International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 119 No. 15 2018, 1557-1564

ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/
Special Issue
http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

SECURED TRANSMISSION OF BIOMETRIC CONTENT

USING
VISUAL CRYPTOGRAPHY
S. EsaiPuvanesh
UG Scholar, CSE
Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr,Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College,

S. Prakasam
UG Scholar, CSE
Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr,Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College

S. Vignesh
UG Scholar, CSE
Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr,RangarajanDr.Sakunthala Engineering College
vickydj1602@gmail.com

G. Madasamy Raja, Associate Professor,

Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College
Chennai – India 600 062
madasamyraja@veltechmultitech.org

ABSTRACT - Biometric technology is the identified by his or her inherent physical or

safest technology to implement the security behavioral traits. The physical traits may be
measures to measure a person’s unique in the form of fingerprint recognition, retina
physical and behavioral characteristics. The recognition, facial recognition, iris
main aim of the biometric technology is to recognition, voice recognition, etc. In the
ensure that the authenticated person is using supervised manner, initially biometric
the system and thereby avoiding the features of a particular person is extracted
unauthorized access. The idea behind the and stored in the biometric features database
biometric technology is the concept that and the system is trained with those features.
every human being can be correctly Later that particular person is undergoing for

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the biometric checking to verify his or her content, that is the biometric features are
authentication. Nowadays the security of encrypted through edge computing that
those biometric features are very very results in improved security and privacy of
important in the sense, if those features are biometric and other critically private
stolen or accessed by the hackers, then the information.
hackers can simulate a person with those
KEYWORDS:
biometric features for the fraudulent
Biometric Technology, Visual Cryptography,
activities. The main aim of this study is Discrete Wavelet Transform, Encryption, Decryption.
related to security and privacy of biometric

1. INTRODUCTION

The problems related to security and
privacy of biometric content is a major
concern in providing security to critically
private information. Visual cryptography is
an approach to secure data that is to be
shared through generating multiple shares.
There are numerous cases of individual
privacy breaches relating to personal
information and multimedia content due to
the limited protection. The proposed work
deals with the security of biometric content,
specially face images. Fig. 1 shows the
block diagram for the fundamental image
processing tasks. The sub task preprocessing
is one of the important tasks in any kind of
image processing application. The
protection mechanism in the preprocessing
should not degrade the visual quality of the
image so that the difference of the
recognition rate before and after the
application of the mechanism should be a
minimum. The key function of
preprocessing is to improve the image in
ways-that increase the chances for success

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of the other processes. Preprocessing follows: section 2 deals with the related
typically deals with techniques for works relevant to present visual
enhancing contrast, removing noise, and cryptography technique for hiding the
isolating regions whose texture indicate a biometric images. Section 3 describes about
likelihood of alphanumeric information. the proposed algorithm with block diagram
This study selects wavelet transform for and shows some results. Section 4 throws
preprocessing before the biometric features some light on the future extension of this
are extracted. Fig. 2 shows the architecture study and finally sections 5 conclude this
diagram for the encryption and decryption paper.
process. The organization of this paper is as

Fig. 1 Fundamental steps in digital

image processing

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Input – The face image is captured from the
user.
Conversion – The RGB color image is
converted to grayscale.
Preprocessing – The image is decomposed
using DWT.
Encryption – The preprocessed image is
encrypted and stored in database.
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Decryption – When user wants to access the
files the sample image is decrypted.
Biometric matching – The captured image
and sample image are verified.
Authorization – In case of face recognition,
the faces are matched for a successful
match, else error message will be displayed.
2. RELATED WORK
In the existing method, the
encryption mechanism was used with
watermarking [1-4], to protect biometric
templates. This technique was achieved
through a 2-share mechanism on the
biometric template and watermarking is
done by swapping the Discrete Cosine
Transform (DCT) coefficients. The major
disadvantage in this method is the lack of
privacy. There is a high risk, where the
biometric templates might be tampered or
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

misused during the transmission. Moreover,
nowadays we are seeing a rapid
development in the field of IoT which
almost sneaks into the each and every major
life applications of people and it is also
expected that IoT and Its applications are
going to dominate in the Information
3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
technology field in the near future [5, 6].
Under this scenario, this kind of security
thread is really dangerous. So, this study
focuses the safety storage of the biometric
features for safer transmission or some
important database like adhaar card
database, bank database etc.
(VC) method changes the input image into

The proposed system for the many numbers of alternate images which

security of biometric images safety saving are called shares. When we regroup the

is enabled through the Weber Local shares, we can recover he input image

Descriptor (WLD) based zero- back. These shares individually reveal no

watermarking allows for watermarking the information about the contents of the image

unique user identity number into the image. and even if an eavesdropper or attacker is

Weber Local Descriptor (WLD) uses able to access to the images, he/she will not

Weber Discrete Wavelet Transform for able to collect meaningful information by

feature extraction and creating the shares. decrypting the image. The following are

Zero-watermarking allows for the water some important benefits that we are going

marking of multimedia content but without to get form this proposed system:

making any changes to it. This is so called  This method gives us a better
watermarked image using visual chance in preserving the integrity of
cryptography [7, 8]. Visual cryptography the biometric content.

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 Since we have decomposed the
image, even if a hacker hacks the
transmission and gets the image it
would be impossible to decrypt the
image.
 This increases the privacy of the
biometric content and improves the
security
Encryption and Decryption Mechanism
After the completion of the
preprocessing stage, the image comes to the
encryption process. Here the image features
[9] are identified from the processed image.
The image is then subjected to visual
cryptography, which generates the shares or
visually encrypts the image. After the
shares are generated they are shared on the
cloud where further processing for different
applications (e.g. face authentication, based
on the same secret key used in the
encryption process) takes place. The
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entities that have legal access to the images
can access accordingly. The encrypted
image is stored on the cloud database. The
visual decryption procedure is then applied
to generate the received zero-watermarked
image. This is the reverse of the DWT
process. The user has to give an input
image. The system gets the input image and
retrieves the sample images from the
database. The decryption process is applied
to the sample images and it is verified with
the input image. The received image is then
decomposed using the Discrete Wavelet
Transform up to level 2. The image
verification is done through Viola Jones
face detection algorithm. Image matching
and image recognition is done to the
images to compare the authenticity of the
images. If the image is verified the user can
access the files, otherwise the user will not
be authorized to view the file.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
4. FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
The scope of our study is limited only to
the face recognition biometric system,
which can be further extended to combine
other biometric templates also with face
template. If so, it will be considered as
multimodal biometric visual cryptography.
5. CONCLUSION
We have chosen the Weber Discrete
Wavelet Transformation and used it to
preserve the privacy of the biometric
contents like finger print template, iris
templates, facial images that are used for
enhancing the security features. We have
used a face recognition security method
which can be used to increase the security
of files stored on the cloud database. We
have increased the privacy of the
transmission channel. Our algorithm is
mainly used to preserve the integrity of the
facial images, thus using technology to
provide a better security mechanism.
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5. REFERENCES
[1] G. Badshah, S. C. Liew, J. M. Zain, and
M. Ali, ``Watermark compression in
medical image watermarking using
Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) lossless
compression technique,'' Journal of Digital
Imaging, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 216-225, Apr.
2016.
[2] O. Nafea, S. Ghouzali, W. Abdul, and E.
U. H. Qazi, ``Hybrid multi bio-metric
template protection using watermarking,''
The Computer Journal, vol. 59, no. 9, pp.
1392-1407, Sep. 2016.
[3] S. Ghouzali, ``Watermarking based
multi-biometric fusion approach,'' in the
Proceedings of First International
Conference on Codes, Cryptology and
Information security, Rabat, Morocco, pp.
342-351, May 2015.
[4] M. A. M. Abdullah, S. S. Dlay, W. L.
Woo, and J. A. Chambers, “A frame work
for iris biometrics protection: A marriage
between watermarking and visual
cryptography,'' IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp.
10180-10193, Nov. 2016.
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