MONOTONICITY

Preface

As you have gone through the theory part that consists of given fundamental principles,
definitions, concepts involved and solved problems. After going through theory part it
becomes necessary to solve the unsolved problems based on the concepts given. To
solve this purpose we are providing exercise part that comprises of various exercises
based on the theory. By solving various kinds of problems you can check your grasp on
the topic and can determine whether you have been able to find optimum depth in relevant
topic or not.

Students are advised to solve the questions of exercises (Levels # 1, 2, 3, 4) in the same
sequence or as directed by the faculty members, religiously and very carefully.

Level # 3 is not for foundation course students, it will be discussed in fresher & target
courses.

The list of exercises is as following :

Total No.of questions in Function are -

Level # 1 ........................................ 48
Level # 2 ........................................ 16
Level # 3 ........................................ 12
Level # 4 ........................................ 16

Total No. of questions......................................................... 92

MONOTONICITY 1
 LEVEL # 1
Q.11 For which value of x, the function
Monotonicity in algebric function
f(x) = x2 –2x is decreasing
Q.1 When x < 0, function f(x) = x2 is
(A) x > 1 (B) x > 2
(A) Decreasing (C) x < 1 (D) x < 2
(B) Increasing
(C) Constant x2
Q.12 Function f(x) = , x  –1 is
(D) Not monotonic x1
Q.2 When x > 1, function f(x) = x3 is (A) Increasing
(A) Increasing (B) Decreasing (B) Decreasing
(C) Constant (D) not monotonic (C) Not monotonic
Q.3 In the interval (0, 1), f(x) = x2 – x + 1 is (D) None of these
(A) Monotonic (B) Not monotonic Q.13 Function f(x) = x3 is
(C) Decreasing (D) Increasing
(A) Increasing in (0, ) and decreasing in (–, 0)
Q.4 f(x) = x + 1/x, x  0 is increasing when
(B) Decreasing in (0, ) and increasing in (–, 0)
(A) | x | < 1 (B) | x | > 1
(C) Decreasing throughout
(C) | x | < 2 (D) | x | > 2
(D) Increasing throughout
| x|
Q.5 The function f(x) = (x  0), x > 0 is Q.14 Function f(x) = x | x | is
x
(A) Decreasing (A) Monotonic increasing
(B) Increasing (B) Monotonic decreasing
(C) Constant function (C) Not monotonic
(D) None of these (D) None of these
Q.6 When x  (0, 1), function f(x) = 1/ x is Q.15 If f and g are two decreasing functions such
(A) Increasing that fog is defined then fog is
(B) Decreasing
(A) Decreasing (B) Increasing
(C) Neither increasing nor decreasing
(C) Can't say (D) None of these
(D) Constant
Q.7 Function f(x) = 3x4 + 7x2 + 3 is Q.16 For the function f(x) = | x |, x > 0 is
(A) Monotonically increasing (A) Decreasing
(B) Monotonically decreasing (B) Increasing
(C) Not monotonic (C) Constant function
(D) Odd function (D) None of these
Q.8 For what values of x, the function Q.17 In the following , monotonic increasing
4
f(x) = x + 2 is monotonically decreasing fucntion is
x
(A) x < 0 (B) x > 2 (A) x + | x | (B) x – | x |
(C) x < 2 (D) 0 < x < 2 (C) | x | (D) x | x |
x 2 x1
Q.9 If f(x) =  for –7  x  7, then f(x) is Q.18 At x = 0, f(x) = is
2 x x2
increasing function of x in the interval (A) Increasing (B) Decreasing
(A) [7, 0] (B) (2, 7] (C) Not monotonic (D) Constant
(C) [–2, 2] (D) [0, 7]
x Q.19 If f(x) = 2x3 – 9x2 + 12x – 6, then in which
Q.10 The function y = 2 decreases in the
1 x interval f(x) is monotonically increasing
interval
(A) (1, 2) (B) (–, 1)
(A) (–, –) (B) (–1, –1)
(C) (2, ) (D) (–, 1) or (2, )
(C) (0, ) (D) (–, –1)

MONOTONICITY 2
Q.20 For the function f(x) = x3 – 6x2 – 36x + 7 Q.28 W hich of the following function is not
which of the following statement is false monotonic
(A) f(x) is decareasing, if –2 < x < 6 (A) ex – e–x (B) ex + e–x
(B) f(x) is increasing, if –3 < x < 5 (C) e–1/x (D) None of these
(C) f(x) is increasing, if x < –2 Q.29 In the following, decreasing function is
(D) f(x) is increasing, if x > 6 1
(A) In x (B)
x 2 | x|
Q.21 In which interval the function f(x) =  , (C) e1/x (D) None of these
2 x
– 6  x  6 ( x  0) is decreasing Q.30 For every value of x of the function
(A) (6, 0) (B) ( –2, 2) 1
f(x) = x is
(C) (2, 6) (D) None of these 5
(A) Decreasing
Q.22 Function f(x) = x2(x –2)2 is
(B) Increasing
(A) Increasing in (0, 1)  (2, )
(C) Neither increasing nor decreasing
(B) Decreasing in (0, 1)  (2, )
(D) Increasing for x > 0 and decreasing for x < 0
(C) Decreasing function
Q.31 The interval in which the function f(x)=xe4–x
(D) Increasing function
decreases is
Q.23 For 0  x  1, the function
(A) (–, 1) (B) (1, )
f(x) = |x| + |x – 1| is
(C) (0, 4) (D) None of these
(A) Monotonically increasing
e2x  1
(B) Monotonically decreasing Q.32 Function is
e2x  1
(C) Constant function (A) Increasing
(D) Identity function (B) Decreasing
Q.24 If f and g are two increasing function such (C) Neither increasing nor decreasing
that fog is defined then fog is (D) Even function
(A) Increasing
Q.33 W hich of the following functions is a
(B) Decreasing monotonic increasing function for all values
(C) Neither increasing nor decreasing of x
(D) None of these (A) sin x (B) cos x
Monotonicity in exponential (C) ex (D) 2–x
function Q.34 W hich of the following function is
monotonically decreasing for all real values
Q.25 Function f(x) = ax is monotonically increasing
if of x
(A) a < 0 (B) a > 0 (A) e–x (B) x2
(C) a < 1 (D) a > 1 (C) tan x (D) | x |
Q.26 The function f(x) = ex, –1  x < 0 is
Monotonicity in logrithmic function
(A) Decreasing
(B) Increasing Q.35 Function f(x) = 2x2 – log x is increasing when
(C) Constant function (A) x  (0, 1/2)
(D) Neither increasing, nor decreasing (B) x  (1/2, )
Q.27 Function f(x) = e–1/x (x > 0) is (C) x  (–1/2, 1/2)
(A) Increasing
(D) x  (–, –1/2)  (1/2, )
(B) Decreasing
(C) Not monotonic Q.36 Function f(x) = x – log x decreasing, when
(D) None of these (A) x  (0, 1) (B) x  (–1, 1)
(C) x  (1, ) (D) None of these

MONOTONICITY 3
Q.37 For x > 0, the function f(x) = log x, x > 0 is- Q.44 The function f(x) = x + cos x is
(A) Decreasing (A) Always monotonocally increasing
(B) Increasing (B) Always monotonocally decreasing
(C) Constant function (C) Increasing for certain range of x
(D) Odd function (D) None of these
logx Q.45 For what value of 'a' the function
Q.38 Function f(x) = is increasing in
x
f(x) = x + cos x – a increases
(A) (1, 2e) (B) (0, e)
(C) (2, 2e) (D) (1/e, 2e) (A) 0 (B) 1
(C) –1 (D) Any value
Q.39 Function f(x) = log sin x is monotonic in
creasing when Q.46 Function f(x) = cot–1 x + x is increasing in-
(A) x (/2, ) (B) x (–/2, 0) (A) (1, ) (B) (–1, )
(C) (–, ) (D) (0, )
(C) x (0, ) (D) x (0, /2)
Q.47 For x > 0, which of the following function
is not monotonic
Monotonicity in trignometric (A) x + | x | (B) ex
function (C) log x (D) sin x
Q.40 Function f(x) = kx + 3 sin x is decreasing if- Q.48 f(x) = x – 3cos x is monotonic increasing if
(A) k < –3 (B) k > –3 (A)  > 3 (B)  > –3
(C) k < 3 (D) k > 3 (C)  < 3 (D)  < –3

Q.41 When   x < 3/2, tan x is

(A) Increasing
(B) Decreasing
(C) Not monotonic
(D) Constant

 sin x  3 cos x
Q.42 Function f(x) = is increasing
2 sin x  6 cos x
when
(A)  < 1 (B)  > 1
(C)  < 2 (D)  > 2
Q.43 The function f(x) = x + sin x is monotonically
increasing for
(A) x > 0 (B) x < 0
(C) All values of x (D) No value of x

MONOTONICITY 4
 LEVEL # 2
Q.1 If f(x) = x5 – 20x3 + 240 x, then f(x) is 2x
Q.10 Function f(x) = log (1 + x) – is
(A) Monotonic increasing everywhere 1 x
(B) Monotonic decreasing only in (0, ) monotonic increasing when
(C) Monotonic decreasing everywhere (A) x < 0 (B) x > 1
(D) Monotonic increasing only in (–, 0) (C) x  R (D) x  R0
x
Q.2 The function y = increases in the interval Q.11 f(x) = 2x – tan–1 x – log (x + 1  x2 ) is
log x
(A) (–, 0) (B) (e, ) monotonic increasing when
(C) (0, ) (D) (–, e)
(A) x > 0 (B) x < 0
Q.3 For x > 0, which of the following statement
(C) x  R (D) x  R0
is true
Q.12 If f'(x) = g(x)(x – )2 where g()  0 and g(x)
(A) x < log (1 + x) (B) x > log (1 + x)
(C) x  log (1 + x) (D) None of these is continuous at x =  then function f(x)

Q.4 The function f(x) = 2log (x – 2) – x2 + 4x + 1 (A) increasing near to  if g() > 0
increases in the interval (B) decreasing near to  if g() > 0
(A) (1, 2) (B) (2, 3) (C) increasing near to  if g() < 0
(C) (–, –1) (D) (2, 4)
(D) increasing near to  for every value of g()
Q.5 If a < 0 then function (eax + e–ax) is monotonic
Q.13 Function cos2 x + cos2 (/3 +x) – cos x cos
decreasing when
(/3 +x) for all real values of x will be
(A) x < 0 (B) x > 0
(C) x > 1 (D) x < 1 (A) Increasing
Q.6 Function f(x) = x100 + sin x – 1 is increasing (B) Constant
in the interval (C) Decreasing
(A) (0, 1) (B) (–/2, /2) (D) None of these
(C) (–1, 1) (D) None of these
Q.14 Let f(x) > 0 and g(x) < 0 for all x  R,
Q.7 In which interval f(x) = 2x2 – log | x|, (x  0)
is monotonically decreasing then-
(A) (–1/2, 1/2) (A) f{g(x)} > f{g(x + 1)}
(B) f{g(x–1)} < f{g(x + 1)}
(B) (–, –1/2)
(C) g{f(x–1)} < g{f(x + 1)}
(C) (–, –1/2)  (0, 1/2) (D) g{f(x)} > g{f(x – 1)}
(D) (–, –1/2)  (1/2, ) Q.15 The interval of increases of the function given
Q.8 If f(x) = x3 – 10x2 + 200x – 10, then f(x) is- by f ( x )  x  e x  tan(2 / 7) is
(A) Decreasing in (–, 10] and increasing in (10, ) (A) (0,) (B) (–0)
(B) Increasing in (–, 10] and decreasing in (10, ) (C) (1, ) (D) None
(C) Increasing for every value of x
Q.16 f ( x )  x 3  ax 2  bx  5 sin 2 x is an increasing
(D) Decreasing for every value of x
function in the set of real numbers if a and
Q.9 If the domain of f(x) = sin x is b satisfy the condition
D = {x : 0  x  }, then f(x) is (A) a 2  3b  15  0 (B) a 2  3b  15  0
(A) Increasing in D (C) a 2  3b  15  0 (D) a  0, b  0
(B) Decreasing in D
(C) Decreasing in [0,/2] and increasing in [/2,]
(D) Neither increasing nor decreasing

MONOTONICITY 5
 LEVEL # 3
Q.1 The function ƒ(x) = cos(  /x) is increasing in Q.5 Statement I : Both sin x and cos x are
the interval - decreasing function in (/2, ).
(A) (2n+1, 2n), n  N Statement II : If a differentiable function
 1  decreasing in an interval (a, b) then it's
(B)  , 2n , n  N derivative also decreases in (a, b).
 2n  1 
Q.6 Statement I : If f(x) and g(x) are
 1 1  monotonically (or strictly) increasing (or
(C)  , , n  N
 2n  2 2n  1 decreasing) functions on [a, b] then gof(x) is
always monotonically (or strictly) incseasing
(D) none of these
function in [a, b].
Q.2 Let y = x 2e–x, then the interval in which y Statement II : If one of the two functions
increases with respect to x is - f(x) and g(x) is strictly (or monotonically)
increasing and other strictly (monotonically)
(A) ( ,  ) (B) (–2, 0)
decreasing, then (gof) (x) is sometimes strictly
(C) (2,  ) (D) (0, 2)
(monotonically) decreasing on [a, b].
Q.3 The function y = x3 – 3x2 + 6x – 17
log(   x )
(A) Increases everywhere Q.7 Statement I : f(x) = log( e  x ) is increasing
(B) Decreases everywhere e 
(C) Increases for positive x and decreses for on  ,  .
 e
negative x
Statement II : x log x is increasing for
(D) Increases for negative x and decreases for x > 1/e.
positive x
Passage :
Q.4 The function ƒ(x) = xx decrease on the interval -
If f(x) = | x – 2| + |x – 4| + |x – 6|
(A) (0, e) (B) (0, 1) On the basis of above information, answer the
(C) (0, 1/e) (D) none of these following questions-
Q.8 Find the set of values of x such that f(x) is in-
creases-
Assertion & Reason Type Question :-
(A) [2, 4] (B) [4,6]
(C) [4, ) (D) None of these
All questions are Assertion & Reason type
Q.9 Find the set of values of x such that f(x) is de-
questions. Each of these questions contains
creases–
two statements : Statement-I (Assertion) and (A) (– ) (B) (– ]
Statement-II (Reason). Answer these ques (C) (– ,6] (D) None of these
tions from the following four option. Q.10 If f(x) is symmetrical about the line x = K, then-
(A) If both Statement- I and Statement- II are (A) K = 2 (B) K = 4
true, and Statement - II is the correct (C) K = 6 (D) None of these
explanation of Statement– I.
Q.11 Find the set of values of x such that f(x) is invert-
(B) If both Statement - I and Statement - II ible–
are true but Statement - II is not the (A) [4, ) (B) ( – , 4]
correct explanation of Statement – I. (C) [2,) (D) (A) & (B) are correct
(C) If Statement - I is true but Statement - Q.12 Find the set of values of a such that equation
II is false. f(x) – a = 0 has no solution-
(D) If Statement - I is false but Statement - (A) [4,5] (B) [2, 4)
II is true. (C) (– , 4) (D) None of these

MONOTONICITY 6
 LEVEL # 4
(Questions asked in Previous AIEEE & IIT-JEE)
x x
SECTION - A Q.4 If f(x) = and g(x) = , where 0 <
sin x tan x
Q.1 A function is matched below against an interval x 1, then in this interval - [IIT 97]
whre it is supposed to be increasing. Which of
(A) Both f(x) and g(x) are increasing func-
the follownig pairs is incorrectly matched ?
tions
[AIEEE-2005]
(B) Both f(x) and g(x) are decreasing function
interval function
(C) f(x) is an increasing function
(1) (–, ) x3 – 3x2 + 3x + 3
(D) g(x) is an increasing function
(2) [2, ) 2x3 – 3x2 – 12x + 6
Q.5 Let h(x) = f(x) – (f(x))2 + (f(x))3 for every real
 1 number x. Then- [IIT 98]
(3)   , 3x2 – 2x + 1
 3 
(A) h is increasing whenever f is increasing
(4) (–, –4] x3 + 6x2 + 6 (B) h is increasing whenever f is decreasing
(C) h is decreasing whenever f is increasing
Q.2 The function f(x) = tan-1
(sinx + cosx) is an (D) nothing can be said in general
increasing function in- [AIEEE 2007]
Q.6 The function f(x) = sin4 x + cos4 x increases
(1) (/4,  /2) if - [IIT Sc. 99]
(2) (–/2,  /4)
(3) (0,  /2)   3
(A) 0 < x < (B) < x <
(4) (–/2,  /2) 8 4 8
SECTION - B 3 5 5 3
(C) < x < (D) < x <
RS
3 x2  12x  1,  1  x  2
8 8 8 4

T
z
Q.1 If f(x) = 37  x , 2  x  3 then f(x) is
Q.7 Let f(x) = e x ( x  1)( x  2) dx . Then f de-
[IIT 93]
(A) Increasing in [ –1, 2] creases in the interval - [IIT Sc. 2000]
(B) Continuous in [–1, 3] (A) (–, –2) (B) ( –2, –1)
(C) Greatest at x = 2 (C) (1, 2) (D) (2, + )
(D) All above correct
Q.8 Consider the following statement S and R -
Q.2 The function f defined by f(x) = (x + 2)e–x is - [IIT Sc. 2000]
[IIT 94,99] S : Both sin x and cos x are decreasing
(A) Decreasing for all x FG  , IJ
(B) Decreasing in (–, –1) and increasing
function in the interval H2 K
(–1, ) R : If a differentiable function decreases in an
(C) Increasing for all x interval (a, b), then its derivative also decreases
(D) Decreasing in (–1, ) and increasing in in (a, b)
(–, –1) Which of the following is true ?
(A) Both S and R are wrong
log(   x) (B) Both S and R are correct, but R is not
Q.3 Function f(x) = is decreasing in
log(e  x) the correct explanation for S
the interval - [IIT 95] (C) S is correct and R is the correct expla
(A) (–, ) (B) (0, ) nation for S
(C) (–, 0) (D) No where (D) S is correct and R is wrong

MONOTONICITY 7
Q.9 Let f (x) = x ex(1 – x),
(A) Increasing on [–1/2, 1]
(B) Decreasing on R
(C) Increasing on R
(D) Decreasing on [–1/2, 1]
then f (x) is - Q.13 Let f(x) = x3 + bx2 + cx + d ; 0 < b2 < c then
[IIT Scr. 2001] f(x)- [IIT Scr. 2004]
(A) is strictly increasing
(B) has local maxima
(C) has local minima
(D) is bounded curve

Q.10 The length of a longest interval in which the   

Q.14 Let the function g : (– )    ,  be
function 3 sin x – 4 sin3 x is increasing, is  2 2
- [IIT Scr. 2002]
(A) /3 (B) /2 
given by g(u) = 2 tan–1 (eu) – . Then g is-
(C) 3/2 (D)  2
(A) even and is strictly increasing in (0, )
Q.11 f(x) = x2 – 2bx + 2c2 & g(x) = – x2 – 2cx + (B) odd and is strictly decreasing in (–)
b2 if the minimum value of f(x) is always
(C) odd and is strictly increasing in (– )
greater than maximum value of g(x) then.
(D) neither even nor odd, but is strictly in
[IIT Scr. 2003]
creasing in (– ) [IIT 2008]
(A) | c |  2 | b | (B) c  2b

(C) c   2b (D) | c |  2 | b |

x2  1
Q.12 Let f(x) = x 2
2
e  t dt , x  (– , ) then the
interval for which f(x) is increasing is
[IIT Scr. 2003]
(A) (,0] (B) [0,  )
(C) [–2, 2) (D) no where

MONOTONICITY 8
 ANSWER KEY
LEVEL # 1
Q.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. A A B B C B C D B D C A D A B B D A D B

Q.No. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Ans. B A C A D B A B C A B A C A B A B B D A

Q.No. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
Ans. A B C A D C D A

LEVEL # 2

Q.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Ans. A B B B A A C C D B C A B A B C

LEVEL # 3

Q.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Ans. D D A C C C D C B B D C

LEVEL # 4
SECTION - A

Q.No. 1 2
Ans. C B

SECTION - B

Q.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Ans. D D B C A B C D A A A A A C

MONOTONICITY 9