UNIT TEST 5 ● ANSWER KEY
Vocabulary and Grammar
Group A
Vocabulary
Exercise 1
1 mountain range: A mountain range is a group of
mountains.
2 glacier: A glacier is a large area of ice, for example in the
Arctic or Antarctic.
3 peninsula: A peninsula is an area of land that is almost
an island.
4 rainforest: A rainforest is an area of trees in a hot, wet
climate.
5 continent: A continent is a large area of land such as
Europe or Africa.
6 volcano: A volcano is a mountain with an opening
through which gas and hot liquid can escape.
Exercise 2
1 predict: If you predict something, you say that it is likely
to happen.
2 strike: When a tornado strikes, it reaches an area and
has an effect there.
3 burst: If a river bursts its banks, it flows over the banks
and causes flooding.
4 drought: A drought is a period when there is very little
rain.
5 hurricane: A hurricane is a storm with very strong winds.
6 wave: A wave is a moving line of water in the sea.
7 reduce: If you reduce something, you make it smaller or
less important.
Exercise 3
1 recycle: When you recycle something, you use it again or
make it into something new, rather than throwing it
away.
2 pollution: Air pollution is dirt, dust or chemicals in the air.
3 panels: Solar panels are flat pieces of equipment that
collect energy from the sun and change it into electricity.
4 melting: When something melts, it changes from ice into
a liquid.
5 renewable: Renewable energy is energy that can
continue to be used because it is replaced naturally.
6 Organic: Organic food is grown or produced without
chemicals.
7 endangered: An endangered species is one that could
disappear soon.
© 2016 Pearson FOCUS 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE
Grammar
Exercise 4
1 a: We use a/an with jobs.
2 the: We use the with superlatives.
3 the: We use the when the thing we are talking about has
already been mentioned.
4 the: We use the with historical periods
5 –: We use no article when we talk about things in
general.
6 the: We use the when the thing we are talking about has
already been mentioned.
7 –: We use no article with continents, most countries and
cities.
8 an: We use a/an to talk about something for the first time.
9 the: We use the when the thing we are talking about is
known, or is the only one.
10 the: We use the with some countries such as the United
States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.
Exercise 5
1 who: We use who to refer to people in non-defining
relative clauses.
2 which: We use which to refer to things in non-defining
relative clauses.
3 which: We use which to refer to things or a whole idea in
non-defining relative clauses.
4 whose: We use whose to refer to possession in non-
defining relative clauses.
5 where: We use where to refer to places in non-defining
relative clauses.
Exercise 6
1 I’m going to Tokyo with Jenny, whose father is: We use
whose to refer to possession in non-defining relative
clauses.
2 who have worked together for ten years, are starting a
new: We use who to refer to people in non-defining
relative clauses.
3 tells the story of a group of people living on a desert
island, where they have a lot of: We use where to refer
to places in non-defining relative clauses.
4 which is in the middle of Manhattan, is one of my: We
use which to refer to things in non-defining relative
clauses.
5 about polar bears, which was on Channel 1 last night,
has won: We use which to refer to things in non-defining
relative clauses.
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 UNIT TEST 5 ● ANSWER KEY
Vocabulary and Grammar
Group B
Vocabulary
Exercise 1
1 island: An island is an area of land surrounded by water.
2 bank: A river bank is an area of land next to a river.
3 desert: A desert is an area of very dry land, for example
the Sahara.
4 Foothills: Foothills are low hills that are the beginning of a
mountain range.
5 coast: The coast is the land next to the sea.
6 valley: A valley is an area of low land between two hills or
mountains.
Exercise 2
1 extreme: Extreme weather is a lot hotter, colder, dryer
etc., than normal.
2 flooding: When there is flooding, water comes onto the
land from the sea or a river.
3 earthquake: When there is an earthquake, the ground
shakes and buildings are sometimes damaged.
4 tornado: A tornado is a very strong wind that moves in a
circular way.
5 erupt: When a volcano erupts, hot rocks and ash come
out of it.
6 evacuate: To evacuate people means to ask them to
leave their homes because it is not safe for them to stay
there.
7 tsunami: When there is a tsunami after an earthquake, a
very large wave comes onto the land and may cause
damage.
Exercise 3
1 solar: Solar panels are flat pieces of equipment that
collect energy from the sun and change it into electricity.
2 logging: Illegal logging is cutting down trees in a way that
is against the law.
3 environment: The environment is all the air, land and
water around us.
4 transport: Public transport refers to buses, trains and
trams that everyone can use.
5 change: Climate change is the process by which the
weather is changing because of pollution.
6 produce: To produce crops means to grow them.
7 pollution: Air pollution is dirt or chemicals in the air.
© 2016 Pearson FOCUS 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE
Grammar
Exercise 4
1 –: We use no article with continents, most countries and
cities.
2 an: We use a/an to talk about something for the first time.
3 –: We use no article when we talk about things in
general.
4 the: We use the with superlatives.
5 the: We use the when the thing we are talking about is
known, or is the only one.
6 a: We use a/an with jobs.
7 a: We use a/an to talk about something for the first time.
8 the: We use the with some countries such as the United
States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.
9 the: We use the with ordinals.
10 the: We use the when the thing we are talking about
has already been mentioned.
Exercise 5
1 which: We use which to refer to things in non-defining
relative clauses.
2 where: We use where to refer to places in non-defining
relative clauses.
3 whose: We use whose to refer to possession in non-
defining relative clauses.
4 who: We use who to refer to people in non-defining
relative clauses.
5 which: We use which to refer to things or a whole idea in
non-defining relative clauses.
Exercise 6
1 who live in London, are both very involved in: We use
who to refer to people in non-defining relative clauses.
2 which is just off the coast of Australia, has an amazing
range of: We use which to refer to things in non-defining
relative clauses.
3 where I was born, is a fascinating : We use where to
refer to places in non-defining relative clauses.
4 whose identities haven’t been revealed, have decided
that it’s safe to build a dam: We use whose to refer to
possession in non-defining relative clauses.
5 which was set up in the 1990s, campaigns to save : We
use which to refer to things in non-defining relative
clauses.
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