cÖfvlK, ‡m›U †hv‡md D”P gva¨wgK we`¨vjq

cÖv³b wkÿK, ‡m›U †MÖMix D”P we`¨vjq

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ cÖYqb I DËicÎ g~j¨vqb †KŠkj

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3.4 ePb
ÔePbÕ GKwU cvwifvwlK kã| Bs‡iwR Number k‡ãi cvwifvwlK iƒc ePb|√eP& avZzi mv‡_ ÔAbÕ cÖZ¨q hy³ n‡q ÔePb = (eP& +
Ab) bvgc`wU MwVZ n‡q‡Q| ms¯‹…Z ÔePbÕ kãwUi eyrcwËMZ mvaviY A_© nj-K_v, evK¨, Dw³, cÖev`-cÖePb BZ¨vw`| †hgb-AšÍi n‡Z
Avnwi ePb, Avb›`‡jvK Kwi weiPb| wKš‘ evsjv e¨vKi‡Y GwU msL¨vevPK kã wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| ZvB GLv‡b ÔePbÕ k‡ãi A_© msL¨vi
aviYv| A_©vr evsjv fvlvq ‡h mg¯Í k‡ãi mvnv‡h¨ †Kvb e¨w³, e¯‘ ev cÖvwYi msL¨vi aviYv cÖKvk cvq Zv‡`i‡K ePb e‡j| we‡kl¨ I
me©bvg c‡`iB †Kej ePb‡f` nq| †hgb-we‡kl¨c‡`i mvnv‡h¨ ePb :- wkÿK > wkÿKe„›`, QvÎ > QvÎiv, e„ÿ > e„ÿivwR|
me©bvgc‡`i mvnv‡h¨ ePb :-Zzwg > ‡Zvgiv, †m > Zviv, Avcwb > Avcbviv BZ¨vw`|
evsjv fvlvq ePb `yB cÖKvi 1| GKePb ( Singular Number)
2| eûePb (Plural Number)
evsjv fvlvq †h mg¯Í k‡ãi mvnv‡h¨ ‡Kvb e¨w³, e¯‘ ev cÖvwYi GKwUgvÎ msL¨vi aviYv cvIqv hvq Zv‡K GKePb e‡j|
mvaviYZ bvg kãwUB GKePb wb‡`©k K‡i| Zvi mv‡_ †Kvb wefw³, cÖZ¨q hy³ Ki‡Z nq bv| †hgb- Ni, gvbyl, †Q‡j| Z‡e KL‡bv
KL‡bv bvg k‡ãi mv‡_ wU, Uv †hvM K‡i GKePb wb‡`©k Kiv nq| †hgb - †Q‡jwU, NiwU BZ¨vw`|

evsjv fvlvq †h mg¯Í k‡ãi mvnv‡h¨ ‡Kvb e¨w³, e¯‘ ev cÖvwYi GKvwaK msL¨vi aviYv cvIqv hvq Zv‡K eûePb e‡j| GK
ePbevPK k‡ãi Av‡M ev c‡i wewfbœ wefw³, cÖZ¨q ev mgwó‡evaK kã †hvM K‡i eûePb Kiv nq| †hgb- (†g‡q + iv) = ‡g‡qiv,
(Kzmyg + `vg) = Kzmyg`vg, (MÖš’ + Avewj) = MÖš’vewj BZ¨vw`| Z‡e evsjv fvlvq hv‡`i msL¨v MYbv Kiv hvq Zv‡`iB ePb‡f` nq|
hv‡`i msL¨v Mbbv Kiv hvq bv †Kej cwigvY wbY©q Kiv hvq Zv‡`i eûePb nq bv| †hgb `ya, cvwb, †Zj BZ¨vw` k‡ãi ePb‡f` nq
bv|

evsjv fvlvq GKePbevPK k‡ãi mv‡_ †hme wefw³ hy³ n‡q eûePb cÖKvk K‡i †m¸‡jv nj- iv, Giv, ¸jv, ¸wj, ¸‡jv, w`M, †`i
BZ¨vw`| Avi †hme kã hy³ n‡q eûePb cÖKvk K‡i †m¸‡jv nj- me, mKj, mgy`q, Kzj, eM©, e„›`, wbPq, ivwk, ivwR, cvj, `vg,
gvjv, Avewj,wbKi BZ¨vw`| GLb †`wL, †Kvb& GKePbevPK k‡ãi mv‡_ †Kvb& wefw³ ev kã hy³ n‡q eûePb K‡i-

†Kej DbœZ cÖvwYevPK k‡ãi †k‡l ÔivÕ wefw³ Ges MY, gÐjx, eM©, e„›` cÖf„wZ mgwó‡evaK kã hy³ K‡i eûePb Kiv nq| †hgb-
iv :- †Q‡j+iv = †Q‡jiv, †g‡q+iv = †g‡qiv, wkÿK+iv = wkÿKiv
eM© :- gwš¿+eM© = gwš¿eM©, cwÐZ+eM© = cwÐZeM©
gÐjx :- wkÿK+gÐjx = wk¶KgÐjx, m¤úv`K+gÐjx = m¤úv`KgÐjx
MY :- Rb+MY = RbMY, ‡`e+MY = †`eMY, bi+MY = biMY
e„›`:- QvÎ+e„›` = QvÎe„›`, myax+e„›` = myaxe„›`, f³+e„›` = f³e„›` BZ¨vw`|
ÔivÕ cwiewZ©Z n‡q KL‡bv KL‡bv ÔGivÕ n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- (gv+iv) = ÔgvivÕ bq gv‡qiv, (wS+iv) = wS‡qiv| Z‡e KweZvq ev Ab¨vb¨
cÖ‡qvR‡b AcÖvwY ev BZi cÖvwYi eûeP‡bI Ôiv/GivÕ e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- Ò Pvq AvKv‡ki bxj, KweZv Pvq Q‡›`i wgj, Avi
Avwg ïay PvB †Zvgv‡KÓ| A_ev GKUv weivU mfv Kij|Õ GLv‡b ÔcvwLÕ I ÔÔKvKÕ G`ywU BZi cÖvwYevPK k‡ãi mv‡_ ÔivÕ wefw³
hy³ nevi K_v bq| wKšÍ KweZvi PiY e‡j †mLv‡b ÔivÕ e‡m †M‡Q|

2| BZi cÖvwY ev Rš‘i eûeP‡b †Kej cvj I h~_ e¨eüZ nq| †hgb- nvwZi cvj, nw¯Í h~_, †Nvovi cvj, Ak¦ h~_, Miæicvj, †Mvh~_|
(* ÔcvjÕ evsjv kã GRb¨ GwU evsjv k‡ãi mv‡_ Avi Ôh~_Õ ms¯‹…Z kã GRb¨ GwU ms¯‹…Z k‡ãi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q eûePb K‡i|)

AcÖvwY ev e¯‘i eûeP‡b g~j k‡ãi ci KZ¸‡jv mgwó‡evaK ms¯‹„Z kã †hgb- ivwk, ivwR, gvjv, `vg, Avewj, wbPq, wbKi, cyÄ,
¸”Q BZ¨vw` †hvM K‡i eûePb Kiv nq| †hgb -
Avewj :- MÖš’+Avewj = MÖš’vewj, cy¯ÍK+Avewj = cy¯ÍKvewj
gvjv :- ce©Z+gvjv = ce©Zgvjv
`vg :- Kymyg+`vg = Kzmyg`vg, ˆkevj+`vg = ˆkevj`vg, cy®ú+`vg = cy®ú`vg
wbPq :- Kzmyg+wbPq = KzmygwbPq
wbKi :- Kgj+wbKi = KgjwbKi