.

-- Joining 01 Lining Membranes

I
Direction
VS_ DEUTSCHER VERBAND Made 1rom Polymeric Materials
DVS 2225-1
o Fúll SCHWEISSEN UNO (Geomembranes) in Geotechnical and

-
VERWANOTEVERFAHREN E.V. Hydraulic Application, - Welding, Bonding by
(February 1991)
Adhesives, Vulcanising -

contents: layered slructure. They can have reinlorcing membranes, lor

example labrics, laminalions - lor example non-wovens - or
1 5cOpe metal loil linings.
2 Unlng membranes
3 Weld slruclures
4 JOlnl processes 3 Weld Structures
4.1 Weldlng
4.2 Bondlng by adhesives Lining membranes are basicany manulaclured overfapped (Iap
4.3 Vulcanising joinl). Weld structures are diHerenlialed in accordance wilh Fig.
5 Induslrial salely and prevenlion 01accidenls 1:
6 Slandards, specilicalions, guidelines

·l . .• tfM"
'so .lO
I
1 Scope TI· • • • • • I"t-
This specillcallon apphes lo lhe joining 01 lining membranes Lap pnl wdhout lesbng channel - s.ogle wekt
made Irom polymer materials in earth conslruction and hydraulic (WektJng wrth Of wrthou1 Wektlng fi8ef)

t: engineering, lor Ihe sealing 01 wasle disposal lips and olher

measures lo protect Ihe ground water. These lining membranes

.S'IO.
ª..!';rj'E~!:"ngCha:-'
made Irom Ihermoplaslics and elaslomers are bonded lo one
; anolher by welding, adhesives or vulcanlsing lo creale sealing ,,:±--I •
syslems. The specilicalion is inlended lo serve as a guide to i~.,~
1 lhose manulacluring or using lining membranes, and provide
Lap JOInt WTth tesllllg chame! - doubIe wetd
Ihem wllh relerence material conceming conneclion lechmques
~ on lhe conslruclion site. Part 2 01 Ihis specilicalion deals wilh
(W~ng Wl1h Of W1thout wekhng fIJIer)

i construcnon sita tests on limng membranes made Irom polymer

.! • • . ..I,;. ~~.=t
'so
f rnateríalsand Part 3 wilh requiremenls lor equipment.
o
I • I
t
;
2 Uning Membranes

LJmng membranes lor lhe applicanons relerred lo are

CoatJng weId (exttUSK>n weldlng)

.•
j
I
manufactured on lhe basis 01lhermoplaslics and elaslomers:
Thermoplastics:
Plasticised polyvinyl chloride PVC-P ~
-'M· •••
-tl--'-'SO"'----';
'
High densiiy polyelhylene PE-HD i ' ,
Low denslly polyelhylene PE-LD
•
Chlorinaled polyelhylene PE-C Lap )oml. unremlorced Itnlng membrana (adhesive bondlOg)
Elhyiene copolymer bilumen ECB
Elhylene vinyl acelale EN A
LJmngmembranes made Irom lhenmoplaslics consist 01 macro-
molecules which are not cross-hnked. They can be plaslicised by
heal and are lhus joined by means 01welding. Some, PVC-P lor
mstanca, can be dissolved by solvenls and can lhus also be
Lap JOtnl. fabríc·relnforced limng membrane (adheslV8 bondlng)
lolned by means 01adhesive bonding.
Elastomers:
BUiyIrubber IIR
'so .lO
Elhylene propylene diene rubber EPDM
Chloroprene rubber CR
Nrtrilerubber NBR
Chlorosulphonaled polyethylene CSM Lap )01"1, tabec-reeitoeced "rung membrane (wlcanlSlOg)

LJmng membranes made Irom elaslomers consisl 01 macro-

Figure 1. Weld structures and d¡mensions,
molecules which are cross-linked in a wide mesh by means 01
vulcanlsation. They can not be plasticised. Their mosl importanl
Ilealure ISlheir rubber elasticüy, which is largely relained even al - Lap [oints wilhoullesling channel (single weld)
ow lemperalures. Lining membranes are manulaclured - Lap joinls wilh lesling channel (double weld)
COohnuouslyin widths 01 1 lo 12 m and in lhicknesses 01 2 to 5 - Surface weldlng joinls.
mrn. Mlnlmum thicknesses are laid down In lhe Individual sets 01 The mmímurn widlhs are laid down in lhe individual sets 01
regulallons, on lhe basis 01 lhe applicallon in question. The regulahons, on Ihe basis 01 Ihe application in question. Weld
surfaces can be plain or structured. The sheets can be widlhs lrom 30 or 2 x 15 mm. are adhered lo lor limng
homogenous (made Irom one material) or can have a rnultl- membranes made Irom PE-HD.
Thts PUbllca'lon was prepared by a group 01 expeñenced speciallSIS working logelher in an honorary cacecny, and it ls recommended tha! 1Ishould be resoecred as
: IIl'lpOrtantsccrce 01 knowledge. The user must al all times check lhe extent to whlCh lhe contents apply 10 hls or her soecat case and whether the version avaUable
.... ~m or her 1$ 51111curren! AAy liabfhty on lhe par! 01 lhe Gennan Wekitng SocIety and 01 thosa parUdpatlOg in the preparaUon 01 thís doc:oment IS excluded

DVS. Technical Cornmittee, Working Group "Plastics, Welding and Adhesive Bonding"
Page 2 to DVS 2225-1

Plasticlslng unit (extruder) Blower

Pressure roller +--- HeatUlg cartndge

and dMng roller

__c::i::\c~:c:cX;lC.f=IC---- Lining membrana

~--- Hot gas nozzle

Extrudate
(weldlng ceposn)

Working dlreclion ---_tO_

Figure 2. Mechamca1 hot gas exnusion weldmg - outhne oraqram.

4 Joinl Processes welding bead lor hot gas welding and heated wedge weldtnq
should not exceed hall the sheet thickness.
For the purposes 01 this specilicalion, the joinl processes are
welding, bonding by adhesives, and vulcanising. Welding is 4.1.1 Extrusion wetdlng (WE)
divided inlo extrusion welding (WE), heated wedge welding
Extrusion welding is principally used to join PE-based 1I00ng
(heated 1001 welding) (HH), and hot gas welding (WU) and
membranes. Only lap joints are produced, using overtap welds or
bonding by adhesives is divided into diffusion bonding t) and
surtace welds.
adhesion bonding.

The joint surtaces must be dry and Iree Irom impurities. The 4.1.1.1 Descrlption of process
sheets are not to be rough worked to remove strata Influenced by
Extruslon weldlOg is characterised by the lollowing leatures:
weathering and oxidation, uSlng mechanical rnachirunq (Ior
example scrapers) or polishlOg (Ior example brushes), unless the - Welding is carried out with a welding Iiller (extrudate) made 01
sheet manufacturar specilies it. For T -joints and lor surtace the same kind 01 basic material.
welding, the Iront laces 01 the upper sheet must be beveled.
- The welding Iiller is plaslicised in a plasticiser unit (Ior examp-
Cross-joints are not permissible.
le, an extruder) and applied to Ihe joint surtaces as a column
The ambient conditions can have a considerable mnuence on the Ihrough a nozzle (welding shoe).
joínt operation anó thus on Ihe quality 01 the bond. The lollowing
- The joint surtaces should prelerably be heated by hot gas (e.g
points should be borne in mind:
air) and brought lo Ihe Ihenmoplastic condition.
- No joining should be carried out in the rain unless protecnon
- Pressure is applied to produce the joint. The pressure IS
has been arranged.
applied alter or during the insertion or application 01 the wel-
- Joining should not be carried out at temperatures below +5° C. ding Iiller.
11,as an exception, they are, special arrangements should be
made (tent). 4.1.1.2 Machines and equipment
- For adhesive bonding and vulcanising, the temperature 01 the ExtTuslon welding machines
surtaces 01 the joint must be equalised with the ambient tem- Extruslon welding machines (Fog. 2) are used lor the contlnuOUS
perature, to prevent the arising 01 a condensation layer, which welding 01 rather long welds. Only lap joints are produced. The
can olten not be detected visually. machines are equipped with a unilateral or bilateral pressure
- For partly mechanical joint processes without back pressure system to apply Ihe joining lorce. With bilateral systems. t~e
systems and lor manual joining, a substratum must be provi- pressure roller distance must be adjustable lo correspond wlth
ded which can bring the necessary counteracting lorce to bear. the sheet thickness. Wilh unilateral pressure systems, Ihe back
Belore work begins on Ihe construction site, test welds are to pressure is applied by the substratum. ExtruSlon weldlOg
be carried out to match the process parameters to the con- machines have Iheir own drive or are moved by winches.
struction site conditions. The extrudate temperature, hot gas temperature, ]olning lorce.
- Good ventilation must be provided in the worl<ing area il 501- pressure roller distance and welding speed must be ad¡ustable.
vents are being used (Ior example, diffusion bonding). This ap- Welding machines can be used lo produce lap jomts wlth or
plies especially to operating in confined spaces. The guidelines without lesting channels (see Fig. 1).
on handling solvents are to be respected (see Section 6).
Manual welding equlpment

4.1 Weldlng Manual welding equlpment (Fig. 3) is used lor short weld length~
welding areas where access is difficult, special connection wo I
In all welding processes, the joint surtaces have to be brought to and repairs. At present manual welding eqUlpment produces on y
the weldlng temperature Iaid down lor the individual material.
surtace welds.
Only the areas near Ihe surtace should be heated, so as to keep
the heat expansion 01 lining membranes as low as possible in Ihe The extrudate temperature and hot gas temperature rnust ~
welding area and to be able to apply the welding force. The controllable. The mass flow in the welding sh~ pushe~t ~
welding parameters are to be set in such a way Ihat Ihe heat equipment lorwards and determines the weldlng spe o
stress and mechanical stress on the material are as low as possible, the lorce is to be applied In such a way tnat n
possible and a high long-term weld lactor is obtained. The extrudate leaks out at the side.

1) Diffusion bondlOg is also descnbed as solvem welding In the techncal literatura and In me regulatJOns. and the sofVents usad here are siso deSCflbed
as soivent weldlng compounds
 Page 3 to DVS 2225-1

P1asOClser urut -+--- Blower

(extruder)

-+---- Heatmq cartndge

Welding shoe
7'----- Hot gas nozzle

Surface welding ~¡g~~~~~~~J:!~~S;:S=52:l2'i:'S~f>-

Uning membranes

F~ure 3. Manual hot gas exnusion weldlng - outnne dlagram.

4.1.1.3 Executlon of weld 4.1.1.5 Welding parameters

In practise, present-day welding uses the lollowing ranges 01
In order lo avoid big changes in cross-seclion, Ihe Ihickness 01
parameters, Table 1:
lhe weldlng Iiller after the joint process should be about O-S mm
lor tap joints. The reinlorcement arising Irom Ihe weld area
Table 1. Weldlng parameters for extrusion welding (guldelines).
should measure less than hall the sheet thickness. For surface
welds, the Ihickness 01 Ihe exlrudale al Ihe Iransilion Irom Ihe Mechanical Manual
upper lining membrane lo Ihe lower lining membrane should be welding welding
al leasl the Ihickness of the IIning membrane. The welding liller
should be Ihe same Iype 01 material as Ihe sheel malerial. The Hot gas temperature ·C 300 .. 360 220 260
surface weld should run lo Ihe edges wilhout bead. The sheel Extrudate temperalure ·C 220 .. 250 220 250
edges musl be coaxlal under Ihe extrudate coaling. The coaling Specific joining lorce N/mm 10 No ligure
wldlh should be z 30 mm. The overfapping musl measure at least roller widlh can be given
hall Ihe weld widlh plus 50 mm. For surface welding, lhe fronl Welding speed mlmln 1 ... 4 0.2 ... 0.5
face 01Ihe upper lining membrane is lo be beveled al an angle 01
aboul 45· In order lo prevenl Ihe overfapping sheels from 4.1.2 Heated wedge weldlng (HH)
dlverglng Irom one anolher, they can be atlached belore lhey are Heated wedge welding is used for linlng membranes made Irom
welded, usmq hol gas. thermoplasucs.

4.1.1.4 Operatlonal procedure 4.1.2.1 Description of process

The plasticised welding filler (exlrudale) IS led In immedialely
after Ihe joint laces reach Ihe welding lemperature. The extrudate
lemperalure Is measured in lhe cenlre 01 Ihe oullet crcss-section
01Ihe nozzle. The hol gas lemperature lor Ihe pre-heating 01the
10lnt laces is measured in the centre 01 the air oullet cross-
seclion. It should be matched to the atmospheric conditions
(temperature, wind, etc.). When welding machines are used, the
extrudate strip should be kept under light pre-tension, so that it
can be inserted with slraighl edges.
Immedlately after Ihe welding Iiller has been fed in, the joininq
lorce is apphed. For welding machines without back pressure
syslems, the joining force is determined by the weight 01 the
maehma. For manual welding equipment, the lorce is applied
manually_The welding speed is derived Irom the extrudale output
and the weld dimensions. No after-treatment of Ihe weld is
reqUlred.
Heated wedge welding IScharacterised by the lollowing leatures:
- Welding is carried out without welding filler.
- The joining laces are plasticised by direct contact with Ihe
healed wedge (heated 1001).
- The joining lorce is applied immedlately after the joining laces
have been brought into Ihe Ihermoplastic condition.
4.1.2.2 Machlnes and equipment
Heatad wedge welding machines
Healed wedge welding machines (Fig. 4) are used for the
continuous welding 01 longer types 01 weld. The machines are
equipped with a bilateral pressure system lo apply the joining
lorce. The roller distance must be adjustable to correspond wrth
!he shee1 thickness. The welding speed, heated wedge
temperature and joining lorce must be adjustable over specilic
ranges.

Pressura roller
and drivlng roller

...-1I;;;J;;J~6~~~;'::I::I=--- lining membrane

Lap¡oinl
Heated wedge

GUJde reaers

Woóong dlrectoon ----.._

Figure 4. MechamcaJ heated wedge wek:hng - outhne dlagram.

Page 4 to DVS 2225-'

Blower

Pressure roller Heatlng canndge

and dnvlng roller

Lap jolnt Lrnlng membrana

Wooungdrrection-----11 •.

Figure 5. Mechantcal hot gas weldlng - outune dlagram.

Pressure roner

Blower

-.'-'----- Heatlng cartndge

unll19 membranes
LapJOInt

HOI gas

Wor1ong dlrEtcuon --- ..• _

Figure 6. Manual not gas weldlng - outhne d1agram

Manual weldlng equipment 4.1.3 Hol gas weldlng (WU)

Manual heated wedge welding equipmsnt IS used for short welds.
welding areas where access is diHicult. connection work and
repairs. The heated wedge temperatures must be adjustable.
The welding force is applied manually using rollers.
4.1.2.3 Operational procedure
For welding machines, Ihe heated wedge temperature, joining
force and welding speed are set in accordance with the sheet
material and sheet thickness, as well as the extemal
temperature. The heated wedge temperature ls measured at the
heated wedge surface. For sheets made from PVC-P with
reinforcement linings, a sealing operation using a pasty plastic
solution based on the same raw material must be carried out to
secure the weld edges.
4.1.2.4 Welding parameters far mechanlcal welding
In practice. present-day welding is carried out over the following
parameter ranges, Table 2:
Table 2. Weldlng parameters far healed wedge welding (guidelines).
Hot gas welding is used for IIning membranes made from
thermoplastics.
4.1.3.1 Oescriptlon 01 process
Hot gas welding is characterised by the following features:
- No welding filler is used.
- The joining surfaces are heated using heating gas (for
example, air) and brought to a thermoplastic condition.
- The jOlning force is applied immediately after the thennoplastic
condition has been obtained.
4.1.3.2 Machines and equlpment
Hot gas welding machlnes
Hot gas welding machines (Fig. 5) are used for the continuou~
welding of longer types of weld and are equipped with unllatera
or bilateral pressure systems for the application of the jOln~g
force. In bi-Iateral systems, the .'oller distance must be adjustath:
to correspond with the sheet thíckness. In unilateral systems,
back pressure is applied by Ihe substratum. Hot gas weld~n~
machines are suitable for produclng single and double welds ~
gas temperatures, welding speeds and jOlnlng forces must

r-- PE-HD ECB I PVC-P adjustable.

I Heated wedge Manual weldlng equlpment f
temperature ·C 280 ... 400 360 ... 400 400 ... 450 Manual weldlng equipment (Flg. 6) is used for shorter types ~
Specific Joinlng force 20 3 ... 5 3 ... 5' weld and for repatr work. The hot gas temperature must al
N/mm roller wldth directly adjustable. The joinlng force is appiled uSlng manu
Welding speed mlmin 0.5 ... 2.5 2 ... 3 '.5 ... 2.5 pressure rollers.
 Page 5 to DVS 2225-1

Table 3. Welding parameters for hot gas weldlng (guldelines).

~ual
PE-HD
Irnechanical
b manual
ECB
I mechanical
PVC-P
manual rl:echanical
~

Hot gas temperature -c I :~~.... 320 1350. 450 320 ... 500 1450 ... 550 450 ... 500 450 ... 550
Hot gas quantity Vmin about 230 about 600 about 230 about 600 about 230 about 600
Specllic joining lorce N/mm roller width No ligure can 20 No figure can 10 No figure can 10
be aobtained be given be given
Weld¡ng speed mlmin 0.1 ... 0.2 0.5 ... 2.5 0.4 ... 0.6 1.5 ... 3.0 0.2 ... 0.4 1.0 ... 3.0

4.1.3.3 Operational procedure - The solvent causes pasty layers made 01 solvent and sheet
When welding machmes are used, the hot gas temperature, material to lorm on the overlap surfaces.
joinlng toree and welding speed are set in accordance with the - The joining toree is applied immediately after dissolution
membrane material and membrane thickness, as well as the begins, until no lurther splitting occurs.
external temperature. The hot gas temperature is measured 5
mm inside the nozzle centre, i.e. two measurements are required 4.2.1.2 Solvent
on nozzles lor lap joints wíth testing channels.
The following solvents are used:
With manual welding equipment, the welding speed is monitored
Tetrahydrolurane (THF) For PVC-P, ENA, PE-C
Ihrough the welding bead which arises. The thickness 01 the
weldlng bead must not exceed hall the thickness 01 !he Mixture made Irom
membrane. Dependlng on the type 01 material, the pressure is 213tetrahydrolurane
applled in the direction 01 welding (Ior example, with PE and and 1/3 toluene by weight ForCSM
ECB) or at an angle 01 approximately 45° to the direction 01
Perchloroethylene For EPDM, extemal surface
welding (Ior example, with PVC-P). Single-arm pressure rollers
not cross-linked
are to be used lor pressure angles 01 less than 45°. For
membranes made Irom PVC-P with reinlorcement linings, a
4.2.1.3 Equlpment
sealing operation using a pasty plastic solution based on the
same raw material must be carried out to secure the weld edges. For longer types 01weld:
Mobite bondmq vehicles. wruch are manually guided using
4.1.3.4 Weldlng parameters
rollers. The joinlng lorce is applied through a brush plate.
In pracuce, present-day welding operanons are camed out over Working speeds lor PVC-P equal 10 to 12 mlmin.
Ihe parameter ranges Table 3.
For short and medium welds:
4.2 Bondlng by adheslves Manual equipment with solvent containers (Fig. 7) or tlat brush.
Bondlng by adhesives Is used to bond thermoplastic sheets The joining lorce is applied using sandbags (Ior example, PElo
made Irom PVC-P, as well as elastomer sheets based on CA, Working speeds lor PVC-P: 3 to 4 mlmin lor manual equipment
EPDM, IIA, NBA and CSM21.Only lap joints are produced. and approximately 2 mlmin il tlat brushes are used.

4.2.1 Dlffuslon bonding 4.2.1.4 Operational procedure

Diffuslon bonding IS used with linlng membranes based on the The solvent 15 to be applied to the joining surfaces 01both sheets
raw matenals PVC-P, PE-C, ENA, CSM and EPDM, wlth surface simullaneously. A sealing opsranon using a pasty plaslic solution
layers which are not cross-linked. based on the same raw material can be carried out to secure the
weld edges. Seallng must take place il the sheets are labric-
4.2.1.1 Oescription of process hnsd. The lollowing measures can be used to avoid capillaries in
the vicinity 01T-jolnts. depending on the quality and thickness 01
Diffusion bonding is characterised by the lollowing leatures: the sheels:
- Solvenls are used lor bonding.
- mechanical beveling 01overlapping lront lace
- 80th joining surfaces are lntensively wetted with the solvent - plasticing and beveling
simultaneously. - lilling out throat with pasty plastic solution.

_'2 __

Solvent

Pressure roll

Linlng membranes
Lap joint

Screw-head brush
Working dlrection ---_e_
Figure 7. Drsconunuoua vulcanising - Dutllne dlagram.

-
2) Up to 6 months atter manulacturing undar determlnaled storaga conchtions.
Page 6 to DVS 2225-1

The Initial strength is determined by the absorption grade 01 the - The vulcanisation is carried out discontinuously.
sheet material with regard to the diffusing solvent. The linal weld
strength is not atlained until after the complete evaporation 01the 4.3.2 Machines and equipment
solvent, which is dependent on time and temperature.
Portable, mobile and stationary machines (hot bond macht
are available lor vulcanisation (Fig. 8). The machines,nes)
4.2.2 Adhesion bonding
equipped with a bilateral plate system to apply the joining I are
and lor heating purposes. eres
4.2.2.1 Descripllon of process

The adhesion bonding 01 lining membranes is characterised by
the lollowing leatures:
- Contact adhesives containing solvent or dissolved elastomers
01good brushable consistency are used lor adhesion.
- The adhesives bond perfeclly with the cleaned and dry overlap
surfaces of the lining membranes.
- The joining force is applied when the solvent has been evapo-
rated.
4.2.2.2 Machines and equipmenl
Coating machines are used to apply the adhesive for long welds.
Coating rallers or f1atbrushes are used for short welds, with the
joining pressure being applied manually.
The contact pressure must be adjustable to correspond with th
sheet thickness. Vulcanising temperatures and cycle times m ~
be inlinitely adjustable. us
4.3.3 Operational procedure
The vulcanising parameters are set In accordance with the sheet
material and the sheet thickness, as well as the extemal
temperature. The temperature 01 the heating plates is measured
on their surface. The vulcanising press is thrust lorward over the
overlap area closed by the strips 01 welding filler. The healing
plates are pressed against one another in accordance with the
cycle laid down. No secondary treatment 01 the vulcanised bond
is required.
4.3.4 Vulcanising parameters

4.2.2.3 Operational procedure The lollowing vulcanising parameters have proved themselves In
practice lor sheet thicknesses 01 1,5 and 2 mm and lor a heating
The adhesive is applied to the joining surfaees of both sheets plate length 01100 cm (Table 4):
simultaneously. A basic agitation is required before the adhesive
is removed. After the solvent has been evaporated (30 minutes
maximum), the sheets are gently pressed together by hand. Table 4. Vulcanising parameters (guidelines).
Next, the sheet s are pressed together, within the contact IIR I EPDM---
adhesion lime laid down, under a temporary high-pressure force.
Manual steel rallers are used lor this. The rolling is done in the Heating plate temperature ·C 190 1170
longitudinal welding direction. No more corrections are possible Joining pressure N/mm2 0.8 0.8
after this. The minimum solvent extraction time laid down must Heating cycle see 150 190
be unconditionalty adhered to; it is dependent on the type and Vulcanising speed mlmin 0.4 10.3
quantity of solvent contained in the adhesive, the thiekness of the
adhesive layer, the temperature and the air f1ow. The adhesive
manufacturer's specifieations are to be respected. To avoid
5 Salety at Work and Accident Prevention
capiltaries in the vicinity of T-joints, the throats at the end 01 the
upper sheet are lilled with a sealing paste belore the joining
Technical equipment and working substances may be put on the
surfaces are ralled.
market only il they correspond to the generally recognised state
Contact adhesives have a high intitial strength. The linal strength 01 the art and meet the specilications for salety at work and
is not altained until after complete evaporation 01the solvent. accident prevention. Special attention should be paid here to the
lollowing rules:
4.3 Vulcanisatlon
Code 01 practice M 017 01 the Berufsge- Solvents
Vulcanisation is employed in the bonding 01 Iining membranes nossenschaft der Chemischen Industrie
based on the elastomers IIR and EPDM. It can also be used to (1987)
bind shaped parts made Irom IIR or EPDM into the lining Unlallverhülungsvorschriften der Berufsge- Conslruction work
membranes. Only lap joints are produced. nossenschaft VBG 37nce
VDE 0100 Ereclion 01 Power Installations wilh Rated Voltages
4.3.1 Oescription of process
01up to 1,000 V;
The joining 01lining membranes by vulcanisation is characterised
in particular
by the lollowing lea tures:
Part 706 - Conlined Conducting Spaces
- Welding Iiller in strip lorm, based on the same raw material,
Part 737 - Moist and Wet Areas and Rooms, lnstal-
which is not completely vulcanised, is used lor joining.
lalions in lhe Open Air
- The joining surfaces are bonded to one another through this
VDE 0105 Operalion 01 Power Installations
welding Iiller under the aetion 01heat and lorce (vuleanised).

Swivelling auxiliary roller system

H""O~
Lining membranes
Lap [oint

Working direclion ----<--

Agure 8. Dlscontlnuous yulcanislng - oulline dlagram.
 Page 7 to DVS 2225-1

6 Standard s, Specllications, Guidelines DIN 16938 Plastic Lining Membranes made Irom Polyvinyl
Chloride containing Plasticiser (PVC-P), not Bitu-
OIN 1910 Weldmg; Welding 01 Plastics, Processes (09.77) men-compatible; Specilications (12.86)
par! 3 DIN 18195 Structural Seals; General Comments (08.83)
OIN7728 Plastics; Code Letters and Abbreviations lor poly- Partl
mers and their Special Properties (02.89)
Par! 1 DIN 18 195 Structural Seals; Materials (08.83)
OIN7884 Elastomer Sheets lor Seals; Specilicalions, Testing Part2
Par! 1 (04.84)
DIN 18 195 Struclural Seals; Processing 01 Materials (08.83)
OIN 16726 Plastic Reol Membranes, Plastic Uning mem- Part3
branes; Testing (12.86)
DIN 18195 Structural Seals; Seals against Ground MOisture,
OIN 16729 Plastic Reol Membranes and Plastic Lining mem- Part4 Measurement and Fonmat (08.83)
branes made Irom Ethylene Copolymer Bitumen
DIN 18195 Structural Seals; Seals against Water not under
(ECB); Specilications (09.84)
Part5 Pressure, Format and Measurement (02.84)
OIN 16730 Plastic Reol Membranes made Irom Polyvinyl
DIN 18 195 Structural Seals; Seals against Water under exter-
Chloride containing Plasticiser (PVC-P), not Bitu-
Par! 6 nal pressure, Format and Measurement (08.83)
men-compatible; Specifications (12.86)
DIN 18195 Structural Seals; Seals against Water under inter-
OIN 16734 Plastic Reol Membranes made Irom Polyvinyl
Part7 nal pressure, Fonmat and Measurement (in prepa-
Chloride contairunq Plasticiser (PVC-P) with Lining,
ration)
not Bitumen-compatible; Specilications (12.86)
DIN 18 195 Struclural Seals; Seals over Set1lement Joints
OIN 16736 Plastic Reol Membranes and Plastlc Lining Mem-
Par! 8 (08.83)
branes made Irom Chlorinated PolyethyJene (PE-
C), Single -lined; Specilications (12.86) DIN 18 195 Structural Seats; Penetration, Transitions, Borders
Part 9 (12.86)
OIN 16737 Plastic Reol Membranes and Plastic Llning Mem-
branes made Irom Chlorinated Polyelhylene (PE- DIN 18 195 Structural Seals; Protective Layers and Protective
C) with a Fabric lnsert: Specifications (12.86) Part 10 Measures (08.83)

DIN 16776 Plastic Moulding Malerials; Polyethylene (PE Moul- Swiss Engineers' and Arctu- Plastic Lining Membranes; Spe-
Part 1 ding Materials), classiflcation and Description tects' Association (SEAA) No. cification Values and Materials
(12.84) 280 Testing
OIN 16920 Adhesives, Adhesive Processing, Terrninoloqy North Rhine-Westphalia Land Waste Removal Tip Base Seals
(06.81) Specilications (1985) made Irom Lining Membranes
DIN 16925 Extruded Panels made lrom Polyethylene (PE); Deutsche Gesellschaf1 lür Erd- Use and Testing 01 Plastics in
Technical Terms 01 Delivery (07.84) und Grundbau (1987) Geotechnical and hydraulic
Application
OIN 16937 Plastic Lining Membranes made Irom Polyvinyl
Chloride containing Plasticiser (PVC-P), Bitumen- IIBt - Basic Structural and Plastic Lining Membranes
compatible; Spectlications (12.86) Testing Principies lor Water
Protection, Partl (1985)
 Joining 01 Lining Membranes Direction
ovs - OEUTSCHER VERBANO
Made 01 Polymer Materials in Geotechnical DVS 2225-2
FÜR SCHWEISSEN UNO
and Hydraulic Engineering -
VERWANOTE VERFAHREN E.V.
Site Testing (Augus11992)

Contents: Lining membranes are manulactured continuously, in widths up

to 12 m and in thicknesses up to 5 mm.Minimum thicknesses are
1 Scope laid down in the individual Codes 01 Practice related to the
2 Lining membranes application.
3 Weld structures
The surfaces can be smooth or structured. The membranes can
4 Site testing
be homogeneous (01 one material) or built up in several layers
4.1 Nature and scope 01the tesis
They can have strengthening inserts (Ior example labnc)'
4.2 Test 01outer appearance
laminations (Ior example mat) or metal loil inserts. '
4.3 Dimensional check
4.4 Strength test
4.5 Imperviousness test
3 Weld structures
4.6 Test reports
5 Instructions lar retouching work
The lining membranes are usually laid with overlap (Iap [oint),
6 Standards, Specifications, Guidelines
The joining welds can be classilied as per Fig. 1:
- Lap welded joints withoul test channel (single weld)
Scope
- Lap welded joints with test channel (double weld)
This Direction applies to the site tests on joints made by welding, - Overlay seams.
adhesive bonding or vulcanizing lar waterprooling systems with
lining membranes 01 polymer materials in geotechnical and
hydraulic engineering, lor waste dump seals and other
• • • •
groundwater protection measures. This Direction is intended to !
• •
, • • i
@
•
• - i
serve as a guide to the responsible Authorities, employers,
contractors and inspectors lor the site tests to be carried out. This
Direction should ensure that Ihe join seams are properly lested
on site. Part 1 01 this Direction deals with the joining methods
welding, adhesive bonding and vulcanizing.
• • i
- • ••i
Lap welded joints without test channel - single weld
•

2 Lining membranes
• • .M •
- •• • •, • , • - 11I'

Lining membranes lar Ihe applications mentioned are

manulaclured on Ihe basis 01Ihermoplastics and elastomers:
• • ¡M -- - • i •
Lap welded [olnts with test channel - double weld
Thermoplastics
-
-
-
Plasticised polyvinyl chloride
High density polyethylene
Low density polyethylene
PVC-P
PE-HD
PE-LD
• -t. - . - . a; • •
Overlay seams
- Chlorinated polyethylene PE-C
- Ethylene-copolymerisate-bitumen ECB Figure 1. Weld strucíures - schematic drawings.
- Ethylene vinyl acetate EN A
Lining membranes made 01 thermoplastics consist 01 un-
4 Site testing
crosslinked macromolecules. they can be melled by heat and
thus joined by welding. Some, lor example PVC-P, can be
4.1 Nature and scope 01 the tests
partially dissolved by solvent and can therelore also be [oined by
adhesive bonding. The scope 01 this Direction only ineludes the tests which are
Elastomers
carried out on the spot during the execution 01 the work. They
serve both as part 01 the specimen joints lor adjusting the
- Butyl rubber 11R
process parameters and lor testing the linished welds.
- Ethylene-propylene-diene-rubber EPDM
- Polychloroprene-rubber CR AII site tests must be carried out within the Iramework 01 the
- Nitryl-butadiene-rubber NBR internal site control by the membrane-Iaying contractor. TM
- Chlorosulphonated polyethylene CSM results must be documented completely and in an easy to
examine manner.
Lining membranes made 01 elastomers consist 01
macromolecules, which are loosely crosslinked by vulcanization. Within the Iramework 01 external site control the internal site
They cannot be melled. Their most important leature is their control is to be checked by qualilied Testing Institutes or ExperlS
rubber elasticity, which is broadly retained even at low and extended by inspection tests on the site and additional tests
temperatures. in Ihe labaratory.

ThIS publlcation was preparad by a group 01 experfenced spectahsts worklng Ioqether In an honorary capaclty. and 1I15recommended íhatu Should be respected as
an Important source 01 knowledge. The user must al aU times check .he extent 10 which the contenta apply 10his or her speclal case and whether Ihe version avallable
lo hlm or her la sutl current. Any Hablltty on Ihe part o, Ihe Gorrnan Welding Society and ct tbose pal1lcipalJngIn the preparation ollhis occorenr is excJuded

DVS, Technical Committee, Working Group "Plastics, Welding and Adhesive Bonding"

Ord rs lo; OVSNerlaQ GmbH. P. O. Box 101965.40010 Düsseldorf. G rmanv. Phone: +49f0\211/1591-0_ TelAlax' +4Qtn\2:11/15ql·l~
page2 to DVS 2225-2

The site tests relate to the lollowing characteristics:
_ Quter appearance 01 the weld
_ Olmensions 01 the weld
_ Strength 01 the weld
_ Imperviousness 01 the weld.
rne welds must be checked continuously lor outer appearance
and imperviousness and on a random sample basis Ior
dimensions and strength. The random samples are prelerably
taken lrom the specimen joints and the weld ends.
The tests described in this Direction mutually augment each
nther in nature and scope. It is not possible to make a statement
about all the properties 01 the weld with one test method alone.
Fig. 2 shows the nature and scope 01 the various possible test
methods lor the diHerent weld structures.
4.2 Testlng for outer appearance
4.2.1 Melhod
The outer appearance 01 Ihe welds is checked by visual
examination. With Ihe help 01 a scribe, areas which are not
jOlned, i.e. delects in the region 01 the weld edges, can also be
detected. The outer appearance is used in the íirst place to
assess the correct manual execution 01 the weld.
4.2.2 Fleld 01 Applicatlon
AIIweld regions including the T -butt joints and connections where
piping passes through and solid structures are assessed
independently 01 the joining method and 01 the weld structure.
4.2.3 Carrying out the test
The visual examination takes place continuously over tne lull
length. The scribe is inserted at intervals or in the case 01 soft
elastic membranes drawn under pressure along the weld
edges over the lull length. At delective areas in the external weld
region the scribe penetrates into unsatislactorily joined regions.
4.2.4 Test results
In the test lor outer appearance the weld is examined tor
irregularities and visible delects. In detail Ihe lollowing leatures
are checked:
- Structure and unilormity 01 the seam path
- Bulging on the Iront weld edge in the case 01 lap welded joints
and In the boundary region in the case 01 surface seams
- Central position and unilorm boundary regions in the case 01
surface seams
- Smooth and slreak-Iree surface in the case 01 surface seams
4.2.5 Evaluatlon of the test results
The outer appearance 01 the weld is satislactory il it shows no
irregularities and delects:
- Locally limited irregularities 01 small extent do not reduce
the suitability 01 the welds ter use.
- Bulges on the Iront edge 01 lap welded joints or in the boundary
areas 01 surface seams are permissible, il they occur in a
locally limited manner and are not thicker than the membrane.
- Notches and grooves with smooth transitions are permissible
up to a depth 01 t 0% 01 Ihe membrane Ihickness to a limited
exten\.
- In the case 01 larger and Irequently occurring irregularities the
weld areas in question must be retouched.
- Delects must generally be retouched.
In order to avoid vagueness during the execution 01 Ihe work in
individual cases, It is to be recommended that the criteria lor the
outer appearance be established in each case belore the
beginnlng 01 building, using an adequately long specimen weld.
In cases 01 doubt specimen pieces must be taken Irom the welds,
on which lurther properties can be tested.
4.2.6 Llmils 01 Ihe test method
Correct assessment 01 the outer appearance requires special
knowledge and experience. Statemenls concerning the
imperviousness and strength 01 the weld can only be derived to a
limited exten\.
4.3 Examination of the dimensions
4.3.1 Melhod
The critical dimensions 01 the weld are determined on strip-
shaped specimens Irom the weld or on Ihe weld itsell.
4.3.2 Field ct application
AII weld structures can be examined. The weld dimensions
supply indications lor adjusting the process parameters on Ihe
basis 01 the specimen joints. They permit conclusions to be
drawn about the unilorm maintalning 01 the process parameters
during joining.
4.3.3 Carrying out the examlnation
The weld dimensions are prelerably determined on specimens
taken Irom the specimen joints or lrom the weld ends. The
thlckness measurements are made with measuring instruments
to DIN 53 370. The weld thickness can also be measured on a
random basis on the linished welds using ultrasound.
4.3.4 Test results
Depending on the weld structure the dimensions shown in Fig. 3
are determined:

- Notches and grooves in the weld region ü = total overlap

Ü1 = lront Iree overlap
- Oelects, lar example unwelded regions and pínch lolds Ü2 = rear Iree overlap

Weld Structures
Lap welded joints Lap welded joints Overley sea m
without test channel with test channel
-e- Appea - - ~Visual - ~Visual
rance Continuous Visual
.~ scribe scribe scribe
•• Dimensions Random samples Mechanical Mechanical Mechanical
;:5 Ultrasound Ultrasound
g Strength --- Random samples
-Peel test Peel test Peel test
-
~
O Imperviousness - - .-
Continuous Ultrasound Compressed air Vacuum
Vacuum High voltage
High voltage
------
Figur•2.
NatUt9 and scope of the sita tests.
 page 3 to OvS 2225.2

bN ; total width 01 the seam ,;1

bN1 ; width 01 the lront part 01 the seam • MI; • • •
bN2
bp
;
;
width 01 the rear parts 01 the seam
width 01 the test channel
.: ==
do ; thickness 01 the upper membrane
du ; thickness 01 the lower membrane
Lap welded jolm wlthout test channel
dN ; thickness 01 the seam
dNl ; thickness 01 the lront part 01 the seam
dN2 ; thickness 01 the rear part 01 the seam
In this way the relevant assessment criteria lor the seam •
thicknesses can be determined:
INA ; seam thickness lactor lor the overtay seam
; dN I (do + du)
Lap welded IOlnt wrthtest channel
~dN ; weld path (thickness change) lor the lap welded joint

4.3.5
; (do + du) - dN

Evaluation o, the test results

It must be demonstrated that the weld dimensions correspond to

• .: I • • • • ~1l==lI.'Ot!t::::¡
I
the Codes 01 Practice related to the material and application and
to the project requirements: Surface seams
- The rear Iree overlap should amount to at least 40 mm lor Figure 3. Seam mrnensíons.
testing reasons among others. The Iront Iree overlap should be
a maximum 01 5 times the membrane thickness. Locally limited 4.3.6 Limito 01 the test method
deviations however do not impair the weld qualily.
The dimensions give indications 01 the setting 01 the joining
- The seam and test channel width agreed by contract or parameters and their unitormrty during joining. Statements
prescribed in !he Codes 01 Practice specilic lor the apphcation conceming imperviousness 01 the seam are not possíble,
must be observed. conceming strength only to a hmited extent
- The seam thickness should be unilorm over !he seam length
4.4 Strength Test
and seam width and he within the material and process-
dependent regions. 4.4.1 Method
The lollowing criteria lor the seam thicknesses must be complied For the qualitative determinanon 01 !he strength 01 the lomt
with: destructive tensile peel tests are carried out on random samples.
These peel tests are short-term tests lor the quahtative
Lap welded [otnts wlthout weldlng IlIIer
assessment 01 the delormation and lailure behaviour 01 the weld
Membranes 01 partially crystalline matenals, e.g. PE-HO
The peel tests are based on OIN 16 726 and are carned out on
0.2 ;; ódN s 0.8 20 to 50 mm wide strip specimens.
Membranes 01 amorphous materials, e.g. PVC-P 4.4.2 Field 01appllcation
O;; .6dN;; 0.6 The peel tests can be used to check all weld structures. The tests
Lap welded [ctnts wlth welding filler: serve both to adjust the process parameters within the
Iramework 01 the specimen joints and also to monitor the weld
strength achieved.
Surface seams:
4.4.3 Carrylng out the test
1.25 s INA s 1.75
The speomens are strip specimens taken perpendicularly to me
In the case 01 surface seams, the eccentricily (misalignment) 01 weld. The strip specimens must be taken in such a way that In
the weld must be 5 mm maximum. each case adequate clamping lenglhs as per Fig. 4 are available.

Dimensions in mm

, ,-
t 1~20 12 ~'OO -1,

I
11I

Figure 4. Samphng and stress ter the pael19S1

Paga4 to DVS 2225-2
rne tests are carried out with testing instruments suitable lar the
site. which make it possible to apply a tensile load and
delormation speed as unilorm as possible. Delormations must
not be measured as part of this test. In the case of lining
membranes for which the peel strength must also be determined
quantitatively for assessing the weld strength (tor example in the
case of membranes of PVC-P or ECB) the forces must be
measured.
4.4.4 Test results
The delormation and failure behaviour is assessed qualitalively
and the peel strength quantitatively.
4.4.5 Evaluation of the test resulta
The results of this strength test serve for venfying and finally
determining the joining parameters as part of the specimen joints
and lar assessing the joint strength achieved (peel strength) on
specimens.
The quality 01 the weld is assessed on the basis of the following
entena:
_ Stretching of the base material. outside the weld, without
peeling of the weld.
The weld is of good quality.
_ Stretching 01 the base material. next to the weld or in the weld
region. after Iimited peeling of the weld.
In the case of lining membranes made of PE-HD. the welds
have adequate quality il the remaining residual weld width in
the majority of the individual tests is greater than the required
minimum width.
- Separation 01 the laminations or layers 01 the base material. in
the case of multiple-Iayer or laminated membranes, next to or
in the region al the weld.
In the case of soft elastic membranes the weld has adequate
quality if a peel strength 01 at least 60% of the comparable
maximum tensile force is achieved at 100% elongation.
- Peeling al the weld.
In Iining membranes of PE-HD the weld is of inadequate
quality. In the case of soft elastic membranes the weld is of
adequate quality, if a peel strength of minimum 62% of the
comparable tensile lorce at 100% elongation is reached.
Indications for this result lrom the deformation and Iracture
appearance in the joining area.
- Stretching al the welding Iiller (extrudate) in the case 01 surtace
seams.
The weld is still of adequate quality il this lailure occurs
sporadically and a peel strength 01 at least 75% 01 the peel
strength in the case of stretching in the base material is
achieved near the weld.
- Failure 01 the base material near to or in the weld region
Wlthout noticeable stretching, i.e. plastic deformation.
The weld is not 01 adequate quality.
4.4,6 Llmlts of the test method
The short-term peel tests are basically carried out within the
context 01 the internal supervision for adjusting the process
parameters and lar qualitative assessment 01 Ihe weld. In the
Context 01 the external supervision they must be augmented by
laboratory tests in accordance with the standards, in arder also to
be able to reach a sale and quantilied conclusion about the joint
strength.
4.5 Impervlousness Test
4.5.1 General
i orthe contlnuous testing 01 the welds lar imperviousness the
est method must be matched to the particular weld structure. As
par Flg. 2. the following test methods must be used:
ft'pe5tlOgwilh
welded ]0101s without test channel
high voltage
Te5110gwith ultrasound
Te5Ungwith vacuum
Lap welded [olnts wlth test chaonel
Testing with compressed air
Surf'ace seams
Testing with high voltage
Testing with vacuum
4.5.2 Testlng with compressed alr
4.5.2.1 Method
The compressed air test is used lor imperviousness testing 01
lapp welded [oints with test channel (double welds) under delined
mechanical stress.
The test conditions, such as test pressure and test duration, must
be matched to the membrane material, the membrane thickness,
the test channel dimensions and the temperature.
4.5.2.2 Field of application
With the compressed air test lap welded joints with test channel
can be tested indestructively lar imperviousness over their lull
length in one test procedure.
4.5.2.3 Carrying out the test
The test should only take place approximately one hour after
joining.
The equipment lor applying compressed air with pressure gauge
or pressure recorder is mounted at one end 01 the weld, and
closes the test channel in an airtight manner. Here the
compressed air is led in and lirst the imperviousness 01 the weld
is tested. The other end 01 the weld is closed airtight, e.g. by hot
gas welding or clamping devices.
The actual test pressure is only applied after approximately one
minute 01 preliminary stress, in order to condition initial
delormations. This preliminary stress can be higher than the linal
test pressure.
The test period lar the compressed air test is t O minutes. At the
end 01 the test penad the test channel is opened at the opposite
end to the test direction. The air must escape suddenly.
Welds which cannot be tested right through must be tested in
sections. In the case 01 delects which are not directly detectable
correspondingly shorter test lengths must be selected in arder to
Iimit the defective regions.
The test pressure must also be matched to the temperatures, the
test channel width and the thickness and the material of the lining
membrane.
Fig. 5 shows as examples test pressures for two different Iining
membranes as a function of the temperature. In individual cases,
suitable calculations for determining the test pressure in relation
to the material, the membrane thickness and the test channel
width must be made.
4.5.2.4 Test results
The pressure is plotted against the test time or the pressure at
the beginning and end 01 the test time is recorded.
4.5.2.5 Evaluatioo of the test resutts
The weld is regarded as impervious il the pressure in the test
channel falls by not more than 10% of the initial value during the
prescribed test duration.
4.5.2.6 Llmits 01 the test method
The compressed air test is an imperviousness test under
mechanical stress. The mechanical stress during the test
enables only limited concluslons to be made about Ihe joint
strength.
4.5.3 Testln9 wlth vacuum
4.5.3.1 Melhod
The vacuum method can be used lor testlng the impervlousness
of both lap welded joints and surlace seams.
 4.5.3.5 Evaluation of Ihe test results

I I The weld is regarded as impervious il the negalive preSSur

builds up continuously, remains constant during the testlng time
cc r t--- Test channel width and il no bubbles lorm in the weld, e

4.5.3.6 Llmits of Ihe test method

<, b,: 10lmm Membrana thickness
2 - 3 u Because of the length 01 time required lor lesting longer Welds
as a rule .the vacuum test is IImited to short weld lengths and
partial reglons, such as corners, connecnons, T -butt joints, etc. In
<, ~ many cases the vacuum tests serves as an additional test to
<, <, other test methods.

r-, r-, <,

1 <,
r-, <,
PE - HO
4.5.4 Testing with ultrasound

4.5.4.1 Method
The test with ultrasound works according to the pulse-eCho

- ---r--..
method. The weld is checked lor defects using the principie of a
thickness rneasurement. The weld is assumed lo be impervious
b,: lO 20 m" on the basis 01 this proof 01 homogeneity.
~ The lest quipment consists 01 probe and base uni!. The
transmitter and receiver are contained in the probe (SE). The
Pvf - P base unit can be equipped with analog (monitor) or dlgital
r-- .•......••
display .
Inlormation about the correct testing (lar example \he coupling 01
the probe to the weld) and the test results are displayed optically
and can be accompanied by acoustic signals.

10 20 lO 60 The Irequency range lies between 4 and 10 MHz.

Membrane Temperature 4.5.4.2 Fleld 01 appllcatlon

The ultrasonic test is used lor continuous or random sample non-
Figure 5. Test pressure as a function ot the membrane temperatura destructive weld testing, mainly on lining membranes made 01
during the compressed air test.
PE-HD.

The test takes place with a transparent test bell (for example of
PMMA), which is connected to a vacuum pump. On the edge the
bell has a compression sealing ring so that the test area can be
closed oft airtight.
During the test a vacuum is generated in the bel!. The vacuum
must be matched to the membrane material, the membrane
thickness and the dimensions of the test bel!.
Only lap welded joints without test channel are tested
eonlinuously. Lap welded joints with test ehannel ean be checked
on a random sample basis as an addilion to Ihe compressed aIC
test. Surface seams can only be tesled il \he weld surfaees are
suftieiently flat, smooth and vlrtually parallel to the underside 01
the weld over a sufficient width.
4.5.4.3 Carrylng out Ihe test

4.5.3.2 Field 01 application
With the vacuum test non-destructive imperviousness tesling of
lap welded joints wilh Ilush (closed) Iront edges and 01 build-up
welds can be carried out in sections.
Suilably shaped tesl bells must be used on grooves, edges and
corners.
4.5.3.3 Carrying out the test
There must be a condilioning period 01 approximalely one hour
between joining and testing. The seam area to be tested must be
coated or sprayed with a bubble-Iorming liquid, tor example
soapsuds. (Care must be taken to ensure Ihat this liquid has no
impermissible eftects on Ihe long term behaviour 01 the weld
regions under praclical conditions). The test bell should be put in
place and held down in such a way that the weld to be tested lies
approximately in the centre 01 the tesl bell axis. On longer weld
sections the bell must be reposilioned as necessary. When
shiNing the bell on longer test seclions the test areas must
overlap by approximately 10 cm, SoN etastic membranes, for
example made of PVC-P or EPDM, are tested with a pressure 01
0.2 bar, stifter membranes wlth a negative pressure 01 0.5 bar.
These test pressures (negative pressure) must be maintained
constant over a period 01 at least lOs.
4.5.3.4 Test resulta
The negative pressure Is displayed on the pressure gauge. If the
seam is not impervious bubbles will lorm. These positions must
be marked.
The test can only take place if after joining the weld has
readapted to the environmental conditions, This conditioning
period is approximately one hour lor Iining membranes made 01
PE-HD.
The weld must be broader than the probe diameter, the test area
must be Ilat and elean.
The interface between transmitter and receiver is arranged
perpendicularly to the test direction, the probe is presented
perpendieularly to the surfaee 01 the weld (tesl surface). Water,
with or without soap, thin paste or special pastes are used as the
coupling belween the probe and test surface.
Belore beginning the test Ihe unit is set up, adjusled and checked
on plane-parallel slabs 01 the same material aecording to the
instrument rnanuíacturer's instruetions.
In the case 01 continuous testing the probe is moved in the
longitudinal direclion along the weld at a speed 01 approximately
1 mlmin.
4.5.4.4 Test results
The test results are displayed optically and can be accompanied
by acoustic signals.
In the monitor instruments the thiekness 01 the weld is indlcated
by the back laee rellection and the unwelded areas bY
intermediate echos. Non-homogeneilies and inclusions in Ih~
weld region are displayed as delecls. Fig. 6 shows examples o
the test signals 01 a defect-Iree and a delective weld.
On inslruments with digital display the length (depth) 01 \he
region irradiated without distortion is displayed.
page 6 to DVS 2225-2

The test voltage must be matched to the material and the

thickness 01 the membrane and to the weld width. Inlormation
about the breakdown vollages in air and in membranes 01 PE-
RE HD, ECB and PVC-P will be lound in Fig. 7.

100
"lB kV
,1, 1 1 14-0'-+-I-4-_+__+_-o 60

1 3 ~ S 6 7 9 10 ./ /
40
/ V
DEFECT-FREE WELD Q)
PE .(PV(
tn
Back laee reftection (RE) outside .!!! 20
V .....
the monitor aperture (MB)
"O
>
t:
~
o
-o
.><
10
8
tx V .....
VI

'"
i!!
.o
6

"'Luft
:;, 4

FE '"
CD
1-

Zr---t-+'~~+H---1--+-~++H+---4
)V'
W.--'-,-"'-'-, I --'-,\ ---',
MB
1
Al
RE
1 L- __ ~~~~~~L-
0.1 0,1 0.4 0.6 0,0
__ ~~L-~~~~
2 • 6 9 '0
__ ~
mm 20

\.123~S67 10 Membrane thickness/sparking distance

Figure 7. Test voftage as a function of the membrane thickness and the

DEFECTIVE WELD
Back laee reftection (RE) broken up
Delect echo (FE) within Ihe monitur aperture (MB)
Figure 6. MOOltordrsplaysfrom uítrasoructesting.
4.5.4.5 Evaluation of the test results
The weld is regarded as impervious il over a width 01 3 times the
membrane thickness, with a minimum 01 10 mm, the weld is
irradiated without disturbance and without intermediate echo and
thus a homogeneous welded [oint is demonstrated in this region.
The height 01 the back lace reflection must correspond
approxirnately to that 01 the input signaL
4.5.4.6 L1mlIS01 Ihe lesl method
Only welds with smooth and virtually parallel surfaces can be
tested. The width 01 the weld must be greater than that 01 the
probe diameter. A conclusion about the strength 01 the weld can
onty be derived to a limited extent Irom the homogeneity.
The ultrasonic test can only be carried out by trained examiners
(skllled workers) with experience.
sparklng oistaoce dunng \he hlgh vollaga test (Source.
STUVARepon12/79.Page93).
For PE-HD membranes with a thickness 01 2.0 mm and above tor
example, the permissible test voltage is approximately 40 kV.
Wlth a test voltage 01 40 kV, in dry air a sparking distance 01
approximately 15 mm results. Thus surface seams approximately
30 mm wide can lar example be tested ~ the counter-electrode
lies in the centre 01 the weld, the lack 01 imperviousness is
continuous and runs virtually perpendicularly to the weld. The
sparking distances increase with higher air humidity.
The brush electrode is passed over the weld at a speed 01
approximately 10 mlmin. Care must be taken to ensure that the
lield strength necessary Ior the flash-over can build-up.
4.5.5.4 Test results
When continuous lack 01 imperviousness exists over the test
length (hall the weld width) a flash-over takes place between the
electrode, which is visible and audible.
4.5.5.5 Evaluation 01 the test results

The weld is regarded as impervious if no spark discharge occurs.

4.5.5 Testing with electrical high Yoltage

4.5.5.1 Method 4.5.5.6 L1mlts01 the melhod

This test melhod is based on the principie 01 gas discharge when Only leakages which are continuous and which run virtually
an electncal high voltage ís apptied to a discharge path. The test perpendicularly to Ihe weld can be detected. The test length must
set-up consists 01 a vollage source and a brush electrode. be matched to the sparking distance in air.

The method ssumes that there is a counter-electrode 01 4.6 Test reports

conducting material on Ihe back 01 the weld.
4.5.5.2 Fleld 01 appilcallon
In prinCipie, all wetd structures can be tested conllnuously for
IInperviousness using this method. The test ís prelerably
apphed to surface seams, Le. welds which have no test channel
and no plane-parallel surfaces.
The results 01 Ihe site tests must be recorded in test reports. The
test reports lor the various weld structures are shown in Ihe
Annexes:
No. 1 Test report for the lap welded [oint without test channel
No. 2 Test report lar the lap welded [oint with test channel
No. 3 Test report tor the surface seam

4.5.5.3 Execution These reports must be completed by the taying contractor as part
01 the mtemal supervision, checked lor compteteness,
The "'eld area must be dry and free Irom contamination. Particles countersigned and safaguarded by the Site Management and
of dlrt can lorrn an insulatlng layer and thus allect the test. technicaily checked by the extemal supervlslon.
 Page 7 lo DVS 222s-a

5 Instructions for retouching work 6 Standards, Specifications,

DIN 1910
Guidelines -
In the context 01 this Direction only general indications can be Welding: Welding 01 Plastics, Methods
given. In all cases belore the beglnning 01a building project the Part 3
nature and scope must be linally determined in relation to the (09.77)
project between the Employer, Contractor, Site Management and DIN 7728 Plastics; Code LeUers and Abbrevlallons lar
External Supervision. They must be adapted to the membrane Parl 1 Polymers and their Special Properties
material and to the requirements imposed on the sealing system. (02.89)
The joining work for retouching must be carried out In DIN 7864 Elastomer Membranes lor Seals; ReqUlrements.
accordance with DVS Direction 2225 Part 1. Part 1 Testing
The greatest care must be taken when carrying out retouchmq (04.84)
work, because tsstmq this work according to all quality criteria DIN 16726 Plastic Roal Membranes, Plastic Uning
and lurlher retouching are only possible to a limited exten!. (12.86) Membranes; Tests
The nature 01 the retouching work depends on the size and DIN 16729 Plastic Rool Membranes and Plastic Uning
Irequency al the irregularities and delects. (09.84) Membranes made al Ethylene Copolymerisate_
Bitumen (ECB); Requirements
- Extrusion build-up welds
DIN 16736 Plastic Roal Membranes and Plastic Uning
Surface seams (additional build-up seams) are only carried out (12.86) Membranes made 01Chlorinated Polyethylene (PE-
on membranes made olor made on the basis 01PE. They are to C) Laminated on one side; Requirements
be applied to locally limited irregularities and delects. The
affected weld regions must be carelully removed mecnarucaüy. DIN 16737 Plastic Roal Membranes and Plastc Uning
The welding filler should be applied in the smallest possible (12.86) Membranes made 01Chlorinated Polyethylene (PE-
thickness and with Ilat Irailing edges. C) with a Fabnc Interlay; Requirements
DIN 16776 Plastic Moulding Compound; Polyethylene (PE-
- Retouching with pieces and strips al membrane
Part 1 Moulding Compounds), Classilication and
Over larger delective areas and continuous delects (holes), (12.84) Designation
pieces or strips 01 membrane made al the corresponding lining
DIN 16920 Adhesives, Adhesive Processing, Delinitions
membrane material must be applied. The membrane sections
(06.81)
must extend at least 10 cm beyond the individual delective areas
and must be applied by joining methods suitable lar the material. DIN 16925 Extruded Panels 01 Polyethylene (PE); Technical
In the case 01 PE-HD membranes only manual extrusion welding (07.84) Conditions 01Supply
must be usad. DIN 16937 Plastic Unlng Membranes 01 Polyvinylchlonde
- Retouching welds over their lull length (12.86) containing Plasticizer (PVC-P) bttumen-cornpabbíe,
Requirements
Continuous delective welds and welds with connnuous
DIN 16938 (12.86) Plastic Uning Membranes al
irregularities must either be joined again or cave red over their lull
length with a strip al membrane at least 0.6 m wide, which is Polyvinylchloride containing Plasticizer (PVC-P)
joined correctly on both sides. non-bitumen compatible; Requirements
DIN 18195 Vapour Barrier Membranes; General
Part 1
(08.83)
DIN 53370 Testing 01 Plastic Films; Determination 01 the
(02.76) Thickness by Mechanical Scanning
DIN 53455 Testing 01Plastics; Tensile Test
(08.81)
DIN 53504 Testing 01 Rubber and Elastomers; Determlnahan
(03.85) 01 Residual Tear Strength, Tensile Strength,
Elongation at Break and Stress Values in the
Tensile Test
paga 8 lo DVS 2225-2

Sheet 1: Test Repor! for Lap Welded Joints without Test Channel

Test Report for Lap Welded Joints without Test Channel I No.
Project: Laying Contractor:
---
Lining Membrane: Nominal Thickness: mm

Joinlng Method: Weld No.:

1. Outer Appearance
I
Station Weld path ~ Bulging Notches and grooves Remarks
I

1- ---- -

11. Dimensions (mm) ,

-o
"
l • •~ • • •
I ....dN= (do + d)u - d N
Ü

Station o, Ü2 do
1--
du do + du dn ódN Remarks
I ~-

I
,

111. Strength under the Peel Test o with indlcation force O without indication force

Station Specimen width Maximum force (N) Deformation and failure behaviour Assessm. Rem.
(mm)

IV. Imperviousness
L Station Ultrasound Vacuum High Voltage Remarks

Instrument type: Negative pressure_:_ bar Instrument type: ____

I SE-Type: Duration: s Voltage:

-
kV

Date:

Signature:
Laying Contractor
J'""~,~"' (Employer)
External Inspector

-
 Page 9 to DVS

Sheet 2: Test Report lor Lap Wetded Joints with Test Channel Sheet 3: Test Report lor Build-up Welds

Test Report tor Lap Welded Joints with Test Channel NO.---=l Test Report tor Surface-Welds ]NO._
Project: ___________________ Laying Contractor: "-1
-i
I Project:
Laying Contractor:

Lining Membrane: Nominal Thickness: mm Uning Membrane: Nominal Thickness: mm

-- ---------

,j
Joining Method: Weld No.: Jo.n.ng Method: Weld No.:

=t"O
l. Outer Appearance ~. Outer Appearance

f---
Station Weld path Notches and grooves Remarks
r Station 1 Weld path
--4- - ---¡ Bulging
----+1-
Notches and grooves Remarks

1
---t.- --If----

- -1
t+-==-~
1- - t
I
...,
I
11.Dimensions (m m) 11.Dimensions (mm)

I
~dNl = (do + du) - dN1
~dN2 = (do + du) - dN2
~. ••

rJ¡ ~ :>:..
~ • u u

IINA = d¡J(do + du) I

l· .¡~.. ~.~
1=U
['- =t- -~-=c
Station + o, I I Remarks

~t )
_1 bN2 dN• dN2 fNA
l. =1
Ü2 ~1 do -I-d~du Slatoon~ bN bN/2 do do + du dn
I
i
--J -=--1
-+- -+- ~ ---
I
11I.Strength under the Peel Test
Slation Specimen width
(m m)
I
Maximum lorce
(N)
o with indication
Delormation and lailure behaviour
lorce

Assessm.
o without indicat10nlorce

I Rem.
¡...-
11I.Strength under the Peel Test
Station
(m m)
--¡-
Specimen width Maximum force (N)
o with indication
Deformation and failure behaviour

-
force

Assessm. ---i
o without indication force

Rem

-
i
f--- ~ - - --- - --
- I ----- 1
- ,

IV. Imperviousness - Compressed Air Test - IV. lmperviousness

Station Test Parameters: _ bar Duration: _ min Temperature 01 the membrane: _ °C Pressure drop:< 10% Statlon~acuum High Voltage: Remarks
--- J
Width bp Beginning 01 ~--"I_Test DiHerence Remarks Negative pressure: bar Instrument type:

Time I bar~bar Tim~ I Ourauon: s Voltage:

--- --- kV
1
-- ---- I-~ --
--f-= -
- ---+- --- - 1--- . -~.--

--- - - --------- 1-- --- -------~ --

¡-----+-I -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 - --------- --- --
-- ~
Date:

Signature:-----L-
Laylng Contractor

--
l~M'~O'~"""'~') l-~'~"~~_ Date:

Slgnature:
~-
Laying Contractor

- ----
Site Management (Employer)

I
i
External Inspector

.. -- - -
I
 January 2009

OVS - OEUTSCHER
FÜR SCHWEISSEN
VERBANO
UNO
Welding of sealing sheets made of
polyethylene (PE) for the sealing of
DVS 3 Design-related details verse welds are not generally
duced lo a minimum
excluded but they should be re-
degree. In each case, particular attention
Technical COde 3.1 Weld shapes
must be paid to proper execution (weld preparation, welding,
VERWANOTE VERFAHREN E.V. dumps and contaminated sites DVS 2225-4 testing and inspection).
In principie, the sealing sheets are la id in an overlapping lorm
(Iap jOlnt). In the case 01 the joining welds, a distinction is made. Welds between the sealing sheets in the embankment and in the
according to Figure 1, between lap welds with a testing channel bottom must be arranged mino 1.5 m in Iront 01 the foot 01 the em-
Trans/alion of Ihe German edilion from Oecember 2006 and surfaclng welds. bankment (Figs. 3 to 6).
rne lap welds with a testing channel
are manulactured by means The sealing sheets must be incorporated in such a way that Ihe
Conlenls: In detail, sealing sheets made 01 PE are utilised in the case ollhe of heated wedge welding. The width 01 the parts 01 the welds sealing sheets can also be welded wilh welding machines right
lollowing measures: must be mino 15 mm in ea¡:h case and the width 01 the testing
1 Scope 01 application up to the end (Figure 9).
- base sealing 01 dumps channel mino 10 mm.
2 Sealing sheets
- surface sealing 01 dumps
3 Design-related details The surfacing welds are manulactured by means 01 hot gas 3.3 Connection lo componenls made 01 polyelhylene
- surface sealing 01 contaminated sites
3.1 Weld shapes extrusion welding. The width 01 the surfaeing weld must be mino (PE 63, PE 80, PE 100 and PE-HO)
- enclosure 01 contaminated sites 30 mm. The deviation in the position 01 the centre 01 the weld
3.2 Laying 01 the sealing sheets
3.3 Connection to components made 01 polyethylene This technical code is intended to give the responslble authori- must be no more than 5 mm in relation to the edge 01 the upper The seating sheets are connected to comparatively thick-watled
(PE 63, PE 80, PE 100 and PE-HD) ties, the customers, the executing companies and the quality sealing sheet. components made 01 PE, e. g. pipe bushing components or
4 Welding processes management instructions lor the execution 01 the )olnlng wor1< shafts, using surfacing welds executed by means 01 ho! gas ex-
4.1 General remarks and 01 the weld tests and inspections on the building site 3.2 Laying 01 the sealing sheets trusion welding. Since the PE plates to which the seatlng sheets
4.2 Welding parameters are welded are generatly made 01 a moulding material with a low-
In particular, the technical code takes account 01 Ihe stringent The rmportant basic laying principies for the welding 01 sealing er mett flow rate (MFR) than that 01 Ihe sealing sheets, the weld-
4.3 Execution of the welding work requirements which, in the case 01 these applications, must be sheets are shown on Figs. 2 to 9 in the lorm 01 examples. ability must be proven by means 01 short-time peeling tests at an
4.3.1 General remarks set on the quallty 01 the welded joint and thus on the proper exe-
4.3.2 Heated wedge welding In general, the sealing sheets must be laid in such a way that no angle 01 90'. 11is recommended to choose the moulding material
cution in a way suitable lor the material.
crucilorm joints arise. T-joints should be mino 0.5 m aparto with the higher MFR value as the welding fitler material. In order
4.3.3 Hot gas extrusion welding
5
Furthermore, it provides remarks for the laylng 01 the sealing to create the same surface conditions Ior the welding operation
Welding machines and welding devices
sheets as well as lor the struetural designing 01 welded )Olnts
In the case 01 short embankments « 20 m) whose surfaces run
lor both joining parts, it may be necessary to subject the PE
5.1 General requirements nearly parallel to the bottom surfaces, it is recommended to lay
between the sealing sheets and components made 01 poly_ plates to separate thermal pretreatment using hot gas.
5.2 Requirements on welding machines the sealing sheets continuously (Figure 3).
ethylene.
5.3 Requirements on welding devices
11must be ensured that the connections are located in the same
Remarks On the embankments, the seating sheets must principally be la id
6 Site tests and inspections
plane as the sealing sheets (Figs. 10 to 13).
In principIe, Ihis lechnical code siso applies lo tne sealing 01 in a slope tine and the welds arranged in this direction. Trans-
6.1 Type and scope 01 the tests and inspections
6.2 Inspection 01 the external condition col/ecting pans, spaces and devices as wel/ as 01 areas In
6.2.1 Procedure instal/alions in slationary use lor the storage, filling and /ransfer Lap weld with a testing channel- LW Surfacing weld - SW
6.2.2 Area 01 application 01 wa/er-endangering substances wi/h the ald 01 sealing shee/s
6.2.3 Execution 01 the inspection made 01 polyethlene (measures in the Water Resources Act) In
6.2.4 Inspeclion results the scope ol/hese measures, it is necessary to provide proolof e, bNl bp bNI D, b.

6.2.5
6.2.6
6.3
Evaluation 01 the inspection results
Limits 01 the inspection procedure
Inspection 01 the dimensions
/he usabili/y in the form of a general construcuon supefVIsory
aulhorisa/ion from Ihe German Institu/e for 8uilding Technology
(018/). According /0 Ihe au/horisa/ion, /he sealing shee/s mus/ be
~¡-! • ~""'" 1. 1 1, •
eS"'l
bfJd ,~
dWI
.Jt=~'
,
rack
,',' .0-
.
~:31 b" ' .,
.
I~
6.3.1 Procedure marked wilh /he symbol of conformily (O symbol) accordmg /o
Sheet thickness (do, du) ~ 2.5 mm
6.3.2 Area 01 application the symbol of conformity ordinances of /he federal sietes. The Sheet thickness (do, du) ~ 2.5 mm
Overtap at the Iront (0,) ~ 5 mm
6.3.3 Execution 01 the inspection minimum nominal Ihickness of /he sealing sbeets for /hlS ,; 15 mm Overlap (O) ;;, 40 mm
6.3.4 Inspection results intended applicat/On is 2.0 mm. Width 01 the weld (bN) ~ 30 mm
Overlap at the rear (ü2) z 40 mm
6.3.5 Evaluation 01 Ihe inspection results Width 01 the testing channel (bp) ;;, 15 mm
Wldth 01 the parts 01 the weld (bNl' bN2) ~ 15 mm
6.3.6 Limits 01 the inspection procedures Out-ol-centre dimension or
2 Sealing sheets Width 01 the testing channel (bp) ~ 10 mm
6.4 Testing 01 the lailure behaviour misalignment (a) ,; 5 mm
Tmckness 01 the weld (dN1, dN2) ~ (do + du) - 0.8
6.4.1 Procedure Sealing sheet s in the terms 01 this technical code are industnally Thickness of the weld (dN) ~ 1.25 x (do + du)
6.4.2 Area 01 application ,; (do + du) - 0.4
labricated plastic sealing sheets made 01 PE according to S 1.75 x (do + dul
6.4.3 Execution 01 the testing
DIN EN 13492 and DIN EN 13493.
6.4.4 Test results
According to the Technical Directive on Waste and to the Techn~ Figure 1. Weld shapes.
6.4.5 Evaluation 01 the test results
6.4.6 Limits 01 the test procedure cal Directive on Domestic Waste. it is allowed to use only sealing
6.5 Testing lor leak tightness sheets which have been officially authorised
tute lor Materials Research
by the Federallns~
and Testing (BAM). Officiatly autho- c::-:::::,
Section
~
B-B
- .,.
.------<1
- _.. ~~~~
6.5.1 General
6.5.2 Testing with compressed air rised sealing sheets must be marked according to the authonsa-
tion notice. Area 01 long embankments
6.5.3 Testing with a vacuum i I
6.5.4 Tesling with electrical high voltage Sealing sheets made 01 PE consist 01 non-cross-linked macrD- !
I
6.6 Testing and inspection record sheets molecules and exhibit a semi-cryslalline molecular structure. i
7 Remarks about repairs They can be plastified by heat and are joined exclustvely bY
8 Standards, technical codes, guidelines and regulations
Appendix: Welding, testing and inspection record sheets
means 01 welding.
T~e sealing sheets are labricated in lengths up to 200 m and~
1
widths up to 10 m. A minimum thickness 01 2.5 mm IS stlpula. -1
lor the applications described in this technical codeo The seahng I
Seope of appliealion
sheets may have a homogeneous structure consisting o( one ma-
th
~I
This teehnical code applies to Ihe welding
made 01 polyethylene
01 sealing sheets
(PE) in the case 01 large-area sealing sys-
terial or a multi-Iayer slructure.
structured.
Their surfaces may be smoo
Film strips which can be pulled off may be attaehed
:
~! B

tems in order to seal dumps and to make contaminaled

sale.
sites the edges 01 the seating sheet s in the lactory. These film slnp8
should protect Ihe joining areas Irom contaminations
]1 Area 01 embankment distortion

Thls pobncefton has been drawn up by a group 01 experenced specialists worklng In an honorary capaclty and lis ccnekíereucn as an nnportant scurce of InfO~
15 recommended The user should always check lo what extent the conlenls are apphcable to hls particular case and whether Ihe version on hand IS 51.11
Ilablhty can be accepted by the Oeulscher Verband tur SchweiBen und verwandte Verfahren e V and thcee partlcipating in Ihe draw.ng up of the document
v
J
Figure 1.
GrOUnd Plan of a dump with various
61l'lbankments _ echemeuc.
~~--
DVS, Technical Committee, Working Group "Joining 01 Plastics"

Orders lo; DVS Medoa GmbH. P O Box 101965,40010 DUsseldorf. Germany Phone +49(0)211/1591-0, Telela. +49(0)21111591-150
 Page 3 to DVS
paga 4 to DVS 2225-4

I
,- Lap weld wlth a testing
Surfacing weld (SW)
channel (LW)
r---
-----

- . - .-
Lap weld with a testing

Surfacing weld (SW)

channel (LW)

- - - -,-~-. -=r _""\l

I
B
. 1\1
-1
Foot 01 the embankment
B' '11 - - - Foot 01 the embankment

1 I
~ I I I
Remarks

1. The weld at the loot 01 the embankment

may be executed as an LW or an Sw.
~~~~
~~I - .. ~ J I Remarks

1 The weld at the loot 01 the embankment

a:¡
2. In the case 01 this example, the sealing sheets ! ~O.5 I may be executed as an LW or an Sw.

2. The weld in the throat 01 the embankment

are la id continuously
into the botlom
Irom the embankment
in the lower parto
I I I may be executed as an LW or an SW.
1 I
I I 3. The laylng direction in the corner 01 the
I I embankment may deviate lrom the slope
_J L line 01 the embankment.

~1.5
---~-------------- B = Sheet wldth
B = Sheet width
Dlmenslons in m
Dirnenstons In m
Figure 5. Laymg of Ihe sealing sheels on a long embankment - Vanant 1
Figure 3. LaylOg of Ihe seallng sheets on a short embankment - Vananl 1

I
,-
I
----

- . - . -
Lap weld with a testing

Surfacing weld (SW)

channel (LW)

---- Lap weld wijh a testing channel (LW)

B I I - - - - - - Foot 01 the embankment
- . - ,- Surfaclng weld (SW)
I
-1 I
B .. - _.- - - - Foot 01 the embankment

I
I
I
I e~
Remarks
I Remarks
I 1. The weld at the loot 01 the embankment
I 1. The weld at the loot 01 the embankment may be executed as an LW or an Sw.

I may be executed as an LW or an SW.

2. The weld in the throat 01 the embankment
a:¡ I 2. In the case 01 this example, the embankment may be executed as an LW or an SW
I and botlom sheets are laid separately.
3. The laying direction in the comer 01 the
I embankment may deviate Irom the slope
I line 01 the embankment.
~ 1.5 I
;~
I

I
~:
I t 'I I
L
4. A so-called head sheet is laid in the
throat 01 the embankment.

B = Sheet width
Dimensions in m B = Sheet wldth
Dimensions in m
Figure 4. Laying af the seahng sheets on a short embankment - Vanant 2

Figure 6. laYlng of the seallng sheets on a long embankment - Vanant 2

 Page 5 to DVS 2: pag96 to DVS 2225-4

Remarks
> 1.0
1. The weld at the foot of the embankment
may be executed as an LW or an SW

2. In the interfacial areas, the laying direcuon

1 Seahng sheet

may deviate from the slope line of the

embankment by max. 10'.
~ 0.5
\
R= 1.0
~ 1.5
¡--- Mineral sealing
I Remark
I
AII the rounding-off radii and slope changes

II must be chosen in such a way that the weld

can be manufactured continuously as an LW
Oimenslons in m with the welding machine.
I
I Figure 9. tncorporancn af the sealmg sheets loto the embankment - construction conencn
I
L
B = Sheet width
---- Lap weld with a testing channel (LW)
Dimensions in m
- . - . - Surfacing weld (SW)
- - - - - - - Foot of the embankment

Figure 7. Laymg of the seahng sheets on a distorted embankment Seepage water

drainpipe

Concrete

~t
¿~ = 1.0
~15
•

I /""'"''''
Lap weld with a

W"¡""""""""'
.

¡ ¡ ~
. ¡ ¡?J?i?'"

L
r ~
Sealing sheet ¡ ¡

Figure 10. Oonnecnon af the seallng sheets to a pipe bushlng In the embankment area - schematic

Surfacing weld or lap weld

1.5 with a testing channel

~ 2
2' Sealing sheet
(PSS, d ~ 2.5)
R=1.0 1

Surfacing weld

[ Sealing sheet

Remark
In general, the direction of the overlap between
the embankment and bottom sheets depends
Dlmensions In m on the construction sequence.

Figure 8. Connecbon o! embankment sheelS lo bottom sheets

D1mensions in mm

Figure 11. Connecbon cr lhe seahng sheets lo 8 plpe bushlng ín the embankment Brea - Oetatl"A" (rom F.gure 10
 PE-HO shaft
Page

--
7 to OVS paga

-
8 to DVS 2225-4

4.2 Welding
TM welding
parameters
operation can be described with the three following
_ The weldlng

_ The heated
with hot gas.
Is carried

wedge
out without

may be heated
any welding filler material.

not only electncally but also

weldlng parameters:
_ The pressing-on system consists of upper and lower pressing-
_ temperature (heated wedge, hot gas and extrudate)
on rollers and applies the joining force irrespecuve 01 the
_ speed substrate.
_ force
_ In the area 01 the joining faces, the seating sheets are brought
TheSe three parameters exert a mutual influence and must there- to the welding temperature by direct contact with the heated
fore be coordinated with each other. They describe the actual wedge and are completely melted down to a defined thickness
thermodynamic and rheological condition of the ]oining faces
(thermat operation).
dunng the welding operation only indirectly.
_ The sealing sheets are joined by a pressing-on system
The welding parameters must be adjusted to the sealing sheet immediately after the complete melling (rheological operatíon).
(material, thlckness, surface structure and temperature) and to
the amblent conditions prevailing during the weldlng. In practlce, the welding is carried out with the lollowing machine
PE-HO plate settings (welding parameters):
Sealing sheet For the quality of the welded jomt, it is decisive to choose the
_ heated wedge temperature: 300 - 420·C
correct weldlng parameters. Before the beginning of the welding
01 the effective
- )
work. the parameters
conditlons
must therefore
on the building
be adjusted
site using trlal welds.
to the present _ specífic joining force. 30 - 40 N/mm
roller width
1 - 2 m/min
¡ _ welding speed:
,- , 4.3 Executlon of the weldlng work
~ ¡
.~j, .- ! 4.3.3 Hot gas exlrusion welding

~ I .v Concrate I / 4.3.1 General

ExcluSlvely tralned
remarks
and quallfied specíalists accordlng to
Surfac,"g
extrusion
welds are manulactured by means of manual hot gas
welding which is characterised by the following lea-
OVS 2212-3, Subgroups 111-1 to 111-3, may be deployed for the tures:

.'00'" ~.,'"' _" . welding.

The JOImng faces must be dry and free from contaminations. The
_ The welding is carried out with a welding filler material
moulding materials with an identicat composition.
made 01

coat inftuenced by weather conditions and oxidatlon must be _ The welding filler material is plastlfied in a plastifying unit
machined off unless it is pressed out 01 the region of the joining (extruder) and is applied to the joining lace as a strand via the
Figure 12. lInk of the seallng sheets to a PE-HO shaft in the bottom area - schemahc
faces during the welding operation. The film stnps applied in the nozzle and the welding shoe.
factory must be removed. Moreover, the front face of the upper
_ The jOlmng laces are heated and completely melted by hot gas
seahng sheet must be bevelled in the case of surfacing welds
(air).
The execution 01 T -joints with welding machines demands partic- _ The joining pressure is applied via the welding shoe at the time
ular preparation 01 the weld area. On the already labricated weld, when the welding filler material is applled.
both the overlaps as well as the rear part 01 the weld must be
rnachined off carelully. The interface between the upper and Manual hot gas extrusion welding should be restrlcted to weld
lower sheets is executed in the Iront part 01 the weld. This inter- areas with difficult accessibility, to special connections and to
:: 200 :!o 300
faciat area should exhibit approxlmately the same thickness as repair worl<. It may make sense to utilise this process for welds at
that 01 the sealing sheet throughout. the foot 01 the embankment, lor the accumulation 01 T-Joints and
Sealing sheet
:: 50 :: 100 :: 15-"0 --1 lor short weld lengths.
(PSS, d ~ 2.5) The arnbient condlnons may exert a considerable influence on
the wetd,"g operation and thus on the quality 01 the joint. Atten- The material thrust developed in the welding shoe by the extrud-
tion must be paid to the followinq: er pushes the device forwards and determines the welding
speed. The device must be mamputated and the join,"g pressure
I - wetding must not be carried out," the case 01 preclpitation or applled in such a way that no extrudate emerges from the sides if
I excessive air humídíty at all possible. The surfacing weld should run out towards the

I - at temperatures below + S·C, welding must not be carried

without any partícular precautions and proof
out edges with hardly any bead.
material as that 01 the seallng sheet must be
I Oragging strip (PSS)
- at a relative air humidity %, the surface temperature
as Irom 80
The same moulding
used as the welding filler material. In the event 01 deviations, it is

I must be mino 3 K above the dew pomt

- In the case 01 hot gas extrusion welding, the substrate must

necessary to preve the weldability.
The lront face 01 the upper sealing sheet must be bevelled at an
I Mineral sealing Concrete
have such a condition that the required joining pressure can be angle 01 approx. 45· During this work, it must be ensured that
IL......~~ ~.__ apphed the seallng sheet is not damaged by notches or lines

Ounng the weld,"g, it is generally necessary to bnng the joimng Belore the joinlng, the sealing sheets must be tacked with hot
faces and, if necessary, the weldíng filler materials to the welding gas In order to guarantee the fixing during the weldlng operation.
Dimensions in mm
temperature required lor the material concerned. Only those Immediately after the joining faces have reached the welding
Flgur.'3. Link of the seahng sheets to a PE-HO shaft In the botlom area - detall from Figure 12 areas which are close to the surface and are to be welded should temperature, the plastified weldlng filler matenal IS applied con-
be heated in thís case in order to keep the thermal expansron in tlnuously. The hot gas temperature for the preheating 01 the
the 100n,"g area as small as possible. joining faces is measured in the centre 01 the alr outlet cross-
4 Welding processes This technical code basically assumes that seahng sheets made secuon and the material temperature in the centre 01 the outlet
of the same mould,"g material are welded wlth each other If that The weld,"g parameters and the ambient condinons must be
vid recorded on welding record sheets. The asslgnment to the weld- cross-section of the nozzle.
4.1 General rernarks is not the case, particular proof of the weldabllity must be pro -
er to the weldlng machines and devrces (type and identificatíon) As soon as the welding filler matenal is supplied. the joining pres-
ed.
Heated wedge welding and hot gas extrusion welding are uttlised and to the weld must be ensured with these record sheets. The sure IS applied manually via the welding shoe. The weld,"g
as suitable ]oln,"g processes for sealing sheets made of PE on Furthermore, this technical code basically assumes that the se~ external monitorlng agency must check theír specialist technical speed results Irom the extrudate output and the weld dimensions.
the bUilding sne Ing sheets are smooth in the ]oimng area In the case of hest content and completeness and countersign them. Sheets 1 and 2 The weld does not need to be post-treated.
wedge welding and that the surface structures of structured se8~ In the appendix show specimens for welding record sheets
In príncioíe, these processes differ in the heallng of the ]olnlng In pracnce, the welding is carried out with the following weld¡ng
ing sheets are removed mechanically in the ]OInlng area
area (plasllfication), in the application of the ]oining force and in
4.3.2 Heated wedge wetding parameters.
the weld geometry In the case of heated wedge welding. It IS not necessary :~
remove the structures only whenever the weldablhty IS preven - hot gas temperature 210 - 300·C
Exclusively welding machmes are used for heated wedge weld- Lap welds Wlth a testing channel are manufactured by means 01
- extrudate temperature 210 - 230'C
ing and excíusivety manual weldlng devices for hot gas extrusion
suitable conditions on the building sue ~echamsed heated wedge wetding which is characterlsed by the
- weld¡n9 speed 0.2 - 1 O m/m¡n
welding OIlOwlng features
 page 10 lo DVS 2225-4
Page910 DVS

5 Welding machines and welding devices Devices and machines must comply wilh the European direc- Healed wedge syslem Welding shoe
tives. The healed wedge temperalure must be infinilely adjuslable in Wilh regard to Ihe struetural design of Ihe welding shoe, particu-
Jigs which are used for conunuous welding. lravel by themselves
The manufaclurer or his aulhorised represenlattve based In the the slipulated temperatura range and musl be eontrollable lo lar consideratlon must be given to the requirements on the weld
and apply Ihe joining force in a mechanised process are desig-
Community is responsible for Issulng Ihe EC declarabon 01 ± 5 K during the welding. For the purpose of a defined in pul of geometry and on the joining loree to be applied.
naled as welding machines. They are ulilised for greal weld
conformity and Ihe CE markm.g. Upon request. all Ihe relevant neat energy into Ihe weld area, Ihe healed wedge must be
lenglhs.
measuring. lesllng and tnspectíon documenls confirmlng Ihallhe des.gned with sufficiently long conlacl areas (effective healed
Welding devices are manipulaled by hand. The joining force is conformity complies wilh lhe directives musl be presenled lo lhe wedge lenglh: ± 10 %) on whieh Ihe whole area of bolh Ihe seal- 6 Site tests and inspections
applied manually. The devices are principally ulilised for shorter markel monitoring authority. Ing sheets is guided.
weld lenglhs, in weld areas wilh difficult accessibilily as well as 6.1 Type and seope 01 the tests and inspeetions
for repair work. 5.2 Requirements on welding machines Dnve syslem
The tests and inspeetions whieh can be performed in situ dunng
The drive syslem must be designed in sueh a way Ihal Ihe sel the exeeution of the construclion work are dealt with in this tech-
5.1 General requirements The welding machines consisl of lhe basic devrce and Ihe func-
lional elemenls: welding speed remains conslanl within 1 0.05 m/min irrespecnve nical code. Within Ihe framework of the trial welds. they serve not
In lhe case of bolh Ihe welding processes. il musl always be pos- 01 the load. 11must be possible lo set and display Ihe welding only to set Ihe welding paramelers but also to test and inspeel
sible lo obtain weld quahties which are suuable for the malerials - basic device in order to accommodale Ihe individual funclional speed infinitely or in a suffieiently fine gradualion. the finished welds.
and lhe requirements with lhe welding machines and devices in elemenls
the conditions on lhe building síte. AII the site tests must be performed by the laying company withm
Pressing-on syslem
- lempering syslem in order lo input Ihe heat energy into !he the framework of !he internal monitoring/inspection The re-
Wlth regard to lhe weld quality. it must be ensured. in detall, that: joining plane It musl be possible lo sel Ihe joining lorce infinilely or m a suffi- sults musl be doeumenled in a complete and verifiable lorm.
- Ihe semi-finished products and welding filler malerials lo be ciently fine graduation, to keep il eonstant wilhin 1 50 N and lo
- drive syslem in order lo advance lhe weldlng machine Within the framework of the external monitoring/testingl
welded are nol subjecled lo any impermissible Ihermal check .1 The pressing-on syslem musl be so flexible with regard
inspeetion. the inlernal monitoring must be ehecked by qualified
stresses - pressing-on syslem in order lo apply Ihe joinlng lorce lo lh.ckness fluctuations of lhe sealing sheels (e. g. in Ihe area 01
testing institutes or experts and supplemenled by tests and
a t-jemt) that Ihe joining force during Ihe welding Is exeeeded by
- nolches and IInes are avoided Furthermore, lhe welding machines musl be provided with a Iacil- inspections on the building site and in the laboratory.
no more Ihan one lhird of the sel value.
ity wilh which the welding paramelers are delecled and reeorded
- an adequale joining strenglh IS achieved wilh good ductility in The site lests and inspeelions relate to Ihe following properties:
The pressing-on system musl ensure a uniform dlslribution of the
the weld area A power eharaclerislie from Ihe manufaelurer must be available
jo.ning force to both the parts of Ihe weld during Ihe welding to - external eondition of the weld
for Ihe maehine. In Ihis power charaelerislie. it must be indlealed such an extent Ihat Ihe differenee between the joining palhs of - dimensions of the weld
- the weld dimensions are wilhin the stipulated limits
in which welding parameter ranges lhe welding rnachme must be
bolh lhe parts of lhe weld remains restrícted lo max. 0.1 mm. - failure behaviour of the weld
The prerequisites for this are that it is possible to adjust the weld- operaled in order lo reach lhe weld quatity suilable for Ihe re-
- leak tightness of the weld
ing temperature. the welding speed and the jOlning force inde- quirements.
Data acquisition
pendently of each other to the material and Ihickness of Ihe The external condition and leak tightness of all the welds must be
The requirements on Ihe functional elemenls are cornpiled .n The dala acqursition syslem should exctusively serve lo prove
sealing sheel as well as lo Ihe wealher condilions. lo check lhem inspeeted and tested and tneir dimensions and failure behaviour
Table t
during the welding operation and to keep them constant within Ihal lhe ehosen welding paramelers were kept constanl in the on a random basis. The random samples are prelerably taken
the perrmssible tolerances. II must be possible to directly read off Ihe present weldlng param- sttpulaled lolerance fields during lhe welding 11 makes use 01 Irom the trial welds and Irom the ends of the welds
eters during Ihe welding. conlrol variables on Ihe funetional elemenls wilhoul any influenee
With regard to Ihe service capability in the conditions on the The tests and inspeelions deseribed in Ihis leehnical code com-
on lhe selling variables. The measured da la and Ihe external
building site. it is necessary to fulfil the following requiremenls: plement eaeh o!her with regard to their type and scope It Is not
T empering syslem lemperalure conditions musl be sto red in sueh a way lhal they
possible to make a slatement about all the properties of the weld
- robustness in relation to Ihe mechanical slresses resulting can be assigned lo Ihe weld length
The tempering syslem must be desrqned m such a way Ihat .t with one tesl or inspeetion proeedure alone.
from transport and operalion
guarantees an adequate melling rale in the jo.n.ng area The If the slipulaled lolerance fields are left, an acoustic signal must
Table 2 shows the type and scope of the various lest and mspec-
- simple handling during commissioning and operation lemperature dislribution should be umtorm aeross Ihe width 01 be given and Ihe deviation documenled by an error record sheel
tion procedures lar the differenl weld shapes.
- easy accessibility lo all Ihe components for the necessary Ihe joining faee and over Ihe effeclive healed wedge length Remar/{
cleaning and inspection
Machines in whlch the /arge/ variables of /he mett eoal thickness Table 2. Overvlew of the test and inspection procedures.
Hot gas syslem
-

-
prolection

reliable
against

functioning
moisture

capacity in the
and dlrt

planned temperature
The hot gas temperature must be inlinitely adjustable up lo a
Lo and the joining pa/h DdN1.2 can be con/rollad or ragulatad
must display and documanl Iha welding parama/ers and the ter- Quality
criteria
Scope 01
testing
I Weld shapes
temperature of mino 4S0·C and musl be conlrollable w.lh a rnan- gel variables. Lap weld with a Surfaeing
utilisation range I ambient condilions
mum deviation of 110 K. Irrespeetive of Ihe other process testing channel weld
- prolection of the electronic components against electromag- parameters. it must be possible lo keep Ihe hol gas volume 5.3 Requirements on welding deviees
netic influences sufficiently constanl and lo check it Condition 1100% 1 Visual and serewdriver Visual and
Weld.ng devices for hot gas extrusion welding eonsist of Ihe screwdriver
(partoftheweld NI)
following functional elemenls:
Tabla 1. Requlremenls on the functlonal elements.
preheating syslem wilh a regulal.on unit for Ihe preheating of
Dimensions I Random
samples
I Mechanical
sound
and ultra- Mechanical
Funetional element Parameter range Cheeking by means of Precision Remarks the joining faces usmq hot gas
systernauc
T empering system plaslifying syslem wilh a regulation unit for lhe plaslifiealion 01
be.havior Rando~peeling test Peehng lest
Temperature 300 - 420·C Display and reeording ±S·C Infinile adjustment Ihe weldlng filler malerial (wire or granules)
samples
Mean ± 4 %. al Ihe healed
weld.ng shoe for lhe applicalion of Ihe weld.ng filler malerial lo
wedge loplbollom Ihe joining faces Leak 100 % Compressed air Vaeuum and
Effeclive healed wedge 50-100mm Cheeking ofthe funelioning ± 10 % of the indicaled Mean. ± 4 % al Ihe healed t.ghtness____ high vollage
L- ~ _
lenglh capacity of Ihe maehine lenglh value wedge for lhe Ironl and rear In pnnciple. Ihe following requiremenls apply lo deviees:
parts of lhe weld
Prehealing syslem 6.2 Inspection 01 the external condition
Drive syslem
Speed 0.8 - 2.5 m/min Load-independenl, .nfinile The regulatton of lhe hot gas lemperalure and Ihe setting 01 Ihe
Display and recording 10.05 m/min 6.2.1 Proeedure
hot gas volume must be possible irrespective of lhe lempenng
adJuslmenl
system lor !he plastifying syslem. The hot gas lemperalure musl The external eondition of the welds is ehecked by means 01 visual
Pressing-on system be .nfinrtely adjustable and musl be displayed. The lemperature inspeetion Partieularly in the case of surtacmq welds. unjomed
Pressing-on lorce 30 - 40 N/mm 01 Display and reeording 150 N Infin.le adjuSlment m the fluctuation with unchanged nominal value sellings musl not areas (i e imperfectlons m the area of lhe edges of the weld) can
Ihe roller w.dth working range exceed ± 10 K. be proven .n addition with the aid of a screwdriver lt is pnmanly
Force drstribution on lhe proper skilled manual execution of the weld whieh is evaluat-
Checking of lhe joinlng Difference between Ihe Plasltfylng system ed wtth !he extemal condition.
lhe Iront and rear parts palhs on lhe fronl and rear joining palhs O 1 mm
of the weld NI and N2 parts 01 Ihe weld NI and N2 The plastifying system must be able lo complelely mell and
6.2.2 Area of application
homogen.se !he malenal In lhe case of conltnuous operanon
Flexib.hly Inerease in lhe 1/3 of the set pressing- In !he evenl of !h.ekness
anó unehanged nominal value sett.ngs. the lemperalure fluctua- AlIlhe weld areas .• ncluding the T-joints and conneetions at p.pe
press.ng-on force on force fluctual.on. e. 9 w.lh
!ton of the material musl not exceed ± 3 K (measured .n lhe penetrations and solid structures. are evaluated Irrespect.ve 01
T-jolnls
centre of the matenal) Ihe Jo.ning process and !he weld shape

6.2.3 Exeeulion of Ihe inspeelion
The visual inspeelion is performed eontinuously over the entire
length. The serewdriver is guided along the edges of the weld
and pressure is applied at certain points. At imperfeelions in Ihe
exlernal weld area, Ihe serewdriver penetrates lnto madequately
joined areas.
6.2.4 Inspeetion results
Dunng Ihe inspeetion of Ihe exlernal eondilion, Ihe weld is inves-
ligated for irregularilies and visible imperfeelions. In detail, Ihe
followlng eharaeterislies are examined:
- shape and uniformity of !he weld path
- bead formation at Ihe front edge of the weld in the case of lap
welds and In Ihe edge area in the case of surfacing welds
- central posilion and uniform edge areas in the case of
surfaeing welds
- smoolh and smear-free surface in the case of surfaeing welds
- notehes and lines in Ihe weld area
- Imperfeetions, e. g. areas whieh are not welded logelher and
squeeze folds
6.2.5 Evaluation of the inspeelion results
The exlernal conditicn of Ihe weld is flawless if il does nol exhibit
any irregularilies or imperfeelions. Furthermore, Ihe following is
applicable.
- Locally limited irregularities on a small scale do not reduce Ihe
usability of Ihe weld.
- Beads al the fronl edge of lap welds are nol permissjble
Beads in Ihe edge areas of surfaeing welds are only
perrnissibte if Ihey oeeur in local isolation. Their Ihiekness must
not exeeed 50 % of the sealing sheet thiekness.
- Nolehes and lines with flat inlerfaees are perrmssjble lo a
limiled extent down to a depth of 10 % of Ihe sheet Ihiekness.
- In the case of larger and frequently arisinq irreqularities, il is
necessary lo repair the corresponding weld areas
- In general, It is neeessary to repair imperfeetions.
In arder to avord any laek of clarity in individual cases during the
exeeution of Ihe eonstruetion work, it is reeommended to stipulate
the eriteria for Ihe external eondition on a suffieienlly long speci-
men weld before the beginning of the eonslruetion work in eaeh
case
In cases of doubt, test pieces must be taken from Ihe joined
welds and additional properties must then be investigaled on
them
6.2.6 Limlts of the inspeelion proeedure
The proper evaluation of Ihe extemal eondition requires particular
expert knowledge and experienee. Statemenls about the leak
tightness and slrenglh of the weld can be derived to a limited
extent only.
6.3 Inspeelion of the dimensions
6.3.1 Proeedure
The eharaeleristie dimensions of the weld are determlned on
strip-shaped test speeimens from the weld or on the weld itself.
6.3.2 Area of appliealion
AII weld shapes can be Inspeeted. The weld dimensions give
indicallons of Ihe seltmg of the welding paramelers within Ihe
framework of Ihe trial welds. Measured over the weld lenglh, Ihey
perrmt eonelusions about the uniform eomplianee wilh Ihe weld-
ing paramelers during the welding.
6.3.3 Exeeulion of the inspeetion
The weld dirnenslons are preferably delermined on specimens
from Ihe Inal welds or on !he ends of Ihe weld These thrckness
measurements are taken using measuring devices wlth reference
to DIN EN ISO 9863-1
page 12 to DVS 2225-4
On the lap welds wilh a lesting ehannel, il is also Posslble I
measure Ihe weld Ihieknesses over Ihe enlire weld lenglh wrt~
ullrasound and lo determine Ihe joining paths.
The inspeetion wilh ullrasound works aeeording lo the pulse echo
proeedure. The lesling deviee conslsts of a probe and a basle
deviee. The Iransmilter and the receiver are eontained in Ihe
probe. The frequeney range is between 4 MHz and 6 MHz.
Information aboul the proper inspeetion (e. g. the eontael
between the probe and the weld) as well as the inspeelion resulta
are displayed optieally.
The inspeelion can only be eamed oul when the weld has adjusl_
ed lo the ambient eonditions once again after Ihe welding This
eonditioning time is around one hour
The weld must be wider Ihan the probe diameler and the inspee-
lion region flat and elean.
The probe is guided vertically lo the surface of Ihe weld (iospec-
tion area). Water with or wilhoul soap, liquid paste or speeial
pastes are used as the eonlael agenl between Ihe probe and Ihe
inspeelion area.
Before Ihe beginning of Ihe inspeelion, the deviee is set, adJusled
and eheeked according lo the informalion from Ihe device manu-
faelurer on plales whieh have parallel faces and are made of Ihe
same material.
The sealing sheel and weld Ihieknesses as well as the jOlning
paths are digilally evalualed and dlsplayed as the inspectíon
results. These resulls must be doeumented.
The ullrasonie inspeetion is usually carried out only by tramed
inspectors (speeialists) wlth experienee withln Ihe framework of
Ihe exlernallesting and inspeelion.
6.3.4 Inspeetion results
The dimensions shown on Figure 1 are eslablished depending on
Ihe weld shape:
Ü = lotal overlap
01 = overlap allhe fronl
Ü2 = overlap allhe rear
bN = lotal widlh of the weld
bN1 = widlh of the front part of the weld
bN2 = width of Ihe rear part of lhe weld
bp = width of Ihe lesling ehannel
do = thiekness of the upper sheet
du = thiekness of Ihe lower sheet
dN =
Ihiekness of the weld (surfaeing weld)
dN1 = lhiekness of the front weld (Iap weld with a lestlng ehannel)
dN2 = lhiekness of the rear weld (Iap weld wllh a testing ehannel)
It is Ihus possible lo delermine lhe crucial evalualion entena for
Ihe weld lhiekness:
ÓdN112= joining path (ehange in thiekness) for lhe lap weld
(do + du) - dN112
fNA = weld thiekness factor for Ihe surfaeing weld
dN I (do + du)
6.3.5 Evaluation of the inspeetion results
It musl be proven Ihat Ihe weld dimensions satisfy the followmg
requirements:
- In Ihe case of lap welds, lhe fronl overlap of Ihe weld should be
mino5 mm.
- In lhe case of lap welds, it is necessary lo eomply wñh the weld
widths of mm 15 mm and the leslmg ehannel widlhs of rmn.
10mm.
- The width of Ihe surfacing welds musl be rmn. 30 mm
- In lhe case of surtacmq welds, lhe oul-of-cenlre dlmension
(misalignmenl) of Ihe weld may be max. 5 mm
- The weld thieknesses should be umform over Ihe weld le~~
and aeross Ihe weld width and should be In Ihe ranges wweld
must be eomplied with for the material thiekness and the
shape aecording to lhe followlng entena:
t.ap welds The tests are performed using test deviees whieh are suitable for
lhe building site. correspond to lhe state of lhe art and permit lhe
040 mm s Ódi'\112S 0.80 mm rapid application of the load and a largely uniform deformalion
l:¡dN1 -ÓdN2 I S 0.15 mm rate of 50 mm/min. The deformation and the forees do nol have
Surfaeing welds to be measured wilhin lhe framework of Ihese tests. If the peellng
resislanee is to be determined, the force must be measured and
125 s fNA S 1.75 the maximum force sto red.
6.3.6 Limits of the inspeetion proeedure 6.4.4 Test results
The inspeetion of lhe dimensions gives indieations of lhe selting It is delermined whether the forees effeetive when peeling stress-
of the welding paramelers and of the compliance with stipulated es are applied lead lo lhe peeling-open of the weld or to lhe
ranges for a weld quality suitable for the requiremenls. No stale- strelehing of the base material.
menls can be made about the leak tightness of lhe weld and only
limlled statements aboullhe failure behaviour. 6.4.5 Evaluation of the test results
The results of this test serve to stipulale Ihe welding parameters
6.4 Testing of the failure behaviour wilhin the framework of the trial welds and lo evaluate Ihe failure
behaviour of samples. The evalualion is made on the basis of the
6.4.1 Proeedure following eriteria:
- Slretehing of lhe base material, oulside Ihe weld, without any
The failure behaviour is invesligated on random samples subjeel-
peellng of the weld.
ed lo dsstructive tensile peeling slresses (peeling test). These
The weld exhlbits goo<1failure behaviour.
peeling tests conslitute short-time tests for the qualitative evalua-
1I0nof Ihe deformation and failure behaviour of the weld. - Stretehing of Ihe base material, next to the weld or in the weld
area after limited peeling of the weld.
The peellng lesls must be performed on three approx, 20 mm
The weld stil/ exhibits adequate teuure benevtor If Ihe welding
wlde strip speeimens in eaeh case wilh reference to DVS 2226-3.
paramelers during Ihe manufaclure of Iha weld and ils
dimensions are In Ihe lolerance range and
6.4.2 Area of applieation
- the remaining residual weld widlh is greater than Ihe
Bolh Ihe weld shapes can be lesled wilh lhe peeling tesIs. The demanded minimum widlh 01 15 mm in the overwhelmmg
tests serve not only lo set the process parameters within the number 01Ihe individual tests or
framework of the trial welds bul also lo check the failure
- Ihe stretching requires forces whieh are already close to the
behaviour. maximum tensile lorce of the base material in Ihe tenslle
test
6.4.3 Exeeution of the test
- Peeling of the weld.
As test speeimens. strip specimens are taken vertically lo the The weld does nol exhibil any adequale failure behavlor
weld The strip specimens must be laken in sueh a way Ihat
- Slrelching 01 Ihe welding filler material (exlrudate) in the case
sufficient elamping lengths according lo Figure 14 are always
of surfacing welds.
available In particular cases, il may be necessary to perform
supplementary tests in whieh lhe peeling force is applied from the The weld slil/ exhibils adequale fallure benevior If ttus fallure
mside of the testing ehannel. anses In iso/aled cases and Ihe slrelchlng requues forces
whlch are sllll comparable wilh Ihe maxlmum force In Ihe
¡- ,
1- lenslle test on Ihe weld.
- Failure of the base material next to or in the weld area wuhout
any distincl stretching, i. e. plastie delormation
The weld does nol exhibil any adequale failure behavior
I 6.4.6 Limits of the test procedure
. J "- In principie, Ihe short-time peeling tests are performed wlthm the
framework of the mternat monitonng not only lar Ihe quahlative
evaluation of Ihe weld but also for the cheeking of Ihe ehosen
welding parameters. Wilhin Ihe framework of Ihe exlernal moni-
toring, they musl be supplemented by laboratory lests accordlng
lo the slandards in order to be able to make a reliable and quanti-
fied statement about the joining strength as well.
6.5 Testing for leak tightness
t ',~20
__ 11·1,)0
t
~
100
--
6.5.1 General
With regard to Ihe continuous lesting of the welds for leak tight-
<i-- • • •
N','
Il·loo-11
• • • I ---(>
ness, the test proeedure must be adapted to the weld shape
concerned. The following test procedures must be applied.
Lap welds wilh a testing ehannel
- testing wlth compressed air
Surfaeing welds
- lesllng wnh eleelrical high voltage
- tesllng with a vacuum
6.5.2 Testing wilh eompressed air
6.5.2.1 Proeedure
D1mensions in rnm The eompressed arr test serves to tesl the leak Ilghtness of lap
welds with a testing ehannel (double welds) subjeeted to
Flgu,..14. Sampllng and stresses dunng the peeling lest rnechamcal stresses

The testing devices (manometers) must comply with Testlng
Device Class 1.0 according to DIN EN 472. The measuring range
should be no greater than 10 bar and the scaUng no greater than
O 2 bar.
6.5.2.2 Area 01 application
With the compres sed air test. it is possible to test the entire
length 01lap welds with a testing channel lor leak tlghtness in one
testing operation using a non-destructive method.
6.5.2.3 Execution 01 the test
The test should only be performed around one hour after the
welding.
The jig which serves to apply the compressed air, is equipped
wlth a manometer or a pressure recorder and closes the tesling
channel in an air-tight lorm is assembled at one end 01 the weld
(Iront end 01the weld). The compres sed air is Input here and the
contmuity 01 the weld is tested first 01 all Thereafter, lhe other
end 01 the weld (rear end 01 lhe weld) is closed in an air-tight
lorm, e. g. by means 01 hot gas welding or using clamping lacili-
tieso
The actual testing pressure 015 bar is only sel after prestressing
at 6 bar lor around one minute in order to condrtion any initial
delormations.
The testing time for the compressed air test is ten mlnutes. When
the tesling time has elapsed, the testing channel is opened at the
end 01the weld. The pressure (display on the manometer) must
drop abruptly.
II the welds cannot be tested conlinuously, they must be tested
secnon by seelion. In the case 01delecls which cannol be estab-
lished direclly, ~ is necessary to choose correspondingly shorter
testlng lengths in order to delimit the delective areas.
6.5.2.4 Test results
The pressure course over the testing time must be recorded
using a pressure recorder. In exceptional cases, the pressure
may also be logged by hand at the beginning and end 01lhe test-
Ing time.
6.5.2.5 Evaluation ollhe test results
The weld is regarded as leak-tighl il the pressure in the testing
channel drops by no more than 0.5 bar withm the slipulated
testing duration.
6.5.2.6 Limits 01 the test procedure
The compres sed air test is a leak test with mechanical stresses.
It does not aftect the weld quality and does not supply any state-
ment about the weld strength.
6.5.3 Testing with a vacuum
6.5.3.1 Procedure
The vacuum procedure can be utilised in order to test lhe leak
tightness 01both lap welds and surfacing welds
The test is performed with a transparent testlng bell jar (e. g.
made 01 PMMA) which is connected with a vacuum purnp, The
bell jar has a pressing-on seal at the edge so that the testing area
can be closed in an air-tight lorm. Duríng the test, a partial
vacuum is generated in the bell jaro
The testing devices (manometers) must comply wlth Tesling
Devlce Class 1.0 accordmq to DIN EN 472 The measuring range
should be no greater than twice the testing pressure and the
scahng no greater lhan 0.1 bar
6.5.3.2 Area 01 applicatíon
Wlth the vacuum test. It is posstble to perform non-destructive
leak tests on lap welds wlth a flush (closed) Iront edge and step-
by-step leak tests on surfacing welds.
Page 13 to DVS 2 page 14 to DVS 2225-4
Correspondingly shaped vacuum bell jars must be used on fillets During lhe repair work, lhe greatesl possible care must be taken
6.5.4.4 Test results
edges and corners. '
In Ihe case 01 continuous leaks over the testmq lenglh (hall Ihe since lhe testing and inspection 01this work lor all lhe quality crl-
leria and any further repair are possible to a limited exlent only.
6.5.3.3 Execution 01 the test weld wldlh), a visible and audible sparkover occurs between the
electrodes. The type 01lhe repairs depends on the size and Irequency 01the
Between !he welding and the testing, there should be a condlllon_ irregularilies and delecls.
ing period 01 around one hour. The weld area to be tested must 6.5.4.5 Evaluation 01 the test results
be brushed or sprayed with a bubble-Iorming liquid, e g. Soap. Hot gas extrusion welds
suds. The weld is regarded as leak-tight if no spark discharge occurs.
Hot gas exlrusion welds (additional surfacing welds) must be uti-
The test must be performed continuously and over the entlre 6.5.4.6 limits 01 the procedure lised lor locally limited irregularities and imperfecllons:
lenglh. In this respecl, the vacuum bell jar must be mounled and
The only leaks detecled are lhose which are continuous and run - In the case 01 notches and lines with a depth 01 more than
pressed on In such a way that lhe weld to be tested 15 located in a almost vertically to the weld at the same time. The tesling length 10 % 01 the sealing sheet !hickness over a lenglh 01max. 1 m
roughly central position In relation to the axis 01 the vacuum bell
must be adjusted to lhe puncture voltage in air. and with a maximum 01 one Imperfecllon on a sealing area 01
jaro In the case 01 longer weld sections, the bell jar must be 100m'.
relocated correspondingly often. When the bell jar is moved in II musl be ensured lhal the counterelectrode is not totally embed-
longer testlng seclions, it must be ensured !hat the testing areas ded In the welding filler material. It must be fixed in such a way - in lhe case 01 mechanical damage to the sealing sheels (no
overlap by approx. 10 cm. The welds are tested at a partial vacu- lhal any impairment 01the weld quality is excluded. holes) and a maximum 01one imperfection on a seallng area 01
um 01 0.5 bar. This tesling pressure (partial vacuum) must be 100m'.
kept conslant over a period 01mino 10 S. 6.6 Testing and inspection record sheets - in lhe case 01leaks in the lron! part 01 lap welds wilh a testing
The resulls 01the site tesis and inspections must be recorded on channel over a lenglh 01 max. 0.5 m and a maximum 01 one
6.5.3.4 Test results imperfeelion over a weld length 0120 m.
tesllng and inspection record sheets which are shown in lhe
The partial vacuum 15displayed on the manometer. Bubbles lorm appendix lor the various weld shapes: The corresponding weld and sealing sheet areas must be ma-
in the evenl 01a leak. These positions musl be marked Test,"g and inspection record sheet lor lap welds with a testing chined oft carelully The welding filler matenal must be applied in
channel - Appendix Sheel 3 the lowest possible lhickness and with edges running out flat with
6.5.3.5 Evaluation 01 the test results hardly any bead.
Tesl,"g and inspeelion record sheet lor surfacing welds - Appen-
The weld is regarded as leak-tight il the partlal vacuum builds up dix Sheet 4
rapidly and remains constanl over the testing time and no Repair wlth sealing sheet blanks
These record sheets must be kept by the laying company within
bubbles lorrn in the weld. Seahng sheet pieces or strips must be applied in the case 01
the Iramework 01lhe inlernar monitorinq, The external monitoring
larger delecl regions in the weld area and thoroughgoing trnper-
6.5.3.6 limits 01 the test procedure agency musl check lheir completeness and specialist lechnical
lections (holes) in lhe sealing sheets. These sealing sheet blanks
contenl and countersign lhem.
The vacuum tesl is a leak test with mechanical stresses It does must extend beyond lhe delect regions concerned by mino 10 cm
and must be applied to the imperfection area with hot gas exlru-
not permit any conclusions about the weld strenglh. In many
slon weldlng (surfacing weld).
cases (corners, cut-outs and T-joints), the vacuum test serves as 7 Remarks about repairs
a supplementary test to other tests.
Repair 01 welds over the entire length
General remarks are made within the Iramework 01this technical
6.5.4 Testing with electrical high vollage codeoThe welding work within the Iramework 01the repairs must Continuously delective welds and those with contlnuous Irregu-
generally be carríed oul according lo Section 4 01 lhis lechnical larities must be elther removed or covered wilh a mino0.6 m wide
6.5.4.1 Procedure code. sealing sheet strip over lhe entlre length and properly welded.
This test procedure is based on the principie 01the gas discharge
when eleelrical high voltage 15 applied to a drscharqe secIJon 100
The testing lacility consists 01a voltage source and a brush elec- Puncture voltage as a
lrode.
kV ;H"
lunction 01the malerial /
60
One prerequisite lor the procedure is a countereleelrode made 01 I thlckness (PE) ./ ~
conductive material on the rear side 01the weld
40 ,/ "
.¡ ../
6.5.4.2 Area 01 application ,,, 1. '" úi
..
,
.' .
,•...
:1
./
In principie, all weld shapes can be continuously tested lor leak
tightness with this procedure. The test is prelerably unhsed In the
./ V Testing range ..., ... / ~~
20 , ,. .~
case 01 surfacing welds lor the connection 01 sealing sheets to
" V
»: ?
.. '~.'. . ..
cornponents made 01 PE-HD, i. e. welds which do not have a ;~
testing channel or paraUel surfaces. The lest is not recommended
lor surfaclng welds on sealing sheets themselves "
~'" 10 /~ 0'0 ,;:~.
~ I
6.5.4.3 Execution ~ 8
'·'1"
The weld area must be dry and Iree Irom eontammanone Dlrt
., ..,!,,~ ',;', ¿/' Voltage as a lunction 01the
6 ../
parnctes may lorm an Insulating layer and thus aftect lhe test -~- -..". - " ).,. '"
flashover distance in dry air
The test,"g vollage must be adjusted to the thickness 01the seal- 4
Ing sheet and to the weld wldth. Remarks about the puncture '7
vollages in air and lor sealing sheets made 01 PE are made on
Figure 15. ,/
For sealing sheets wilh a thickness as Irom 2.5 mm, Ihe perroi5- 2 /
slble lesting voltage is approx. 60 kV. A lesting vollage 0160 kV
./
resulls m a flashover dlstance 01 approx 20 mm in dry air Thl.
can be used, lor example, lo lest approx 30 mm wlde surfaclI,g
welds II the countereleclrode is located in Ihe centre 01 !he wsld 1
:/
and Ihe leak is contmuous and runs almost vertlcally to the weld 0.4
The flashover distances mcrease along wllh the air humidrty
0.1 0.2 0.6 0.8 2 4 6 8 10 mm 20
The brush etectrode is gulded over the weld al a speed 01 Materíal thickness I flashover distance
approx 10 m/min It must be ensured thal Ihe field strength
necessary lor the sparkover can bulld up. Flgur.15. T eSling I/ollage I puncture voltaqe as a runctlon of the sheet lhlckness I ñasnover dlstance
 Page 15 lo DVS 2225-4 page 16 to DVS 2225-4

8 Standards, technical codes, guidelines and regulations APpendix Sheet 1: Welding record sheet for lap welds with a testing channel

DIN EN 472 Pressure measuring devices - Terms

DIN EN 13492 Geosynlhetic sealing sheets - Properties Welding record sheet for lap welds with a testing channel No.
which are required lar the application
during the construction 01 dumps, inter-
mediate stores and collecting basins lar
Construction project I Sealing sheet

liquid waste substances Laying company Manufacturer

DIN EN 13493 Geosynthetic sealing sheets - Properties
which are required lar the application Welder Nom. thickn. in mm
during the construction 01 dumps, inter-
mediate stores and collecling basins lar Welding machine Raw material
salid waste substances
Geoplastics - Determination 01 the thick- Weld no.
DIN EN ISO 9863-1
ness at stipulated pressures -
Beginning End Beginning End Beginning End Beginning End
Part 1: Single layers
Qualification testing 01 plastics welders;
-
DVS 2212-3 Time
Qualification Test Group 111; sheets in
earthwork construction and water engi- Weather conditions
neering
DVS 2226-3 Testing 01 joints between sealing sheets General (clouds/wind)
made 01polymeric materials - Peeling test - -
Air temperature in ·C
BAM Guidellne lar the authorisation 01 plastic
sealing sheets lar the sealing 01 dumps ---- -
and contaminated sites
Rel. air humidity in % :
DIBI Basic authorisation principies for plastic Condition 01 the sealing sheets
sheets in storage, filling and transfer instal-
lations (Publication 01.04.010) Surface

Joining areas

Surface lemperalure in ·C

Welding parameters

Heated wedge lemp. in ·C Setting

Measurem.

Speed in m/min Setting

Measurem.
---
Joining force in N Setting
1--
Measurem.

Weld specimen

Trial weld No.

Sample from the weld No.

Remarks:

Welder Sita manager / foreman Extemal monitor

(specialistlaying company)

Date Signature Date Signature Date Slgnature

 Page 17 to DVS 2225.4 page 18 to DVS 2225-4

Appendix Sheet 2: Welding record sheet for surfacing welds APpendix Sheet 3: Testing and inspectlon record sheet for lap welds with a testlng channel

Welding record sheet for surfacing welds No. Testing and inspection record sheet for lap welds with a No.
testing channel
Construction project
Construction project: Laying company.
Laying company Manufacturer -
-+ Seahng sheet: Nominal thickness: mm
Welder Nom. thickn. in mm -
~- -- JOlnlngprocess: Weld no.:
Welding machine Raw material
l. External condition
Weld no
stanon Weld path Bead formation Notches and lines I Remarks
I

1= ~+
Beginning End Begi~ BeginningT End Beginning End
1- -r--
---
Time - -1-- --
Weather conditions - f-- -
1- --1-- - ---
I~-- f I
-
General (clouds/wind)

Air temperature In 'C

'Rel. air humidity in % ------ .
t- -¡ 11.Dimensions (mm)

l
"1
z
"¡.
z
"1 I "1
~dN1= (do + du) - dN1,
~dN2 = (do + du) - dN2
I 1 I
I
¡
Condition 01 the sealing sheets
- U,
-- -- bN b~_ bN,
-- - U,

Surface

JOlnlng areas T
- U
-
stauon Ü1 Ü2 bN1 bN2 bp Ido du do+du dN1 dN2 I ódN1 ódN2 Remarks
Surfaee temperature in 'C ~
~
- 1-- - c-- - f- - - - ---- -

,----
..-
t
Welding filler material

Welding parameters
~
Extrudate temp. In ·C
r--
Setting
- t- + - t ,- -- -

Measurem. 111.
Failure behaviour in Ihe peeling lest O with force display O without force display
1--
Hot air temperature in 'C Setting Station Specimen wldth (mm) Max. tensile force (N) Deformation and failure behaviour Evaluation Remarks
1 l· - -1 I
Measurem.
~ -- - f-- --- --
Weld specimen

Trial weld - beginning ~

- --~~ --- -
-+--1 I -I~II--+- - - - - - - -- -
Trial weld - end No.

Remarks.
IV. Leak lighlness - Compressed air lesl

1
Stabon Temperature of sheet:__ 'C Pressure drop. < 10%
Testing parameters: Pressure:
-- bar Duration:
--min
Width bP Beginning of lest End oltesl Difference Remarks
1-- ,- -
Time Time bar - bar ~e
~
. - -
-1- - - - -

- '--

+
- - I .- -
'- - - . t---- I -

Welder Slte manager I foreman

(specíalist laying company)
I External monitor
Tester Sita manager { foreman
(specialistlaying company)
External monitor

Date Signature Date Slgnature Date Signature Date Signature

Signature 1 Date Slgnature Date
, Page 19 lo DVS 2225-<1

-
Appendix Sheet 4: Testing and inspection record sheet for surfacing welds

Testing and inspection record sheet for surfacing welds INO.

1
I
DVS-DEUT SCHEA VEABAND
FÜR SCH WEISSEN UND
VERWANDTI VERFAHREN E.V.
Testing of Fused Joints on Liners of
Polymer Materials
- Testing Procedure, Requirements -
Direction
DVS 2226-1
(September 2000)
I
Construction project Laying company:
---
Sealing sheet. Nominal thicknes: mm
- Contents 3 Tests
Join,ng process: Weld no.:
I 1 Aan! e of Application To value the quality 01 fusions several testing procedures are
l. External condition 2 MatE als. Characleristics and Seam Shapes required under consideration 01 requirements resp. the required
3 Test results.
Station Weld path Bead formation Notches and lines Remarks
3.1 Non. eslructive Tests
3.1 Nondestructlve Tests
3.2 Dest ructive Tests
1- - ~ -- - 1- - f- . - 4 Aeq' rements Execution, evaluation and limits 01 the nondestruetive tests are
I described in the lollowing sections of DVS 2225·2:
4.1 Non. estructive Tests
-- - - - --e- - 4.2 Destruclive Tests
Outer texture section 4.2
Stan ards, Guidelines and Aegulations
-- 5 Dimensions section 4.3
Density test seetion 4.5

11.Dimensions (mm)
. "O
z
,
I

Is
1 Rang. 01 Application
3.2 Destructive Tests

lS0N/(~ l "O: I
--= " =::::----...
I
"o'
,
I
! ~
¡¡
This guid, ine applies for testing of fusions produced according
to DVS 2: 25-1 and ·4 through weldlng, gluing and vulcanization
w,th line s 01 polymer materials for ground and water
Exeeution, evaluation and limits of the nondestructive tests are
described in the following sections of DVS 2226:
Lap shear test part 2
constructi n, landfill coatings and other groundwater protection
- b N
- I
I measures Peeling test part 31)
Dynamic mechanlcal analysis part 4

-
U
-- b N'2
- ~
5
DVS 22( 3 applies for fusions in apparatus
constructi n.
and pipeline

Station O bN bN/2 do du do +du dN fNA Remarks •

""~
This guid. ine allows, as extension of DVS 2225-2 ·Construction
síte Tesn a quality and quantity specilic valuation of fusions in
4 Aequirements

I short and ong term tests. The liners used for fusions have to meet the regulations and
.- - t--- - - ~ guidelines being valid for the respective application (see also

- ! The guid.
staft, use:
ne is to be understood as instruction for processing
and testers 01polymer IIners to execute the tests and
section 5).
-- - . ¡¡
to value the quality of lusions. This part #1 states the The fusions nave to meet the requirements mentioned below.
E
requiremE ts mentioned in detail in part 2 and 4 of trus guidellne.
f-- - 11
~ 4.1 Nondestructlve Tests
The selee on 01the appropriate test procedures has to be made

11I.Failure behavlour in the peeling test

Station Specimen width (mm) Max. tensile force (N)

O with force display

Deformation and failure behaviour

O without force display

Evaluation Remarks
.
s
i
g.
with refe ence to the respective execution and application.
Prescripti ns in admissions or application specilic regulalions
have to b, considered.
The requirements lor the nondestructive tests are described in
DVS 2225-2 sections 4.2, 4.3 and 4.5 .

Furtnerrm e, it has to be made sure that test resulls depend on 4.2 Destructive Tests
I
~ the man facturing conditions for test pieces and testing
- 1-
! condrtions 4.2.1 Lap sheer test
§ The requirements mentioned in table 1 apply for the lap sheer
E test.
-- 1 2 Mater ls, Charaeteristles and Sea m Shapes

- - - I Uners are made from thermoplasties or elastomer and are fused

Table 1. Material speclflc requlrements for lap sheer test.

by we'din vulcanization or gluing to sealing systems for ground

and watel construction.
Characteristic PE ECS, PIS
PVC·p, PE-G
I ElaSlomer

IV. Leak tightness

-
Statron Vacuum High voltage Remarks
- The quali es of the liners are described in the respective DIN
standard! Thickness of the liners is 2 to 5 mm. They ean be
Type of faHure Draft and fracture in lhe transient area or
the base material outside the seam area

------
Partial vacuum: bar Device type:
--- , I bUilt-up h mogeneously or as multHayer; the surface can be
even or si ructured.
in addnion for coeted seams: draft and
fracture in weldlng adchtlve.
Short-term rusion ~0.9 ~0.6 1>0.7
Overlap l. nts with overlap seams or coated seams are used as Factor fz
Duration: s Voltage: kV jomt shap s (see DVS 2225-1).
We empl asize to DVS 2211 and additional advices in DVS
-- . - -
-- --- I 2207-4 IX cerning the welding additives for coated seams of PE 1) A simplilied on sito analysls can be executed accordlng lo part 4 01 OVS
Ilners.
-- ---- -1- -- 2225-2.

J
1- _. ,
-

Tester External monitor This pub!"" K)fl was preparad by a group of experlenced speclalists workJng logether in an honorary C8p8Clty, and It 1$ recomrnendad that il should be respected as
Site manager I foreman an Impol1an source of knowledge The user must al eünmes check Ihe extonl 10 whiCh the contents appty 10 hit or her specat case and whelher the verslon 8vailable
(specialist laying company) 10hlm cr he is slill current. Any lIablltty on lhe part o, the German Weldlng Socloty and 01 Ihose particlpaung in Ihe prepareñon of lhis document 18 8lCcluded

Date Unterschnft Date Unterschnft Date Unterschnft

-.4 Orders 10'

DVS. Techmcal Cornrmttee, Working Group W 4 "Plastics, Weldlng and Adhesive Bondinq"

e~~\l8rtaa-...GmbtLP.-t.O ..JlolL1CU.9~O.DilsSA1dod GAUnAOY P~0\2'1'16Q1 o ToAo1o_ ••..4.Qm'Q1.'uO •• cn '