ANSWERS

SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 6

2-
1. (a) N2 in both cases 14. (b) S2O4 < SO32- < S2O62-
∆ +3 +4 +5
(NH4 )2Cr2O7 → N2 ↑ +4H2O + Cr2O3
S2O24 − < SO23 − < S2O62 −
∆
Ba(N3 )2 → Ba + 3N2 ↑
   15. (c) gluconic acid
2. (b) They are good conductors of electricity as the 2 2 Br /H O
electrons are delocalised in the bonds CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO → CH2OH(CHOH)4 ⋅ COOH
[O] Gluconic acid
Molecular crystals are bad conductors of electricity
as the electrons are localised in the bonds. 16. (d) 4-Bromobut-1-ene
- Allylic halides are those compounds in which the
3. (a) 1.78 × 10 3
halogen atoms is bonded to an sp3-hybridised carbon
According to Henry’s law, p = KHx atom next to carbon-carbon double bond.
p 760 17. (d) o-BrC6H4CH(CH3)CH2CH3:
x= = = 1.78 × 10−3
K H 4.27 × 105 2- Bromo-1-methylpropylbenzene

4. (d) Octahedral voids are formed when the triangular

voids in second layer exactly overlap with similar Br
voids in the first layer
Octahedral sites are created by overlapping HC CH2CH3
two equilateral triangles with apices in opposite
directions. CH3
Br 1-Bromo-2-1-methylpropyl benzene [correct name]
18. (c) C
CH CH2CH3 19. (c) m, x
20. (b) highest reduction potential
5. (a) 21. (c) It is present in furanose forms
Glucose is present in pyranose form (six membered
cyclic structure).
OH
22. (b) MnO2 and Ca(OCl)2
6. (c) Cn(H2O)n
The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)n, MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl 2 + 2H2O + Cl 2
Black (conc.) Greenish-Yellow
where n is an integer. powder gas
7. (c) Lower members are insoluble in water and organic
solvents but the solubility regularly increases with Cl2 + H2O → 2HCl + [O]
molecular mass Coloured matter + [O] → Colourless matter
8. (c) it does not support combustion
2Ca(OH)2 + 2Cl 2 → Ca(OCl )2 + CaCl 2 + 2 H2O
N2 does not support combustion and thus, it is filled Slaked Bleaching powder
in electric bulbs lime ( white)

9. (a) Heating with dilute H2SO4

23. (a) conc. HCl/anhydrous ZnCl2
-
10. (a) NaCl type - Cl ions in ccp structure
+ CH3 CH3
Na ions in half octahedral holes
- +  
In NaCl type, Cl ions form ccp structures while Na conc. HCl
H3C  C  OH 
ZnCl2
→ H3
C  C  Cl
ions are present in all octahedral voids.  
11. (a) presence of two —NO2 groups in the ring makes CH3 CH3
t −butyl alcohol t −butyl chloride
2, 4-dinitrophenol a stronger acid than phenol.
12. (a) Mole fraction 24. (a) HCIO < HCIO2 < HCI03 < HCI04
13. (d) (iv) > (iii) > (i) > (ii) Acidic strength of oxoacids of a particular halogen
atom increases with increase in oxidation number,
Presence of electron withdrawing groups such as
thus the order of acidic strength is
nitro group enhances the acidic strength of phenol
+1 +3 +5 +7
and the presence of electron releasing groups such
HClO < HClO2 < HClO3 < HClO4
as alkyl group decreases the acidic strength of
phenol. 25. (d) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
2 | amadhaan CHEMISTRY Class XII | Term-1
26. (c) (xA)liquid < (xA)vapour as branching increases. So the decreasing order of
boiling point is
As A is more volatile vapour phase would be richer in
CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl > CH3CH2CH2Cl >
A. Hence
CH3CH(CH3)CH2Cl > (CH3)3 CCl.
(xA)liquid < (xA)vapour
34. (c) 4
CH3 35. (c) solute molecules to the total number of molecules
 in solution
27. (d) CH3CH2  C  OH p0 − ps n2
 =
CH3 p0 n1 + n2

3° alcohols being most reactive, react with conc. HCl 36. (d) Glycogen
at room temperature. Glycogen is stored in the liver of animals.
37. (c) 0.20
28. (b) XX′ bond is weaker than XX or X′X′ bonds
38. (c) some lattice sites are vacant
Since dissimilar halogens are combined in
Schottky defect arises due to missing of equal
interhalogen compounds hence the bond between
number of atoms or ions (cation and anion) from
them (XX′ bond) is weaker than homoatomic
their normal lattice point or site.
halogen (XX or X′X′ bonds).
39. (a) N2O3
29. (d) Glutamic acid
2HNO2 → N2O3 + H2O
Amino acids which contain one NH2 group and two
COOH groups are called acidic amino acid. 40. (a) CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3
NH2 conc.
CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 
H SO
→ CH3CH==CHCH3
2 4
HOOCCH2CH2CH ( ) (Y )
(Glutamic acid) COOH CH3 H CH3 CH3
30. (b) 2-Methyl-2-propanol C==C C==C
The tertiary carbocation formed during dehydration H CH3 H H
of 2-methyl-2-propanol is most stable. trans −isomer cis −isomer

CH3 CH3 41. (b) o-nitrophenol

  + Phenol is less acidic than o-nitrophenol as electron
H+ − Η 2O
CH3  C  OH 
protonation
→ CH3  C  OH2  withdrawing (–NO2) group increases the acidity of
  phenols while electron donating groups (–CH3, –
CH3 CH3 OCH3)decrease the acidity of phenols. Phenols are
ȌȌȌȌȌȌȌȌȌ
more acidic than alcohols.
CH3 +
42. (d) Pb2

43. (c) (ii) < (iii) < (i)
CH3  C+ The order of stability of benzyl carbocations is:

CH3 + + +
CH2 > Cl CH2 > O 2N CH2
(3° carbocation, most stable)

The electron withdrawing effect of –NO2 group is

31. (c) XeOF4 + SiF4
greater than that of –Cl group.
2XeF6 + SiO2 → 2XeOF4 + SiF4 Thus, the correct increasing order of reactivity with
32. (b) 248.5 pm HBr/HCl is : (ii) < (iii) < (i).
44. (d) neo-Hexyl chloride
Z ×M
d= CH3
a3 × NA

Z ×M 4 × 58.5 H3C  C  CH2  CH2Cl
a3 = = 
d × N A 3.165 × 6.023 × 1023 CH3
- ( 1° halide)
a3 = 122.77 × 10 24 cm3
-8 45. (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct
a = 4.97 × 10 cm or 497 pm
explanation of A
+ - a 497 Nitrogen cannot expand its octet due to the non-
Distance between Na and Cl = = = 248.5 pm
2 2 availability of d-orbital.
46. (c) A is true but R is false.
33. (b) CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl
Aryl halides cannot be prepared by replacing hydroxyl
For the same halogen, boiling point of alkyl halide group of phenols because the carbon oxygen bond in
decreases as the size of the alkyl group decreases. phenols has a partial double bond character and is
For isomeric alkyl halides, boiling point decreases difficult to break being stronger than a single bond.
 Answers | 3
47. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct 53. (a) 8, 6
explanation of A r (Rb+ ) 148
48. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct = = 0.76 (CN
. .8 above 0.732)
−
r (Br ) 195
explanation of A
49. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct r (K + ) 137
explanation of A = = 0.702 (C.N. 6 between 0.414 - 0.732)
r (Br )− 195
50. (b) α-helix and β-pleated sheet structures
Due to regular folding of backbone of the peptide 54. (a) 6
chain, two most common secondary structures of r+ r (Na+ ) 95
proteins are α-helix and β-pleated structures. In = = = 0.524
r− r (Cl − ) 181
α-helix, all H-bonds are formed by twisting the chain
into a right handed helix. In β-pleated, all peptide Th`e radius ratio lies between 0.414 - 0.732
chains are stretched to maximum extension and then +
Hence, Na ions prefer to occupy octahedral holes
laid side by side and connected by hydrogen bonds. having coordination number 6.
51. (c) (A) → (iii), (B) → (iv), (C) → (ii),  (D) → (i)
55. (c) When coordination number is eight, r+/r- ratio lies
52. (c)  Most naturally occurring amino acids have between 0.225 to 0.414.
D-configuration
When coordination number is 8, r+/r- ratio lies
Most naturally occurring amino acids have
L-configuration. between 0.732-1.

SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 7

1. (a) due to absence of d-orbitals in nitrogen 8. (b) Nitrous oxide
2. (a) in molten state, free ions are furnished which are 250°C
NH4NO3 
→N2O + 2H2O
not free to move in solid state
Ionic solids conduct electricity in molten state since 9. (c) tertiary alcohol
in molten state ionic solids dissociate to give free
ions which in solid state are not free to move and 10. (c) 32
are held together by strong electrostatic forces of Packing efficiency (i.e., space occupied) for bcc is
attraction. 68%
3. (b) positive deviation from Raoult’s law ∴ % of empty space = 100 - 68 = 32%.
4. (c) Cu4Ag3Au 11. (d) All of these
ccp lattice consists of four atoms per unit cell. 12. (b) Henry’s law
Thus, number of copper atoms per unit cell = 4 (ccp)
13. (b) HI > HBr > HCl
1
Number of silver atoms per unit cell = × 12 = 3
4 14. (d) H2Te < H2Se < H2S < H20
(edge centre) There is a decrease in bond enthalpy (H  E) as
Number of gold atoms per unit cell = 1 the size of the element increases on moving down
Thus, formula of the compound = Cu4Ag3Au. the group hence, the stability decreases on moving
5. (d) p-Dichlorobenzene down the group.
p-isomer is symmetrical hence closely packed due 15. (b) glycogen
to which it shows higher melting point than o-and
m-isomers. Glycogen is the reserve carbohydrate occurring mainly
in the liver.
6. (c) ribose sugar and uracil in RNA
RNA contains ribose sugar and uracil while DNA 16. (d) (i)-primary, (ii)-secondary, (iii)-tertiary
contains deoxyribose sugar and thymine. 17. (a) 2-chloro-2-methylpropane
7. (c) 2-methylpropan-2-ol
1 CH
[O] 3
CH3  CH  CH3 
→ 
 H3C 2 C  Cl
OH 
(X ) 3
CH3
CH3 IUPACName : 2 −Chloro − 2 −methylpropane

CH3MgBr 18. (c) XeF2 is a powerful reducing agent
CH3COCH3 → CH3  C  OH
H+ /H2O
(Y )  XeF2 is an oxidising agent.
CH3
ȌȌȌȌȌȌȌȌȌ
19. (c) Ar < CO2 < CH4 < HCHO
(Z ) 20. (d) Cl207 > S02 > P4O10
4 | amadhaan CHEMISTRY Class XII | Term-1
21. (b) tyrosine 38. (a)
H2C CH2

H2C CHCOOH
NH
Proline

HO CH2CH(NH2)COOH

Tyrosine
39. (b) sp2
(CH3)2CHCH(NH2)COOH
Valine 40. (a) (CH3 )2 C==CHCH3
NH2 41. (c) II, III
HO CH2 CH 42. (c) Argon
COOH 43. (c) tertiary alcohol
Serine
Cu
22. (d) In cyclo-S6 molecule, the ring adopts chair form RȌȌȌ
2
→
∆
R
23. (b) CH3OH > C2H5OH > (CH3)2CHOH > (CH3)3COH 1°− alcohol Aldehyde

24. (b) HClO < HCl02 < HCl03 < HCl04 OH O

 
25. (b) (i) and (ii) Cu
R  CH  R →
∆
R  C R
2°− alcohol Ketone
(iii) and (iv) will form ideal solutions hence do not
form azeotropes. Azeotropes have same composition CH3 CH3
in liquid and vapour form when distilled.  
Cu
26. (d) composition, positive, negative, ideal CH3  C  OH →
∆
CH3
 C== CH2
 Alkene
27. (a) Cl2/UV light CH3
Direct chlorination of alkanes takes place in presence 3°− alcohol

of sunlight (UV light). 44. (a) The reaction proceeds via, SN2 mechanism hence
28. (a) I > II > III inversion of configuration takes place.
29. (c) There are 20 essential amino acids Inversion of configuration take place in SN2
There are 10 essential and 10 non-essential amino acids. mechanism.
30. (d) benzyl alcohol. 45. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
CH3 CH2Cl CH2OH explanation of A.
46. (c) A is true but R is false.
UV light aq. NaOH Allyl halides are the compounds in which the halogen
+ Cl2 3
atom is bonded to an sp hybridised carbon atom
hydrolysis
next to carbon-carbon double bond.
Toluene Toluene Benzyl alcohol 47. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
31. (d) octaatomic. explanation of A.
Sulphur is S8 molecule hence it is octaatomic. 48. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
32. (a) 128 pm explanation of A.
33. (b) Swarts reaction 49. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
CH3Br + AgF → CH3F + AgBr explanation of A.
This reaction is known as Swarts reaction. 50. (a) nucleotide
34. (a) Xe atom has large size and lower ionisation When nucleoside (a unit formed by attachment of a
base to sugar) is linked to phosphoric acid, the unit
potential as compared to other noble gases
formed is called nucleotide.
35. (a) A–B interactions are stronger than A–A and B–B
interactions. O
Base
Since the new interactions (A–B) are stronger than –
O P O CH2
(A–A) and (B–B) interactions, the solution shows
O
negative deviation, i.e. less vapour pressure and O–
hence higher boiling point.
36. (c) hydrogen bonds
Polypeptide chains in fibrous proteins are held Sugar
together by disulphide and hydrogen bonds.
51. (d) A. → (iii), B. → (ii),   C. → (i),    D. → (iv)
37. (c) 2.5
52. (b) 2° and 3° structures are destroyed but 1° structure
∆Tb 1 5
DTb = Kb × m or Kb = = = = 2. 5 remains intact.
m 1 1000 2 During denaturation of proteins, 2° and 3° structures
×
50 50 are destroyed but primary structure remains intact.
 Answers | 5
53. (c) It represents structure of triclinic crystal system as,
(A) KNO3 — Orthorhombic a ≠ b ≠ c and a ≠ b ≠ g ≠ 90°
(B) CaCO3 — Trigonal Whereas, the structures in option (b), (c) and (d)
(C) CaSO4 — Tetragonal represents end-centered, body–centered and face-
centered cubic system.
(D) CuSO4. 5H2O — Triclinic
55. (b)a = b = g = 90°

54. (a) Orthorhombic crystal has three unequal axis which are
γ
c at right angle to each other a ≠ b ≠ c, all angles = 90°
α So, axial distance a ≠ b ≠ c and axial angles
b a = b = g = 90°.
β
a

ANSWERS OF SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER-8

1. (a) 115MC [Rn] 5f 146d 107s2 7p3 21. (b) (CH3)2CHCH(NH2)COOH
2. (d) ionic solid a-Amino acids exist as zwitter ion.
Graphite is a network solid. (CH3 )2CH  CH  COOH → (CH ) CH  CH  COO−
3 2
3. (c) (i) Acetone + Ethyl alcohol,  
(ii) Acetone + Chloroform NH2 +
NH3
Acetone + ethyl alcohol solution shows positive Zwitter ion
deviation while acetone + chloroform shows 22. (b) monazite sand
negative deviation. 23. (c) 1° > 2° > 3°
Other examples: Order of reactivity of different alcohols towards
Positive deviations—Acetone + ethyl alcohol, acetone esterification is 1° alcohol > 2° alcohol > 3° alcohol due
+ benzene, water + ethyl alcohol to increased steric hindrance in 2° and 3° alcohols.
Negative deviations—Nitric acid + water benzene 24. (d) On hydrolysis it gives Xe, HF and 02
On hydrolysis the products formed are XeO3 and HF.
+ chloroform
XeF6 + 3H2O → XeO3 + 6HF
4. (d) The coordination number is 6
25. (b) (A) → (iii), (B) → (i), (C) → (iv), (D) → (ii)
The coordination number is 12.
26. (a) Vapour pressure in container (A) is more than that
5. (a) ClCH2CH2CH2CN
in container (B).
6. (b) configuration When a non-volatile solute (NaCl) is dissolved in a
7. (a) conc. HCl + anhy. ZnCl2 liquid, its vapour pressure decreases.
8. (a) Livermorium 27. (a) CH3Cl
9. (c) Alcohol Order of dipole moment is : CH3Cl > CH2Cl2 > CHCl3 >
10. (d) 144 pm CCl4
For fcc, 28. (b) fluorine oxygen helium oxygen
2(r+ + r-) = a; 2 (110 + r-) = 508 29. (d) Aldohexoses exist in 26 optical forms.
Aldohexoses exist in 2 ( = 16) optical forms.
4
508
r- = − 110 = 144 pm 30. (a) tertiary carbocation is more stable than primary
2
carbocation.
11. (c) 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol 31. (a) HF
12. (b) 55.5 m 32. (d) 609.6 pm
13. (c) 2-Chloroethanol due to –I effect of Cl For fcc, arrangement, distance of nearest neighbour
-
14. (c) Cl a 862
is = = 609.6 pm
15. (c) anomers of glucose 2 1.414
16. (c) (CH3)3CCl > (CH3)2CHCH2Cl 33. (c) (III) < (I) < (II)
(CH3)3CCl > (CH3)2CHCH2Cl is not correct as boiling Boiling point increases as the branching decreases.
point of (CH3)3CCl is smaller than (CH3)2CHCH2Cl. It is 34. (b) HClO4
due to large surface area and shorter alkyl chain. 35. (b) Solution (I) will follow Raoult’s law
17. (b) free radical substitution Mixture of bromoethane and chloroethane is an ideal
18. (a) F2 solution and will follow Raoult’s law as intermolecular
interactions of A-A and B-B type are nearly same as
19. (d) mercury
AB type interactions
Mercury is non-volatile.
36. (c) Fibrous proteins are converted into globular
20. (a) HF > HCI > HBr > HI proteins.
6 | amadhaan CHEMISTRY Class XII | Term-1
37. (c) Boiling point increases and freezing point decreases 45. (c) A is true but R is false.
When a non-volatile solute is added to water there is Cl2 is an oxidising agent. It bleaches the articles by
elevation in boiling point and depression in freezing
oxidation permanently in presence of moisture.
point.
38. (c) 9.033 × 10
23 46. (c) A is true but R is false.
- Assertion is correct statement but reason is incorrect
39. (b) Cl
40. (a) 1-methylcyclohexene and but-1-ene statement.
H+ Elimination reaction takes place in accordance with
OH
∆
Saytzeff’s rule.
CH3 CH3
47. (d) A is false but R is true.
2-Methylcyclohexanol 1-Methylcyclohexene
+ Lowering of vapour pressure is directly proportional
H
CH CH CH OH 
CHȌȌȌ ∆
→ CH CH CH==CH to the number of species presents in the solution.
But-1-ene
Only relative lowering of vapour pressure is a
41. (c) salicylic acid
The reaction of phenol with NaOH and CO2 is known colligative property.
as Kobe-Schmidt or Kolbe’s reaction. The product
48. (c) A is true but R is false.
formed is salicylic acid.
– +
OH ONa The reactivity of halogens decreases as the atomic
number increases.
NaOH 130°-140°C
+ CO2
6 atm. 49. (d) A is false but R is true.
Phenol KH values for both N2 and O2 increase with increase
– +
OCOONa OH of temperature indicating that the solubility of gases
increases with decreases of temperature. Hence,
COONa
Rearrangement aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water
than in hot water.
Sodium Sodium salicylate
phenyl 50. (d) All of the above
carbonate OH
Antibodies, hormones, enzymes (biocatalyst) all are
COOH
H+ proteins.
H2O
51. (a) (A) → (i),     (B) → (ii),   (C) → (iii),  (D) → (iv)
Salicylate acid
52. (a) B has more GC content than A
42. (b) Cf and Ca
Since, GC base pair having three H  bonds is more
CH3
stable than AT base pair having two Hbond, therefore,
DNA, B has higher melting point than DNA, A.
43. (a) 3
53. (a) 16/3 pr
CH(OH)COOH
Number of atoms per unit cell in fcc = 4
OH
∴ Total volume of atoms present in fcc unit cell
CH3 CH3
4 3 16 3
=4× πr = πr
+ CHCl3 + KOH
3 3

CHO 54. (c)  Amorphous solids melt at characteristic

OH OH temperature while crystalline solids melt over a
(A)
range of temperature.
CH3 CH3
Crystalline solids melt at characteristic temperature

HCN +
H /H2O
while amorphous solids melt over a range of
temperature.
CH(CN)OH CH(CN)COOH
55. (d) Each face centred cubic cell contains only one
OH OH
(B)
constituent particle present at the centre of each face.
Each fcc unit cell contains one constituent particle
44. (d) SN2 mechanism is predominant in tertiary alkyl present at the centre of each face, besides the ones
halides. that are at its corners.
 Answers | 7
ANSWERS OF SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER-9
are pressure of 200 × 10 Pa (about 200 atm) and
1. (c) N2 5

∆ ∆
NH4Cl + KNO2 → [NH4NO2 ] → N2 ↑ + 2H2O temperature of ~700K.
19. (b) the number of solute particles in solution
2. (d) Diamond is a layered structure, the two layers -
20. (a) NO3
joined by van der Waals’ forces
21. (d) loss of both secondary and tertiary
Diamond is a rigid three-dimensional network solid
structures.
resulting in extremely hard structure.
22. (a) half filled p-orbitals in group 15 elements are more
3. (c)  (A) → (iv), (B) → (iii), (C) → (ii),  (D) → (i) stable
4. (d) (A) → (iii),  (B) → (i), (C) → (iv), (D) →  (ii) 23. (c) 5-Chlorohexan-2-ol
5. (b) B > C > A 24. (d) Cl207 > S02 > P4O10
SN1 reaction rate depends upon the stability of the The species Cl2O7, SO2 and P4O10 are the anhydrides
carbocation. of HClO4, H2SO3 and H3PO4 respectively. The acid
Me Me strength of these acids follows the order HClO4 >
Me H2SO3 > H3PO4. The corresponding anhydrides also
  Me Br
Br Br follow the same order.
(B) (C) (A) 25. (a) 91.8 g

6. (a) Alanine
pglycerine = pglucose
Except alanine, all amino acids are essential amino n1 n2 10.2 1 2 1000
RT = RT ; × = ×
acids which cannot be synthesised in the body and V1 V2 M 1 180 100
must be obtained through diet.
10.2 × 18
7. (b) 95.5% alcohol ⇒ M= = 91.8 g (Density of water = 1 g/cm3)
+
2
8. (b) NH4 < N2O < NO < NO2 < NO3-
- + 26. (d) Filling of ink in a fountain pen
N2O = +1, NO = +2, NO2 = +4, NO3 = +5, NH4 = -3
It is capillary action.
Increasing order of oxidation state will be
+ - 27. (d) CH3CH2CH(Br)CH3
NH4 < N2O < NO < NO2 < NO3
9. (c) p-CH3OC6H4CH(OH)CH3 28. (c) It causes acid rain due to formation of sulphuric
acid on combining with O2 and H2O
Electron releasing inductive effect of —OCH3 group
facilitates the protonation of alcohol involved in 29. (c) folding patterns of polypeptide chain
Secondary structure of protein refers to folding
dehydration mechanism.
patterns of polypeptide chains like α-helix and
10. (d) 530 pm β-pleated sheets.
In NaCl crystal,
+ - 30. (b) oxidation
Edge length = 2 × distance between Na and Cl [O]
CH3  CH2  OH  → CH3  CHO (Oxidation)
= 2 × 265 = 530 pm KMnO 4

11. (d) pentan-3-one 31. (c) H2S04  sp2 hybridisation, V-shaped

12. (a) same elevation in boiling point and same O
depression in freezing point H2SO4 : S
Equimolal solutions show same colligative OH
O
properties i.e., equal elevation in boiling point and OH
equal depression in freezing point. sp3 hybridisation, tetrahedral
-3
13. (b) zymase 32. (c) 6.15 g cm
14. (c) NCl3 Z ×M
d=
15. (d)   mixture of glucose and fructose in equimolar a3 × NA
quantities.
For bcc structure, Z = 2
16. (c)   bond breaking and formation occur simultaneously 2 × 50
d= = 6.15 g cm−3
17. (b) (iv) > (iii) > (ii) > (i) 6.023 × 1023 × (300 × 10−10 )3
18. (a) High pressure
33. (b) there is steric hindrance
According to Le Chatelier’s principle, high pressure In tertiary alkyl halides steric hindrance does not
would favour the formation of NH3. allow substitution by SN2 mechanism in which the
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
� nucleophile attacks on the carbon atom and the
The optimum conditions for the production of NH3 reaction takes place in single step.
34. (c) C
8 | amadhaan CHEMISTRY Class XII | Term-1
35. (b) 269.07 K water
H2S + Cl 2 
→ 2HCl + S
K f ×WB
  ∆Tf =
MB ×WA Due to formation of free sulphur the solution
becomes turbid.
For cane sugar solution,
43. (c) C2H5OH
Kf × 5
2.15 K = ( 95 g of water = 0.095 kg) The organic liquid A is C2H5OH.
342 × 0.095
(i) Ethyl alcohol is a colourless liquid with a
For glucose solution, characteristic pleasant smell, having boiling
Kf × 5 point 78.1°C.
  ∆Tf =
180 × 0.095
conc. H SO
Kf × 5 (ii) C2H5OH →
2 4
CH2 ==CH2
∆Tf 342 × 0.095
= × ; ȌȌȌȌȌȌȌ 2
2.15 180 × 0.095 Kf × 5 water and alkaline
  KMnO4

342
∆Tf = × 2.15 = 4.085 K Cl Cl
180
44. (b) (i) (ii)
Freezing point of glucose solution = 273.15 - 4.085 =
269.07 K 45. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
36. (c) hydrogen bonds explanation of A.
a-Helix structure of protein is stabilised by 46. (c) A is true but R is false.
hydrogen bonds between —NH— group of one For the same alkyl group, the boiling points are in
amino acid residue and the group of the order RI > RBr > RCl > RF. This is because with
another amino acid residue. the increase in the size of halogen, the magnitude
37. (b) increase the boiling point of van der Waals’ force increases and boiling point

38. (c) both Frenkel and Schottky defect increases.

AgBr shows Frenkel and Schottky defects because
radius ration of AgBr is intermediate. It has rock
salt structure i.e., fcc or ccp lattice of Br and Ag
occupies all the octahedral voids.
39. (b) Only I2 is liberated in (Z )
More reactive halogen can displace less reactive
halogen from its salt solution. F2 can displace Cl2,
Br2, I2 from their salt solutions while Cl2 can displace
Br2 and I2 from NaBr and NaI. Br2 can displace Only
I2 from NaI.
2NaI + Br2 → 2NaBr + I2↑
OH
40. (c)
Bond strength decreases as the size of the halogen
increases. CH3F > CH3Cl > CH3Br > CH3I and stability
decreases as the strength of CX bond decreases.
47. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
48. (c) A is true but R is false.
49. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
50. (a) a nitrogenous base
Guanine is a heterocyclic nitrogenous purine base
present in nucleic acids.
O

C
OH group in phenol can release electrons to the
N C NH
ring better than CH3 groups in toluene. Cl atom
has electron withdrawing effect which inhibits HC
C C
electrophilic attack. NH N NH2
41. (a) presence of —OH group in phenol increases the
electron density at ortho and para-position 51. (c) A. → (iii), B. → (i), C. → (iv),     D. → (ii)
Phenol is more easily nitrated than benzene as the 52. (d) In α-amino acids, NH2 and COOH groups are
presence of —OH group in phenol increases the
attached to different carbon atoms.
electron density at ortho and para-position in benzene
ring by +R effect. In α-amino acids, NH2 and COOH groups are
NH2
+ + +
O H O H O H O H O H
attached to the same carbon atom, R 
R CH
COOH
– –
53. (d) All of these
– 54. (a) Ionic
42. (b) free sulphur 55. (c) Tetragonal
 Answers | 9
ANSWERS OF SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER-10
+
1. (b) NH4 < N2O < NO < NO2 < NO3- 18. (c) NH4NO2
- +
N2O = +1, NO = +2, NO2 = +4, NO3 = +5, NH4 = -3 heat
NH4NO2 (aq ) → N2 (g ) + 2H2O(l)
Increasing order of oxidation state will be
+ -
NH4 < N2O < NO < NO2 < NO3 19. (a) water retention in tissue cells and intercellular
2. (d) Isotropical spaces because of osmosis
Isotropical is not a crystal system type. Due to osmosis water moves into the tissues and
K ⋅ 1000.W1 intercellular spaces causing retention of water.
3. (b) M2 = f
W2 ⋅∆Tb 20. (a) X-Colourless Y-Brown, Z-Colourless,
    paramagnetic     diamagnetic
4. (d) XY3 cool
2NO + O2 ↽

⇀

 2NO2 
↽⇀  N2O4
1  heat
No. of X atoms (at the corners) = × 8 = 1 Brown, Colourless,
Colourless paramagnetic gas diamagnetic
8 gases ( X ) due to presence solid ( Z )
of an odd electron (Y )
1
No. of Y atoms (fcc) = 6 × =3
2 21. (c) ether linkage
Hence, the formula is XY3. 22. (b) W X Y
5. (a) ClCH2CH==CH2 2NO N 2O 2HIO3
Order of reactivity of different halo compounds (i) 3Cu + 8HNO3 → 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO ↑ + 4H2O
towards nucleophilic substitution reactions are: (W)

allyl chloride > vinyl chloride > chlorobenzene (ii) 4Zn + 10HNO3 → 4Zn(NO3)2 + 5H2O + N2O ↑
(X)
6. (a) α-amino acids
(iii) I2 + 10HNO3 → 2HIO 3 + 10NO2↑ + 4H2O
7. (b) CuO + ZnO + Cr2O3
23. (b) KMnO4 in acidic medium
(i) (ii)
KMnO4 will oxidise initially formed aldehydes to
8. (a) 115MC [Rn] 5f 146d 107s2 7p3 carboxylic acids.
9. (d) phenolphthalein 24. (b) difference in electronegativity of S and O
10. (c) 552 pm 25. (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
a = 2 (r+ + r-) = 2 (95 + 181) = 552 pm -1
26. (a) 6239.6 g mol
11. (b) substitution reaction
nBRT WB WB RT
12. (c)  about three times π=
V
; nB =
MB
; π=
MB
×
V
DTf = iKf m
For glucose, i = 1 WB RT 2 × 0.0821 × 300 × 760
MB = = 6239.6 g mol −1
For MgCl2, i = 3
× =
V π 0.3 × 20
Thus, the depression in freezing point (DTf) of a 0.01
27. (a) (I) < (II) < (III) < (IV)
M MgCl2 solution is about three times of that of 0.01
Density increases as the molecular mass increases.
M glucose solution.
- - + +
13. (d) pyridinium chlorochromate 28. (a) 2Mn04 + 5SO2 + 2H2O → 5SO42 + 2Mn2 + 4H
- + - 2+
Pyridinium chlorochromate oxidises an alcoholic [MnO4 + 8H + 5e → Mn + 4H2O] × 2
2- + -
group selectively in the presence of carbon-carbon 10H2O + 5SO2 → 5SO4 + 20H + 10e
double bond. - - + +
2MnO4 + 5SO2 + 2H2O → 5SO42 + 2Mn2 + 4H
14. (c) SbH3 > NH3 > AsH3 > PH3
29. (a) Lysine
NH3 has abnormally high boiling points because of Amino acids like lysine, arginine and histidine which
their tendency to form hydrogen bonds. The order
contain two NH2 groups and one COOH group, are
of boiling point will be called basic amino acids.
SbH3 > NH3 > AsH3 > PH3 NH2
15. (a) monocarboxylic acid H2N(CH2)4CH (Lysine)
COOH
16. (c) C2H5Br
30. (a) 2, 4, 6-tribromophenol
C2H2Br + KCN → C2H5CN + KBr
Phenol on reaction with excess of bromine water give
Propane nitrile
a white precipitate of 2, 4, 6-tribromophenol.
17. (b) 2-bromo 2-methylbutane OH OH
The reactivity of different alkyl halides towards SN2
Br Br
reaction decreases in the order: H 2O
+ 3Br2
methyl halides > 1° halides > 2° halides > 3° halides.
Since, 2-bromo-2-methylbutane is a tertiary bromide
hence it is least reactive among the given. Br
10 | amadhaan CHEMISTRY Class XII | Term-1
31. (a) sulphurous acid 41. (b) o-and p-bromophenol and salicylaldehyde
H2SO3 has a lone pair of electrons. OH OH OH
Br
Br2/CS2
+
S 273 K
O OH
(Minor)
OH (i) CHCl3 + NaOH
Br
(ii) dil. HCl
32. (a) 2 (Major)
Z ×M OH
d= X
NA × a3 CHO
o-and p-Bromophenol

a3 × d × NA
Z=
M Y
(Salicylaldehyde)

(3.5 × 10−8 )3 × 0.53 × 6.023 × 1023 42. (b) X Y Z

Z= = 1.97 ≈ 2 S SO2 SO3
6.94
S + O2 → SO2
33. (a) are both hydrolysed to the same product (X ) (Y )
 
On hydrolysis both gives different compounds.
SO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaSO3 ↓ + H2O
aq. KOH (Y ) white ppt.
CH2Cl  CH2Cl → CH2OH  CH2OH
Ethylene dichloride Glycol 2 KMnO4 + 5SO2 + 2 H2O → K2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 2 H2SO4
Purple (Y ) Colourless
34. (c) HI gets oxidised to I2
HI being a stronger reducing agent, than H2SO4, 2 SO2 + O2 → 2 SO3
(Y ) (Z )
reduces H2SO4 to SO2 and is itself oxidised to I2
(violet fumes). SO3 + H2O → H2SO4
M I + H2SO4 → MHSO4 + HI (Z)

 H2SO4 → H2O + SO2 + [O] (responsible for acid rain)

2 HI + [O] → H2O + I 2
( violet fumes )
35. (a) 5% aqueous solutions of NaCl and KCl are said to
be isomolar.
Both NaCl and KCl have different molecular masses.
36. (b) nucleotides
Nucleic acids are long chain polymers of nucleotides
hence, are also called polynucleotides.
37. (a) Y-hypotonic solution, Z-hypertonic solution
In hypotonic solution, the water is drawn in and the
grape swells while in hypertonic solution the water
is drawn out and the grape shrinks.
+
38. (a) Sr2
+ +
Each Sr2 ion in the NaCl crystal replaces two Na
ions. It occupies the site of one ion and the other
remains vacant creating a cation vacancy.
- +
39. (b) BrO2 , BrF2
Both BrO2− (35 + 2 × 8 + 1 = 52)
and BrF2+ (35 + 2 × 9 − 1 = 52) have 52 electrons.
40. (c) electrophilic substitution reaction
OH ONa OH
CHCl2
CHCl3 NaOH
aq. NaOH H+
This reaction of Reimer-Tiemann reaction and it is an
electrophilic substitution reaction.
43. (b) (A) → (ii), (B) → (iii), (C) → (iv), (D) → (i)
Peroxide
44. (d) CH3CH3CH == CH2 + HBr 
→
CH3CH2  CH  CH3

Br
Peroxide
→ CH3CH2CH2CH2Br
CH3CH2CH == CH2 + HBr 
45. (c) A is true but R is false.
Due to weakening of H  E bond as the bond length
increases with increase of size of E-atom.
46. (c) A is true but R is false.
Carbocation obtained from C6H5CH(C6H5)Br is more
+
stable than C6H5CH(CH3)Br as C6H5 CH(C6H5 ) is
stabilised by two phenyl groups and hence it is more
reactive in SN1 reaction.
47. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
Freezing point of a substance is defined as the
temperature at which the vapour pressure of its liquid
is equal to the vapour pressure of the corresponding
solid. Since the addition of a non-volatile solute always
lowers the vapour pressure of solvent, therefore it will
be in equilibrium with solid phase at a lower pressure
and hence at a lower temperature.
48. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
CHO explanation of A.
The high boiling point of water is due to the association
of H2O molecules through hydrogen bonding.
49. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
 Answers | 11
Depression in freezing point is a colligative property 51. (a) (A) → (iv), (B) → (iii), (C) → (i), (D) → (ii)
which depends on the number of particles present
52. (a) an aldopentose and a nitrogenous base
in the solution. As both 0.1 M solution of glucose and
Nucleoside is a unit formed by the attachment of a
0.1 M solution of urea contain same number of moles
base to an aldopentose sugar.
(number of particles) therefore, both will have same
depression in freezing point. HOH2C O Base

50. (d) 5-methyluracil

H H
Thymine, also known as 5-methyluracil, is a
pyrimidine nucleobase. As the name implies, thymine H H
may be derived by methylation of uracil at the 5th
carbon. OH OH
O
53. (b) equal number of cation and anion are missing
H3C from the lattice
NH
54. (c) Frankel defect
55. (a) NaCl
N O
H Alkali halides like NaCl, KCl show schottky defect.

ANSWERS OF SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER-11

1. (b) pp  pp bonding is weak in phosphorus 8. (a) N3H
pp  pp bonding in nitrogen is strong, hence it can O.S. of N in N3H =
−1
form triple bond with another N. Single N  N bond 3
is weaker than P  P bond due to high interionic O.S. of N in NH3 = -3
repulsion of non-bonding electrons. Hence, N ≡≡ N is
O.S. of N in NH2OH = -1
stable and P2 is not.
 O.S. of N in N2H4 = -2
2. (d) Monoclinic
9. (a) alcohol
Monoclinic crystals have two Bravais lattices
16 3
primitive and end-centred. 10. (b) πr
-1 3
3. (c) 36 g mol
10 1 11. (c) treatment with pyridinium chlorochromate
No. of moles of urea = = Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), a complex of
60 6
chromium trioxide with pyridine and HCl gives good
Weight of solute, X = 6 g yield of aldehydes and prevents further oxidation to
6 carboxylic acids.
No. of moles of X =
M PCC
CH3CH2OH  → CH3CHO
1 6
For isotonic solutions, n1 = n2 or =
6 M 12. (b) Nature of the solvent
- 13. (c) CH3CH2CH2OH
or M = 36 g mol 1
[O]
4. (d) PQ, 8 : 8 CH3CH2CH2OH 
→ CH3CH2COOH
1 (X ) (Y )
No. of atoms of P = 8 × =1
8 14. (a) Benzylic alcohol
No. of atoms of Q = 1 × 1 = 1 In benzylic alcohols, the —OH group is attached to a
The formula of the compound is PQ. sp3-hybridised carbon atom next to an aromatic ring.
Coordination no. of P and Q = 8 : 8 The structures of 1°, 2° and 3° benzylic alcohols are as
5. (d) (ii) only follows:
6. (c) long chain polymers of nucleotides
H C
Nucleic acids are long chain polymers of nucleotides
hence they are also called polynucleotides.
CH2OH C OH C OH
7. (c) o-methyl anisole and p-methyl anisole
OCH3 OCH3 OCH3 C C
CH3 (1°) (2°) (3°)
CH3Cl
+
Anh. AlCl3 15. (b) genes
o-Methyl anisole Gene is a hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of
(minor) CH3 DNA, and occupying a specific position or locus within
p-Methyl anisole the genome.
(major) 16. (d) substitution
12 | amadhaan CHEMISTRY Class XII | Term-1
-3
17. (d) C2H5Br + KCN → C2H5NC + KBr 32. (b) 5.19 g cm
Due to ionic nature, the attack by CN- occurs through Z ×M 2 × 100
d= =
C atom and alkyl cyanide is formed. a × N A (400 × 10 ) × 6.023 × 1023
3 −10 3
2+
18. (a) aqueous solution of NH3 reacts with Cu ion to
form deep blue coloured complex. = 5.188 g cm-3 ≈ 5.19 g cm-3
Cu2 + (aq ) + 4NH3(aq ) → [Cu(NH3 )4 ]2 + (aq ) 33. (a) (i) > (ii) > (iii) > (iv)
34. (b) MnO2 and Ca(OCl)2
19. (d) colligative, solvent, lower concentration, higher
concentration, solution MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl 2 + 2H2O + Cl 2
20. (a) NO; NO2; HNO3 Black (conc.) Greenish-Yellow
powder gas
3 Cu+8HNO3(dil ). → 3Cu(NO3 )2 + 2NO+ 4H2O
(X ) Cl2 + H2O → 2HCl + [O]
Coloured matter + [O] → Colourless matter
2NO + O2 2NO2↑
(Y) 2Ca(OH)2 + 2Cl 2 → Ca(OCl )2 + CaCl 2 + 2 H2O
Slaked Bleaching powder
3NO2 + H2O → 2HNO3 + NO lime ( white)
(Y ) (Z ) (X )
35. (a) is higher than that of a dilute solution.
21. (a) adenine. guanine, cytosine 36. (d) All of these.
Adenine, guanine and cytosine are present in both
37. (c) The depression in freezing point is directly
RNA and DNA. DNA contains thymine while RNA
contains uracil. proportional to molality of the solution.
22. (c) Neutral oxides — CO2, CO, BeO Solubility changes with temperature. A plant cell
CO2 is an acidic oxide, CO is neutral and BeO is an shrinks in hypertonic solution. Relative lowering of
amphoteric oxide. vapour pressure is a colligative property.
23. (a) C6H5OH 38. (c) F-centre, since it imparts colour to the crystal.
Phenol (C6H5OH) will react with sodium hydroxide The anionic sites occupied by the unpaired
solution in water, as phenols are more acidic than electrons are called F-centres (from the German
alcohols.
word Farbenzenter meaning colour centre.)
24. (b) Sulphur shows maximum covalency of four.
Sulphur shows maximum covalency of six. 39. (d) Both a. and b.
25. (b) due to osmosis bacteria lose water on salted meat 3HCl(conc.) + HNO3(conc.) → HNO3 ⋅ 3HCl
or candied fruit and die. (X )
Aqua regia
The bacteria on salted meat or candied fruit loss
water through osmosis, shrink and die. Aqua regia is used for dissolving noble metals like
gold, plantinum. HCl decomposes salts of weaker
26. (b) Water will move from side (B) to side (A) if a
acids e.g., carbonates, hydrogen carbonates,
pressure greater than osmotic pressure is applied
sulphites,etc.
on piston (B)
Reverse osmosis will occur. 40. (d) Tertiary butyl alcohols given turbidity fastest with
27. (d) 2-Bromopropane Lucas reagent.
41. (d) Kolbe’s reaction and Reimer-Tiemann reaction
The alkyl halides are highly reactive, the order of
reactivity is Iodide > Bromide > Chloride (nature of 42. (c) XeF2 is a powerful reducing agent
the halogen atom). XeF2 is an oxidising agent.
Tertiary > Secondary > Primary. 43. (d) All of these
conc. H SO
Thus, 2-bromopropane is the most reactive. C2H5OH + CH3CH2CH2OH 2 4

→
∆
28. (c) It results in the formation of dense fog of sulphuric
C2H5OC2H5 + C3H7OC3H7 + C2H5OC3H7
acid which is difficult to condense
SO3 + H2O → H2SO4 + Heat CH3
29. (b) adenine and thymine, guanine and cytosine 
A == T, C ≡≡ G 44. (c) CH3  C  Cl

30. (b) Acetophenone CH3
OH COCH3
45. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
Zn
CHO explanation of A.
CH3COCl
46. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
distillation AlCl3
explanation of A.
Benzene Acetophenone 47. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
(X) (Y)
explanation of A.
31. (c) F2 has lower bond dissociation energy than Cl2· Non-ideal solutions with positive deviation i.e., having
F2 has lower bond dissociation energy than Cl2 due more vapour pressure than expected, boil at lower
to its small size which results in interelectronic temperature while those with negative deviation boil
repulsion. at higher temperature than those of the components.
 Answers | 13
48. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct O2- ions are present in face centres, while anions
explanation of A. being larger in size go to smaller tetrahedral and
Interhalogen compounds are more reactive than octahedral voids.
halogens because XX′ bond in interhalogens is 54. (c) AB2O4
weaker than XX bond in halogen (except FF - 1 1
bond). No. of oxide (O2 ) = × 16 (corner) + × 12 (face
8 2
49. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
centers) = 8
explanation of A. 2+
No. of A ions present in tetrahedral void = 2
50. (a) primary structure of proteins + 1
No. of B3 ions = 1 (at body centre) + × 12 (at edges
51. (d) (A) → (iii), (B) → (ii),   (C) → (i),    (D) → (iv) 4
52. (c) Pentaacetate of glucose does not react with centers) = 4
hydroxylamine. ∴ Compound formula = AB2O4
Pentaacetate of glucose does not react with NH2OH 55. (c) Tetrahedral, octahedral
indicating absence of CHO group. +
2 tetrahedral voids occupied by A2 ions and 4
3+
53. (b) fcc arrangement octahedral voids occupied by B ions

ANSWERS OF SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER-12

1. (a) N3H 8. (a) N2 in both cases
−1 ∆
O.S. of N in N3H = (NH4 )2Cr2O7 → N2 ↑ +4H2O + Cr2O3
3
∆
Ba(N3 )2 → Ba + 3N2 ↑
O.S. of N in NH3 = -3   
O.S. of N in NH2OH = -1 9. (b) NH  CH  CONH  CH  COOH
2 2

 O.S. of N in N2H4 = -2
CH3
2. (a) 90° a = b ≠ c a = b = g = 90° a = b ≠ c 120°
The peptide linkage formed between glycine (H2N 
3. (d) (A) → (iii), (B) →  (i), (C) → (iv), (D) → (ii)
CH2  COOH) and alanine (H NCH  COOH) to give
4. (b) only octahedral sites are occupied 2
+ 
Octahedral sites are occupied by Na ions in NaCl
CH3
structure. glycylalanine can be shown as:
CH3 CH3

H2N  CH2  COOH + H2N  CH COOH
5. (d) CH3  C  CH3
 Glycine Alanine
OCH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
— H2O
  H2N  CH2  CONH CH  COOH
CH3  C  CH2 − Br → CH3  C  CH2+ + Br −
  Peptide linkage
H H Glycylalanine (Gly-Ala)
2°−Carbocation
CH3 CH3 1, 2-hydride 3
10. (c) r = a
  shift 4
CH3O−
CH3  C  CH3 ←  CH3  C  CH3 In bcc structure distance between nearest
CH3OH
 + neighbours, C
3°−Carbocation
OCH3
AD
d= A a
6. (c) addition of phosphate 2 B
 
7. (b) benzoic acid In right angled D ABC,
OH
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
D
Zn dust CH3Cl/anhy.AlCl3 AC2 = a2 + a2
Friedel-Crafts or AC = 2a
Phenol Benzene (X) Alkylation Now in right angled D ADC,
CH3 COOH AD2 = AC2 + DC2
2 2 2 2 3a
alk. KMnO4   AD = ( 2a ) + a = 3a ⇒ AD = 3a ∴ d = 2

d 3
Toluene (Y) Benzoic acid (Z) Radius, r = = a
2 4
14 | amadhaan CHEMISTRY Class XII | Term-1
11. (b) 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol 23. (d) PCC
12. (d) PQ is the curve for solvent, XY is the curve for 24. (c) The gas formed in the upper layers of atmosphere
solution and DT is elevation in boiling point by action of UV radiations - Nitrogen
PQ corresponds to increase in vapour pressure
The gas formed in the upper layers of atmosphere
of solvent with temperature and XY corresponds by action of UV radiations is ozone.
to increase in vapour pressure of solution with
temperature. DT is the elevation in boiling point of a 25. (a) 0.01
solution. 10
No. of moles of glucose = = 0.055 mol
13. (a) Na2Cr2O7, H2SO4 180
+
14. (d) Pb2
90
15. (a) 5´ and 3´ No. of moles of water = = 5 mol
18
O
5' Base Number of moles of solution = 5.055 mol
–
O P O CH2
O No. of moles of glucose
O Sugar Mole fraction of glucose =
No. of moles of solution

3' O 0.055
= = 0.01
– 5.055
O P O
26. (c) cellulose acetate
O
Base 27. (a) (A) is major product and (B) is minor product
5' CH
2
According to saytzeff’s rule, the more substituted
O
Sugar product is more stable and is formed as major
product. Hence (A) is the major product (80%) while
3'
(B) is the minor (20%) and less stable product.
OH
3' end of chain 28. (b) HClO < HCl02 < HCl03 < HCl04
16. (d) (CH3)3CCl 29. (a) C-1 carbon
D-glucose exists in two optically active forms known
17. (c) CH2Cl as α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose. The two isomers are
interconvertible in aqueous solution.
Solvolysis is related to stability of carbocation H O H OH OH H
1
formed and among these benzyl carbocation is most C C C
1 1
stable. So, it will undergo solvolysis readily.
18. (a) N2O3 2CHOH 2CHOH 2CHOH

2HNO2 → N2O3 + H2O ×

3CHOH 3CHOH 3CHOH
19. (c) 72 torr
3 4CHOH 4CHOH 4CHOH
Mole fraction of P = = 0. 6
3+2
5CHOH 5CH O 5CH O
2
Mole fraction of Q = = 0. 4 6CH2OH 6CH2OH 6CH2OH
3+2
D-glucose a-D-glucose b-D-glucose
Ptotal = pp + pQ = p°PxP + p°QxQ (I) (II)

= 80 × 0.6 + 60 × 0.4 = 72 torr Carbon-1 in both configurations I and II is called an

anomeric carbon atom.
20. (a) 2
30. (b) 2-Methylpropene is formed
Pt/Rh gauge catalyst
4NH3(g ) + 5O2 (g ) 
 
→ 4NO(g ) + 6H2O(g ) 31. (a) HCIO < HCIO2 < HCI03 < HCI04
500 K, 9 bar
(from air)
Acidic strength of oxoacids of a particular halogen
Thus, 2 moles of NO will be produced by the atom increases with increase in oxidation number,
oxidation of 2 moles of NH3. thus the order of acidic strength is
21. (c) Most naturally occurring amino acids have +1 +3 +5 +7
D-configuration HClO < HClO2 < HClO3 < HClO4
Most naturally occurring amino acids have
32. (d) KCl
L-configuration.
22. (c) combination of dioxygen with other elements is 33. (c) 2-methylprop-1-ene
highly exothermic process 2MnO4− + H2O + I− → 2MnO2 + 2OH− + IO3−
 Answers | 15
Cl Compound (a) is enantiomer of compound (I) because
 the configuration of two groups, i.e. CH3 and C2H5 in
alc. KOH
CH3  C  CH3 → CH3  C == CH3 them is reversed at the chiral carbon.
 
CH3 CH3 45. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
2 −Methylprop-1-ene explanation of A.
46. (c) A is true but R is false.
34. (b) XX′ bond is weaker than XX or X′X′ bonds
Since dissimilar halogens are combined in In case of optically active alkyl halides SN1 reactions
interhalogen compounds hence the bond between are accompanied by racemisation. The carbocation
2
them (XX′ bond) is weaker than homoatomic formed is sp hybridised and planar. The attack of
halogen (XX or X′X′ bonds). the nucleophile may be accomplished from either
-2 side resulting in a mixture of products with opposite
35. (c) 0.3 × 10
configuration i.e., racemic mixture.
36. (b) tyrosine
H2C  CH2 47. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
H2C CHCOOH (i) Osmotic pressure of urea

NH wBRT
π=
Proline MBV

HO CH2CH(NH2) COOH wB = 3.4 g, V = 200 mL = 0.2 L, T = 293 K

-1 -1
Tyrosine MB = 60, R = 0.083 L bar mol K

(CH3)2CHCH (NH2)COOH) 3.4 × 0.083 × 293

π= = 6.89 bar
Valine 60 × 0.2

NH2 (ii) Osmotic pressure of cane sugar.

HO  CH2  CH
COOH wBRT 1.6 × 0.083 × 293
Serine π= = = 0.57 bar
MBV 342 × 0.2
37. (b) 34.36

No. of moles of polymer =

1 p = 6.89 + 0.57 = 7.46 bar
150,000
48. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
n 1 8.314 × 103 × 310 explanation of A.
π = CRT = RT; π = ×
V 150, 000 0. 5 In FF bond, due to smaller size of fluorine, e- e-
= 34.36 Pa repulsion occur, so its bond strength is less.
-1 -1
(R = 8.314 × 10 Pa L K mol )
3 49. (c) A is true but R is false.
38. (a) Frenkel defect If the red blood cells are placed in pure water,
pressure inside the cells increases as the water is
39. (c) XeOF4 + SiF4
drawn in and the cell swells.
2XeF6 + SiO2 → 2XeOF4 + SiF4
40. (a) It is used for drinking purposes. 50. (d) (A) → (ii), (B) → (i), (C) → (iv), (D) → (iii)
Methanol is highly poisonous hence can’t be used for 51. (d) (A) → (iv), (B) → (iii),   (C) → (ii),    (D) → (i)
drinking purposes.
52. (a) (A) → (iii), (B) → (i), (C) → (iv), (D) → (ii)
41. (b) CH3Br + NaOC(CH3)3
Tertiary halide can involve elimination of HX to give 53. (a) Frenkel defect
alkene in presence of a base. Hence, a tertiary alkoxide This defect is shown by ionic solids. The smaller ion
and primary alkyl halide is taken for the reaction. (usually cation) is dislocated from its normal site to
CH3Br + NaOC(CH3 )3 → CH3O  C(CH3 )3 + NaBr an interstitial site. Frenkel defect is shown by ionic
ȌȌȌȌȌȌȌȌȌȌČȌȌȌČȌȌ substance in which there is a large difference in the
size of ions.
42. (d) On hydrolysis it gives Xe, HF and 02
On hydrolysis the products formed are XeO3 and HF. 54. (c) F-centres
XeF6 + 3H2O → XeO3 + 6HF F-centres (from the German word Farbenzenter for
– colour centre). They impart yellow colour to the
43. (b) OR
Weakest acid has the strongest conjugate base. crystals. The colour results by excitation of these
–
Since ROH is the weakest acid, therefore RO is the electrons when they absorb energy from the visible
strongest base. light falling on the crystals.
H
C2H5 55. (b) Schottky defect
44. (a) C In Schottky defect equal number of cations and anions
H3C Br are missing from their normal sites. L