PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Design Requirement for Non-permanent Onshore

Works

PTS 11.10.05
November 2017

© 2017 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the permission of the copyright
owner. PETRONAS Technical Standards are Company’s internal standards and meant for authorized users only.
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FOREWORD

PETRONAS Technical Standards (PTS) has been developed based on the accumulated knowledge,
experience and best practices of the PETRONAS group supplementing National and International
Standards where appropriate. The key objective of PTS is to ensure standard technical practice across
the PETRONAS group.

Compliance to PTS is compulsory for PETRONAS-operated facilities and Joint Ventures (JVs) where
PETRONAS has more than fifty percent (50%) shareholding and/or operational control, and includes
all phases of work activities.

Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers who use PTS are solely responsible in ensuring the quality of
work, goods and services meet the required design and engineering standards. In the case where
specific requirements are not covered in the PTS, it is the responsibility of the
Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers to propose other proven or internationally established
standards or practices of the same level of quality and integrity as reflected in the PTS.

In issuing and making the PTS available, PETRONAS is not making any warranty on the accuracy or
completeness of the information contained in PTS. The Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers shall
ensure accuracy and completeness of the PTS used for the intended design and engineering
requirement and shall inform the Owner for any conflicting requirement with other international
codes and technical standards before start of any work.

PETRONAS is the sole copyright holder of PTS. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, recording or
otherwise) or be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever, without the prior written
consent of PETRONAS.

The PTS shall be used exclusively for the authorised purpose. The users shall arrange for PTS to be
kept in safe custody and shall ensure its secrecy is maintained and provide satisfactory information to
PETRONAS that this requirement is met.
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................4
1.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS.................................................................................................... 4
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES .............................................................................................. 5
NON-PERMANENT TYPE OF STRUCTURES...............................................................6
2.1 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................. 6
2.2 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 MATERIAL ..................................................................................................................... 6
2.4 DESIGN WORKING LIFE ................................................................................................. 8
2.5 RISK CATEGORISATION ................................................................................................. 8
2.6 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY .................................................................................................... 8
2.7 SOIL DATA INFORMATION ............................................................................................ 9
2.8 LOADING ..................................................................................................................... 10
2.9 STABILITY .................................................................................................................... 11
ERECTION, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE ....................................................... 13
3.1 ERECTION .................................................................................................................... 13
3.2 INSPECTION AND MONITORING ................................................................................. 13
3.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL.......................................................... 14
BIBLIOGRPHY ...................................................................................................... 15
APPENDIX 1 : SAMPLE OF NON-STRUCTURAL SUPPORT SYSTEM ................................... 16
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INTRODUCTION

This PTS provides the minimum technical requirements and recommendations for the design,
construction/installation, inspection, monitoring and maintenance of non-permanent civil
and structural onshore works in oil/gas/petrochemical onshore plants/terminals/projects.

This PTS is intended to facilitate the safe construction of non-permanent works and mitigate
risks during constructions.

This PTS shall be read in conjunction with PTS 11.10.01 and PTS 11.14.03.

1.1 SCOPE

1.1.1 This PTS does not include scaffolding, falseworks, formwork, crane foundation, site hoardings,
jacking, non-permanent vehicle and pedestrian bridge, and lifting.

1.1.2 This PTS is only applicable for non-permanent buildings, non-permanent shelters and non-
permanent structural supports that will be used by Owner within the stipulated period of
operation.

1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS

1.2.1 General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations

Refer to PTS Requirements, General Definition of Terms, Abbreviations & Reading Guide PTS
00.01.03 for General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations.

1.2.2 Specific Definitions of Terms

No Term Definition

1 Scaffolding A temporary structure made usually of wooden

planks and metal poles, used while performing
activity such as cleaning, repairing and maintenace
the building/equipment.

2 Competent Personnel Is a person who has extensive knowledge and

experience; and has successfully demonstrate
his/her ability to solve or resolve problems relating
to the work assigned. The person shall be approved
by Owner.

Table 1: Specific Abbreviations

1.2.3 Specific Abbreviations

None
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1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Not applicable. This is a new PTS.
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NON-PERMANENT TYPE OF STRUCTURES

2.1 DEFINITIONS

Non-permanent structures are temporary structures which are required to give stability or
support to the permanent structure during construction until the permanent structure can
support itself. It also provides support to place temporary equipment needed during
construction. It has a maximum of ten (10) years of Design Life.

The non-permanent works in this document includes;

i. Temporary enclosure
ii. Temporary shelter
iii. Temporary structural supports

Non-permanent shelter shall be located outside fire zone and blast radius zone. The zones
shall be determined by process safety requirement in accordance with PTS 16.73.01 and PTS
16.71.05 respectively.

2.2 GENERAL

The differences between non-permanent and permanent structures are described below,
where non-permanent structures;

i. Have a greater proportion of variable actions

ii. Can have greater uncertainties of loads
iii. Tend to have less redundancy and lower residual stiffness
iv. Have greater initial imperfection i.e. lack of fit, eccentricity, corrosion and
damages from previous use
v. Can be made of recycleable materials
vi. Have shorter time allocated for design and procurement
vii. Have limited soil investigation information available, for foundation design

2.3 MATERIAL

2.3.1 Code and Standard Requirement

Every part of a non-permanent structure shall be constructed in accordance with the

requirements of this standard, using materials that are fit for the purpose for which they are
intended.
Evidence to support the use of the selected construction material or design shall satisfy the
requirements of this standard and shall be based on one or a combination of the followings:
i. A report issued by a registered testing authority, showing that the material or
form of construction has been submitted to the tests listed in the report, and
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setting out the results of those tests and any other relevant information for its
suitability for use.
ii. A certificate from a professional engineer or other appropriately qualified person
which:
a) Certifies that a material, design or form of construction complies with the
requirements of this standard; and
b) Sets out the basis on which it is given and the extent to which relevant
specifications, rules, codes of practice or other publications have been relied
upon
iii. The suitability of materials requirement relates to the testing of products,
permissible calculation methods and other relevant information to ensure that
the material is suitable for the intended design.

The report shall also include as a minimum, the following information;

i. Provide clear documentation of all steel members used in the structure including,
size, grade, length, and connection details
ii. Records of the steel supplied, specifically mill test certificates including
manufacturer, production date and standard
iii. Permanent marking or tagging to assist in traceability and to identify their
chemical and mechanical properties.
The structural resistance of materials and forms of construction shall be determined in
accordance with the following;
i. Steel floor, wall and roof frames, or other supporting steel framing: BS EN 1993-
1
ii. Aluminium roof frames, or other supporting aluminium framing: BS EN 1999-1.
iii. Timber construction:
a) Floor, wall and roof frames, or other supporting framing: BS EN 1995-1/MS
544
b) Wall and roof frames: BS EN 1995-1/MS 544
iv. Glazed assemblies:
a) In an external wall: BS 6262
v. Roof and wall covering:
a) Plastic sheet roofing: BS EN 1013
b) Metal roofing: BS EN 508
c) Fabric membrane material may be used as a roof and/or wall covering
provided when used as roof covering it is designed and installed to:
 Avoid the potential for water ponding; and
 Be taut in all directions and free from areas of wrinkling owing to
uneven stressing; and
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d) Air-supported structures and pneumatic structures may be used provided

adequate air pressure is maintained for structural stability of the non-
permanent structure while it is occupied.
vi. Flooring:
a) Plywood structural flooring: BS EN 636:2012+A1:2015

2.3.2 Use of Existing Structures/Members

All existing structures that will be re-used for non-permanent application shall be inspected
by an approved personnel to determine any sign of severe defects, in accordance with PTS
11.15.03. The severely defective structural members shall be rectified prior to use in
accordance with the PTS requirement. A final report shall be submitted for Owner’s
information and record purposes.

2.4 DESIGN WORKING LIFE

Non-permanent structures shall be designed to a maximum of ten (10) years working life, not
including structures or parts of structures that can be dismantled with a view to be re-used.

Should any change of use of the non-permanent structure is to be applied, a structural

integrity assessment shall be performed to ensure adequacy of its’ structural capacity against
new loads and conditions. Design life shall always be maintained for the 10 years’ duration.

2.5 RISK CATEGORISATION

Implementation of non-permanent works that expose to hazards shall be managed and

mitigated throughout its’ operation.

Non-permanent works are categorised in accordance with:

i. Consequence of failure risk
ii. Design complexity risk
iii. Execution criticality risk

Details method of identifying and managing these risks are described clearly in BS 5975.

2.6 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

Permissible stress method principle is applied in designing of non-permanent structures, to

meet the intended purposes. Non-permanent structures shall be designed in accordance with
BS 5975: 2008+A1:2011 Code of Practise for Temporary Works Procedure and the Permissible
Stress design of Falsework, including procedural control throughout execution of the non-
permanent works.

Alternatively, the ultimate limit state design could be considered in designing of non-
permanent structures if;
i. The existing permanents structures design approach is using the same
philosophy (for compatibility)
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ii. Use of proprietary non-permanent structural system (which may be limited to

permissible stress design)

Non-permanent structural members shall be designed to attain sufficient strength and to

resist the actions to which it will be subjected to.

Wind force in particular is a critical consideration in the design, construction, erection and
dismantling of non-permanent structures. The design shall be performed in accordance with
BS5975:2008+A1;2011 to ensure adequate transfer of wind forces to the ground or
supporting structures. This is important to prevent structural collapse, lifting and sliding off
structures from its’ supporting foundations.

To resist these forces, the structures shall be provided with;

i. An anchorage system, where the roof is connected by walls to the supporting
foundation by detail connections system; or if no wall is in place, to supporting
columns; and
ii. A bracing system to prevent horizontal collapse due to wind forces; and
iii. Continuity of the system where each structural element is interlocked to its
adjoining structural element throughout the structure.

A local failure within the non permanent works should not initiate a global collapse of the
structure. The global factor of safety for non-permanent structures is 1.65 on yield and 2.0 on
failure (source: from BS5975).

2.7 SOIL DATA INFORMATION

In most cases, no soil information data are made available prior of designing non-permanent
structures.

However, a competent personnel shall evaluate an existing soil investigation report available
within the vicinity. Otherwise, minimum two (2) numbers of ground trial pit with 1-2m deep
shall be performed to further understand soil type for the identified areas and propose an
appropriate foundation system for the non-permanent structures.

Main differences between non-permanent foundations and permanent foundations are;

i. Non-permanent foundations are often constructed on surface of the ground.
ii. Non-permanent foundations are most likely to be subjected to its’ full design
loads, while a permanent foundation might never be subjected to its full design
load.
iii. Load on a permanent foundation builds up slowly over a period of time. Where
the foundation rest in cohesive soil e.g clay, the soil will slowly consolidate and
increase its’ strength. This gradual consolidation of cohesive soil is not usually
taken into account in permanent work design, but it will give additional factor of
safety. This benefit is not available in temporary foundation, which is likely
subjected to full load more almost instantaneously.
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Foundation design of non-permanent structures shall adopt minimum factor of safety of 2.5
and the resultant allowable bearing pressure is deemed to satisfy settlement criteria.

2.8 LOADING

2.8.1 General

All loads apply to non-structural members shall be in accordance with BS 5975:2008+A1:

2011.

The resistance of a non-permanent structure shall be greater than the most critical action
effect resulting from different combinations of actions in accordance with BS 5975.

2.8.2 Loadings

Loadings for non-permanent structures shall be determined in accordance with the following:
i. Permanent action:

a) The design or known dimensions of the non-permanent structures; and

b) The unit weight of the materials

ii. Imposed actions:

a) The known load that will be imposed during the use of non-permanent
structures

Table 2: Live Load for Non-permanent Structure (Source: from BS 5975)

iii. Wind actions:

a) The regional wind speeds shall be determined in accordance with MS 1553

for the relevant wind region and reference period for which the non-
permanent structure is erected.
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2.8.3 Construction and Maintenance Loads

All loads apply to non-structural members shall be in accordance with BS 5975;2008+A1;2011

and PTS 11.10.01, Section 2.3.12.

2.9 STABILITY

Minimum horizontal destabilizing force equivalent to 3% of the total vertical load of the non-
permanent structures shall be considered in stability design check. Factor of safety for static
equilibrium shall be minimum of 1.2.

2.9.1 Anchorage Requirement

This PTS does not provide specific provisions for ground anchorage systems due to their
design being influenced by numerous variable factors, such as site conditions, bearing
capacity of soil, number of occupants, size and shape of structure and the proprietary nature
of many systems in use.
The following guidance is provided to determine the appropriate ground anchorage
requirements for non-permanent structures that rely on guy ropes or similar for support:
i. Anchors are critical to the stability and safety of non-permanent structures. The
pull out force that anchorage stake can withstand depends on the type of soil, its
moisture content, the inclination of the anchor and the depth of the anchor.
ii. Loose, non-cohesive soils provide the least resistance and may require special
anchors. In these situations, pull-out tests should be performed in order to verify
the anchorage resistance.
Where ground penetration is not possible, a system of ballast weights shall be used as a
means of resisting uplift forces.
For proprietary system, anchorage shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s manual
and be consistent with the design documentation.
Every upright shall be anchored even if uplift forces are countered at the main anchor points,
since lateral movement can destabilise the structure.
All uprights shall have a means to spread the load at the base to prevent sinking when erected
on soft ground. It is also essential to ensure the security of stabilising anchorages (stakes,
ballasts, etc.) at all times.

Where non-permanent structures are erected on platform, the grid or platform shall comply
with BS 5975. The structural loading provision for structures placed on grids or platforms shall
be designed in accordance with BS 5975.
Stakes and ropes near exits or other walking routes shall be fenced off or clearly marked to
prevent members of the public from walking into or tripping over them.

After heavy rain or flooding occurs, inspection shall immediately be performed around the
anchorage areas due to that the load bearing capacity of the ground may have reduced, guy
ropes may slacken and anchorage may become loosened.
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Roof and wall bracing are an integral part of most framed non-permanent structures and for
proprietary system, they shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
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ERECTION, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE

3.1 ERECTION

Erection of the structural works shall not have commenced until the concrete in the footings,
piers and walls and the mortar in the masonry piers and walls (whichever applicable) has
either attained 75% of the intended minimum compressive design strength, or sufficient
strengths to support the loads imposed during the erection.

Construction activities associated with the erection of structural works shall comply with all
associated standards and local authorities’ requirement.

3.2 INSPECTION AND MONITORING

Inspection and monitoring plan document should be made available to ensure that the non-
permanent structures are operating safely during its tenure design life. The document must
include scope of the monitoring program, location and type of monitoring
instruments/apparatus, frequency and duration of readings, and permissible movement
deformation and vibration criteria. The monitoring program needs to consider the following;
i. Suitable monitoring systems, e.g. action and mitigation plans to continuously
assess the wind conditions at each site and procedures implemented to take early
preventive action if necessary.

ii. A wind monitoring plan, incorporating wind data when specific measures are
required to be implemented to avoid any mishap of the structures.

iii. Inspection shall be performed to inspect the non-permanent structures after wind
load reach 80% of design wind load. The inspection to include any sign of loose
bolts, dislocated structural members, member sagging, foundation settlement
and other structural defects mechanism.

iv. Inspection and monitoring of guy ropes used for anchoring the structures which
may loosen and may need regular tightening or other supporting members should
also need to be checked for any misalignment or movement.
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3.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL

Prior of erecting the non-permanent structures, a full and clear set of the checking documents
shall be prepared and stored for reference with full version and document issue control.

All submission procedures and the procedure requirement shall be in accordance with BS
5975:2008+A1:2011, Section 2.

Generally, execution of non-permanent civil works shall include the following;

i. Appointment of a Competent Personnel
ii. Completion and Maintenance of a non-permanent works registration
iii. Preparation of Design Briefs for Elements Identified in registration
iv. Independent checking of the non-permanent work design
v. Supervision of Erection/Installation of the non-permanent work
vi. Inspection & Check of non-permanent works Prior to Use
vii. Approval-Permit to Load- (Non-permanent Works Loaded)
viii. Approval to Dismantle Following Checks – Permit to Dismantle
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BIBLIOGRAPHY

In this PTS, reference is made to the following Standards/Publications. Unless specifically

designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used, together with any
supplements/revisions thereto:

PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARD

Minimum Loadings and load Combination for Onshore PTS 11.10.01

Structural Design

Minimum Requirements for Design and Engineering of PTS 11.14.03

Buildings

Reinforced Concrete Foundation and Structures PTS 11.15.03

Physical Effects Modelling PTS 16.71.05

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

Code of practice for temporary works procedures and the BS 5975:2008+A1:2011.

permissible stress design of falsework

Design of Steel Structures BS EN 1993-1

Design of Aluminium Structures BS EN 1999-1.

Design of Timber Structures BS EN 1995-1

Glazing for Buildings BS 6262

Light transmitting single skin profiled plastics sheets for BS EN 1013

internal and external roofs, walls and ceilings. Requirements
and test methods

Plywood. Specification. BSEN

636:2012+A1:2015

MALAYSIAN STANDARD

Code of Practice for Structural Timber MS 544

Code of Practice on Wind Loading for Building Structure MS 1553

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APPENDIX 1 : SAMPLE OF NON-STRUCTURAL SUPPORT SYSTEM