subject pronouns 4 4 ye you 4 he 4 , they she oa a , 4 1 In nglish, we must always use the subject pronoun, fjamtealan NOT Ammtatian, 1 | |. 1@ are |tali ely it use the pronoun they for the third-person Plural, for People and of jects, They are brothers, ey Are sisters, are my pens bee 2. The first-person pronoun fis always written as a capital letter, Im twelve, 3. We use the pronoun you: * forthe second-person singular; You ave my sister. * forthe second:-person plural You ave my friends, 4 We use the pronoun he to refer to men / boys, He's my brother 5 Weuse the girls, She's my mother, Pronoun she to refer to women / ©3 Present simple of the Verh to be Affirmative form Long form |am_ you are heis she is itis we are youare they are 1. Affirmative sentences with the verb tobe inthe Present simple have the following structure ond Buen She is 2 We use the long form of the vetb in foral Contexts. We use the short form in bath spon English (conversations with friends) and informal written English (email, SMS). 3. In the singular, we use the shor form wth Subject pronouns or proper nouns. She's American, Dan's Scottish, 4 Inthe plural, we only use the short forms ‘subject pronouns. They're from China. Rob and Jo are British. The boys are in my class. Scanned wi CamScanner1 ive adjectives md possessive adjectives always come before the noun they refer to. my per possessive adjectives never appear after a definite or indefinite article, The My book is on the desk our dad Possessive adjectives do not change: there isonly one form for the singular, plural, masculine and feminine. my book my books mybike my bikes my brother my brothers my sister my sisters Youris the possessive adjective for: + the second-person singular (you); He's your father. This is your pen + the second-person plural (you); Good morning! Im your new teacher. hls her its are the possessive adjectives for the third-person singular. * hiss the possessive adjective for a man / boy or male animal, Hes my brother. His car's red eis my dog. His tal is long, * Heris the possessive adjective for a woman / Girl or female animal, Shes my mother, Her cars black. | + ItSis the posses. or object, "5. crocodile! its he, ve adjective for an animal) ad i s very big, Tom’spen > his pen Sandra's book > her book @D Articles Indefinite article ee + The article ais used before words that; + begin with a consonant; abike acomputer_ a big animal + begin with the vowel uwhen itis pronounced [ju] a unit university a uniform 2. The article an is used before words that: + begin with a vowel (a,j, o,u); ananimal —_anexercise + begin witha silent h: an hour 3. The article the does not change and itis used with singular and plural nouns. the cat the cats Scanned with CamScannerao ©Y Present simple of the verb to be © Present si Negative form InteromnaTPle of the Verh rrogative form and short tbe Long form Er = la atninot ee | innat Romanian: fi YX ae [Youarenot | you aren't RGraninn ‘Am |Romanian? | Yes, youare. | No —— eo you: _heisn't Romanian, Are you Yes,lam, ae she isn't Romanian, Povey Insect || Romanian abe herenennle aos [ Is she | Yes, sheis — 4 We aren't | Romanian. Romanian? _| | | (Ou are not | ¥ i pe anian? | Yec ku = tl —— youaren't _| Romanian, IsitRomanian? | Yes, oitism | ey are not t swe... | yes oceania y they aren't | Romanian aewe Yes,youare. | No,youarey]| : : Romanian? | 1 Negative sentences with the verb tobe in the ; a ae ——_| Present simple have the following structur Are you Yes, we are. | No,Wwe arent | Romanian? | Subject U 2 vay ara uibject | am/are no cll Are they Yes, they are. | No, theyarent| We are not__|_ friends Romanian? _| Remember that when we form negative sentences with the verb to be, we add not after the verb. 2 To make the negative short form, we: + add not to the affirmative short form ‘m; !am not your brother, > I’m not your brother. + add nto the affirmative forms are and is. They are not in my classroom. > They aren't in my classroom He is not a good student. > He isn’t a good student. 1 Interrogative sentences with the verb tobe in the present simple have the following structure: Am/Are/ ls subject complement Are | you ten yeaa Remember that when we form interrogative sentences with the verb to be, the verb come: before the subject. 2 We do not answer a question with just Yes or No. We use short answers. ‘Are you Romanian?’ ‘Yes, tam! 3. We form short affirmative answers with Ye subject pronoun + long form of the verb! We cannot answer with the short form oft? verb. asd aka Scanned with CamScannerFr 4 werorms! yonoun ene short form of the verb to be. neg hort negative answers with No, Beas peu) Bera) xs ' ‘mnot, aren't isnt The possessive ’s Weuse the possessive ‘sto show that : something belongs to someone or something, and to show relationships between people. rr PeTeky Kate's book | the students’ classroom. PO ee the men’s cars Jim and Jack's mother 2 Weadd the ‘sto singular nouns. 3. Weadd an apostrophe to regular plural nouns that end in an -s. 4 Weadd ‘to the last noun when we have two or more nouns. 5 We add ‘ to irregular plurals. ®) Question words Who? What? __ Iw Where? a Dene| Which eae ers ia] How oli aaa ee > P b b x > r Pp h B B 1 words used to ask a que: following structure: Question word | am/are/is Interrogative words or question words are nail Each question word is used to find out specific information, Who is your bestfriend? What is your favourite colour? When is your favourite TV programme? ‘Where is the English book? Which is your pen? The blue one or the red one? How old is your granddad? 85 Scanned with CamScanner