CE543 | CE CORRELATION COURSE

CHAPTER 3
FUNDAMENTALS
OF GEOMETRY

MODULE 6
SOLID GEOMETRY
This module serves as a review for the BSCE graduating students in the
fundamental principles of geometry aligned with the scope and provisions of the
civil engineering licensure examination to ensure that they will meet the necessary
technical and professional knowledge to face the board examination with
confidence and ease.

Objectives
• To provide a refresher course for the fundamental principles of geometry.

6.1 Polyhedrons

Polyhedrons are solids whose faces are plane polygons.

Regular Polyhedrons are polyhedrons having identical faces. There are only
five known regular polyhedrons, namely: tetrahedron, hexahedron,
octahedron, dodecahedron, and icosahedron.

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• Euler’s Polyhedron Theorem

𝑓 = 2+𝑒−𝑣
Where: f – number of faces of the polyhedron
e – number of edges of the polyhedron
v – number of vertices of the polyhedron
m – number of polygons meeting at a vertex
n – number of vertices of each polygon
𝑛𝑓 𝑛𝑓
𝑒= 𝑣=
2 𝑚

E6-1 The faces of a solid figure are all triangles. The figure has nine vertices. How
many faces does the figure have?

6.2 Prisms

Prisms are polyhedron whose bases are equal polygons in parallel planes
and whose sides are parallelograms.

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• Rectangular Parallelepiped

Volume: 𝑉 = (𝑎𝑏)(𝑐)
Lateral Area: 𝐴𝐿 = 2(𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑐)
Surface Area: 𝐴𝑆 = 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑐)
Face Diagonal: 𝑑3 = √𝑎2 + 𝑐 2
Space Diagonal: 𝑠 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2
• Truncated Prism

ℎ1 +ℎ2+⋯+ℎ𝑛
Volume: 𝑉 = 𝐴𝑅 𝑛

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E6-2 If an edge of a cube is increased by 33%, by how much is the total surface
area increased?

6.3 Pyramids and Cones

Pyramids are polyhedron with a polygonal base and triangular faces that
meet at a common point called the vertex.
Cone is a solid bounded by a conical surface (lateral surface) whose
directrix is a closed curve, and a plane (base) which cuts all the elements.

• Frustum of a Pyramid

6.4 Cylinders

Cylinder is the surface generated by a straight-line intersecting and moving

along a closed plane curve, the directrix, while remaining parallel to a fixed
straight line, called the axis, that is not on or parallel to the plane of the
directrix.

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6.5 Spheres

Sphere is a solid bounded by a closed surface every point of which is

equidistant from a fixed point called center.

• Spherical Segment (1 Base)

𝜋ℎ2
𝐴𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ 𝑉 = (3𝑟 − ℎ)
3

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• Spherical Segment (2 Bases)

𝜋ℎ
𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ 𝑉= (3𝑎2 + 3𝑏2 + ℎ2 )
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• Spherical Sector

• Spherical Wedge

𝜋𝑟 2 𝜃
For Spherical Lune: 𝐴𝑙𝑢𝑛𝑒 = 90°

E6-3 Calculate the lateral area, surface area and volume of the truncated
square pyramid whose larger base edge is 24 cm, smaller base edge is 14
cm and whose lateral edge is 13 cm.

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E6-4 The base of a truncated prism is a triangle with sides AB=20 cm, BC=12 cm,
and CA=18 cm. The vertical edges through the corners A, B, and C are 20,
40, and 35 cm respectively. Determine the volume of the truncated prism.
E6-5 A sphere of radius 8 cm is cut by two parallel planes, one passing 2 cm from
the center and the other 6 cm from the center. Determine the following:
a. Volume of the frustum between the two planes if both planes are on
the same side of the center.
b. Area of the zone between the planes.
c. Volume of spherical frustum formed if only a single plane passes 3 cm
from the center

E6-6 A spherical wedge is cut with a central angle of 45° and has a volume of
150 cm3. What is the radius of the sphere?

E6-7 A right circular frustum of a cone has diameters of 10 m and 6 m,

respectively. If its slant height is 5 m. Determine its lateral area and volume.

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