Identify Sentence Elements of the following sentences.

Paragraph 1

1. Managing a truly global multinational company / would / obviously / be/ much simpler/

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if it required only one set of corporate objectives, goals, policies, practices, products and

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2. But / local differences / often / make / this impossible.

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3. The conflict between globalization and localization / has led / to the invention of the

world

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“glocalization”.

4. Companies that want to be successful in foreign markets / have / to be aware of the local

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cultural characteristics that affect the way business is done.

5. The largely Protestant / cultures / on both sides of the North Atlantic (Canada, the USA,

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Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Scandinavia) are essentially individualist.

6. In such cultures, status / has / to be achieved.

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7. You / don’t / automatically / respect / people / just because they’ve been in a company for

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30 years.

Paragraph 2

1. A young, dynamic, aggressive manager with an MBA / can / quickly / rise / in the
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hierarchy.

2. In most Latin and Asian cultures, on the contrary, status /is / automatically / accorded to

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the boss who is more likely to be in his fifties or sixties than in his thirties.

Od

3. This / is/ particularly/ true / in Japan, where companies traditionally have a policy of

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promotion by seniority.

4. A 50-year-old Japanese manager, or a Greek or Italian or Chilean one, would quite simply

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be offended / by having to negotiate with an aggressive, well-educated, but inexperienced

Od

American or German 20 years his junior.

5. He / would / also / want / to take the time to get to know the person with whom he was

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Negotiating , and would not appreciate an assertive American who wanted to sign a deal

immediately and take the next plane home.

6. In northern cultures , the principle of pay-for-performance / often successfully / motivates/

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Salespeople.

Od
7. The more / you / sell, the more / you / are paid.

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Paragraph 3

1. But the principle might well be resisted in more collectivist cultures, and in countries

where rewards and promotion / are expected / to come with age and experience.

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2. Trompenaars / gives / the example of a sales rep / in an Italian subsidiary of a US

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multinational company who was given a huge quarterly bonus under a new policy

imposed by head office.

3. His sales-which had been high for years / – declined / dramatically / during the following

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three months.

4. It was later discovered that he was deliberately/ trying not / to sell more than any of his

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colleagues, / so as not to reveal their inadequacies.

5. He / was / also / desperate not to earn more than his boss,/ which he thought would be an

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unthinkable humiliation that would force the boss to resign immediately.

6. Trompenaars also reports that Singaporean and Indonesian managers / objected / that pay-

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for-performance caused salesmen to pressure customers into buying products they didn’t

really need.

7. This / was / not only bad for long term business relations, but also quite simply unfair
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and ethically wrong.

Paragraph 4

1. But the more demanding work ethos /has /also /lowered /the quality of life for many.

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2. Personal relationships /have suffered /as couples spend so little time together away from

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their offices and even then, much of their free time is spent discussing work projects.

3. Many employees, / as an acceptable consequence of being able to retain their jobs,/tolerate

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a worsening of family life and personal health along with lack of contact with their

children.

Od

4. Fewer people feel secure in their positions and they are thus forced/ to constantly keep

pace

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with the latest development in their fields, which is both tiring and stressful.

Co

5. Whereas once stability was based on one employer/, this/ now /come from / the ability to

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adapt to the new system of working practices.

od

6. The institution which could be relied upon to protect workers/, the trade union,/ has been

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in declined and losing influence/ for two decades.

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7. Twenty years ago, 57% of sixty-four year olds / were working / compared to 37% today.
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Paragraph 5
1. What the future holds for the young / is / rather / uncertain and unclear.
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2. As the birth rate continues to fall, fewer people / will enter / the employment market
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/ and / a shortage of essential skills / will / soon / be / pronounced and evident.

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Conjunction
3. The retirement age / is expected / to rise / in the near future to seventy years old and

pensions

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will not be paid at the same level as in period generations.

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4. Flexibility will be / the key to success and security of tenure / will come from /the ability

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to move with the times.

Co

5. The institution which could be relied upon to protect workers, the trade union, has been in

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declined and losing influence for two decades and perhaps the gravest consequence of the

A S

new work philosophy, is that now older employees are no longer highly regarded for their

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experience but are judged to be worthless.

6. I gave whoever it was a cup of coffee.

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7. The problem is that our computers are out of order.

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