ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

ANTERIOR VIEW

HUMAN HEART

 A muscular organ which pumps blood through the blood

vessels of the circulatory system.
 The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body,
while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide to the
lungs.
 Human heart has four chambers two atria and two ventricles
 The right side of the heart is complety separated from left
side
STRUCTURE OF THE HEART

The heart wall- is composed of three layers of tissue

 Epicardium-also called visceral pericardium is a thin serous membrane

 Myocardium- is composed of cardiac muscle cells and is responsible for
contraction of the heart chambers
 Endocardium- endothelial layer if the myocardial surface

THE FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART INCLUDE:

 Generating blood pressure- contractions of the heart generate blood pressure

which forces the blood through the blood vessels
 Routing blood-the heart separates the pulmonary and systemic circulation,
which ensures the oxygen-rich in blood tissues
 Ensuring one-way blood flow-the valves of the heart ensure one-way flow of the
blood through the heart and blood vessels
 Regulating blood supply- changes the rate and force of heart contraction match
blood flow of the changing metabolic needs of tissues during rest, exercise and
changes in body position

 The right side of the

heart receives blood
from the body and
pumps it to the lungs.

 Left side of the heart

receives blood from the
lungs and pumps it to
the body
 HEART MUSCLES

 Heart is made up of muscles

 Cardiac muscles can carry on contracting regulatory without resting or getting
fatigued
 Contraction is coordinated by conduction system which carries the signal to
contract to the heart

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TnFoJ7Hhi-M
4 CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
RIGHT ATRIUM LEFT ATRIUM
 Receives bloods through the four
 Receives blood from vena cava
pulmonary veins, which drain
 The blood is pumped into blood from the lungs
ventricles when atria contracts
 Most chamber

RIGHT VENTRICLE
 The right ventricle receives
deoxygenated blood from the
right atrium
 Blood is pumped into pulmonary
arteries as the ventricles contract
 Semi lunar valves present ate the
pulmonary arteries
LEFT VENTRICLE
 Collects oxygenated bloods from
left atrium.
 When the left ventricle contract,
blood is pumped into the Aorta
 Contracts more forcefully and
generates a greater blood
pressure than the wall of the
right ventricle

Heart Valves

The one–way flow of the blood the

heart chambers is maintained by heart
valves

TRICUSPID VALVE

 This atrio-ventricular valve

 The valve is made up of three
flaps

BISCUSPID valve (Mitral Valve)

 Protect the opening between

left atrium and left ventricle
 The valve is made up of two
flaps
AORTA

 The largest artery in the body

 It carries oxygenated blood from the left
ventricle to all parts of the body
 Semi lunar valves present at the base of
the
 Aorta prevents the backflow of the
blood

ROUTE OF THE BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jBt5jZSWhMI