DRUGS MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS COMMON SIDE NURSING

ACTION AND RATIONALE EFFECTS CONSIDERATIONS

Generic name: Ceftriaxone selectively  Meningitis in  Type of blood  rash  Watch for
Ceftriaxone and irreversibly neonates, disorder where the red  diarrhea seizures; notify
inhibits bacterial cell children, and blood cells burst  nausea physician
Trade name: wall synthesis by adults (except called hemolytic  vomiting immediately if
Rocephin binding to pseudomonas anemia.  upset stomach patient develops or
transpeptidases, also infections).  Severe renal  blood clots increases seizure
Dosage & route: called transamidases,  Multiresistant impairment activity.
 dizziness
2 gm TIV every 12 which are penicillin- Gram-negative  Liver problems  headache
hrs. binding proteins infections, in  Disease of the  Monitor signs of
(PBPs) that catalyze  pain or
particular caused gallbladder pseudomembranou
CLASSIFICATION: the cross-linking of the swelling in
by enterobacters.  Yellowing of the skin s colitis, including
Antibiotics peptidoglycan your tongue
 Gonorrhoea in a newborn child diarrhea,
polymers forming the  lump where the
caused by ß-  Diarrhea from an abdominal pain,
bacterial cell wall. medicine was
lactamase infection with fever, pus or
injected
producing Clostridium difficile mucus in stools,
 sweating and other severe
gonococci. bacteria.  vaginal itching or prolonged GI
 Osteomyelitis
or discharge problems (nausea,
caused by
Staphylococcus  vaginal yeast vomiting,
aureus. infection heartburn)
 Disseminated and  anemia
persisting forms  changes in
of Lyme disease. taste
 flushing
 Ceftriaxone is a
cephalosporin
(SEF a low spor
in) antibiotic.
Ceftriaxone is
used to treat many
kinds of bacterial
 infections,
including severe
or life-threatening
forms such as E.
coli, pneumonia,
or meningitis.

Brand name: Inhibits cell wall  Staphylococcal  Vancomycin is  Bitter taste  Monitor signs of
Vancomycin synthesis by binding to infections contraindicated in  Reddish rash hypersensitivity
the D-Ala-D-Ala  Methicillin patients with known on face and reactions and
Trade name: terminal of the resistant hypersensitivity to this upper body anaphylaxis,
Vancocin growing peptide chain staphylococcus antibiotic. (intravenously: including
during cell wall aureus (MRSA) red neck or red pulmonary
Dosage & route: synthesis, resulting in  Pseudomembrano man syndrome, symptoms
1 gm slow IVP in 30 inhibition of the us colitis related to (tightness in the
mins. every 12 hour transpeptidase, which  Enterococcus infusion rate) throat and chest,
prevents further faecium  Low blood wheezing, cough
CLASSIFICATION: elongation and cross- pressure dyspnea) or skin
Glycopeptide linking of the  Vancomycin is a accompanied reactions (rash,
antibiotics peptidoglycan matrix tricyclic by flushing. pruritus, urticaria).
glycopeptide  Nausea  Notify physician or
antibiotic  Vomiting nursing staff
originally derived  Chills immediately if
from the organism  Drug fever these reactions
Streptococcus  High levels of occur.
orientalis. white blood
Vancomycin is cells
used for the (eosinophilia)
treatment and
prevention of
various bacterial
infections caused
by gram-positive
 bacteria,
including
methicillin-
resistant
Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA).
It is also effective
for streptococci,
enterococci, and
methicillin-
susceptible
Staphylococcus
aureus (MSSA)
infections.
Brand name: Mannitol is an osmotic  Used for the  Established anuria due  Dry Mouth  Assess patient for
Mannitol diuretic that is promotion of to renal disease.  Excess signs and
metabolically inert in diuresis before  Pulmonary edema or Urination symptoms of
Trade name: humans and occurs irreversible renal severe pulmonary  Excessive dehydration
Osmitrol naturally, as a sugar or failure becomes congestion. Thirst (decreased skin
sugar alcohol, in fruits established, the  Active intracranial  Headache turgor, fever, dry
Dosage & route: and vegetables. reduction of bleeding except for  Nausea skin and mucous
100 cc every 8 hrs. intracranial during a current  Vomiting membranes, thirst)
pressure, the craniotomy. or signs of fluid
CLASSIFICATION: treatment of  Severe dehydration overload
Osmotic diuretic cerebral edema,  Progressive heart (increased CVP,
and the promotion failure dyspnea,
of urinary  Impaired renal rales/crackles,
excretion of toxic function. edema).
substances.  Electrolyte  Assess patient for
 Mannitol elevates abnormalities anorexia, muscle
blood plasma weakness,
osmolality, numbness,
resulting in tingling,
 enhanced flow of paresthesia,
water from confusion, and
tissues, including excessive thirst.
the brain and
cerebrospinal
fluid, into
interstitial fluid
and plasma.

Brand name: Dexamethasone is a  Dexamethasone  Active Untreated  Increased  Assess involved

Dexamethasone synthetic reduces morbidity tuberculosis appetite systems before and
glucocorticoid which and mortality in  Inactive tuberculosis  Irritability periodically
Trade name: decreases bacterial  Herpes simplex  Difficulty during therapy.
Decadron inflammation by meningitis by infection of the eye. sleeping  Assess for signs of
inhibiting the blunting the  Infection due to a (insomnia) adrenal
Dosage & route: migration of inflammatory fungus.  Swelling in insufficiency
8mg initially, then 4 leukocytes and reversal response  Intestinal infection your ankles (hypotension,
mg TIV every 6 hrs. of increased capillary secondary to caused by the and feet (fluid weight loss,
permeability. It bacterialysis, roundworm. retention) weakness, nausea,
CLASSIFICATION: suppresses normal which frequently  Strongyloides  Heartburn vomiting, anorexia,
Corticosteroids immune response causes detrimental  Muscle lethargy,
 Low thyroid hormone
physiologic levels weakness confusion,
effects.  Impaired restlessness) before
wound healing and periodically
 Increased during therapy.
blood sugar  Monitor intake and
levels. output ratios and
daily weights.
 Observe patient for
peripheral edema,
steady weight gain,
rales/crackles, or
 dyspnea.
 Notify physician or
other health care
professional should
these occur.
Brand name:  Paracetamol has a  Paracetamol is  Acute liver failure  Nausea  Assess patient’s
Paracetamol central analgesic used to treat many  Caloric under nutrition  Vomiting fever or pain: type
effect that is conditions such as  Liver problems  Constipation of pain, location,
Trade name: Tylenol mediated through headache, muscle  Severe renal  Injection site intensity, duration,
and Panadol among activation of aches, arthritis, impairment pain and temperature, and
others descending backache,  A condition where the injection site diaphoresis.
serotonergic toothaches, colds, body is unable to reaction have  Assess allergic
Dosage & route: pathways. Debate and fevers. It maintain adequate been reported reactions: rash,
1 amp PRN exists about its relieves pain in blood flow called with the IV urticaria; if these
primary site of mild arthritis but shock. product. occur, drug may
CLASSIFICATION: action, which may has no effect on  Acetaminophen have to be
Analgesics and be inhibition of the underlying overdose discontinued.
antipyretics prostaglandin inflammation and  Teach patient to
 Acute inflammation of
(PG) synthesis or swelling of the the liver due to recognize signs of
through an active joint. hepatitis C virus. chronic overdose:
metabolite  Paracetamol has bleeding, bruising,
influencing good analgesic malaise, fever, sore
cannabinoid and antipyretic throat.
receptors. properties. It is
suitable for the
treatment of pains
of all kinds.