RLM Enviro Engg AEala Wk7to8

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2020
REMOTE LEARNING MODULE

COURSE TOPICS and DATE of 2nd Year 1st semester
SUBMISSIONS:
INSTRUCTOR’s PROFILE Module 1 (Week 1 to 2) ENVIRONMENTAL
I. Philippine Major ENGINEERING
Environmental Law
(Part 1)
This course deals with the study
a. Subject Orientation of the ecological framework of
b. Republic Act 9003 sustainable development;
pollution; environments: water,
c. Republic Act 9275 air, and solid; waste treatment
d. Republic Act 8479 processes, disposal, and
Engr. Adelina N. Eala management; government
Module 2 (Week 3 to 4) legislation, rules, and regulation
adelina.eala007@gmail.com
related to the environment and
Adie Novelero Eala II. Philippine Major
waste management; and
Environmental Law
environmental management
(Part 2)
Licensed Civil Engineer and system.
current Head for Program a. Republic Act 6969
Coordination
b. Fines and Penalty +
Prohibited Acts 9003
INSTRUCTOR’s PROFILE
c. Fines and Penalty +
Prohibited Acts 9275 COURSE TOPICS and DATE of
SUBMISSIONS:
d. Fines and Penalty +
Prohibited Acts 8479 Module 4 (Week 7 to 8)
Module 3 (Week 5 to 6) Additional Topics : Basic
International Environmental
III. Philippine Major
Law
Environmental Law
(Part 3) a. Stockholm Declaration
a. Fines and Penalty + b. Rio Declaration
Engr. Michelle C. Millare Prohibited Act 6969
c. Vienna Convention
mickmillare@gmail.com b. Importance of
d. Montreal Protocol
Licensed Environmental Environmental Compliance
Certificate e. Basel Convention
Planner & Civil Engineer and
Director, Center for Skills c. Process of ECC application f. Convention on Biological
Upgrading & Institutional Diversity
Linkages d. Importance of Certificate of
Non Coverage g. Cartagena Protocol
e. Process of CNC application h. Paris Agreement 1
This learning material is for educational purposes and Aitech use only.
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2020

MODULE 4
WARM UP:
1. Explain any environmental issue you have experienced in the past month or week.
2. If you were given a chance to resolve the construction waste management issue, what measure would you
design so as not to affect our environment?
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Determine the Basic International Environmental Laws
2. Discuss the importance of the International Environmental Laws in the Philippine environmental setting
LESSONS:
In this two (2) weeks module, we will discuss the Basic International Environmental Laws. We will also discuss its
importance in the environmental setting we currently have.
1
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Word-cloud-of-the-Stockholm-Declaration-made-by-the-author-using-the-software-ATLASti_fig1_328471757/download
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ACTIVITY 6:
Let us start by making something fun. The list below shows the Basic International Laws that will be discussed in
this module. Choose four (4) of the international laws and using them, make an acrostic related to the
environment and its situation. Use the space provided below for your answers.
Stockholm Declaration Basel Convention
Rio Declaration Convention on Biological Diversity
Vienna Convention Cartagena Protocol
Montreal Protocol Paris Agreement
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READINGS:
Overpopulation,
Urbanization and
The global Consumption Food
problem of production
hazardous/toxic and waste for
waste growing
population
Global energy Global

Climate
demand and Environmental
Change and
renewable Issues rising
energy
temperature
production
Overexploitation
of natural
resources and Biodiversity
ecosystems
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337918765_Current_Environmental_Issues_and_Emerging_Global_Challenges_in_the_21st_Century_for_Environmental_Prot
ection_and_Sustainable_Development pages 6-11 4
https://www.unenvironment.org/interactive/global-environment-outlook/
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READINGS:
STOCKHOLM DECLARATION
Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, having met at Stockholm from 5 to 16 June 1972, having
considered the need for a common outlook and for common principles to inspire and guide the peoples of the world
in the preservation and enhancement of the human environment,
Proclaims that:
1. Man is both creature and moulder of his environment, which gives him physical sustenance and affords him the
opportunity for intellectual, moral, social and spiritual growth. In the long and tortuous evolution of the human race
on this planet a stage has been reached when, through the rapid acceleration of science and technology, man has
acquired the power to transform his environment in countless ways and on an unprecedented scale. Both aspects of
man's environment, the natural and the man-made, are essential to his well-being and to the enjoyment of basic
human rights the right to life itself.
2. The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of
peoples and economic development throughout the world; it is the urgent desire of the peoples of the whole world
and the duty of all Governments.
3. Man has constantly to sum up experience and go on discovering, inventing, creating and advancing. In our time,
man's capability to transform his surroundings, if used wisely, can bring to all peoples the benefits of development
and the opportunity to enhance the quality of life. Wrongly or heedlessly applied, the same power can do incalculable
harm to human beings and the human environment. We see around us growing evidence of man-made harm in many
regions of the earth: dangerous levels of pollution in water, air, earth and living beings; major and undesirable
disturbances to the ecological balance of the biosphere; destruction and depletion of irreplaceable resources; and
gross deficiencies, harmful to the physical, mental and social health of man, in the man-made environment,
particularly in the living and working environment.
4. In the developing countries most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development. Millions
continue to live far below the minimum levels required for a decent human existence, deprived of adequate food and
clothing, shelter and education, health and sanitation. Therefore, the developing countries must direct their efforts to
development, bearing in mind their priorities and the need to safeguard and improve the environment. For the same
purpose, the industrialized countries should make efforts to reduce the gap themselves and the developing countries.
In the industrialized countries, environmental problems are generally related to industrialization and technological
development.
5. The natural growth of population continuously presents problems for the preservation of the environment, and
adequate policies and measures should be adopted, as appropriate, to face these problems. Of all things in the world,
people are the most precious. It is the people that propel social progress, create social wealth, develop science and
technology and, through their hard work, continuously transform the human environment. Along with social progress
and the advance of production, science and technology, the capability of man to improve the environment increases
with each passing day.
5
https://www.ipcc.ch/apps/njlite/srex/njlite_download.php?id=6471
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READINGS:
Proclaims that:
6. A point has been reached in history when we must shape our actions throughout the world with a more
prudent care for their environmental consequences. Through ignorance or indifference we can do massive and
irreversible harm to the earthly environment on which our life and well being depend. Conversely, through fuller
knowledge and wiser action, we can achieve for ourselves and our posterity a better life in an environment more
in keeping with human needs and hopes. There are broad vistas for the enhancement of environmental quality
and the creation of a good life. What is needed is an enthusiastic but calm state of mind and intense but orderly
work. For the purpose of attaining freedom in the world of nature, man must use knowledge to build, in
collaboration with nature, a better environment. To defend and improve the human environment for present and
future generations has become an imperative goal for mankind-a goal to be pursued together with, and in
harmony with, the established and fundamental goals of peace and of worldwide economic and social
Development.
7. To achieve this environmental goal will demand the acceptance of responsibility by citizens and communities
and by enterprises and institutions at every level, all sharing equitably in common efforts. Individuals in all walks
of life as well as organizations in many fields, by their values and the sum of their actions, will shape the world
environment of the future.
Local and national governments will bear the greatest burden for large-scale environmental policy and action
within their jurisdictions. International cooperation is also needed in order to raise resources to support the
developing countries in carrying out their responsibilities in this field. A growing class of environmental
problems, because they are regional or global in extent or because they affect the common international realm,
will require extensive cooperation among nations and action by international organizations in the common
interest.
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READINGS:
The Conference calls upon Governments and peoples to exert common efforts for the preservation and
improvement of the human environment, for the benefit of all the people and for their posterity.
Principles
States the common conviction that:
Principle 1
Man has the fundamental right to freedom, equality and adequate conditions of life, in an environment of a
quality that permits a life of dignity and well-being, and he bears a solemn responsibility to protect and improve
the environment for present and future generations. In this respect, policies promoting or perpetuating
apartheid, racial segregation, discrimination, colonial and other forms of oppression and foreign domination
stand condemned and must be eliminated.
Principle 2
The natural resources of the earth, including the air, water, land, flora and fauna and especially representative
samples of natural ecosystems, must be safeguarded for the benefit of present and future generations through
careful planning or management, as appropriate.
Principle 3
The capacity of the earth to produce vital renewable resources must be maintained and, wherever practicable,
restored or improved.
Principle 4
Man has a special responsibility to safeguard and wisely manage the heritage of wildlife and its habitat, which
are now gravely imperilled by a combination of adverse factors. Nature conservation, including wildlife, must
therefore receive importance in planning for economic development.
Principle 5
The non-renewable resources of the earth must be employed in such a way as to guard against the danger of
their future exhaustion and to ensure that benefits from such employment are shared by all mankind.
Principle 6
The discharge of toxic substances or of other substances and the release of heat, in such quantities or
concentrations as to exceed the capacity of the environment to render them harmless, must be halted in order
to ensure that serious or irreversible damage is not inflicted upon ecosystems. The just struggle of the peoples
of ill countries against pollution should be supported.
Principle 7
States shall take all possible steps to prevent pollution of the seas by substances that are liable to create
hazards to human health, to harm living resources and marine life, to damage amenities or to interfere with
other legitimate uses of the sea.
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READINGS:
Principle 8
Economic and social development is essential for ensuring a favorable living and working environment for man
and for creating conditions on earth that are necessary for the improvement of the quality of life.
Principle 9
Environmental deficiencies generated by the conditions of under-development and natural disasters pose grave
problems and can best be remedied by accelerated development through the transfer of substantial quantities
of financial and technological assistance as a supplement to the domestic effort of the developing countries and
such timely assistance as may be required.
Principle 10
For the developing countries, stability of prices and adequate earnings for primary commodities and raw
materials are essential to environmental management, since economic factors as well as ecological processes
must be taken into account.
Principle 11
The environmental policies of all States should enhance and not adversely affect the present or future
development potential of developing countries, nor should they hamper the attainment
of better living conditions for all, and appropriate steps should be taken by States and international
organizations with a view to reaching agreement on meeting the possible national and international economic
consequences resulting from the application of environmental measures.
Principle 12
Resources should be made available to preserve and improve the environment, taking into account the
circumstances and particular requirements of developing countries and any costs which may emanate- from
their incorporating environmental safeguards into their development planning and the need for making available
to them, upon their request, additional international technical and financial assistance for this purpose.
Principle 13
In order to achieve a more rational management of resources and thus to improve the environment, States
should adopt an integrated and coordinated approach to their development planning so as to ensure that
development is compatible with the need to protect and improve environment for the benefit of their population.
Principle 14
Rational planning constitutes an essential tool for reconciling any conflict between the needs of development
and the need to protect and improve the environment.
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READINGS:
Principle 15
Planning must be applied to human settlements and urbanization with a view to avoiding adverse effects on the
environment and obtaining maximum social, economic and environmental benefits for all. In this respect
projects which arc designed for colonialist and racist domination must be abandoned.
Principle 16
Demographic policies which are without prejudice to basic human rights and which are deemed appropriate by
Governments concerned should be applied in those regions where the rate of population growth or excessive
population concentrations are likely to have adverse effects on the environment of the human environment and
impede development.
Principle 17
Appropriate national institutions must be entrusted with the task of planning, managing or controlling the 9
environmental resources of States with a view to enhancing environmental quality.
Principle 18
Science and technology, as part of their contribution to economic and social development, must be applied to
the identification, avoidance and control of environmental risks and the solution of environmental problems and
for the common good of mankind.
Principle 19
Education in environmental matters, for the younger generation as well as adults, giving due consideration to
the underprivileged, is essential in order to broaden the basis for an enlightened opinion and responsible
conduct by individuals, enterprises and communities in protecting and improving the environment in its full
human dimension. It is also essential that mass media of communications avoid contributing to the deterioration
of the environment, but, on the contrary, disseminates information of an educational nature on the need to
project and improve the environment in order to enable mal to develop in every respect.
Principle 20
Scientific research and development in the context of environmental problems, both national and multinational,
must be promoted in all countries, especially the developing countries. In this connection, the free flow of
up-to-date scientific information and transfer of experience must be supported and assisted, to facilitate the
solution of environmental problems; environmental technologies should be made available to developing
countries on terms which would encourage their wide dissemination without constituting an economic burden on
the developing countries.
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READINGS:
Principle 21
States have, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the
sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental policies, and the responsibility
to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other
States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction.
Principle 22
States shall cooperate to develop further the international law regarding liability and compensation for the
victims of pollution and other environmental damage caused by activities within the jurisdiction or control of such
States to areas beyond their jurisdiction.
Principle 23
Without prejudice to such criteria as may be agreed upon by the international community, or to standards which
will have to be determined nationally, it will be essential in all cases to consider the systems of values prevailing
in each country, and the extent of the applicability of standards which are valid for the most advanced countries
but which may be inappropriate and of unwarranted social cost for the developing countries.
Principle 24
International matters concerning the protection and improvement of the environment should be handled in a
cooperative spirit by all countries, big and small, on an equal footing.
Cooperation through multilateral or bilateral arrangements or other appropriate means is essential to effectively
control, prevent, reduce and eliminate adverse environmental effects resulting from activities conducted in all
spheres, in such a way that due account is taken of the sovereignty and interests of all States.
Principle 25
States shall ensure that international organizations play a coordinated, efficient and dynamic role for the
protection and improvement of the environment.
Principle 26
Man and his environment must be spared the effects of nuclear weapons and all other means of mass
destruction. States must strive to reach prompt agreement, in the relevant international organs, on the
elimination and complete destruction of such weapons.
.
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READINGS:
Highlights of the Stockholm Declaration:
 Also known as the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment and was held in Stockholm, Sweden
from 5-16 June of 1972.
 It was chaired by 113 States, 400 NGOs, 1500 Journalists. 6000 People and 19 Inter-governmental Agencies
 It was marked as a step toward “Sustainability Revolution” and a turning point in the development of international
environmental politics.
 The Stockholm Declaration is regarded as the foundation of other international environmental laws.
 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) was the landmark achievement of this declaration.
Importance in the Philippine environmental setting
 Encourages Philippines to take measures to eliminate or reduce the release of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
into the environment in order to protect human health and the environment.
 Create a POPs Global Monitoring Plan and to create conditions for sustainable monitoring of POPs in the Asian
Region
 POPs are commonly seen and used for the productions below:
Pesticides Industrial Chemical Unintentional Production
https://www.slideshare.net/AbuKhairulBashar/stockholm-declaration
http://intl.denr.gov.ph/un-conventions/article/12-stockholm-convention 11
http://chm.pops.int/TheConvention/ThePOPs/AllPOPs/tabid/2509/Default.aspx
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READINGS:
Rio Declaration
Preamble
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, having met at Rio de Janeiro from 3 to
14 June 1992,
Reaffirming the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, adopted at
Stockholm on 16 June 1972, and seeking to build upon it,
With the goal of establishing a new and equitable global partnership through the creation of new levels of
co-operation among States, key sectors of societies and people,
Working towards international agreements which respect the interests of all and protect the integrity of the
global environmental and developmental system,
Recognizing the integral and interdependent nature of the Earth, our home.
Proclaims that:
Principle 1
Human beings are at the centre of concerns for sustainable development. They are entitled to a healthy and
productive life in harmony with nature.
Principle 2
sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental and developmental policies, and
the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the
environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction.
Principle 3
The right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitable meet developmental and environmental needs of
present and future generations.
Principle 4
In order to achieve sustainable development, environmental protection shall constitute an integral part of the
development process and cannot be considered in isolation from it.
Principle 5
All States and all people shall cooperate in the essential task of eradicating poverty as an indispensable requirement
for sustainable development, in order to decrease the disparities in standards of living and better meet the needs of
the majority of the people of the world.
Principle 6
The special situation and needs of developing countries, particularly the least developed and those most
environmentally vulnerable, shall be given special priority. International actions in the field of environment and
development should also address the interests and needs of all countries.
12
https://www.jus.uio.no/lm/environmental.development.rio.declaration.1992/portrait.a4.pdf.
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READINGS:
Rio Declaration
Proclaims that:
Principle 7
States shall cooperate in a spirit of global partnership to conserve, protect and restore the health and integrity of the
Earth's ecosystem. In view of the different contributions to global environmental degradation, States have common
but differentiated responsibilities. The developed countries acknowledge the responsibility that they bear in the
international pursuit of sustainable development in view of the pressures their societies place on the global
environment and of the technologies and financial resources they command.
Principle 8
To achieve sustainable development and a higher quality of life for all people, States should reduce and eliminate
unsustainable patterns of production and consumption and promote appropriate demographic policies.
Principle 9
States should cooperate to strengthen endogenous capacity-building for sustainable development by improving
scientific understanding through exchanges of scientific and technological knowledge, and by enhancing the
development, adaptation, diffusion and transfer of technologies, including new and innovative technologies.
Principle 10
Environmental issues are best handled with the participation of all concerned citizens, at the relevant level. At the
national level, each individual shall have appropriate access to information concerning the environment that is held
by public authorities, including information on hazardous materials and activities in their communities, and the
opportunity to participate in decision-making processes. States shall facilitate and encourage public awareness and
participation by making information widely available. Effective access to judicial and administrative proceedings,
including redress and remedy, shall be provided.
Principle 11
States shall enact effective environmental legislation. Environmental standards, management objectives and
priorities should reflect the environmental and developmental context to which they apply. Standards applied by
some countries may be inappropriate and of unwarranted economic and social cost to other countries, in particular
developing countries.
Principle 12
States should cooperate to promote a supportive and open international economic sys tem that would lead to
economic growth and sustainable development in all countries, to better address the problems of environmental
degradation. Trade policy measures for environmental purposes should not constitute a means of arbitrary or
unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade. Unilateral actions to deal with
environmental challenges outside the jurisdiction of the importing country should be avoided. Environmental
measures addressing transboundary or global environmental problems should, as far as possible, be based on an
international consensus.
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READINGS:
Rio Declaration
Proclaims that:
Principle 13
States shall develop national law regarding liability and compensation for the victims of pollution and other
environmental damage. States shall also cooperate in an expeditious and more determined manner to develop
further international law regarding liability and compensation for adverse effects of environmental damage caused
by activities within their jurisdiction or control to areas beyond their jurisdiction.
Principle 14
States should effectively cooperate to discourage or prevent the relocation and transfer to other States of any
activities and substances that cause severe environmental degradation or are found to be harmful to human health.
Principle 15
In order to protect the environment, the precautionary approach shall be widely applied by States according to their
capabilities. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be
used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation.
Principle 16
National authorities should endeavour to promote the internalization of environmental costs and the use of
economic instruments, taking into account the approach that the polluter should, in principle, bear the cost of
pollution, with due regard to the public interest and without distorting international trade and investment.
Principle 17
Environmental impact assessment, as a national instrument, shall be undertaken for proposed activities that are
likely to have a significant adverse impact on the environment and are subject to a decision of a competent national
authority.
Principle 18
States shall immediately notify other States of any natural disasters or other emergencies that are likely to produce
sudden harmful effects on the environment of those States. Every effort shall be made by the international
community to help States so afflicted.
Principle 19
States shall provide prior and timely notification and relevant information to potentially affected States on activities
that may have a significant adverse transboundary environmental effect and shall consult with those States at an
early stage and in good faith.
Principle 20
Women have a vital role in environmental management and development. Their full participation is therefore
essential to achieve sustainable development.
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READINGS:
Rio Declaration
Proclaims that
Principle 21
The creativity, ideals and courage of the youth of the world should be mobilized to forge a global partnership In order
to achieve sustainable development and ensure a better future for all.
Principle 22
Indigenous people and their communities, and other local communities, have a vital role in environmental
management and development because of their knowledge and traditional practices. States should recognize and
duly support their identity, culture and interests and enable their effective participation in the achievement of
sustainable development.
Principle 23
The environment and natural resources of people under oppression, domination and occupation shall be protected.
Principle 24
Warfare is inherently destructive of sustainable development. States shall therefore respect international law
providing protection for the environment in times of armed conflict and cooperate in its further development, as
necessary.
Principle 25
Peace, development and environmental protection are interdependent and indivisible.
Principle 26
States shall resolve all their environmental disputes peacefully and by appropriate means in accordance with the
Charter of the United Nations.
Principle 27
States and people shall cooperate in good faith and in a spirit of partnership in the fulfillment of the principles
embodied in this Declaration and in the further development of international law in the field of sustainable
development.
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READINGS:
Highlights of the Rio Declaration:
 Also known as the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, adopted by 178 Member States from 3 to 14
June 1992 at the Earth Summit
 The Declaration promoted principles of/that

o the centrality of human beings to the concerns of sustainable development
o the primacy of poverty eradication
o the importance of the environment for current and future generations and its equal footing with
development
o the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities
o introduced principles relating to participation and the importance of specific groups for sustainable
development
o it requested Member states to put in place adequate legislative instruments to address environmental
issues.
 It guided countries including the Philippines in future sustainable development and the commitment to promote
a sustainable future. The illustration below is the Philippines’ Sustainable Development Goals that started with its
participation to Rio Declaration.
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1127rioprinciples.pdf
Review of Implementation of the Rio Principles
http://intl.denr.gov.ph/component/joodb/article/21-un-conventions/13-united-nations-convention-on-sustainable-development
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280976186_Sustainable_Development_in_the_Philippines 16
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/23366Voluntary_National_Review_2019_Philippines.pdf
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READINGS:
Vienna Convention
Preamble
The Parties to this Convention,
Aware of the potentially harmful impact on human health and the environment through modification of the
ozone layer,
Recalling the pertinent provisions of the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human
Environment, and in particular principle 21, which provides that “States have, in accordance with the
Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign right to exploit their
own resources pursuant to their own environmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure that activities
within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas
beyond the limits of national jurisdiction”,
Taking into account the circumstances and particular requirements of developing countries,
Mindful of the work and studies proceeding within both international and national organizations and, in
particular, of the World Plan of Action on the Ozone Layer of the United Nations Environment Programme,
Mindful also of the precautionary measures for the protection of the ozone layer which have already been
taken at the national and international levels,
Aware that measures to protect the ozone layer from modifications due to human activities require
international co-operation and action, and should be based on relevant scientific and technical
considerations,
Aware also of the need for further research and systematic observations to further develop scientific
knowledge of the ozone layer and possible adverse effects resulting from its modification,
Determined to protect human health and the environment against adverse effects resulting from
modifications of the ozone layer
https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/files/2019-08/VC-Handbook-2012.pdf 17
United Nations Environment Programme
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READINGS:
Vienna Convention
Article 2: General obligations
1. The Parties shall take appropriate measures in accordance with the provisions of this Convention and of
those protocols in force to which they are party to protect human health and the environment against
adverse effects resulting or likely to result from human activities which modify or are likely to modify
the ozone layer.
2. To this end the Parties shall, in accordance with the means at their disposal and their capabilities:
(a) Co-operate by means of systematic observations, research and information exchange in order to
better understand and assess the effects of human activities on the ozone layer and the effects on
human health and the environment from modification of the ozone layer;
(b) Adopt appropriate legislative or administrative measures and co-operate in harmonizing appropriate
policies to control, limit, reduce or prevent human activities under their jurisdiction or control
should it be found that these activities have or are likely to have adverse effects resulting from
modification or likely modification of the ozone layer;
(c) Co-operate in the formulation of agreed measures, procedures and standards for the implementation
of this Convention, with a view to the adoption of protocols and annexes;
(d) Co-operate with competent international bodies to implement effectively this Convention and
protocols to which they are party.
3. The provisions of this Convention shall in no way affect the right of Parties to adopt, in accordance with
international law, domestic measures additional to those referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 above, nor
shall they affect additional domestic measures already taken by a Party, provided that these measures are
not incompatible with their obligations under this Convention.
4. The application of this article shall be based on relevant scientific and technical considerations
Article 3: Research and systematic observations
1. The Parties undertake, as appropriate, to initiate and co-operate in, directly or through competent
international bodies, the conduct of research and scientific assessments on:
(a) The physical and chemical processes that may affect the ozone layer;
(b) The human health and other biological effects deriving from any modifications of the ozone layer,
particularly those resulting from changes in ultra-violet solar radiation having biological effects
(UV-B);
(c) Climatic effects deriving from any modifications of the ozone layer;
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READINGS:
Vienna Convention
d) Effects deriving from any modifications of the ozone layer and any consequent change in UV-B
radiation on natural and synthetic materials useful to mankind;
(e) Substances, practices, processes and activities that may affect the ozone layer, and their cumulative
effects;
(f) Alternative substances and technologies;
(g) Related socio-economic matters; and as further elaborated in annexes I and II.
2. The Parties undertake to promote or establish, as appropriate, directly or through competent international
bodies and taking fully into account national legislation and relevant ongoing activities at both the
national and international levels, joint or complementary programmes for systematic observation of the
state of the ozone layer and other relevant parameters, as elaborated in annex I.
3. The Parties undertake to co-operate, directly or through competent international bodies, in ensuring the
collection, validation and transmission of research and observational data through appropriate world data
centres in a regular and timely fashion.
Article 4: Co-operation in the legal, scientific and technical fields
1. The Parties shall facilitate and encourage the exchange of scientific, technical, socio-economic,
commercial and legal information relevant to this Convention as further elaborated in annex II. Such
information shall be supplied to bodies agreed upon by the Parties. Any such body receiving information
regarded as confidential by the supplying Party shall ensure that such information is not disclosed and
shall aggregate it to protect its confidentiality before it is made available to all Parties.
2. The Parties shall co-operate, consistent with their national laws, regulations and practices and taking into
account in particular the needs of the developing countries, in promoting, directly or through competent
international bodies, the development and transfer of technology and knowledge. Such co-operation shall
be carried out particularly through:
(a) Facilitation of the acquisition of alternative technologies by other Parties;
(b) Provision of information on alternative technologies and equipment, and supply of special manuals
or guides to them;
(c) The supply of necessary equipment and facilities for research and systematic observations;
(d) Appropriate training of scientific and technical personnel.
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READINGS:
Highlights of the Vienna Convention:
 Also known as the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer which was adopted in 1985 and entered
into force in 1988
 Is a treaty on the framework for international cooperation concerning the protection of the ozone layer and provides
observations, research and information exchange on the ozone layer
 The Convention commits all countries to take measures to protect human health and the environment resulting
from modifications to the ozone layer.
 The objectives of the Convention are for Parties to promote cooperation by means of systematic observations,
research and information exchange on the effects of human activities on the ozone layer and to adopt legislative
or administrative measures against activities likely to have adverse effects on the ozone layer.
 The convention has an expected result that ensures the state and protection of the ozone layer and the effects or
ozone depletion are continually assessed, monitored and communicated through the adoption of legislative or
administrative measures.
https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/environment/convention/ozone.html
https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/eccc/documents/pdf/international-affairs/compendium/2018/batch-1/vienna-convention-protection-ozone-layer.pdf
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Montreal Protocol
Preamble
The Parties to this Protocol,
Being Parties to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer,
Mindful of their obligation under that Convention to take appropriate measures to protect human health and the
environment against adverse effects resulting or likely to result from human activities which modify or are likely
to modify the ozone layer,
Recognizing that world-wide emissions of certain substances can significantly deplete and otherwise modify the
ozone layer in a manner that is likely to result in adverse effects on human health and the environment,
Conscious of the potential climatic effects of emissions of these substances,
Aware that measures taken to protect the ozone layer from depletion should be based on relevant scientific
knowledge, taking into account technical and economic considerations,
Determined to protect the ozone layer by taking precautionary measures to control equitably total global
emissions of substances that deplete it, with the ultimate objective of their elimination on the basis of
developments in scientific knowledge, taking into account technical and economic considerations,
Acknowledging that special provision is required to meet the needs of developing countries for these substances,
Noting the precautionary measures for controlling emissions of certain chlorofluorocarbons that have already
been taken at national and regional levels,
Considering the importance of promoting international co-operation in the research and development of science
and technology relating to the control and reduction of emissions of substances that deplete the ozone layer,
bearing in mind in particular the needs of developing countries,
Article 2: Control Measures
1. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period commencing on the first day of the Seventh
month following the date of entry into force of this Protocol, and in each twelve-month period thereafter,
its calculated level of consumption of the controlled substances in Group I of Annex A does not exceed its
calculated level of consumption in 1986. By the end of the same period, each Party producing one or more
of these substances shall ensure that its calculated level of production of the substances does not exceed
its calculated level of production in 1986, except that such level may have increased by no more than ten
per cent based on the 1986 level. Such increase shall be permitted only so as to satisfy the basic domestic
needs of the Parties operating under Article 5 and for the purposes of industrial rationalization between
Parties.
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2. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period commencing on the first day of the thirty-seventh
month following the date of entry into force of this Protocol, and in each twelve-month period thereafter,
its calculated level of consumption of the controlled substances listed in Group II of Annex A does not
exceed its calculated level of consumption in 1986. Each Party producing one or more of these substances
shall ensure that its calculated level of production of the substances does not exceed its calculated level of
production in 1986, except that such levels may have increased by no more than ten per cent based on the
1986 level. Such increase shall be permitted only so as to satisfy the basic domestic needs of the Parties
operating under Article 5 and for the purposes of industrial rationalization between Parties. The
mechanisms for implementing these measures shall be decided by the Parties at their first meeting
following the first scientific review.
3. Each Party shall ensure that for the period I July 1993 to 30 June 1994, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled substances in Group I of Annex A does not
exceed, annually, eighty per cent of its calculated level of consumption in 1986. Each Party producing one
or more of these substances shall, for the same periods, ensure that its calculated level of production of the
substances does not exceed, annually, eighty per cent of its calculated level of production in 1986.
However, in order to satisfy the basic domestic needs of the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article
5 and for the purposes of industrial rationalization between Parties, its calculated level of production may
exceed that limit by up to ten per cent of its calculated level of production in 1986.
4. Each Party shall ensure that for the period I July 1998 to 30 June 1999, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled substances in Group I of Annex A does not
exceed, annually, fifty per cent of its calculated level of consumption in 1986. Each Party producing one
or more of these substances shall, for the same periods, ensure that its calculated level of production of the
substances does not exceed, annually, fifty per cent of its calculated level of production in 1986.
However, in order to satisfy the basic domestic needs of the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article
5 and for the purposes of industrial rationalization between Parties, its calculated level of production may
exceed that limit by up to fifteen per cent of its calculated level of production in 1986. This paragraph will
apply unless the Parties decide otherwise at a meeting by a two-thirds majority of Parties present and
voting, representing at least two-thirds of the total calculated level of consumption of these substances of
the Parties. This decision shall be considered and made in the light of the assessments referred to in
Article 6.
5. Any Party whose calculated level of production in 1986 of the controlled substances in Group I of Annex
A was less than twenty-five kilotonnes may, for the purposes of industrial rationalization, transfer to or
receive from any other Party, production in excess of the limits set out in paragraphs 1, 3 and 4 provided
that the total combined calculated levels of production of the Parties concerned does not exceed the
production limits set out in this Article. Any transfer of such production shall be notified to the secretariat,
no later than the time of the transfer.
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6. Any Party not operating under Article 5, that has facilities for the production of controlled substances
under construction, or contracted for, prior to 16 September 1987, and provided for in national legislation
prior to 1 January 1987, may add the production from such facilities to its 1986 production of such
substances for the purposes of determining its calculated level of production for 1986, provided that such
facilities are completed by 31 December 1990 and that such production does not raise that Party‟s annual
calculated level of consumption of the controlled substances above 0.5 kilograms per capita.
7. Any transfer of production pursuant to paragraph 5 or any addition of production pursuant to paragraph 6
shall be notified to the Secretariat, no later than the time of the transfer or addition.
8. (a) Any Parties which are Member States of a regional economic integration organization as defined in
Article 1 (6) of the Convention may agree that they shall jointly fulfil their obligations respecting
consumption under this Article provided that their total combined calculated level of consumption
does not exceed the levels required by this Article.
(b) The Parties to any such agreement shall inform the Secretariat of the terms of the agreement before
the date of the reduction in consumption with which the agreement is concerned.
(c) Such agreement will become operative only if all Member States of the regional economic
integration organization and the organization concerned are Parties to the Protocol and have notified
the Secretariat of their manner of implementation.
9. (a) Based on the assessments made pursuant to Article 6, the Parties may decide whether:
(i) Adjustments to the ozone depleting potentials specified in Annex A should be made and, if so,
what the adjustments should be; and
(ii) Further adjustments and reductions of production or consumption of the controlled substances
from 1986 levels should be undertaken and, if so, what the scope, amount and timing of any
such adjustments and reductions should be;
(b) Proposals for such adjustments shall be communicated to the Parties by the Secretariat at least six
months before the meeting of the Parties at which they are proposed for adoption;
(c) In taking such decisions, the Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement by consensus. If all
efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, such decisions shall, as a last
resort, be adopted by a two-thirds majority vote of the Parties present and voting representing at least
fifty per cent of the total consumption of the controlled substances of the Parties;
(d) The decisions, which shall be binding on all Parties, shall forthwith be communicated to the Parties
by the Depositary. Unless otherwise provided in the decisions, they shall enter into force on the
expiry of six months from the date of the circulation of the communication by the Depositary.
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10. (a) Based on the assessments made pursuant to Article 6 of this Protocol and in accordance with the
procedure set out in Article 9 of the Convention, the Parties may decide:
(i) whether any substances, and if so which, should be added to or removed from any annex to this
Protocol, and
(ii) the mechanism, scope and timing of the control measures that should apply to those substances;
(b) Any such decisions shall become effective, provided that it has been accepted by a two-thirds
majority vote of the Parties present and voting.
11. Notwithstanding the provisions contained in this Article, Parties may take more stringent measures than
those required by this Article.
Article 5: Special situation of developing countries
1. Any Party that is a developing country and whose annual calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substances is less than 0.3 kilograms per capita on the date of the entry into force of the Protocol for it, or
any time thereafter within ten years of the date of entry into force of the Protocol shall, in order to meet its
basic domestic needs, be entitled to delay its compliance with the control measures set out in paragraphs 1
to 4 of Article 2 by ten years after that specified in those paragraphs. However, such Party shall not
exceed an annual calculated level of consumption of 0.3 kilograms per capita. Any such Party shall be
entitled to use either the average of its annual calculated level of consumption for the period of 1995 to
1997 inclusive or a calculated level of consumption of 0.3 kilograms per capita, whichever is the lower, as
the basis for its compliance with the control measures.
2. The Parties undertake to facilitate access to environmentally safe alternative substances and technology
for Parties that are developing countries and assist them to make expeditious use of such alternatives.
3. The Parties undertake to facilitate bilaterally or multilaterally the provision of subsidies, aid, credits,
guarantees or insurance programmes to Parties that are developing countries for the use of alternative
technology and for substitute products.
Article 9: Research, development, public awareness and exchange of information
1. The Parties shall co-operate, consistent with their national laws, regulations and practices and taking into
account in particular the needs of developing countries, in promoting, directly or through competent
international bodies, research, development and exchange of information on:
(a) best technologies for improving the containment, recovery, recycling, or destruction of controlled
substances or otherwise reducing their emissions;
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(b) possible alternatives to controlled substances, to products containing such substances, and to
products manufactured with them; and
(c) costs and benefits of relevant control strategies.
2. The Parties, individually, jointly or through competent international bodies, shall co-operate in promoting
public awareness of the environmental effects of the emissions of controlled substances and other
substances that deplete the ozone layer.
3. Within two years of the entry into force of this Protocol and every two years thereafter, each Party shall
submit to the Secretariat a summary of the activities it has conducted pursuant to this Article.
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Highlights of the Montreal Protocol:
 Also known as the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, an international agreement
made in 1987
 It is widely considered as the most successful environment protection agreement that sets out a mandatory
timetable for the phase out of ozone depleting substances such as below:
o CFCs and HCFCs in refrigerators and air conditioners,

o HCFCs and halons in fire extinguishers,
o CFCs and HCFCs in foam,
o CFCs and HCFCs as aerosol propellants, and
o methyl bromide for fumigation of soil, structures and goods to be imported or exported.
Importance in the Philippine Environmental setting
 The Philippines imposed a ban on the importation of CFCs and HCFCs in 2010 and 2013, respectively.
 In 1994, the Philippine Ozone Desk (POD) was created to facilitate and coordinate ODS phase-out projects and
policies for the overall implementation of the country's obligations under the Montreal Protocol. The POD is
under the Environmental Management Bureau, an attached agency of the DENR.
 Over the years, the government has developed, implemented, and updated policies and regulations to regulate,
restrict or prohibit the importation, manufacture, processing, sale, distribution, use and disposal of ODS.
https://www.environment.gov.au/protection/ozone/montreal-protocol
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Basel Convention
PREAMBLE
The Parties to this Convention,
Aware of the risk of damage to human health and the environment caused by hazardous wastes and other wastes
and the transboundary movement thereof,
Mindful of the growing threat to human health and the environment posed by the increased generation and
complexity, and transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and other wastes,
Mindful also that the most effective way of protecting human health and the environment from the dangers posed
by such wastes is the reduction of their generation to a minimum in terms of quantity and/or hazard potential,
Convinced that States should take necessary measures to ensure that the management of hazardous wastes and
other wastes including their transboundary movement and disposal is consistent with the protection of human health
and the environment whatever the place of disposal,
Noting that States should ensure that the generator should carry out duties with regard to the transport and disposal
of hazardous wastes and other wastes in a manner that is consistent with the protection of the environment,
whatever the place of disposal,
Fully recognizing that any State has the sovereign right to ban the entry or disposal of foreign hazardous wastes and
other wastes in its territory,
Recognizing also the increasing desire for the prohibition of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and
their disposal in other States, especially developing countries,
Convinced that hazardous wastes and other wastes should, as far as is compatible with environmentally sound and
efficient management, be disposed of in the State where they were generated,
Aware also that transboundary movements of such wastes from the State of their generation to any other State
should be permitted only when conducted under conditions which do not endanger human health and the
environment, and under conditions in conformity with the provisions of this Convention,
Considering that enhanced control of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and other wastes will act as an
incentive for their environmentally sound management and for the reduction of the volume of such transboundary
movement,
Convinced that States should take measures for the proper exchange of information on and control of the
transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and other wastes from and to those States,
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Basel Convention
Noting that a number of international and regional agreements have addressed the issue of protection and
preservation of the environment with regard to the transit of dangerous goods,
Taking into account the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm,
1972), the Cairo Guidelines and Principles for the Environmentally Sound Management of Hazardous Wastes adopted
by the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) by decision 14/30 of 17 June 1987,
the Recommendations of the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods
(formulated in 1957 and updated biennially), relevant recommendations, declarations, instruments and regulations
adopted within the United Nations system and the work and studies done within other international and regional
organizations,
Mindful of the spirit, principles, aims and functions of the World Charter for Nature adopted by the General Assembly
of the United Nations at its thirty-seventh session (1982) as the rule of ethics in respect of the protection of the
human environment and the conservation of natural resources,
Affirming that States are responsible for the fulfilment of their international obligations concerning the protection of
human health and protection and preservation of the environment, and are liable in accordance with international
law,
Recognizing that in the case of a material breach of the provisions of this Convention or any protocol thereto the
relevant international law of treaties shall apply,
Aware of the need to continue the development and implementation of environmentally sound low-waste
technologies, recycling options, good house-keeping and management systems with a view to reducing to a minimum
the generation of hazardous wastes and other wastes,
Aware also of the growing international concern about the need for stringent control of transboundary movement of
hazardous wastes and other wastes, and of the need as far as possible to reduce such movement to a minimum,
Concerned about the problem of illegal transboundary traffic in hazardous wastes and other wastes,
Taking into account also the limited capabilities of the developing countries to manage hazardous wastes and other
wastes,
Recognizing the need to promote the transfer of technology for the sound management of hazardous wastes and
other wastes produced locally, particularly to the developing countries in accordance with the spirit of the Cairo
Guidelines and decision 14/16 of the Governing Council of UNEP on Promotion of the transfer of environmental
protection technology,
Recognizing also that hazardous wastes and other wastes should be transported in accordance with relevant
international conventions and recommendations,
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Convinced also that the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and other wastes should be permitted only
when the transport and the ultimate disposal of such wastes is environmentally sound, and
Determined to protect, by strict control, human health and the environment against the adverse effects which may
result from the generation and management of hazardous wastes and other wastes,
ARTICLE 1 SCOPE OF THE CONVENTION
1. The following wastes that are subject to transboundary movement shall be “hazardous wastes” for the purposes
of this Convention:
(a) Wastes that belong to any category contained in Annex I, unless they do not possess any of the
characteristics contained in Annex III; and
(b) Wastes that are not covered under paragraph (a) but are defined as, or are considered to be, hazardous
wastes by the domestic legislation of the Party of export, import or transit.
2. Wastes that belong to any category contained in Annex II that are subject to transboundary movement shall be
“other wastes” for the purposes of this Convention.
3. Wastes which, as a result of being radioactive, are subject to other international control systems, including
international instruments, applying specifically to radioactive materials, are excluded from the scope of this
Convention.
4. Wastes which derive from the normal operations of a ship, the discharge of which is covered by another
international instrument, are excluded from the scope of this Convention.
ARTICLE 3 NATIONAL DEFINITIONS OF HAZARDOUS WASTES
1. Each Party shall, within six months of becoming a Party to this Convention, inform the Secretariat of the
Convention of the wastes, other than those listed in Annexes I and II, considered or defined as hazardous under
its national legislation and of any requirements concerning transboundary movement procedures applicable to
such wastes.
2. Each Party shall subsequently inform the Secretariat of any significant changes to the information it has provided
pursuant to paragraph 1.
3. The Secretariat shall forthwith inform all Parties of the information it has received pursuant to paragraphs 1 and
2.
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Basel Convention
4. Parties shall be responsible for making the information transmitted to them by the Secretariat under paragraph 3
available to their exporters.
ARTICLE 4 GENERAL OBLIGATIONS
1. (a) Parties exercising their right to prohibit the import of hazardous wastes or other wastes for disposal shall
inform the other Parties of their decision pursuant to Article 13.
(b) Parties shall prohibit or shall not permit the export of hazardous wastes and other wastes to the Parties which
have prohibited the import of such wastes, when notified pursuant to subparagraph (a) above.
(c) Parties shall prohibit or shall not permit the export of hazardous wastes and other wastes if the State of import
does not consent in writing to the specific import, in the case where that State of import has not prohibited the
import of such wastes.
2. Each Party shall take the appropriate measures to:
(a) Ensure that the generation of hazardous wastes and other wastes within it is reduced to a minimum, taking into
account social, technological and economic aspects;
(b) Ensure the availability of adequate disposal facilities, for the environmentally sound management of hazardous
wastes and other wastes, that shall be located, to the extent possible, within it, whatever the place of their
disposal;
(c) Ensure that persons involved in the management of hazardous wastes or other wastes within it take such steps
as are necessary to prevent pollution due to hazardous wastes and other wastes arising from such management
and, if such pollution occurs, to minimize the consequences thereof for human health and the environment;
(d) Ensure that the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and other wastes is reduced to the minimum
consistent with the environmentally sound and efficient management of such wastes, and is conducted in a
manner which will protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects which may result from
such movement;
(e) Not allow the export of hazardous wastes or other wastes to a State or group of States belonging to an economic
and/or political integration organization that are Parties, particularly developing countries, which have prohibited
by their legislation all imports, or if it has reason to believe that the wastes in question will not be managed in an
environmentally sound manner, according to criteria to be decided on by the Parties at their first meeting;
(f) Require that information about a proposed transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and other wastes be
provided to the States concerned, according to Annex V A, to state clearly the effects of the proposed movement
on human health and the environment;
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(g) Prevent the import of hazardous wastes and other wastes if it has reason to believe that the wastes in question
will not be managed in an environmentally sound manner;
(h) Co-operate in activities with other Parties and interested organizations, directly and through the Secretariat,
including the dissemination of information on the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and other wastes,
in order to improve the environmentally sound management of such wastes and to achieve the prevention of illegal
traffic.
3. The Parties consider that illegal traffic in hazardous wastes or other wastes is criminal.
4. Each Party shall take appropriate legal, administrative and other measures to implement and enforce the
provisions of this Convention, including measures to prevent and punish conduct in contravention of the Convention.
5. A Party shall not permit hazardous wastes or other wastes to be exported to a non-Party or to be imported from a
non-Party.
6. The Parties agree not to allow the export of hazardous wastes or other wastes for disposal within the area south of
60° South latitude, whether or not such wastes are subject to transboundary movement.
7. Furthermore, each Party shall:
(a) Prohibit all persons under its national jurisdiction from transporting or disposing of hazardous wastes or other
wastes unless such persons are authorized or allowed to perform such types of operations;
(b) Require that hazardous wastes and other wastes that are to be the subject of a transboundary movement be
packaged, labelled, and transported in conformity with generally accepted and recognized international rules and
standards in the field of packaging, labelling, and transport, and that due account is taken of relevant
internationally recognized practices;
(c) Require that hazardous wastes and other wastes be accompanied by a movement document from the point at
which a transboundary movement commences to the point of disposal.
8. Each Party shall require that hazardous wastes or other wastes, to be exported, are managed in an
environmentally sound manner in the State of import or elsewhere. Technical guidelines for the environmentally
sound management of wastes subject to this Convention shall be decided by the Parties at their first meeting.
9. Parties shall take the appropriate measures to ensure that the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and
other wastes only be allowed if:
(a) The State of export does not have the technical capacity and the necessary facilities, capacity or suitable disposal
sites in order to dispose of the wastes in question in an environmentally sound and efficient manner; or
(b) The wastes in question are required as a raw material for recycling or recovery industries in the State of import;
or
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(c) The transboundary movement in question is in accordance with other criteria to be decided by the Parties,
provided those criteria do not differ from the objectives of this Convention.
10. The obligation under this Convention of States in which hazardous wastes and other wastes are generated to
require that those wastes are managed in an environmentally sound manner may not under any circumstances be
transferred to the States of import or transit.
11. Nothing in this Convention shall prevent a Party from imposing additional requirements that are consistent with
the provisions of this Convention, and are in accordance with the rules of international law, in order better to protect
human health and the environment.
12. Nothing in this Convention shall affect in any way the sovereignty of States over their territorial sea established in
accordance with international law, and the sovereign rights and the jurisdiction which States have in their exclusive
economic zones and their continental shelves in accordance with international law, and the exercise by ships and
aircraft of all States of navigational rights and freedoms as provided for in international law and as reflected in
relevant international instruments.
13. Parties shall undertake to review periodically the possibilities for the reduction of the amount and/or the
pollution potential of hazardous wastes and other wastes which are exported to other States, in particular to
developing countries.
Highlights of the Basel Convention:
 Also known as the Basel Convention on the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their
disposal that was adopted on 22 March 1989 by the Conference of Plenipotentiaries in Basel, Switzerland, in
response to a public outcry on the discovery of deposits of toxic wastes imported to Africa and other parts of the
developing world.
 The objective of the Basel Convention is to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects
of hazardous wastes. Its scope of application covers a wide range of wastes defined as “hazardous wastes” based
on their origin and/or composition and their characteristics, as well as two types of wastes defined as “other
wastes” - household waste and incinerator ash.
 This convention aims:
o the reduction of hazardous waste generation and the promotion of environmentally sound management
of hazardous wastes, wherever the place of disposal;
o the restriction of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes except where it is perceived to be in

accordance with the principles of environmentally sound management; and
o a regulatory system applying to cases where transboundary movements are permissible.
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ACTIVITY 7:
Using this link https://mb.com.ph/2020/05/28/environmentalists-urge-ph-canada-stop-hazardous-waste-
exports/ read the hazardous waste import from Canada to Philippines. State your opinion on the issue and how
it is related to the Basel Convention as an international environmental law. Write your answer in the space
provided below.
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Convention on Biological Diversity
Preamble
The Contracting Parties,
Conscious of the intrinsic value of biological diversity and of the ecological, genetic, social, economic, scientific,
educational, cultural, recreational and aesthetic values of biological diversity and its components.
Conscious also of the importance of biological diversity for evolution and for maintaining life sustaining systems of
the biosphere,
Affirming that the conservation of biological diversity is a common concern of humankind,
Reaffirming that States have sovereign rights over their own biological resources. Reaffirming also that States are
responsible for conserving their biological diversity and for using their biological resources in a sustainable manner,
Concerned that biological diversity is being significantly reduced by certain human activities.
Aware of the gênerai lack of information and knowledge regarding biological diversity and of the urgent need to
develop scientific, technical and institutional capacities to provide the basic understanding upon which to plan and
implement appropriate measures,
Noting that it is vital to anticipate, prevent and attack the causes of significant reduction or loss of biological diversity
at source,
Noting also that where there is a threat of significant reduction or loss of biological diversity, lack of full scientific
certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to avoid or minimize such a threat.
Noting further that the fundamental requirement for the conservation of biological diversity is the in-situ
conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species
in their natural surroundings,
Noting further that ex-situ measures, preferably in the country of origin, also have an important role to play,
Recognizing the close and traditional dependence of many indigenous and local communities embodying traditional
lifestyles on biological resources, and the desirability of sharing equitably benefits arising from the use of traditional
knowledge, innovations and practices relevant to the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of
its components,
Recognizing so the vital role that women play in the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and
affirming the need for the full participation of women at all levels of policy-making and implementation for biological
diversity conservation,
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Stressing the importance of, and the need to promote, international, regional and global cooperation among States
and intergovernmental organizations and the non-governmental sector for the conservation of biological diversity
and the sustainable use of its components,
Acknowledging that the provision of new and additional financial resources and appropriate access to relevant
technologies can be expected to make a substantial difference in the world's ability to address the loss of biological
diversity,
Acknowledging further that special provision is required to meet the needs of developing countries, including the
provision of new and additional financial resources and appropriate access to relevant technologies,
Noting in this regard the special conditions of the least developed countries and small island States,
Acknowledging that substantial investments are required to conserve biological diversity and that there is the
expectation of a broad range of environmental, economic and social benefits from those investments,
Recognizing that economic and social development and poverty eradication are the first and overriding priorities of
developing countries,
Aware that conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity is of critical importance for meeting the food,
health and other needs of the growing world population, for which purpose access to and sharing of both genetic
resources and technologies are essential,
Noting that, ultimately, the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity will strengthen friendly relations
among States and contribute to peace for humankind,
Desiring to enhance and complement existing international arrangements for the conservation of biological diversity
and sustainable use of its components, and
Determined to conserve and sustainably use biological diversity for the benefit of present and future generations.
Article I. Objectives
The objectives of this Convention, to be pursued in accordance with its relevant provisions, are the conservation of
biological diversity. the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising
out of the utilization of genetic resources, including by appropriate access to genetic resources and by appropriate
transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by
appropriate funding.
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Article 3. Principle
sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental policies, and the responsibility to
ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or
of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction.
Article 4. Jurisdictional Scope
Subject to the rights of other States, and except as otherwise expressly provided in this Convention, the provisions of
this Convention apply, in relation to each Contracting Party: (a) In the case of components of biological diversity, in
areas within the limits of its national jurisdiction; and
(b) In the case of processes and activities, regardless of where their effects occur, carried out under its jurisdiction or
control, within the area of its national jurisdiction or beyond the limits of national jurisdiction.
Article 6. General Measures for Conservation and Sustainable Use
Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities: (a) Develop national
strategies, plans or programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity or adapt for this
purpose existing strategies, plans or programmes which shall reflect, inter alia, the measures set out in this
Convention relevant to the Contracting Party concerned; and (b) Integrate, as far as possible and as appropriate, the
conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity
Article 7. Identification and Monitoring
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, in particular for the purposes of Articles 8 to 10:
(a) Identify components of biological diversity important for its conservation and sustainable use having regard to the
indicative list of categories set down in Annex I:
(b) Monitor, through sampling and other techniques, the components of biological diversity identified pursuant to
subparagraph (a) above, paying particular attention to those requiring urgent conservation measures and those
which offer the greatest potential for sustainable use;
(c) Identify processes and categories of activities which have or are likely to have significant adverse impacts on the
conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, and monitor their effects through sampling and other
techniques; and
(d) Maintain and organize, by any mechanism data, derived from identification and monitoring activities pursuant to
subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c) above
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READINGS:
Article 10. Sustainable Use of Components of Biological Diversity
Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate:

(a) Integrate consideration of the conservation and sustainable use of biological resources into national decision-
making;
(b) Adopt measures relating to the use of biological resources to avoid or minimize adverse impacts on biological
diversity;
(c) Protect аnd encourage customary use of biological resources in accordance with traditional cultural practices that
are compatible with conservation or sustainable use requirements;
(d) Support local populations to develop and implement remedial action in degraded areas where biological diversity
has been reduced; and
(e) Encourage cooperation between its governmental authorities and its private sector in developing methods for
sustainable use of biological resources.
Article 13. Public Education and Awareness
The Contracting Parties shall:

(a) Promote and encourage understanding of the importance of. and the measures required for, the conservation of
biological diversity, as well as its propagation through media, and the inclusion of these topics in educational
programmes; and
(b) Cooperate, as appropriate, with other States and international organizations in developing educational and public
awareness programmes, with respect to conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity.
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READINGS:
Highlights of the Convention on Biological Diversity:
 The overall objectives of the Convention were to establish a means for the conservation of biological diversity, the
sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization
of genetic resources which entered into force on 29 December 1993
 The convention requires implementation through national strategies, plans and programs, and the integration of
conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity into plans, programs and policies for sectors such as
agriculture, fisheries and forestry and for cross-sectoral matters such as land use planning and decision making.
 Member must introduce appropriate procedures for environmental impact assessment of projects, programs and
policies that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity as well as provisions for
encouraging public understanding of the significance of biological diversity and the measures required for its
conservation are also included

National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
Philippine Biodiversity framework for Biodiversity Conservation
http://adlib.everysite.co.uk/adlib/defra/content.aspx?doc=18209&id=18211
https://www.cbd.int/countries/profile/?country=ph 38
https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/ph/ph-nbsap-v3-en.pdf Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2015-2028
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2020

READINGS:
Cartagena Protocol
The Parties to this Protocol,
Being Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, hereinafter referred to as “the Convention”,
Recalling Article 19, paragraphs 3 and 4, and Articles 8 (g) and 17 of the Convention,
Recalling also decision II/5 of 17 November 1995 of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention to develop a
Protocol on biosafety, specifically focusing on transboundary movement of any living modified organism resulting
from modern biotechnology that may have adverse effect on the conservation and sustainable use of biological
diversity, setting out for consideration, in particular, appropriate procedures for advance informed agreement,
Reaffirming the precautionary approach contained in Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and
Development,
Aware of the rapid expansion of modern biotechnology and the growing public concern over its potential adverse
effects on biological diversity, taking also into account risks to human health,
Recognizing that modern biotechnology has great potential for human wellbeing if developed and used with
adequate safety measures for the environment and human health,
Recognizing also the crucial importance to humankind of centres of origin and centres of genetic diversity,
Taking into account the limited capabilities of many countries, particularly developing countries, to cope with the
nature and scale of known and potential risks associated with living modified organisms,
Recognizing that trade and environment agreements should be mutually supportive with a view to achieving
sustainable development,
Emphasizing that this Protocol shall not be interpreted as implying a change in the rights and obligations of a Party
under any existing international agreements,
Understanding that the above recital is not intended to subordinate this Protocol to other international agreements,
Article 1 OBJECTIVE
In accordance with the precautionary approach contained in Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and
Development, the objective of this Protocol is to contribute to ensuring an adequate level of protection in the field of
the safe transfer, handling and use of living modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology that may have
adverse effects on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, taking also into account risks to
human health, and specifically focusing on transboundary movements.
39
https://www.cbd.int/doc/legal/cartagena-protocol-en.pdf
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2020

READINGS:
Cartagena Protocol
Article 2 GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. Each Party shall take necessary and appropriate legal, administrative and other measures to implement its
obligations under this Protocol.
2. The Parties shall ensure that the development, handling, transport, use, transfer and release of any living
modified organisms are undertaken in a manner that prevents or reduces the risks to biological diversity, taking
also into account risks to human health.
3. Nothing in this Protocol shall affect in any way the sovereignty of States over their territorial sea established in
accordance with international law, and the sovereign rights and the jurisdiction which States have in their
exclusive economic zones and their continental shelves in accordance with international law, and the exercise by
ships and aircraft of all States of navigational rights and freedoms as provided for in international law and as
reflected in relevant international instruments.
4. Nothing in this Protocol shall be interpreted as restricting the right of a Party to take action that is more
protective of the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity than that called for in this Protocol,
provided that such action is consistent with the objective and the provisions of this Protocol and is in accordance
with that Party’s other obligations under international law.
5. The Parties are encouraged to take into account, as appropriate, available expertise, instruments and work
undertaken in international forums with competence in the area of risks to human health.
Article 4 SCOPE
This Protocol shall apply to the transboundary movement, transit, handling and use of all living modified organisms
that may have adverse effects on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, taking also into account
risks to human health.
Article 6 TRANSIT AND CONTAINED USE
1. Notwithstanding Article 4 and without prejudice to any right of a Party of transit to regulate the transport of
living modified organisms through its territory and make available to the Biosafety Clearing-House, any decision
of that Party, subject to Article 2, paragraph 3, regarding the transit through its territory of a specific living
modified organism, the provisions of this Protocol with respect to the advance informed agreement procedure
shall not apply to living modified organisms in transit.
2. Notwithstanding Article 4 and without prejudice to any right of a Party to subject all living modified organisms to
risk assessment prior to decisions on import and to set standards for contained use within its jurisdiction, the
provisions of this Protocol with respect to the advance informed agreement procedure shall not apply to the
transboundary movement of living modified organisms destined for contained use undertaken in accordance
with the standards of the Party of import.
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2020

READINGS:
Cartagena Protocol
Article 13 SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE
1. A Party of import may, provided that adequate measures are applied to ensure the safe intentional
transboundary movement of living modified organisms in accordance with the objective of this
Protocol, specify in advance to the Biosafety Clearing-House:
(a) Cases in which intentional transboundary movement to it may take place at the same time as the
movement is notified to the Party of import; and
(b) Imports of living modified organisms to it to be exempted from the advance informed agreement
procedure.
Notifications under subparagraph (a) above, may apply to subsequent similar movements to the same Party
2. The information relating to an intentional transboundary movement that is to be provided in the

notifications referred to in paragraph 1 (a) above, shall be the information specified in Annex I
Article 18 HANDLING, TRANSPORT, PACKAGING AND IDENTIFICATION
1. In order to avoid adverse effects on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, taking
also into account risks to human health, each Party shall take necessary measures to require that living
modified organisms that are subject to intentional transboundary movement within the scope of this
Protocol are handled, packaged and transported under conditions of safety, taking into consideration
relevant international rules and standards.
2. Each Party shall take measures to require that documentation accompanying:
(a) Living modified organisms that are intended for direct use as food or feed, or for processing, clearly
identifies that they “may contain” living modified organisms and are not intended for intentional
introduction into the environment, as well as a contact point for further information. The Conference of
the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall take a decision on the detailed
requirements for this purpose, including specification of their identity and any unique identification, no
later than two years after the date of entry into force of this Protocol;
(b) Living modified organisms that are destined for contained use clearly identifies them as living modified
organisms; and specifies any requirements for the safe handling, storage, transport and use, the contact
point for further information, including the name and address of the individual and institution to whom
the living modified organisms are consigned; and
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2020

READINGS:
Cartagena Protocol
(c) Living modified organisms that are intended for intentional introduction into the environment of the
Party of import and any other living modified organisms within the scope of the Protocol, clearly identifies
them as living modified organisms; specifies the identity and relevant traits and/or characteristics, any
requirements for the safe handling, storage, transport and use, the contact point for further information
and, as appropriate, the name and address of the importer and exporter; and contains a declaration that
the movement is in conformity with the requirements of this Protocol applicable to the exporter.
3. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall consider the
need for and modalities of developing standards with regard to identification, handling, packaging and
transport practices, in consultation with other relevant international bodies.
Article 23 PUBLIC AWARENESS AND PARTICIPATION
1. The Parties shall:
(a) Promote and facilitate public awareness, education and participation concerning the safe transfer,
handling and use of living modified organisms in relation to the conservation and sustainable use of
biological diversity, taking also into account risks to human health. In doing so, the Parties shall
cooperate, as appropriate, with other States and international bodies;
(b) Endeavour to ensure that public awareness and education encompass access to information on living
modified organisms identified in accordance with this Protocol that may be imported.
2. The Parties shall, in accordance with their respective laws and regulations, consult the public in the
decision-making process regarding living modified organisms and shall make the results of such decisions
available to the public, while respecting confidential information in accordance with Article 21.
3. Each Party shall endeavor to inform its public about the means of public access to the Biosafety Clearing-
House.
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2020

READINGS:
Highlights of the Cartagena Protocol:
 Also known as the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety that was adopted on 29 January 2000 and entered into force on
11 September 2003. It is an international agreement which aims to ensure the safe handling, transport and use of
living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern biotechnology that may have adverse effects on
biological diversity, taking also into account risks to human health
 The convention addressed the issue of biosafety, the need to protect human health and the environment from the
possible adverse effects of the products of modern biotechnology. But as well acknowledging its great potential
for the promotion of human well-being, particularly in meeting critical needs for food, agriculture and health care
 The protocol was hailed as a significant step forward in that it provides an international regulatory framework to
reconcile the respective needs of trade and environmental protection with respect to a rapidly growing global
industry, the biotechnology industry
 And this protocol creates an enabling environment for the environmentally sound application of biotechnology,
making it possible for maximum benefit from the potential that biotechnology has to offer, while minimizing the
possible risks to the environment and to human health.
http://bch.cbd.int/protocol
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2020

READINGS:
Paris Agreement
The Paris Agreement’s central aim is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a
global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to
limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Additionally, the agreement aims to strengthen
the ability of countries to deal with the impacts of climate change
Key aspects of the Paris Agreement
 Long-term temperature goal - reaffirmed the goal of limiting global temperature increase to well below 2 degrees
Celsius, while pursuing efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees.
 Global peaking and 'climate neutrality' - the agreement and its members aim to reach global peaking of
greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) as soon as possible.
 Mitigation - commitment to prepare, communicate and maintain a nationally determined contribution (NDC) and
to pursue domestic measures to achieve them. As well as for the members to communicate their NDCs every 5
years and provide information necessary for clarity and transparency and continue enhancing mitigation efforts,
to move toward economy-wide targets over time in the light of different national circumstances.
 Sinks and reservoirs - encourages members to conserve and enhance, sinks and reservoirs of GHGs as referred to
including forests
 Voluntary cooperation/Market- and non-market-based approaches - the possibility of voluntary cooperation

among Parties to allow for higher ambition and sets out principles – including environmental integrity,
transparency and robust accounting – for any cooperation that involves internationally transferal of mitigation
outcomes. It establishes a mechanism to contribute to the mitigation of GHG emissions and support sustainable
development, and defines a framework for non-market approaches to sustainable development.
 Adaptation – Paris Agreement establishes a global goal on adaptation – of enhancing adaptive capacity,
strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change in the context of the temperature goal of the
Agreement. It aims to significantly strengthen national adaptation efforts, including through support and
international cooperation by formulating and implementing National Adaptation Plans, and an adaptation
communication describing priorities, needs, plans and actions.
 Loss and damage –recognizes the importance of averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated
with the adverse effects of climate change, including extreme weather events and slow onset events, and the role
of sustainable development in reducing the risk of loss and damage. Parties are to enhance understanding, action
and support, including through the Warsaw International Mechanism, on a cooperative and facilitative basis with
respect to loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change.
44
https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/what-is-the-paris-agreement
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2020

READINGS:
Paris Agreement
• Finance, technology and capacity-building support –reaffirms the obligations of developed countries to support
the efforts of developing country Parties to build clean, climate-resilient futures, while for the first time
encouraging voluntary contributions by other Parties. Provision of resources should also aim to achieve a balance
between adaptation and mitigation. In addition to reporting on finance already provided, developed country
Parties commit to submit indicative information on future support every two years, including projected levels of
public finance. The agreement also provides that the Financial Mechanism of the Convention, including the Green
Climate Fund (GCF), shall serve the Agreement. International cooperation on climate-safe technology
development and transfer and building capacity in the developing world are also strengthened: a technology
framework is established under the Agreement and capacity-building activities will be strengthened through, inter
alia, enhanced support for capacity building actions in developing country Parties and appropriate institutional
arrangements. Climate change education, training as well as public awareness, participation and access to
information is also to be enhanced under the Agreement.
• Climate change education, training, public awareness, public participation and public access to information -
also to be enhanced under the Agreement.
• Transparency, implementation and compliance –robust transparency and accounting system to provide clarity on
action and support by Parties, with flexibility for their differing capabilities of Parties. In addition to reporting
information on mitigation, adaptation and support, the Agreement requires that the information submitted by
each Party undergoes international technical expert review.
• Global Stocktake – A “global stocktake”, to take place in 2023 and every 5 years thereafter, will assess collective
progress toward achieving the purpose of the Agreement in a comprehensive and facilitative manner. It will be
based on the best available science and its long-term global goal. Its outcome will inform Parties in updating and
enhancing their actions and support and enhancing international cooperation on climate action.
• Decision 1/CP.21 also sets out a number of measures to enhance action prior to 2020, including strengthening the
technical examination process, enhancement of provision of urgent finance, technology and support and
measures to strengthen high-level engagement..
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https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/what-is-the-paris-agreement
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READINGS:
Highlights of the Paris Agreement:
 The Paris Agreement is a landmark environmental accord that was adopted in 2015 to address climate change by
197 countries.
 Paris Agreement won’t “solve” climate change, it just puts a much closer to a safer trajectory and highlights the
path forward to ensure that that the national pledges for climate change are laid on the floor—not the ceiling— of
ambition by mobilizing resources to help countries implement even stronger domestic reforms on climate change.
• The Philippine national framework was formulated within sustainable development goal and
governance/institutional factors that affect the country’s ability to respond to climate change
http://www.neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/nfscc_sgd.pdf
https://climate.gov.ph/files/CC_Executive-Brief_V32.compressed.pdf
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2020

ASSESSMENT NO. 4:
I. Choose the letter of the correct answer
Question 01: A declaration that considered the need for a common outlook and for common principles to
inspire and guide the peoples of the world in the preservation and enhancement of the human environment
A. Vienna Declaration
B. Stockholm Declaration
C. Basel Convention
D. Rio Declaration
Question 02: It promoted the the centrality of human beings to the concerns of sustainable development,
the primacy of poverty eradication and etc.
A. Rio Declaration
B. Cartagena Protocol
C. Montreal Protocol
D. Paris Agreement
Question 03: It was created to facilitate and coordinate Ozone Depleting Substances phase-out projects and
policies for the overall implementation of the country's obligations under the Montreal Protocol
A. Protection of Ozone Desk

B. Philippine Ozone Desk
C. Philippine Ozone Development
D. Philippine Ozone Layer Desk
Question 04: It is an international agreement which aims to ensure the safe handling, transport and use of
living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern biotechnology that may have adverse effects on
biological diversity, taking also into account risks to human health
A. Cartagena Protocol
B. Montreal Protocol
C. Paris Agreement
D. Stockholm Declaration
Question 05: It is a treaty on the framework for international cooperation concerning the protection of the
ozone layer and provides observations, research and information exchange on the ozone layer
A. Rio Declaration
B. Basel Convention
C. Vienna Convention
D. Paris Agreement
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2020

ASSESSMENT NO. 4:
I. Choose the letter of the correct answer
Question 06: It is widely considered as the most successful environment protection agreement that sets out a
mandatory timetable for the phase out of ozone depleting substances
A. Vienna Declaration
C. Basel Convention
D. Rio Declaration
Question 07: It is in response to a public outcry on the discovery of deposits of toxic wastes imported to
Africa and other parts of the developing world, and its objective is to protect human health and the
environment against the adverse effects of hazardous wastes
A. Basel Convention
B. Cartagena Protocol
C. Montreal Protocol
D. Paris Agreement
Question 08: It entered into force on 29 December 1993
A. Basel Convention
B. Vienna Convention
C. Convention on Biological Diversity
D. Paris Agreement
Question 09: It was adopted to address the issue of climate change
A. Cartagena Protocol
C. Paris Agreement
D. Stockholm Declaration
Question 10: The Philippines imposed a ban on the importation of CFCs and HCFCs in
A. 2010 and 2012

B. 2010 and 2011
C. 2011 and 2012
D. 2010 and 2013
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2020

ASSESSMENT NO. 3:
ii. Choose from the word pool below the key aspects of the Paris Agreement
1. It encourages members to conserve and enhance, sinks and

reservoirs of GHGs as referred to including forests.
2. Reaffirmed the goal of limiting global temperature increase to well

below 2 degrees Celsius, while pursuing efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees.
3. Commitment to prepare, communicate and maintain a nationally

determined contribution (NDC) and to pursue domestic measures to achieve them. As well as for the
members to communicate their NDCs every 5 years and provide information necessary for clarity and
transparency and continue enhancing mitigation efforts, to move toward economy-wide targets over
time in the light of different national circumstances.
4. the possibility of voluntary cooperation among Parties to allow for

higher ambition and sets out principles – including environmental integrity, transparency and robust
accounting – for any cooperation that involves internationally transferal of mitigation outcomes. It
establishes a mechanism to contribute to the mitigation of GHG emissions and support sustainable
development, and defines a framework for non-market approaches to sustainable development.
5. the agreement and its members aim to reach global peaking of

greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) as soon as possible.
Long-term temperature goal Global peaking and 'climate neutrality‘ Mitigation
Voluntary cooperation/Market- and non-market-based approaches Adaptation
Loss and damage Finance, technology and capacity-building support Sinks and reservoirs
Climate change education, training, public awareness, public participation and public access to
information
Transparency, implementation and compliance Global Stocktake Decision 1/CP.21
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2020

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001-Rev-

REMOTE LEARNING MODULE

e. Process of CNC application h. Paris Agreement 1

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Stockholm Declaration Basel Convention

Rio Declaration Convention on Biological Diversity

Vienna Convention Cartagena Protocol

Montreal Protocol Paris Agreement

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Global energy Global

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Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment

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States the common conviction that:

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States the common conviction that:

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States the common conviction that:

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States the common conviction that:

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Importance in the Philippine environmental setting

Pesticides Industrial Chemical Unintentional Production

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 The Declaration promoted principles of/that

Importance in the Philippine environmental setting

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The Parties to this Convention,

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Article 3: Research and systematic observations

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(f) Alternative substances and technologies;

Article 4: Co-operation in the legal, scientific and technical fields

(d) Appropriate training of scientific and technical personnel.

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Highlights of the Vienna Convention:

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The Parties to this Protocol,

Conscious of the potential climatic effects of emissions of these substances,

Article 2: Control Measures

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Article 5: Special situation of developing countries

Article 9: Research, development, public awareness and exchange of information

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(c) costs and benefits of relevant control strategies.

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o CFCs and HCFCs in refrigerators and air conditioners,

Importance in the Philippine Environmental setting

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The Parties to this Convention,

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ARTICLE 1 SCOPE OF THE CONVENTION

ARTICLE 3 NATIONAL DEFINITIONS OF HAZARDOUS WASTES

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