decision-Making at the
Individual or Societal Levels. It can affect different communities, ranging from those involved in Healthcare,
Government, Business, religion and even Social Media.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT

Leadership and Management ca be defined as “Influence”. It is straightforward to see how essential the Role of
Ethics is in the actions of a Leader. Within the Ethical Considerations in Leadership and Management the
individual’s Self Understanding and Others Understanding should be equal and considered.

PLATINUM RULE is enforced towards our Colleague and in our Working Environment.
TRUST - Is the action of acknowledging one’s abilities without provocation of their Mistakes, Weakness, and
Failure, it further involves the recognition of the other strengths and success.
CARE - Fostering Genuine Attitude and Compassion towards the others. (Effective Communication - is essential
to avoid misunderstandings when dealing with Ethical Issues within the Organization.)
STABILITY - It is the action of being consistent as a Leader, that can renders Firm Foundation for the
Organization and has stable Core Values such as Professionalism.
OPENNESS - It is an action that aims to be "Accepting" in others Opinions, Virtues, and Thoughts about a certain
things or situation. As a Leader "Openness" is a sign of fostering on respect and rights towards the others.

MORAL DECISION MAKING

It is the means of having the abilities to decide, which is the right course of action within defensible and reasonable
answers, once we encountered an Ethical Issues or Dilemma.

EXPLANATION: In Moral decision Making Psychological (Personal Ethics), Organizational (Professional), and
Societal Ethics, can affect or influence our Ethical Choices. Our Ethical decision Making is often automatic and
instinctive. It comprises our emotions rather than reasoning. If we are to think that we are reasoning to an Ethical
Conclusion, the evidence shows that we are just rationalizing a decision that is established within the Emotional or
Gut Feeling division of our Brain. Including the fact that our sense of Fairness is influenced with Self-Interest.
1. PRINCIPLE OF MORAL DISCERNMENT: It is the “Discernment” or the means of assessing Moral
Situations and the available options within the context of Roles in Life. It can be Moral as defined of the
Authorities (Rules and Regulations), Reciprocity (Platinum Rule), Influenced (Friends), Personal Interest, and
Social Justice (What is right for majority of individuals).

2. PRINCIPLES OF WELL-FORMED CONSCIENCE: It indicates the means of our conscience to obligate

and inform ourselves about Ethical Norms. It influence our lives because we act according to that knowledge, and
take firm accountability for those actions.

3. STRATEGIES OF MORAL DECISION MAKING PROCESS: It is the Strategies of Process in which we

formulate a Ethical Moral Decision. It starts with assessing the “Problems” then contemplating about the available
options and actions including their consequences before creating a decision. It can be a Straightforward Solution,
Objective Solution, Subjective Solution, and Based on Cultural Norms.

ETHICAL DILEMMA
It is an Ethical Paradox or Moral Dilemma that requires a tough decision within Two Consequential Options; It is
the Problem that neither of the options is acceptable or righteous from an Ethical Perspectives. We can encountered
an Ethical Dilemma in our everyday lives. Our Ethical Decision can be influenced through the weights of Trust vs.
Loyalty, Individual vs. Community, Short-Term vs. Long-Term, and Justice vs. Mercy.

APPROACH NO. 1 ENDS BASED - Choosing the option for the “Greater Good”.
APPROACH NO. 2 RULES BASED - Straightforward Solutions that is attached to the Rules
APPROACH NO. 3 CARE BASED - Compassionate over Self-Interest (Platinum Rule)

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10121 - CONSIST OF 30 SECTIONS.

PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2010

SECTION NO. 3 - DEFINITION AND TERMS

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
It is the Systematic Process using Administrative Directives, Organizations, and Operational Skills and Capacities
to Implement Strategies, Policies and Improved Coping Capacities in order to lessen the Adverse Impact of
Hazards and the Possibility of Disaster. Prospective Disaster Risk Reduction and Management refers to Risk
Reduction and Management Activities that address and seek to avoid the development of new or increased Disaster
Risk, especially if Risk Reduction Policies are not in place.
COMMUNITY-BASED DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OR “CBDRRM”
It is a Process of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in which at Risk Communities are actively engaged in
the Identification, Analysis, Treatment, Monitoring, and Evaluation or Disaster Risk in order to reduce their
vulnerabilities and enhance their capacities, and where the people are at the heart of Decision-Making and
Implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Activities.

NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK OR “NDRRMF”

It serves as the Principal Guide to Disaster Risk Reduction and Management efforts in the Philippines. This shall be
established under the NDRRMC. It shall be the basis for the formulation of the National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Plan. It Provides for Comprehensive, All Hazards, Multi-Sectoral, Inter-Agency and Community-
Based Approach to Disaster Risk Reduction and Management.

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES:

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS - It is the Knowledge and Capacities developed under Government Professionals
Response and Recovery Organizations, Communities and Individuals to Effectively Anticipate, Respond to, and
Recover from, the Impacts of likely, Imminent or Current Hazard events or conditions. Preparedness action carried
out within the context of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management and aims to build the capacities needed to
efficiently manage all types of emergencies and achieve orderly transitions from response to sustained recovery.
Preparedness is based on Sound Analysis of Disaster Risk and Good Linkages with early Warnings Systems, and
includes such activities as Contingency Planning, Stockpiling of Equipment and Supplies, the Development of
Arrangements for Coordination, Evacuation, and Public Information, and Associated Training and Field Exercises.
These must be supported with Formal Institutional, Legal and Budgetary Capacities.

DISASTER MITIGATION - It is the lessening or limitation of the Adverse Impact of Hazards and related
Disasters. Mitigation measures encompass Engineering Techniques and Hazard-Resistant Construction as well as
improved Environmental Policies and Public Awareness.

DISASTER PREVENTION - It is the outright avoidance of the Adverse Impact of Hazards and related Disasters.
It expresses the concept and intention to completely avoid potential impacts through action taken in advance such
as Construction of Dams or Embankments that Eliminate Flood Risk, Land-Use Regulations that do not permit any
settlement in High-Risk Zones, and Seismic Engineering Designs that ensure the survival and function of a critical
building in any like Earthquake.
DISASTER RESPONSE - It is the Provision of Emergency Services and Public Assistance during or immediately
after a Disaster in order to Save Lives, Reduce Health Impacts, Ensure Public Safety and meet the Basic Substance
Needs of the People Affected. Disaster Response is predominantly focused on immediate and short-term needs and
is sometimes called “Disaster Relief”.

DIFFERENCE OF DISASTER AND HAZARDS

DISASTER - It is a serious disruption of the functioning of a Community or a Society involving Widespread

Human, Material, Economic or Environmental Losses and Impacts, which exceed the ability of the affected
Community or Society to cope using its own resources. Disasters are often described as a result of the combination
of: the Exposure to Hazards; the Conditions of Vulnerability that are Present; and Insufficient Capacity or
Measures to reduce or cope with the Potential Negative Consequences, Disaster Impacts my include Loss of Life,
Injury, Disease and other Negative Effects on Human, Physical, Mental and Social Well-Being, together with
Damage to Property, Destruction of Assets, Loss of Services, Social and Economic Disruption and Environmental
Degradation.

HAZARDS - It is a Dangerous Phenomenon, Substance, Human activity or Condition that may cause Loss of Life,
Injury, or other Health Impacts, Property Damage, Loss of Livelihood and Services, Social and Economic
Disruption and Environmental Degradation.

WHAT IS THE RELATION OF THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND

MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2010 (REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10121) IN ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS?

An “Organization” consist of individuals that has differences in terms of Code of Conduct and Virtues in
Life. For that reason, it is crucial that an Organization should engage in Ethical Considerations to formulate
Professionalism and a Firm Foundation. In the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management it was
an organization that aims to formulate various options and solution to counteract and be prepared towards
Natural Disaster or Calamities.

In order to attain and achieve these Plan of Actions, Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
should have a Leader that is aware and eager to gain the understanding of the Ethical Considerations in
Leadership and Management; it would guide the actions of the Leader that can also influence the others
(Members of the Organization and Community Leaders).
Under the Ethical Consideration in Leadership and Management is the Moral Decision Making. In our
everyday lives we have encountered things such as Ethical Dilemmas and Issues that requires Moral
Decision Making. As the Leader and Member of the Organization it is essential and ideal to be mindful of
our Actions and Decisions. We have to assess and estimate all of the options and solution including their
consequences.

ETHICAL DILEMMA(S)

According to the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration “PAG-ASA” a
Tropical Storm that turned into a Super Typhoon, was about to strike or landfall at Carmen, Cebu City. You’ve
noticed that the said location was near your area and at the view of your window the Ocean is currently at High
Tide. After 5 Hours the Brgy. Officials had announced an urgent evacuation. However, both of your Parents believe
that your house was sturdy enough to outweigh the Super Typhoon. In this urgent situation, Would you rather be
obedient and respect the decision of your Parents? or Would you talk them out of it and listened to the advice of the
Brgy. Officials to evacuate immediately?

Nurses are often forced to be in a situation which involves the Patient(s) Freedom and Healthcare Professionals
Control. For an instance, a Patient that is a victim of 6.5 Magnitude Earthquake, is rushed through the Emergency
Room with a Punctured Feet and Wounded Extremities. The Patient refuse to use Pain Medication and Antibiotics.
However, the Nurse thinks that the Patient will have a better outcome if she/he use Pain Medication and follow the
advise of his/her Doctor to take Antibiotics. In this circumstances either the Patient(s) Freedom or the control of
the Healthcare Professionals would be a the conflicting solution.