FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL

Flavour Fragr. J. 2000; 15: 45±46

Composition of the essential oil of Glaucosciadium

cordifolium (Boiss.) Burtt et Davis from Turkey
È zek,1 B. Demirci1 and H. Duman2
K. H. C. BasËer,1* T. O
1
Anadolu University, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant and Drug Research Centre (TBAM), 26470, EskisËehir, Turkey
2Gazi University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, 06500, Ankara, Turkey

Received 26 June 1999

Revised 19 October 1999
Accepted 20 October 1999

ABSTRACT: The water-distilled essential oil from dried herbal parts of Glaucosciadium cordifolium was
analysed by GC±MS. One hundred and seven components, representing 97.7% of the oil, were characterized.
The major components were limonene (39.7%), a-pinene (12.3%) and b-pinene (10.3%). Copyright # 2000 John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

KEY WORDS: Glaucosciadium cordifolium; Umbelliferae; essential oil; limonene; a-pinene; b-pinene

Introduction Table 1. Composition of the oil of Glaucosciadium

cordifolium (Boiss.) Burtt et Davis
Glaucosciadium cordifolium (Boiss.) Burtt et Davis (syn. Compound RIa %
Siler cordifolium Boiss.) is a monotypic plant of the
Tricyclene 1014 tr
family Umbelliferae growing in the Mediterranean a-Pinene 1032 12.3
region.1 To the best of our knowledge, this is the ®rst a-Thujene 1035 0.4
Camphene 1076 0.1
report on the chemical composition of this species. Hexanal 1093 tr
b-Pinene 1118 10.3
Sabinene 1132 0.6
d-3-Carene 1159 3.9
Experimental a-Phellandrene
a-Terpinene
1176
1188
4.5
tr
Heptanal 1195 tr
Glaucosciadium cordifolium was collected in Konya, Dehydro-1,8-cineole 1197 tr
Limonene 1203 39.7
KaplankoÈy to AladagÆ, 35 km, at an altitude of 1165 m, b-Phellandrene 1218 3.0
on 17 July 1998. The voucher specimens are kept at the cis-Anhydrolinalool oxide 1220 0.1
2-Pentylfuran 1244 tr
Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu (Z)-b-Ocimene 1246 2.5
University, EskisË ehir, Turkey (ESSE 12679). Dried trans-Anhydrolinalol oxide 1254 0.1
g-Terpinene 1255 0.1
herbal parts were water-distilled for 3 h using a (E)-b-Ocimene 1266 1.6
Clevenger-type apparatus to produce oil in 0.7% yield. p-Cymene 1280 6.4
Terpinolene 1290 0.2
(E)-2-Heptenal 1335 tr
3-Octyl acetate 1345 tr
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one 1348 tr
GC±MS Analysis cis-allo-Ocimene 1382 tr
1-Octenyl acetate 1386 tr
Nonanal 1400 tr
The essential oil was analysed using a Hewlett-Packard 1,3,8-p-Menthatriene 1409 tr
GCD system. An Innowax ( polyethylene glycol phase) Rosefuran 1412 0.1
3-Octen-2-one 1415 tr
fused silica capillary column (60 m  0.25 mm i.d., ®lm Perillene 1429 tr
thickness 0.25 mm) was used with helium as carrier gas. g-Campholene aldehyde 1435 tr
2,6-Dimethyl-1,3(E),5(Z),7-octatetraene 1446 tr
GC oven temperature was kept at 608C for 10 min and cis-1,2-Limonene epoxide 1458 0.1
programmed to 2208C at a rate of 48C/min, and then trans-1,2-Limonene epoxide 1468 0.2
4,5-Epoxyterpinolene 1476 0.1
kept constant at 2208C for 10 min, and programmed to (E)-b-Ocimene epoxide 1492 tr
2408C at a rate of 18C/min. Split ratio was adjusted at a-Campholene aldehyde 1500 0.1
(E,E)-2,4-Heptadienal 1506 tr
50 : 1. The injector temperature was 2508C. MS were Dill ether 1529 0.1
Benzaldehyde 1541 tr
* Correspondence to: K. H. C. BasË er, Anadolu University, Medicinal and
Aromatic Plant and Drug Research Centre (TBAM), 26470, EskisË ehir, Turkey. Table continued over page

Copyright # 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Flavour Fragr. J. 2000; 15: 45±46
46 K. H. C. BASËER ET AL.

Table 1. Continued taken at 70 eV. Mass range was m/z 35±425. Library
Compound RIa %
search was carried out using Wiley GC±MS Library
and in-house TBAM Library of Essential Oil Constitu-
Linalol 1553 0.1
8,9-Limonene epoxide I 1565 tr ents. The MS were also compared with those of
1-Methyl-4-acetyl-cyclohex-1-ene 1568 tr reference compounds and con®rmed with the aid of
trans-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol 1570 0.1
8,9-Limonene epoxide II 1571 tr retention indices from published sources. Relative
Pinocarvone 1586 0.3 percentage amounts of the separated compounds were
6-Methyl-3,5-heptadien-2-one 1604 tr
Undecanal 1609 tr calculated from total ion chromatograms by the
Terpinen-4-ol 1611 0.2 computerized integrator.
Rosefuran epoxide 1614 tr
cis-Dihydrocarvone 1624 tr
2-Methyl-6-methylene-3,7-octadien-2-ol 1628 tr
p-Menth-1-en-9-al 1638 tr
cis-p-Menth-2,8-dien-1-ol 1639 0.5 Results and Discussion
trans-Dihydrocarvone 1645 tr
Myrtenal 1648 0.2
Phenylacetaldehyde 1664 tr As shown in Table 1, 107 components were identi®ed,
trans-Pinocarveol 1666 0.4 constituting 97.7% of the Glaucosciadium cordifolium
trans-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol 1678 0.3
(E)-Ocimenyl acetate 1661 tr herb oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (85.6%) and
Cryptone 1687 0.6 oxygenated monoterpenes (8.9%) altogether consti-
p-Mentha-1,8-dien-4-ol 1700 0.1
a-Terpineol 1707 0.2 tuted 95% of the oil with limonene (39.7%), a-pinene
Verbenone 1725 tr (12.3%) and b-pinene (10.3%) as main components.
trans-p-Menth-2-en-1,8-diol 1740 0.1
Phellandral 1744 0.1 Phthalides such as (Z)-ligustilide and (E)- and (Z)-
Piperitone 1748 tr butylidene phthalides which are found in plants of the
Carvone 1751 0.5
cis-Piperitol 1758 0.1 family Umbelliferae such as Ligusticum ocinale,
d-Cadinene 1772 0.1 Angelica ternata, Cnidium ocinale and Apium grave-
p-Methyl acetophenone 1797 tr
Cuminaldehyde 1802 0.1 olens constituted 1.8% of the oil.2,3
Myrtenol 1804 0.2
trans-p-Mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol 1810 0.3
p-Mentha-1(7),5-dien-2-ol 1823 0.7
(E,E)-2,4-Decadienal
2,6-Dimethyl-3(E),5(E),7-octatrien-2-ol
1827
1830
tr
tr
References
b-Damascenone 1835 tr
trans-Carveol 1845 0.5 1. P. H. Davis, Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 4,
p-Cymen-8-ol 1864 0.1 p. 514, University Press, Edinburgh (1972).
(E)-Geranyl acetone 1868 tr 2. B. M. Lawrence, Essential Oils 1988±1991, p. 74, Allured, Carol
cis-Carveol 1882 0.2 Stream, IL, USA (1993).
cis-p-Mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol 1896 0.2 3. Dictionary of Natural Products, Vol. 1, p. 782, Vol. 3, p. 3643,
a-Phellandrene epoxide 1921 0.2
Perilla alcohol 2025 tr
Chapman & Hall, London (1994).
Cumin alcohol 2113 tr
Hexahydrofarnesylacetone 2131 0.1
3,4-Dimethyl-5-pentylidene-2(5H)-Furanone 2170 tr
Thymol 2205 0.1
T-Muurolol 2209 0.1
4-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol 2219 tr
Carvacrol 2240 1.0
4-Isopropylphenol 2243 tr
2-Heptadecanone 2245 tr
1-Pentadecanol 2287 tr
Decanoic acid 2300 tr
Tricosane 2302 tr
Tetracosane 2400 tr
Dodecanoic acid 2503 0.1
(E)-3-butylidene phthalide 2554 0.7
(Z)-Ligustilide 2609 1.0
(Z)-3-Butylidene phthalide 2651 0.1
Heptacosane 2700 tr
Tetradecanoic acid 2713 0.1
Hexadecanoic acid 2931 0.3
Monoterpene hydrocarbons 85.6
Oxygenated monoterpenes 8.9
Sesquiterpenes 0.2
Phthalides 1.8
Hydrocarbons 1.1
Others 0.1
Total 97.7

tr ˆ trace 5 0.1%.
a Retention index on polar column.

Copyright # 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Flavour Fragr. J. 2000; 15: 45±46