Chemistry : Preparation & Properties of Compounds

SECTION - I
SUBJECTIVE TYPE PROBLEMS
Problem 1 : A student suggested that calcium should be made if calcium oxide is reacted with
aluminium powder. Was the student correct?

G f (CaO)  –604.2 kJ mol –1 , G f (Al 2 O3 )  –15824 kJ mol –1

Solution : A given reaction is spontaneous if G f is negative.

3CaO  2Al 
 Al2O3  3Ca

G f  G f (Al2 O3 ) – 3G f (CaO) = –1582.4 – 3 (–604.2) = –1582.4 + 1812.6

= +230.2 kJ mol–1
The positive sign tells that the reaction cannot occur under standard conditions.
Problem 2 : Beryllium gives a compound X with the following percentage composition: Be–6.1%;
N–37.8%, Cl–48%, H–8.1%. Molecular weight of (X) is 148 g mol –1 and that of Be is
9 g mol–1.
(i) What is the molecular formula of the compound.
(ii) In aqueous solution, 1 mol of the compound reacts with 2 mol of AgNO3 giving
white ppt. What is structural formula of (X)?
Solution : Atom Atomic weight (A) % %/A Simplest ratio
Be 9 6.1 0.68 1
N 14 37.8 2.70 4
Cl 35.5 48.0 1.35 2
H 1 8.1 8.10 12
(i) Molecular formula is BeN4Cl2H12.
(ii) Since 1 mol of X reacts with 2 mol of AgNO3, hence two Cl are outside the complex.
Since there are four N and twelve H, this indicates four NH3 molecules attached to Be.
This gives structural formula as

[Be(NH 3 ) 4 ]Cl2
Problem 3: Al and Ga are trivalent in their compounds but in case of Tl, monovalent compounds
are the most stable. Why?
Solution : It is due to ‘inert pair’ effect due to which stability of +3 state decreases and that of +1 state
increases while going down the group (in this case Group 13).

Al3  Ga 3  In 3  Tl3
(most stable)

Al  Ga   In   Tl
(most stable)
Chemistry : Preparation & Properties of Compounds

Problem 4 : (a) Explain briefly the difference between the two center electron pair bond and a
three center electron pair bond.
(b) Compare NaBH4 and LiAlH4 as reducing agents.
(c) Which of the above two would you use in the following conversions:
(i) R—CH=CH—CHO  
 R—CH=CH—CH 2OH
(ii) R—CH2—COOEt 
 R—CH2—CH­2OH
Solution : (a) In a two center electron pair bond, a pair of electrons binds two atoms, whereas in a
three center electron pair bond a pair of electrons binds three atoms together.
(b) LiAlH4 is a more versatile reducing agent than NaBH4; On the other hand, NaBH4 is
more selective. For example, NaBH4 reduces >C=O group in aldehyde and ketones to
alcohols, but functional groups such as >C=C<, —COOH and —NO2 are not normally
attacked.
(c) (i) NaBH4
(ii) LiAlH4
Problem 5 : Explain the following
(a) Al2 (SO4)3 is used as a mordant in textile industry
(b) AlCl3.6H2O on heating never produces anhydrous AlCl3.
(c) AlCl3 in water shows acidity
(d) Why red colour Rousin’s salt [Fe(NO)2S]2 is diamagnetic. How do you account for
the phenomenon..

Solution: (a) Al2 (SO 4 )3  H 2 O 

 2Al(OH)3  3H 2SO 4
Because of this hydrolysis of aq. Al2(SO4)3 the fibres when dipped in aq. Al2(SO4)3
solution, Al(OH)3 forms on the surface of the fibres. Dye then combine with Al(OH)3 to
form an insoluble lake which is fast in washing. The process of formation of metallic
hydroxides on the fibres before dyeing is known as mordnating.

(b) 2(AlCl3 .6H 2O)   Al 2 O3  6HCl  9H 2O
Because of hydrolysis of AlCl3 it never produces anhydrous AlCl3.

(c) AlCl3  6H 2 O [Al(H 2 O)6 ]3  3Cl –

[Al(H 2 O)6 ]3 [Al(H 2O)5 OH]2  H 

because of H+ generation in aq. solution AlCl3 shows acidity.

ON S NO

Fe Fe
(d)
ON S NO
There is Fe – Fe bond in the molecule
 Chemistry : Preparation & Properties of Compounds

Problem 6 : Glass made of SiO2 is attacked by HF with the formation of SiF62– anion. The analogous
CF62– does not exist.
Solution: Silicon has 3d-orbitals and can use octahedral sp3d2-hybrid orbitals to bond to six F– ions.
Carbon lacks 2d-orbital (2d does not exist) and with just 2s and 2p valence orbitals, carbon
can form maximum of only four bonds.
Problem 7 : What happens when
(a) FeSO4 reacts with K2Cr2O7/H+ and then K4[Fe(CN)6] is added.
(b) FeSO4 is strongly heated.
Solution: (a) 6FeSO4 + K2Cr2O7 + 7H2SO4  3Fe2(SO4)3 + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 7H2O
4Fe3+ + 3K4[Fe(CN)6]  Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 + 12K+

(b) 2FeSO4    Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3
Problem 8 : Comment on each of the following observations:
(a) When an aqueous solution of potassium cyanide is added to aluminium sulphate,
Al(OH)3 is precipitated.
(b) The carbide Mg2C3 liberated propyne ((CH3C  CH) on treatment with water..
(c) Magnesium silicide reacts with ammonium bromide in liquid ammonia to form
silane.
SiMe 2 Me
(d) Me2 Si Si

SiMe 2 H

Is hydrolysed by aqueous alkali at the same rate as the corresponding Si – D

compound.
Solution: (a) Aqueous solution of KCN is alkaline due to hydrolysis of CN – ion.

CN –  N 2O 
 HCN  OH –
weak acid

OH – formed causes precipitation of Al2 (SO4)3 as Al(OH)3

Al3  3OH – 
 Al(OH)3 

 2Mg 2   C34–
(b) Mg 2 C3 

C34– ion is decomposed by H2O giving CH3C  CH

C3– — C  C –  4H 2 O 
 CH3 — C  CH  4OH –

2Mg 2  4OH – 
 2Mg(OH)2

Net: Mg 2 C3 + 4H 2O 
 2Mg(OH)2 + CH 3 — C  CH
(c) Solutions of NH4Br (in general ammonium halide) in NH3 may be used as acids and
SiH4 (silane) is formed when NH4Br in NH3 reacts with Mg2Si (magnesium silicide)
Chemistry : Preparation & Properties of Compounds

Mg 2Si  4NH 4 Br 
 SiH 4  2MgBr2  4NH 3
magnesium silicide silane

(d) Si—H or Si—D bond is not broken in rate determing step, it is probable that there is
attack of OH – on Si.
Problem 9: Compound (A)
(i) On strong heating gives two oxides of sulphur
(ii) On adding aqueous NaOH solution to its aqueous solution, a dirty green ppt is
obtained which starts turning brown on exposure to air. Identify (A) and give
chemical equations involved.

Solution: 2FeSO 4   Fe 2 O3  SO 2  SO3
(A)

FeSO4  2NaOH 
 Fe(OH)2  Na 2SO 4
(O)
Fe(OH)2    Fe(OH)3
Problem 10 : Silver nitrate gives a white precipitate with aqueous sodium thiosulphate; the precipitate
dissolves in excess of thiosulphate. If the precipitate is heated with water it turns
black, and the supernatant liquid then gives a white precipitate with acidified barium
nitrate solution.
Solution: When sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) solution is added to silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution,
there is a white precipitate due to the formation of silver thiosulphate (Ag2S2O3); these
precipitate dissolve in excess of sodium thiosulphate due to the formation of the complex
[Ag(S2O3)2]3–

2AgNO3  Na 2S2 O3 
 Ag 2S2 O3   2NaNO3
silver thiosulphate
(white precipitate)

Ag 2S2 O3  3Na 2S2 O3 

 2Na 3[Ag(S2 O3 )2 ]
sodium argentothiosulphate

If the precipitate of Ag2S2O3 is heated, there is disproportionation giving black precipitate of

Ag2S and soluble H2SO4 which remains in the upper (supernatant) layer which gives white
precipitate (of BaSO4) with Ba(NO3)2 solution.

Ag 2S2 O3  H 2 O 
 Ag 2S   H 2SO 4
white precipitate black precipitate

H 2SO 4  Ba(NO3 ) 2 
 BaSO 4   2HNO3H
white precipitate
 Chemistry : Preparation & Properties of Compounds

SECTION - II
SINGLE CHOICE PROBLEMS
Problem 1 : Borax on heating strongly above its melting point produces a compound which is called
borax bead. It consists of
(a) Sodium borate (b) Sodium metaborate
(c) Boric anhydride (d) (b) and (c) both
Solution : Na 2 B4 O7  10H 2 O  2NaBO 2  B2 O3  10H 2 O
Sodium metaborate Boric anhydride

And. (d)
Problem 2 : The most soluble halide in water is
(a) CaF2 (b) CaCl2
(c) CaI2 (d) CaBr 2
Solution : (c) ln (c), i.e., CaI2 lattice energy is less than hydration energy.
(a), (b) and (d) are not soluble because lattice energy dominates over hydration energy.
Ans. (c)
Problem 3 : Which oxide of nitrogen is white solid
(a) NO (b) N2O
(c) N2O5 (d) N2O3
Solution : (c) N2O5 is a white solid due to high molecular weight and more van der Waal’s forces of
attraction.
(a) NO is not a solid, it is colourless gas.
(b) N2O is not a solid, it is colourless gas.
(d) N2O3 is greenish-blue gas.
Ans. (c)
Problem 4 : Oxygen is best absorbed by
(a) NaOH (b) conc. H2SO4
(c) HCl (d) pyrogallol
Solution : (d) Pyrogallol is the best absorber of O2 because it is a good reducing agent.
(a) NaOH does not absorb O2.
(b) Conc. H2SO4 does not absorb O2. It can absorb H2O.
(c) HCl does not absorb O2. HCl (g) can absorb water
Ans. (d)
Problem 5 : The oxide of the chlorine is a colourless oily liquid and most acidic
(a) Cl2O (b) ClO2
(c) Cl2O5 (d) Cl2O7
Solution : (d) is correct answer because higher the oxidation state more will be acidic character. It is
colourless because Cl7+ does not have unparied electron.
(a), (b) and (c) are ruled out.
Ans. (d)
Chemistry : Preparation & Properties of Compounds

Problem 6 : Which of the following is correct

(a) HOCl > HOBr > HOI (b) HOBr > HOCl > HOI
(c) HOI > HOBr > HOCI (d) HOBr > HOI > HOCl
Solution : The conjugate base stability if ClO– > BrO– > IO– because Cl being small size atom can
form effective -bond with oxygen.
(b), (c) and (d) are ruled out.
Ans. (a)
Problem 7 : Which of the following is called super acid
(a) SbF5 (b) FSO3H
(c) HClO4 (d) both (a) and (b)
Solution : (d) SbF5 has strong tendency to accept electron. FSO3H is even stronger because ‘F’ is
most electronegative.
Ans. (d)
Problem 8 : In oxoacids of chlorine, Cl—O bond contains
(a) p – p bond (b) d – d bond
(c) p – d bond (d) d – f bond
Solution : (c) is correct because excited electron is present in d-orbital of chlorine.
The chlorine atom is sp3 hybridized. All the unpaired electrons in p-orbitals are used for
-bond formations while only unpaired electrons in d-orbitals are left which form -bonds
with p-orbitals of oxygen.
(a) is possible only if both the elements use p-electrons
(b) is possible only between transition atoms.
(d) is impossible because d and f orbital do not overlap easily.
Ans. (c)
Problem 9 : When sulphur is dissolved in oleum, a deep blue coloured solution containing polyatomic
sulphur cation is obtained. The formula of cation present is
(a) S42+ (b) S82+
(c) S192+ (d) S162+
Solution : (b) S82+ are deep blue in colour.
(a) S42+ are bright yellow ions.
(c) S192+ form bright red solution.
(d) S162+ are not produced
Ans. (b)
Problem 10 : When perchloric acid is reacted with phosphorus pentaoxide at – 10°C then
(a) Cl2O3 is obtained (b) H3PO2 is obtained
(c) H3PO4 and Cl2O7 are obtained (d) ClO2 is obtained
Solution : Phosphorus pentaoxide is a dehydrating agent and it will dehyrate perchloric acid to Cl2O7
along with the formation of H3PO4.
Hence, choice (c) is correct while (a), (b) and (d) are incorrect.
Ans. (c)
 Chemistry : Preparation & Properties of Compounds

SECTION - III
MULTIPLE CHOICE PROBLEMS
Problem 1: Which of the following reactions show oxidising property of chlorine?
(a) FeSO4 + Cl2 + H2SO4  Fe2(SO4)3 + HCl
(b) Na2SO3 + Cl2 + H2O  Na2SO4 + 2HCl
(c) Na2S2O3 + Cl2 + H2O  Na2SO4 + HCl + S
(d) none of these
Solution : (a) Cl2 is oxidising FeSO4 into Fe2(SO4)3.
(b) Cl2 is oxidising Na2SO3 to Na2SO4
(c) Cl2 is oxidising Na2S2O3 to sodium sulphate and S
(d) is ruled out.
Ans. (a, b, c)
Problem 2: Which of the following are amphoteric?
(a) BeO (b) Ag2O
(c) CO2 (d) SnO2
Solution : (a), (b) BeO and SnO2 are amphoteric
(b) is not amphoteric. It is weakly basic.
(c) CO2 is acidic.
Ans. (a, d)
Problem 3: Which of the following can produce phosphine under suitable conditions.
(a) Ca 3P 2 (b) P 4
(c) H3PO 3 (d) H3PO 4
Solution : (a) Ca3P2 + 6H2O  3Ca(OH)2 + 2PH3
(b) P4 + 3 KOH + 3H2O  2 KH2PO2 + PH3
(c) 4H3PO3  3 H3PO4 + PH3 asnd (d) is ruled out.
Ans. (a, b, c)
Problem 4: Which of the following is tribasic acid?
(a) H4P2O5 (Pyrophosphorus acid) (b) H4P2O6 (Isohydrophophoric acid)
(c) H3PO4 (Phosphoric acid) (d) H4P2O7 (Pyrophosphoric acid)
Solution : (a) is dibasic acid
(b) is tri basic acid
(c) is tri basic acid
(d) is tetra basic acid
Ans. (b, c)
Problem 5: Thomas slag is
(a) Ca3(PO4)2 + CaSiO3 (b) It is a bye product in steel industry
(c) Ca 3(PO4)2 (d) CaSiO3
Chemistry : Preparation & Properties of Compounds

Solution : (a) and (b) are correct. (factual) (c) and (d) are not correct.
Ans. (a, b)
Problem 6: The molecules which are pyramidal
(a) PH 3 (b) NH3
(c) NCl3 (d) BCl3
Solution : a, b, c are pyramidal structure and sp3 hybridised
d is sp2 hybridised and trigonal planar structure.
Ans. (a, b, c)
Problem 7: Which of the following are not correct order of bond dissociation energy
(a) N2 < O2 < F2 < Cl2 (b) F2 < Cl2 < O2 < N2
(c) F2 < Cl2 < N2 < O2 (d) N2 < Cl2 < F2 < O2
Solution : Order in (a) is not correct
Order in (c) is not correct
Order in (d) is not correct
Order in (b) is correct because bond energy order if
F – F < Cl–Cl < 0 = O < N  N
Further, greater the bond order greater the bond energy. Out of F—F and Cl—Cl, Cl2 has
greater bond energy because in Cl2, there is p-d bond bonding on either sides.
Ans. (a, c, d)
Problem 8: Which of the following do not have triangular planar structure
(a) ClF3 (b) CH3+
(c) SF4 (d) XeF2
Solution : (b) ClF3 is T-shaped due to 3 bonded pair (bp) and 2 lone pair (lp) of electrons.
(c) SF4 has see-saw shape due to 4 bp and one lp.
(d) XeF2 is linear due to 2 bp and 3 lp.
(a) CH3+ is correct because it is sp2 hybridised and has trigonal planar structure.
Ans. (b, c, d)
Problem 9: Which of the following have square pyramidal structure
(a) IF5 (b) XeOF4
(c) XeF4 (d) XeF2
Solution : (a) IF5 and (b) XeOF4 both are sp3d2 hybridised with one lone pair of electron, therefore,
square pyramidal.
Ans. (a, b)
Problem 10: Which of the following can react with F2?
(a) Ne (b) He
(c) Xe (d) Kr
Solution : (c) Xe + F2  XeF2, Xe + 2F2  XeF4
(d) Xe + 3F2  XeF6, Kr + F2  KrF2
(a) Ne and (b) He do not react due to smaller atomic size, higher IE and lower polarisability.
Ans. (c, d)
 Chemistry : Preparation & Properties of Compounds

MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS
SECTION - IV
COMPREHENSION TYPE PROBLEMS

Write up – I
An inorganic salt ‘A’ behaves like a lewis acid and fumes in moist air. The intensity of fumes increases
when NaOH is added dropwise but the precipiate dissolves on adding excess of NaOH. However, on
adding NH4Cl and NH4OH (in excess) to the salt solution of ‘A’, a white precipitate is obtained,
identify the salt ‘A’.

Problem 1 : The salt is

(a) BF3 (b) BeCl2
(c) AlCl3 (d) Al2O3
Solution : Though BF3, BeCl2, AlCl3 are Lewis acids only AlCl3 fumes in moist air because it get,
hydrolysed to form HCl.
Hence, choice (c) is correct and choices (a), (b) and (d) are ruled out.
Ans. (c)
Problem 2 : AlCl3 in anhydrous state exists as
(a) Al2Cl4 (b) Al2Cl6
(c) Al2Cl8 (d) Al2Cl3

Cl Cl Cl
Solution : AlCl3 in the anhydrous state exists as Al Al i.e., Al2Cl6.
Cl Cl Cl

Hence, choice (b) is correct while choices (a), (c) and (d) are incorrect.
Ans. (b)
Problem 3 : AlCl3 absorbs moisture readily because
(a) the hydration energy is high
(b) the lattice energy is low
(c) hydration energy overcomes lattice energy
(d) lattice energy overcomes hydration energy
Solution : AlCl3 absorbs moisture readily because hydration energy is so high due to high charge and
small size of Al3+ that it overcomes the high lattice energy. Hence, choice (c) is correct
while (a), (b) and (d) are incorrect.
Ans. (c)
Chemistry : Preparation & Properties of Compounds

Write up – II
Borax (X) is heated with concentrated HCl or H2SO4 when a sparingly soluble compound ‘A’ separates
out. Compound B on heating gives compound C. Compound C on heating with K gives an amorphous
variety of an element with high melting point.

Problem 4 : Borax on heating with NH4Cl gives

(a) [B(OH)2] [NH4] (b) BN
(c) H3BO3 (d) B2O3
Solution : Na2B4O7 on heating with NH4Cl gives boron nitride, i.e., BN.
Hence, choice (b) is correct while (a), (c) and (d) are incorrect.
Ans. (b)
Problem 5 : The compound B in the passage given is
(a) BX3 (b) BSO4
(c) H3BO3 (d) H2B4O7

Solution : Na 2 B4 O7  2HCl 
 2NaCl  H 2 B4 O 7
(X) (B)

or

Na 2 B4O 7  H 2SO4 
 Na 2SO4  H 2 B4O7
(X) (B)

Hence, choice (d) is correct.

While (a), (b) and (c) are incorrect.
Ans. (d)
Problem 6 : The compound C and the element with high melting point is
(a) B2O3 and B (b) H2B2O7 and B
(c) B2O + B (d) B2O3 + H4B2O7

Solution : When compound B is heated, then H 2 B 4 O7 


 2B2 O3  4H 2 O
(C)

The element with high melting point is boron.

i.e., B2 O3  6K 
 3K 2 O  2B
(element with
high melting point)

Hence, choice (a) is correct while (b), (c) and (d) are incorrect
Ans. (a)
 Chemistry : Preparation & Properties of Compounds

MATCHING TYPE PROBLEM

7. Column (I) Column (II)
(a) Nitrolim (p) Temporary bleaching agent, bleaches by reduction
(b) CaO (q) N2O used in minor dental surgery
(c) Laughing gas (r) Used in drying NH3
(d) Sulphur dioxide (s) CaCN2 + C, used as fertilizer.
Sol. (a)  (s); CaC2  N 2 
 CaCN 2  C
Nitrolim

Nitrolim is used as fertilizer because it liberates NH3 on hydrolysis.

CaCN2 + 3H2O  CaCO3 + 2NH3
(b)  (r); CaO is used for drying NH3.
(c) (q); N2O is called laughing gas because it attacks nervous system. It is used as anaesthetic.
(d) (p); SO2 is used as temporary bleaching agent. It bleaches by reduction.
SO2 + H2O  H2SO3
H2SO3 + Dye  H2SO4 + colourless
air
Colourless   Coloured
Ans. (a) — (s) (b) — (r)
(c) — (q) (d) — (p)

ASSERTION-REASON TYPE PROBLEMS

The question given below consist of an ASSERTION and the REASON. Use the following key for the
appropriate answers
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion
(c) If Assertion is correct but Reason is not correct.
(d) If Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
8. Assertion : LiCl is predominantly a covalent compound.
Reason : Electronegativity difference between Li and Cl is too small.
Solution : Assertion is true but reason is false.
Due to high polarizing power of Li+, LiCl is a covalent compound.
Ans. (c)
9. Assertion : Alkali metals are very easily reduced.
Reason : Alkali metals have very low values of ionization energies.
Solution : Assertion is false but reason is true.
Alkali metals are very easily oxidized.
Ans. (d)
10.Assertion : Sodium cannot be obtained by chemical reduction of its ore.
Reason : Sodium is one of the strongest reducing agents.
Solution : Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Ans. (a)