KPTCL SR - 28 - 5 - 2019

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ii KARNATAKA POWER TRANSMISSION CORPORATION LIMITED

INDEX

Sl.
Particulars Page No.
No.

1 Corporate Order v

2 Specification for Works vi - xxx

PART - I :
3 1 - 62
Material Portion

PART - II :
4 63 - 110
Labour Charges

PART - III :
5 111 - 130
Transformer Repairs

PART - IV :

6 Abstract of Tower Weights & Tower Foundations, 131 - 200

Station Structures & Mounting Structures

SCHEDULE OF RATES – 2019 iii

Abbreviations used in this document:

Sl.
Symbol Abbreviation
No.

1 Ltr Litre

2 kL Kilo litre

3 km Kilo metre

4 m Metre

5 mm Milli metre

6 Rmtr Running metre

7 MT Metric Tonne

8 Sq mm Milli metre square

9 Sq m Metre square

10 cu m / CMT / Cmtr Cubic metre

11 ckt m Circuit metre

12 ckt km Circuit kilo metre

13 L/s Lumpsum

14 kN Kilo Newton

15 nm Nano metre

16 mA Milli Ampere

iv KARNATAKA POWER TRANSMISSION CORPORATION LIMITED

SCHEDULE OF RATES – 2019 v

SPECIFICATION FOR WORKS

1. SURVEY

Surveying for fixing anchor towers location only, including jungle

clearing for this purpose, hire charges of surveying materials like chain,
theodolite, dumpy level, staff, tanging rods, flags, pegs, etc., and fixing
size stone, bench marks of size 150 x 150 x 400 mm clearly dressed
fixing using concrete of 1:2:4 ratio of fine aggregates sand and cement
of approved specifications, suitably painted with good quality paint
approved by the site Engineer, including transportation and
supervision charges.

a) Preparing of Schedules: Containing PTCC questionnaire, toposheet

extracts with marking and proposed line, SR reports, Tower sketch
etc.,

b) Railway Crossing: Proposal with drawing are inclusive of graph

sheets and other stationary materials, labour etc.,

c) Tree Schedule: Containing the details like name of the tree, girth
size of tree distance from central line of the alignment, approximate
height of the tree etc., complete.

d) Forest Proposal: Inclusive of all works like fixing of stones at every

20 metre in the Centre line and both ends of the corridor, painting
of each tree after chipping, writing the numbers on the tree, taking
girth size of all the trees coming in the corridor at 1.0 m height from
GL, approximate height of the tree and forest clearance Proposals
etc.,

e) Rounding off of small survey works of less than 1 km to 1 km.

2. JUNGLE CLEARANCE FOR DETAILED SURVEY

Jungle clearance for detailed surveying and taking cross sectional

levels, readings to fix up the profile at 20 metre Intervals, drawing route
profile and preparing of tower schedules using sag templates. The cost
includes hire charges for jeep, all surveying instruments, drawing of
vi KARNATAKA POWER TRANSMISSION CORPORATION LIMITED

profile after calculating reduced levels, stationery and office equipments

etc., complete.

3. JUNGLE CLEARANCE FOR STRINGING OF LINES

Jungle clearance for stringing of lines suitable for corridors as

mentioned below for different voltage classes. The rates include clearing
of jungle, bushes, cutting of tree upto 15 cm girth as directed etc.,
complete including disposing off the materials with initial lead upto
50 m and all lifts. For 220 kV, 35 m corridor; for 110 kV, 22 m corridor;
for 66 kV, 18 m corridor and for 33 kV, 15 m corridor is to be taken.

4. EXCAVATION

Earth work for yard levelling, foundation to transmission line towers,

station structures, equipments etc., and removing the excavated earth
to a distance of not more than 50 m and with a lift of 1.5 m.

i) Normal Dry Soil: Soil removed by means of ordinary pick axe and
shovel.

ii) Partially Submerged Soil : Where water rises in the pit upto 0.75 m
below ground level. Ref. IS: 5613 (Part II/Sec.2)1976.

iii) In Fully Submerged Soil : Where sub soil water rises in the pit
within 0.75 m below ground level.

iv) Soft rock/wet black cotton soil Laterite soil / B.C. Soil.

v) Dry Fissured Rock: Ordinary rock comprising of lime stone, sand

stone, hard laterite, fissured rock, or other soft or disintegrated rock
which may be quarried or split with crow bars.

vi) Hard Rock with blasting. Requiring extensive blasting and /or
quarrying methods such as chiselling, wedging or using pneumatic
breakers etc.,

SCHEDULE OF RATES – 2019 vii

5. BACK FILLING

a) Back filling with the excavated earth available near the tower /
station structure / new earth with initial lead of 50 m including
watering and compacting layer by layer of 150 mm depth.

6. FABRICATION OF STATION STRUCTURES

Labour charges for fabrication of ODS (as per approved drawing) made
out or rolled steel section, equipment mounting structures, inclusive of
one coat of good quality red oxide primer. All steel rolled sections shall
be free from any imperfections, mill scales, slag intrusions,
laminations, fillings rust etc., that may impair the strength, durability
and appearance and all members shall be of approved quality.
Galvanizing of structure / tower members shall conform to IS 4759 –
1968 and spring washers shall be galvanized in accordance with IS
1573 – 1970.

Bolts and nuts shall be of GKW make or similar quality shall be used.
All bolts & nuts and washers shall be galvanized in accordance with
ISS: 5358-1969. The depth of the bolt shall be such that the thread
portion will not be extending upto the plane of contact of the member.
The member connected shall bear upon the shank of the bolt and not
on the threaded portion of the bolt. The length of the bolt shall extend
at least 6 mm beyond the nuts when fully tightened.

7. CONCRETING AND CURING

Providing and laying in site vibrated cement concrete of

1:1:5:3/1:2:4/1:4:8/1:3:6 using clean hard graded approved aggregate
(coarse aggregate shall be as per IS:383 latest edition and fine
aggregate as per IS:515) free from organic or clay coating and other
impurities graded sand and Portland cement of approved quality
including cost of all materials machinery. form works, centering,
scaffolding, placing in position, levelling, vibrating, finishing curing and
cleaning etc., for using 40 mm down coarse for 1:4:8 and 20 mm upto

viii KARNATAKA POWER TRANSMISSION CORPORATION LIMITED

10 mm size for 1:1.5:3, 1:2:4 & 1:3:6 concrete and 28 days cube
compression strength as per IS Code and Ordinary Portland cement to
IS:269 and manufactured by reputed factories in India or abroad.

8. ERECTION OF TOWERS

a) Sorting of Tower parts made out of fabricated angle iron supplied.

b) Assembling, step setting and erection of towers including tightening

of bolts and nuts.

c) Riveting of tower bolt ends by heating oxy- acetylene gas and

hammering to destroy treads so as to make the tower members theft
proof. (bolts and nodal points only to be selected and riveted upto a
height of 14/15 metre as per the direction of field Engineers).

9. SUPPLYING AND FIXING OF AC DEVICES

Supplying and fixing G.L. angle iron 45 x 45 x 5 mm (1 m length) with

cleats. Bolt & nuts as per specification and fixing above 0.5 m length
each at inner and outer surface of the tower to facilitate running of
barbed wire.

10. FIXIGN OF NAME PLATE, DANGER BOARDS, NUMBER PLATES,

PHASE PLATES/TOWER MANUFACTURED AS PER APPROVED
DRAWING.

11. STRINGING OF CONDUCTORS

Hoisting and fixing insulator strings, armor rods, vibration dampers,

paving, jointing, terminating, inclusive of labour, T&P like come along,
wire ropes, pulleys, rollers, suspension clamps, compression joints,
drum stands, manila ropes, truck, jeep etc.,

12. GROUDING OF TOWERS

a) Grounding of towers, including cost of 40 mm class ‘B’ G.I. Pipe of

3 m length as per specification with 50 mm x 6 mm G.I, Flat, salt
and charcoal.
SCHEDULE OF RATES – 2019 ix

b) Counter Poise Earthing: Counter poise earth consists of 4 lengths of

galvanized steel stranded wires, each fitted/crimped with a lug for
connection to the tower leg at on end. The wires are connected to
each of the legs and taken radially away from the tower and
embedded horizontally 450 mm below ground level. The length of
each wire is normally minimum distance of 15m, but may be
increased if the safe permissible resistance is not achieved. The size
of the galvanized steel standard wire may be taken equal to the size
of the earth conductor.

13. ERECTION, ASSEMBLY AND ALIGNMENT OF O.D.S STRUCTURE

The ODS shall be erected on foundation not less than 14 days after
concreting or till such time concrete acquiring strength, either by build
up method or section method, positioning, levelling, aligning, plumbing
or column/ masks shall be done as approved by KPTCL., site Engineer,

No. cutting of section flanges, webs, cleats shall be done after

specification are approved by the Board.

Erection, alignment assembly of fabricated steel lattice structure made

out of galvanized MS angles and mounting structure, pedestal
structures or CTs, PTs and LAs. All T&P consumable materials shall be
arranged by the contractor, such as crane, special tools etc.,

14. ERECTION OF TRANSFORMERS

a) Fabrication of Transformer Railing and embedding in Transformer

plinth: Formation of rail track with gauge 1676 mm/2982 mm, as
the case may be, using 90 Lbs rails: providing spacers of
50 x 50 x 6 mm angle iron, at intervals of 1 m, duly welded at the
bottom portion of rails. The track shall be embedded in the plinth as
per the approved drawing.

b) Assembly of loose parts supplied separately. All components

dispatched separately shall be cleaned, filling of transformer oil/hot
oil circulation for heat run.
x KARNATAKA POWER TRANSMISSION CORPORATION LIMITED

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c) Wiring, testing, commissioning and wiring of various alarm trip

contacts, fan motors. Pump motor and other apparatus and earthing
of neutrals.

d) Pre commissioning test like checking of ratio, polarity, phase

relationship, resistance measurement of winding insulation
resistance, magnetizing current, iron losses, tap changer, Buccholtz
relay test, checking magnetic oil level gauges, temperature
indicators, fans and pumps. Wiring of marshalling box, testing of oil,
general inspection and any other test that is required.

15. ERECTION OF BREAKERS

a) Erection assembly, alignment, Interpol wiring of breaker and wiring

of breaker to connect with related equipment’s.

b) Testing and commissioning.

16. ERECTION OF CTS AND PTS

a) Erection of CTs and PTs with ground connection and wiring

b) Testing and commissioning.

c) Erection of NCTs with the ground connection and wiring.

d) Testing and commissioning.

17. ERECTION OF ISOLATORS

a) Assembly, alignment with ground connection and wiring

i) Upright

ii) Under hung

b) Testing and Commissioning

i) Upright

ii) Under hung

SCHEDULE OF RATES – 2019 xi

18. ERECTION OF LIGHTNING ARRESTORS

Erection as per approved drawing.

19. FIXING OF H.T. FUSE UNITS FOR POWER TRANSFOMRERS

Hoisting, erection, assembling the fuse units at the desired level on the
designated structures, levelling, aligning and checking for smooth
operation.

20. FIXING OF PEDSTAL INSULATORS

Hoisting & fixing of pedestal/post insulators/solid core insulators on

steel / RCC Supports and formation of stacks as per design.

21. BUSBAR FORMATION

a) Main bus (all the three phases) using falcon / drake / lynx / coyote
/ double conductors with fixing of insulators having required height
above equipment, including providing jumps to inter connect
different segment of the main bus.

b) Cross bus: Stringing of cross busses made up of conductors with

the use of suitable disc insulator strings of appropriate voltage class
insulator, hardware and providing jump connection to the isolator
breakers, CTs, outdoor PLCC equipment’s, capacitor banks after
installation of these equipments.

c) Rigid bus: Cutting the tubular bus bars of required size as per
drawing installation of main bus, aligning bus post insulator stacks
with clamps making V-taps, straight line taps, expansion joints,
bus inserts. Welding aluminium tubes by using pure argon gas with
shielding from wind and dust. The welding process to be carried out
at the rate of 15-20cm/minute washing with hot water after welding
and radiographic testing of joints including cost of gas and all
equipments required The weld shall have average strength from
120-155 kg/Sq cm.

xii KARNATAKA POWER TRANSMISSION CORPORATION LIMITED

22. EARTH MAT WORKS

A) The work shall be carried out as per the detailed standard

specification for earthing works in a sub-station.

The Scope of work includes the following:

1) Excavation for laying earthmat & back filling after laying the
earthmat.

2) Laying of earthmat duly interleaving, welding and treatment of

welded portion by ACB paint.

3) Providing 1 metre M.S. rod of 25 mm dia along the peripheral

earthmat conductor.

4) Providing CI pipe/Deep bore electrodes as per specification.

5) Providing earthing connection from equipment to earthmat / C.I.

Pipe / Deep bore electrode.

6) Providing earthing connection from switchgear panel, control, room

11kV outgoing feeders (if provided) to C.I. Pipe and to earthmat.

7) Providing earthing for station fencing separately.

8) Spreading of Jelly in the yard as per design requirement.

9) The chemical treatment with Sodium based bentonite wherever

suggested shall be carried out as per the detailed standard
specifications.

10) Providing 450 mm dia Hume pipe collar for all electrodes in the
earthmat area and labelling.

B) Method of application of Sodium Bentonite for Earth Electrodes

/ Earthmat Conductors.

I. Quantity

1. Density=1

2. Swell Index by volume ≥ 8.

SCHEDULE OF RATES – 2019 xiii

3. Ph value to be between 8 and 10.

4. Resistivity ≤ 10 ohm-metre.

With the above minimum parameters, the requirement of dry

Bentonite for a treatment volume of One cubic meter will be
125 kg.

Based on the above, the requirement of dry Bentonite for

electrodes and earthmat conductors will be:

Sl. Requirement of
Type of Electrode
No. dry Bentonite
1 Cast Iron Pipe electrode of
100 mm Id. 13 mm thick,
275 m long as per IS- 45 kg per
3040-1987 for a treatment electrode.
of 150 mm all-round the
electrode.
2 M.S.Flat conductor of
earthmat in sub-station for 9 Kg per running
a treatment of 150mm metre.
alround the MS Flat
conductor.

Note: The random samples of Bentonite shall be got tested for

suitability for earthing at any NABL accredited lab before use.

II Application:

a) Preparation of slurry:
The slurry shall be prepared in the following proportion.

1 kg of dry Bentonite + 200 gm of common Salt + 8 Litres of

ordinary tap water.

xiv KARNATAKA POWER TRANSMISSION CORPORATION LIMITED

This ratio shall be maintained for the entire requirement of

treatment volume.

This slurry shall be poured around the electrode/earthmat

conductor immediately after preparation of slurry & using
suitable formers.

To obtain good contact between soil and the electrode, the slurry
must be allowed to swell around the electrode/earthmat
conductor. This can be achieved only when the slurry is poured
around the electrode immediately after the slurry is prepared.

b) Treatment for pipe electrode.

i) Former for pipe electrode.

A cylindrical former may be formed using sheet steel with
338 mm dia for Galvanized pipe electrode and 426 mm dia for
Cast iron pipe electrode.

At the top of cylindrical former, two hooks shall be provided at

diametrically opposite ends & a sling attached to these hooks for
pulling of the cylindrical former after treatment.

The height of cylindrical former may be kept at around 90cm. If

the height is increased further, there may be difficulty in pulling
the former of the treatment.

ii) Application of Slurry

First the cylindrical former is placed around the pipe electrode

at the bottom. The slurry immediately after preparation is to be
poured in the annular space between the pipe electrode and
cylindrical former.

The annular space between cylindrical former and the earth pit
shall be back filled with normal soil up to the height of the
cylindrical former.

SCHEDULE OF RATES – 2019 xv

Next, the cylindrical former is pulled up after 2 to 3 hrs so that

the bottom of the cylindrical former is at the top of the first
filling.

Process as above is repeated for the entire length of the pipe

electrode.

c) Treatment for earthmat conductor:

i) Former for earthmat conductor.

Two parallel sheet steel plates of 300 mm height and 3 m

length shall be formed duly welding MS Rods of 350 mm
length at the top of the plates at 1 m spacing to maintain
350 mm distance between the plates.

Hooks shall be provided to the plates for pulling the plate

former after treatment.

ii) Application of Slurry.

The MS Flat earthmat conductor shall be raised 150 mm

above the bottom of the trench by suitably placing small
brick pieces along the length of the MS Flat.

The plate former shall be placed in the trench along the MS

Flat so that the plates are equidistant from the MS Flat.

The slurry shall be poured immediately after preparation

into the plate former (There may be need to block the ends of
the plate former to retain the slurry).

The space between plates and trench shall be back filled

with normal soil up to the height of the plates.

The plate former and end blocks may be removed by pulling

up after 2 to 3 hrs, former placed for the next length of the
MS Flat.

xvi KARNATAKA POWER TRANSMISSION CORPORATION LIMITED

C) Laying of Earthmat:

1. Earthmat shall be laid for the entire area as per earthmat

drawing, even though only one transformer is installed in the
first phase.

2. While installing the earthmat, the Rows and Columns shall be

interleaved like a woven mat to obtain better mechanical
strength and electrical continuity.

3. MS Flat of the designed cross section shall be laid at the

designed depth and spacing duly straightening and removing
any bends.

4. As the standard length of flats available in the market are

around 6 metre in length. For continuous running of earthmat,
straight joints are required. When such straight joints are made,
a minimum overlap equal to the width of the flat shall be
maintained.

5. The overlap portion shall be welded on all four sides by

continuous welding. To facilitate welding on all four sides.
Welding work shall be done on the natural ground surface and
then laid in the trench.

6. A thick 2 coats of Anti-corrosive bituminous paint shall be

applied at the welded joints duly removing the deposited weld,
flux and any burrs.

7. After laying the flats in the trench and interleaving all the
perpendicular crossings of flats shall be welded and applied a
thick coat of ACB paint as above.

The ACB paint shall be applied only to the welded portion.

8. Projects of flat at the periphery of the earthmat should be
avoided and the overlap shall be in flush with the edge of the
peripheral flat of earthmat. At these joints, the welding shall be
continuous on all the three sides.

SCHEDULE OF RATES – 2019 xvii

9. The peripheral MS round rod of 25 mm dia shall be driven into

the ground at locations shown in the earthmat drawing. Before
driving these rods, the top 50 mm portion of the rod shall be
flattened and bent & then welded properly to the MS Flat of
earthmat firmly. The other end of the rod shall be sharpened for
easy driving.

10. When hard soils such as fissured rock/Gravel/Laterite etc., are

encountered at the sub-station site during excavation for laying
the earthmat and chemical treatment with Sodium bentonite
clay is not suggested in the design, soft soil or tank clay shall be
used for back filling the trenches of earthmat to a height of
0.3 m. This helps in getting good compactness around earthmat
conductors and improvement in metal/soil contact.

11. When the substation yard is terraced i.e., at different levels. It

shall be ensured that the earthmat is continuous and
interconnection of earthmat is made firmly between different
levels.

12. The transformer plinth, Control room and outdoor switch shall
be surrounded by MS Flat of designed cross section at the
designed depth and the earthmat conductor shall be terminated
at the surrounding MS Flat by welding.

13. The earthmat shall be run below the concrete cable duct,
wherever the mat encounters cable duct path.

14. When structures come in the way of earthmat conductor, one or

two conductors may be slightly shifted. However, the designed
spacing must be maintained for other earthmat conductors.

D) EARTH CONNECTIONS:

1) All earth connections from equipment/cast iron pipe electrode to

the earthmat shall be made using Galvanised Iron Flats of cross
section equal to the MS Flat of earthmat. All earth connections
are to be made only by welding. Suitable laps and bends shall be
xviii KARNATAKA POWER TRANSMISSION CORPORATION LIMITED

formed while making earth connections from equipment to the

earthmat.

2) POWER TRANFORMER NEUTRAL :

Two distinct continuous earth conductors (Galvanized Iron Flats
without any joints as far as possible) shall be run in opposite
directions from the power transformer neutral to the cast iron
pipe electrode provided for the purpose by welding. Further,
these cast iron pipe electrodes shall be connected to the
earthmat by welding using Galvanized Iron Flats. If a joint is
unavoidable in the neutral earth connection, then the joint shall
be made above the ground level so that it is visible for
inspection.

3) LIGHTNING ARRESTERS:
Each phase of the lightning arrester base plate shall be
connected to the cast iron pipe electrode provided for that
individual phase by running Galvanised Iron Flat from the base
plate. The cast iron pipe in turn shall be connected to the
earthmat by welding using Galvanised Iron Flat.

A flexible braided earth bond connection shall be made firmly

between the base terminal and the Galvanized Iron Flat. The
length of the earth connection shall be as minimum as
practicable.

4) LIGHTNING MAST:
The earth conductor from the top of the Mast shall be run up to
the earthmat & welded.

5) SWITCHGEAR:
A minimum of two cast iron pipe electrodes are to be provided at
both ends of the switch gear. A separate earth bus of Galvanised
Iron Flat shall be run along the switch gear on the power cable
entry side & cable sheath earths shall be connected to this bus,

SCHEDULE OF RATES – 2019 xix

which in turn should be connected to the earthmat through the

cast iron pipe electrodes.

6) CONTROL ROOM
A Minimum of two cast iron pipe electrodes are to be provided
around the control room. The control panel earth bus shall be
connected to earthmat through the CI Pipe electrodes provided
as above.

The control panel body & earth points shall be connected to the
control panel earth bus.

7) NON CURRENT CARRYING METAL PARTS:

All non-current carrying metal parts such as transformer body,
Circuit breaker body, Current transformer body, Outdoor
structure & Isolator structure are to be directly connected to the
earthmat using Galvanised Iron Flats with two distinct
connections run in opposite directions. For the isolator
structure, a GI Flat shall be run from the mounting pedestal
channel duly welding the 3 channels to the GI Flat connected to
the earth running down to the earthmat. The operating handles
of isolators are to be connected to the earth conductors
(Galvanised Iron Flat) using braided earth bonds.

E) POWER CABLES(11kV Class):

1. THREE CORE CABLES

The sheath of the cables are to be directly connected to the
earthmat at their terminations and joints i.e., at both switch
gear and terminating pot heads.

2. Single Core Cables

Sheaths of single core cable shall be earthed at only one end,
preferably transformer end. By running a Galvanised Iron flat
from the pot head structure at the top to the earthmat and
connecting the cable sheath to this Galvanised Iron Flat firmly.

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Wooden clamps are to be provided for Single core cable in the

supporting structure and metal clamps shall be avoided.

F) OUT GOING 11KV FEEDERS

1) WHEN THE FEEDERS ARE ERECTED WITHIN THE SUBSTATION

FENCE:

The pot head cable sheath is to be earthed and connected to the

earthmat through independent cast iron pipe electrode by running
designed size as per R&D approved EMD. Galvanized Iron Flat from
top of the structure upto the CI pipe electrodes. In turn, these CI
electrodes are to be connected to the earthmat. All these
connections shall be made by welding. Further, the cross braces at
the top of the structure provided for line take off and GOS mounting
frame shall also be connected to this GI flat by welding.

2) WHEN THE FEEDERS ARE ERECTED WITHIN THE SUBSTATION

FENCE:

The cable sheath of the pot head shall be connected to CI pipe

electrode of the feeder as mentioned in clause F(1) above.

Further, a MS flat of minimum size 50x6mm shall be run at a depth

of 0.9 m near the CI electrodes provided for the feeders and these
electrodes shall be connected to the MS flat so buried by welding
using Galvanised Steel Flats.

The feeder earth system shall not be connected to the station

earthmat and should always be isolated from the station earth.

G) SUBSTATION FENCING:

a) Fence earthing shall be isolated from the main earthing of the

substation. The substation fence and fence earthing shall be
provided at a distance of minimum 1.5 m away from the edge of the
substation earthmat along the periphery.

SCHEDULE OF RATES – 2019 xxi

b) A separate earthing conductor of minimum size 50 x 6 mm MS Flat

should be run along the perimeter of the fence at a depth of 0.9 m
below the ground surface. The perimeter fence is to be connected to
this MS Flat through independent vertical electrodes (CI Pipe
Electrodes) using Galvanised Iron Flat of minimum size 50 x 6 mm.
The connections are to be made by welding. When chain
link/barbed wire fence is provided, two flats shall be welded on
either side of the fence vertically abutting the fence and these flats
are to be welded to the flat run below the ground through the CI
pipe electrode.

c) The metal gate and the fence shall be firmly bonded.

d) The CI pipe electrodes shall be provided at corners and mid points

of the fence if the perimeter is more than 200 m. Otherwise CI pipe
electrodes may be provided only at the corners or midpoints.

e) The fence earth and station earthmat shall not have any electrical
tie and should be physically separate.

H) CRUSHED ROCK SURFACE LAYER:

20/25 mm metal (Baby granite jelly) to a height of 100 mm shall be

provided over the area as mentioned in the Design.

I) SEPARATION BETWEEN CAST IRON PIPE ELECTRODES:

1. The separation between any two CI pipe electrodes in the substation

yard has to be maintained equal to twice the length of CI pipe
electrodes. This is very important due to the fact that close
electrodes experience an increase in their earth resistance due to
mutual interference. It shall be ensured that the CI pipe electrodes
are uncoated. Refer sketch in this book for general arrangement of
CI pipe electrodes.