SF!

roestcr; Full
Year : 2013
Fl1H i\lfarks: 100
f'a~:s M·.-.rks: 45
Time : 3J-m:.

1
Dcf.ue ~:c--n.,.1., i:.-, 1 1 • • \,
.. -~ · -~ : . . . ::.. .1..,}.p.a.n fo.e different types -o f s1gDaJ.:; used in
LI -•lllcnration system.
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/ c-.,, per onm.nce parameters of instrumentation
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• • .:i 11as· fioIbwmg · coustants: +4
Arii1 AB: R=--·1200D in parallel with C ~0.5 ~tF. Ani1 BC: R= 1000.Q
in se ries witlr-C==0.5p.F ~-GI>-q;:=g0niH~fo series willi R= 2Tmn-:-
Find the constur:ts ofann DA to balance the bridge.
3.
i,) ExpJ~in hc-.•1 capacitive transducer m,~-asures linear as wen HS 'angular'
djsr,1acem1,;:nts. · 8
b) A piez.o•d~ctric c-rystal has the dimensions of 5_ m?J>:5 mm x 1.25
7
mm. The force acting on it is 6 N. The chru-ge sensitivity-of the crystal
.is l 50__eG_/N aru:Lit.S-f)~-s-12.5 X 1-0·9 Eim If Ure::.;; nlnlt:.s-¥£
6 2
eJastfoity is 12 x 10 N/in • C~lculate the strain. Also calcu1at~ the
charge and the capacitance.
4. a) ~~fl<? transducer. What _are the desirable charaqteristics of a 2+5
transducer. · . ·
b) Explaj.n successive approximat~<;>n type ADC used in instrumentation 8

5.
• · sys~
la.t do yo4 understand by sign_al .- ~tlo~mg_, ' ~p a1_ . e . ee 2+6
d" · · ?E I - ~ t h r
. 2iI conditioning technJques us~d -~ :1~s!1}!~en~at1on.
gp
b) Define · data ac..9ms1 I i system and d1fferent1ate
· ·t·on . -· 6etween analog DAS 2+5
'
 . and -d(gital DAS.
6. a) Wl;flt do you me;m by data trc:.:1~misslo::1? I~xplain the VHJio:w iyp:-; =,f 7
I datn tr2.n~missio11 sy~tem.
I
I t) What i:; output device? E~pb.in in brief abtYnt I.C.tgnctic tHp~ re,;o~-::br e
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I 7. Wrl~;! sho:::-t notes on (A.1,y two)
·a) Fl~sh ADC · 2xs
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Sb~dards of measurcincn~:
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POl{l·IARA UNIVERSITY I
\ OR
t.evd : Bachelor What will be the successive approximation digital output for a analog
Semester - Fall Year : 2014 nput of 3.12V from a 4 bit converter given that E,/=- 8V. Also draw 7
Programme: BE
Full Marks: 100 he circuit.
Course: Instrumentation
Pass Marks: 45 b) y.'hat are the methods of data transmission? Explain the typical
Time : 3hrs.
elemetering system with a block diagram. 8
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as.far 6. a) ~hat are output devices? Discuss the operation of magnetic tape 8
as practicable. ~ecorder.
b) ~xplain the components of the data acquisition system with necessmy 7
The .figures in the margin indicate full marks.
block diagram.
Att~"I/ the questfons.
7. Writ~ short notes on any two: 2;,; 5
1. H
Describe .th e generarized block diagram of an instrumentation system 7
a) LvoT
~w . can w~ measure. the self inductance by comparing it with a 8 1 7
b) umentation Amplifier
standard variable capac1tanoe?-Derive the relationship. nvironinental Error
Show th,~t _a spring control permanent magnet moving coil instrument 7
2 . a)
have a umJ-orm scale.
8
h) !n a balanced network, AB is a resistance of soon in series with an
inductor of 0.18H, BC and DA are non-inductive resistances of 1000!1
each and CD consists of a resistance R in series with a capacitor C. A
potential difference of 5V at a frequency 5000/ 21t is applied between
points A and C. Detennine the values of Rand C. 7
,., A strain gauge is bonded to a beam 0.15 m long and has a cross
.:,. a) sectional area of 8 cm 2 .Young's modulus of elasticity for steel is 207
GN/m 2 .The strain gauge has an unstrained resistance of 400 ohm and
a gauge factor of 2.2. When a load is applied the resistance of the
gauge changes by 0.013 ohm. Calculate the change in length of a steel
beam and the amount of force applied to the beam . 8
Justi~t the linear relationship between input and output in a
b) potentiometer is disturbed due to loading of a linear potentiometer. 7
Explain an appropriate transducer for the measurement of weight.
4. a)
OR 7
What is piezo-resistive effect? Derive the relationship between the
gauge factor and the poisson's ratio. 8
Discuss about successive approximation technique of analog to digital
b}
conversion with a numerical example. 7
Desc;nbe any three application of operational amplifier with neat
5. a)
~h.
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- -----
 POKHARA UNIVERSITY
Level: Bachelor I 6. a) · With the help of necessary diagram, explain th
• • e Work·
Semester: Fall magnetic tape recorder, hence verify that it act as d' ing, principle of &
Programme: BE
Course: Instrumentation
Year
FullMarks:: 2~4
1 O
a 1ffer ·
b) Briefly explain about the digital data acquisition syste enttator.
i:eMark~:1'rs. 7. Write short notes on: (Any two)
a) Transducer and its classification
m.
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words Jar b) Performance parameters. 5
as practicable. c) Amplifier Applications 5
The figures in the margin indicate full marks. ., 5
i:
'I
I
I
i '
xplain the component of instrumentation system and their ruJ['tion 7
with block diagram. //
b) How can we measure the self-inductance by comparing w~ a
8 I
stai1dard variable capacitance? Derive the relationship. /
2. a) In a balanced network, AB is a resistance of 100.Q in series wii an 7
if,,
inductor of ~J 6H, BC and DA are non-inductive resistance of 1~on
each and CD consists of a resistance R in series with a capacity ):" A
potential difference of 3V at a frequency 500012n is applied bet/Ween
'-- _points A and C Determine the values of R and C.
bA/Explain the static characteristic of measurement system. 8
3. a) Drive the relationship between the gauge factor, strain and the 7
Poisson's ratio.-
b) The output of an LVDT is connected to a 5 V voltmeter though an
amplifier with a gain of 250. The voltmeter scale ha 100 division* and 8
the scale can be read upto 115 th of a division .An output of
2mVappears across 0.5mm.Calculate and determine: 1
I. Sensitive of L VDT, and entire setup
II. The resolution of the instrument
4. ~ W )t is Thermopile? Explain the principle of Thermistor to m•.~sure 7
e temperature. , .- , ,,
Explain the working principle of instru_m entation ~mplifi.er. ,-,//
8
s. a) Find lhe digital output of 8.217 volts input from a 4-bits Successive 8
Approximation ADC with the reference voltage of IO volts.
b)
What do yo·u mean by the term telemetry? Explain the typfs of
landline.
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POKHARA llNIVE.RSITY
• ,6,,_. value of modulus ofelasticity as 250GN/IIY. 7
~Q- '0c. 13achelor a) Illustrate the working of Hall Effects transducer with its necessary.
~<"o ~1,
Semester: Spring 4. 8
1me: BE Year : 2014 b) What is telemetry and explain the types with block diagram .
er,. e: Inst rumentation Full Marks: 100 7
s. a) Why signal -conversion is , r_equired_? Differentiate between binary
Pass Marks· 45
weighted type and R-2R ladder type D/ A converter. 8
Candidates are .
required t . . Time _-• Jhrs. ,, b)
Sketch the circuit of Summing amplifier using Op-a~p t~ e~
,I Vout = 2V1 - 3V2 - SV3 .
0
as p racticable. give their answers in . ':\ 7
The figures in th . . their own words as far 6. a) Clarify the principle of operation of X-Y recorder with its area of
e margin i d" .
application. 8
Attempt all tlte . n icate full marks. !-
b) . What do you mean by Data Acquisition System? Explain in brief
questions. 1.
.I
, about modern trends used in Data Acquisition System. 2xs
W 11 notes on: (Any two)
I. ft"
~ :/ :efine instrumentatlon
• system and ex .
mstrumentation system with bl k d" plam the components of modem
7
, Standard.
b) T oc 1agram b)~ Errors in transducer.
en measurements
50.JQ 50 \Q of resistance of reslStOrs
. . are SQQ, 50.IQ, S0.00
8 t c ~ i n g and Wave Shaping.
, . , so.2n, so.on, son, so.3o, so 20 ,
,'
random errors are present C 1 1 . · Assume only -1i
. . a cu ate.-
1. Arithmetic mean
i
ii. Standard deviation I
I
I
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iii. Probable error. 7 ',,\
Explain Kelvin's bridge with its necessary diagram. 8
2. a) The four arms of an ac bridge at balance are : arm ab - an unknown :.: I
b) inductance L1 having an inherent resistance R 1; arm be - a non- \I
: \\
inductive resistance of 10000; arm cd - a capacitor o·f 0.5 µF in :·
1. 1.
parallel with a resistance of 1500 n; arm da - a resistance of 200n. d
\:i
Find the value of unknowns. ,
7
j:
a) The output of an LVDT is connected to a 5 V voltmeter through an \i
11
3. amplifier whose amplification factor is !SO. An output of I mV ''Ii
appears across the terminals of LVDT, when the core moves through a . i.
distance of 0.6 mm. Calculate the sensitivity of LVDT and that of the \\
whole set up. The milli-voltmeter scale bas JOO divisions. The scale II
can be read to \/3 of a division. Calculate the resolution of the II
\\\
8 \''.\
instrument
A in mm.
strain gauze having the resistance of 4000 and gauze factor of 1.5
b) is connected in series with a ballast resistance of soon. Determine the 2
2
charge in output when a stress of 200MN/m is applied and talc• the
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POKHARA .UNIVERSITY
Level: Bachelor
Semest~r: Fall ': the WQr~ nciple of instrumentation :
Programme: BE Year : 2015 8
necessary s ke. tG. h-· :--- . - -· · lirnpbfier with
Course: Instrumentation Full Marks: l 00
Pass Marks: 45 b) Find the digital output of 8.217 volt input from a 4 bit sue .
Time : 3hrs. approximation ADC with reference voltage of lO volt cessive 7.
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far 6. a) What is data transmission? Briefly explain the various schemes of
as practicable. data transmission.----- 7
The figures in the margin indicate fall marks. b) What is data acquisition system? Explain with sketch, the generic
A ~ the questions. digital data acquisition system. 8
7. Write short notes on: (Any two)
E~plain. the generalized block diagram of an instrumentation system a) Sensor and its type 2x5
with their function and example. ,- ·--- · 7
b)
b) Input Characteristics of transducer
Ex~Jain ,the foUowing terms with reference to measuring instrument: c) Isolation_~_!'Hfier
1. Accuracy and pr-ecision ·· - 8
ii. Sensitivity and resolution
iii. Linearity and hysteresis
2. a)
~xplain the_ ~Qnditions~ ~or__dc_ bridge balance with its necesshry
dmgram. 1i
7
b) A 1000 Hz-bridge has the following constants arm
8
AB, R = 1000 n in parallel with C = 0.5 µF;
BC, R = I 000 n in series with C = 0.5 µF;
CD, L = 30 mH in series with R = 200 n
Find the constants of arm DA to balance the bridge.
3. a) D. efine. Strain gauge. Derive the expression between gauge factor! & 8
Poisson's ratio. /
b) The output of an LVDT is connected to a 5V voltmeter through an 7
amplifier whose amplification factor is 250, an output of2mV app~I s
across the terminals of L VDT when the core moves throug~/ a
distance of0.5mrn.Calculate /
i. The sensitivity of L VDT and the whole setup ,
ii. If a scale can read up to 1/5 of a division , calculate he
resolution of the instrument in mm.
4. a) What are physical variables? Explain primary and secon~ 7
transducers in brief.
b) Explain the principle of operating of magnetic tape recorder. List out 8
its area of application.
2
•·=--· -·- ~
 -·••rH\/'\ UNIVERSITY - "'--- : ·, ·-
evel: Bachelor
~0. ~ gramme:BE Semester:Spring
.. ·.,
•
··~. . .
C'c,
\J'u' • c ourse.: .Instrumentation Year : 2015 Approximation ADC with the reference voltage of •l O volts.
:,;.t-C' Full Marks: 100 b) What are the various types of datatl'aQSinission? Explain Synchronous
Pass Marks: 45 & Asynchronous Data transmission in brief. 8
o_,,,.,
Time : 3hrs . . 6. a) Explain the principle of operation of strip chart recorder.
Candidates
as are required to give. their answers in thei, own wo,ds as fa,
practicable. Or
8
-p Explain the operation of X-Y recorder with its application.
The figu,:es in the margin indicate fall marks. b) What are the uses of data acquisition system?
Attempt all the questions. 7. Wr te short notes on: (Any two) 7
a) Errors in instrumentation 2x5
1. a) b) _/type of transducers
s .
Explain the various com ponents of a
ystem with the help of a block d.
.
generalized Instrumentation 7 ·\.Y ·Filtering
b) What are the " iagram.
. per1ormance parameters of .
static characteristics in brief? an mstrument? Explain the 8
2. a) The Schering Bridge h
C1=0 4µF R -3KQ d as the following constants, R1=l SKQ 7
unkn · . , i.- -o . 4µF at tirequency 1kHz. Determine
an C 3- · the'
own resistance and capacitance of the b . d d d' . .
factor. n ge an 1ss1pat1on
b) What is the use of Wien Bridge? Derive the expression for unknown 8
components in Wien Bridge. What are applications and limitations of
Wien Bridge?
3. a) DefineStrain gauge. Prove that G =1+2µ for strain gauge· where 8
constants has their as usual meaning.
b) The output of an L VDT is connected to a 5 V voltmeter through an .
amplifier whose amplification factor is 150. An output of 5 mV 7
appears across the terminals of L VDT, when the core moves through a
distance of 0.5 mm. Calculate the sensitivity of LVDT and that of the
whole set up. The milli-voltmeter scale has 100 divisions. The scale
can be read to 1/5 of a division. Calculate the resolution of the
instrument in mm.
4. a) The resistance of thermistor at 27°C is 1050Q with constant ~=3140. 7
Calculate the value of temperature when the thermistor resistance
~omes 2330!1.in °C and Kelvin scale. V
Explain the working · principle of inst~mentation am~lifier. 0 . 8
5. a) Find the digital output of 8.217 volts mput from a 4-bits Successive 7
. •• 1 2
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POI<HARA UNIVERSITY wiper as I...,
' . R
aK
Level: Bachelor
Programme: BE
Semester: Fall Year : 201.6 ""' voul = ~n x K(1-K)+a
(Where, a =-L )'.
Full Marks: I 00 R,,
Course: InstrumeAtation
Pass Marks: 45 Also, show that maximum relative error occurs at K =o.s .
Time : 3h~s.
,,, b) A quartz piezoelectric pickup has dimension of '5mm*5mm~J.5mm
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as fqr
I
and a voltage sensitivity of 0.012Vm/N. The relative permittivity of 8
as practicable. I the quartz is 1600 and modulus of elasticity of the quartz is 1iMNtm2
The figures in the margin indicate full marks. . The force applied to the pick-up is 1ON. Determine,
7' all lite questiolls.
1
i.
ii.
The output Voltage
Charge sensitivity
iii. Strain
I - ~ Design the basic block diagram of an Instrumentation System ~1,at 7
measures a change in stress and explain in brief. iv. Charge generated and the Capacitance of the pick-up
b) The resistance of an unknown resistor is determined by he
1
4. a) The resistance of thermistor at 27°C is 1050n with constant f3=3140. 8
8 Calculate the value of temperature when the thermistor resistance
Wheatstone bridge method. The solution for the unknown resistanc ; 'is
stated as Rx = (R1 R2) / RJ, where; /1 becomes 2330{2 in Kelvin scale and find the sensitivity of the
RI =soon± 1 % _JJ:arfsducer ,at the given operating point.
R2=615{2±1% V.Explain the w~rking _E!i.nciple of_instrl!~titatio,o. ampli_!!e~
a
7
R3 = 100 n± 0.5 % 5. a) Find the digital--output ·o-f--S:21Tv olts- input from 4-bits Successive 8
Calculate: ,. Approximation ADC with the-reference,voltage of 10-vl)lts.
i. the nominal value of the unknown resistor b)What is telemetry? Explain its various types and application of 7
ii. the limiting error in ohms of the unkno~n resistor telemetry_system.
iii. the limiting error in ohms of the unknown resistor 6. a) With the help of necessary diagram, explain the working principle of 8
2. a) Name the commonly used detectors for ac bridges. Derive the
expression for unknown components' in Schering Bridge.
b) An ac bridge with terminals ABCD has in arm AB, a pure resistan e;
l 8
7.

magnetic -tape recorder, hence :verify that it act as a differentiator.

b) Briefly explain about the-digitat~data acquisition system.
Write short notes on: (Any two) .,.
7
•
--arm BC a resistance of-800 Ohm ii,- parallel with a capacitor of ©.5
I 7
a) Isolation amplifier V 2x5
micro fai::ad; ~~frri1 CD, a resistance of 400 Ohm in series with a b) Errors in Transducers
c~pacitor of 1.0 micro f~ad; and arm DA, a resistance of 1,000 Ohm. c) Data transmission modes
'i) Obtain the value of frequency for which the bridge can be balanced d) Probability of errors
ii) Calculate the value of resist~nce in arm AB to produce balance.
3. a) A potentiometer displacement transducer having total resistance R~n 7
and a de excitation voltage V;n, is to be u~ed with a measurem~nt
-- syste,'.1 having an input resistance RL.0. Show that the measured
output voltage Vour is rel~ted ··10 the fractional displacement of the
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 POKH,C\R.A. UNIVERSITY ··• ao tin~ on the crystal is 15~. The changl! st: nsi,i vii y o\" 1;•,..: , :·,~\ ;;i 'i~
1
\ SOPC/~ and its permittivity is 12:-; iff'> F/m . Jr the m-.~.Julus ,, \'
,J; 13ache !or
Semester: Spring Yt:ar : 2016 e1\1sticity is \0:-; \O"'>:/m). C_alculnte th;: value~ ll l' ~ r. :\11 l,ct: ::mi
; n111e: BE
1 11
;se: lnstrumematinn Full Marks: 100
Pass Marks: 45 .:l
V. · ao you mean by signal el'nc\itil1ning? E:-.pla in ho"' 1h.: O l'A\1P :--, S , _..,
n)
Time : 3hrs. c 1 _be used as an integrnwr and diff,;remintN \,:rh ncc6s:iry
1
( a11cliclures w ·e n·,111ired tu gil"t; their u11s11·l.!rs in fhl.!ir ,m11 ,rnrcls us.fi,r d grams and equations. ·
<'-'" ;wucticuhle. E plain the principle operation l)f LVJ).T. Lis\ r-ut its ::i·:::: l,r
cP b)
711ujigures i11 lhe 111urgi11 i11dicute_/i1/I murks. :~•·1\ications.- _
11d the successive appro:-;imation (SAR) ADC ~1mput rl)f a ..;-bi1
A rte111pt all tlte questions. 5. a)
werter to a 3 .217V input. if 1h::: reference_voltage is 5V.
1
b) plain the different wired darn tr:1nsmission medium.
E:--plain different types of signals used in an instrumentation system? 7 E plain the principle of operation of X-Y recorder \,·ith its
8 6. a)
b) Ten measurements of resistance of resistor are 200. 200.1. 200.0. a 1 \ication.
200.2. 200.1, 200.3. 200.0. 2004 .. 200.1. 200.2. Assume only random b) . !±;~plain briefly about the modern trends in data acquisition system. 8_
errors present. Calculate: 7. Wnte ijhort notes on: tAny two) :>
i. arithmetic mean a) ~!1\, sic
. requirement
. of T ransducer
1
1i. standard deviation b) Probable error
iii. Probable error c) lpterference signals
OR
A Voltmeter having a sensitivity of 20000./V reads 300V on its 500 V
scale when connected across an unknown resistor in serial with milli
ammeter. When milli ammeter reads 10 n,A. Compute:
i. The nppnrenl resistance of unknown resistor
/ii·
ii. The actual resiswnce of unknown resistor
2.4
The error due to loHdinc effect of the voltmeter 8!
~~'cuss the static and dynamic pertorinance parameters m a
7
measurement s,·stem.
b I An AC bridge )ms Ihe J"nl hm ing components: '1rl11 AB. R = I 000 0 in
parallel with C = 0.5 _uF: BC. R = I 000 (l in p'1rnllel with C = 0.5 pF:
CD. L = _11\ mH in series with R = 2000. \ame the tmknown
components and its ,·;t)uc ,,r
"rm DA w balanc< the bridge. Assume ',
7
frequency f = I 000 Hz.
") f)e tine piezoresisl ive dfccJ. Prove that G = 1-r2p for strain gauge
"
.'- \\•hen: con:,;t;111ts h;1s th~ir usual mc:111ing..
1, l A piezoc kcl ric cr) st:d h"s the d i111ens ir>_rt "r 4ms4 ms 2ntm. The 1<,ree
 POKHARA UNIVERSITY
Le,•el: Bachelor
Programme: BE Semester: Fall
OR
Course: Instrumentation Year : 2q17
Full Marks: 1,9._0 Sketch the circuit of Summing amplifier u~ ng Op-Amp to get
Cand;dates
as

Pass Marks: 45
Time : 3hrs.
are requ;red to g;v, thdr °'""'•rs ;. th,;r own words a./ fa,
practicable.

5.
a)
You1=V1-2V2-V3 - --
A compress;ve force is appHe<I lo a structural member. The- is
micro-strain, Two separate stnun gauges are attached to the ""1>ctun,j
0 5 7
\
member, one is a nickel wire strain gauge having a gauge factor of_ 1
The figures in the margin indicate.full marks.
Attempt aJt.the questiolls. and the other is nichrome wire strain gauge having a gauge factor of
2
2. Calculate the value of resistance of the gauges after Ibey .,.
I. strained. The resistance of strain gauges before being Strained is
120.Q.
is an instrumentation system? Di-aw and explain thei,- funbtion
hatexample.
with
b) 2+6 OR
Describe the d;fferen1 criteria for selection of transduce,s ilor a The output of an LVDT is connected to a 5 V voltmeter through an
particular application. Describe the method for measureme~t of 7 amplifier whose amplification factor is I 00. An output of 1 mV
temperature with use of RTDs. I
appears across the -~!1J1inals of L VDT, when the core moves through
2.~ a) ~ • working of Hay's Bridge for measurement of induc/~nce. 8 a distance of 0.4 mm. Calculate the sensitivity of LVDT and tha:t of
~ • r i v e the equations for bolance. Why is this bddge suite/J fot the whole set up. The milli-voltmeter scale has I 00 divisions. The
measurement of inductance of high Q coils? ~
1 scale can be
instrument mm. to 115 of a division. Calculate the resolution of the
in read
bI The ac bridge is in balance with the following constants: ar~ AB, 7
Rr=/000 .Q in parallel with C,=0.5 µF; arm BC, R.1=1000 Qin eries b) Optical Fibre is the best Wired lransmi&sion medium. Support this 8
with C.<=0.5µF; ann CD. L.=30 mH in series with R.=200 !l ,/ The statement with relevant data.
os~illator frequency is 1000 Hz. Find the constants of arm DIA to OR
al· nee the bridge.
Describe the different data transmission methods. Explain the block
3.~ cribe about various performance parameters of instrumentation 8 diagram of general telemetry system.
system.
6. a) Why is the data acquisitign system needed? EnumerJte main elements 7
b) Ten measurements of resistance of resistors are 15.20, 15.l!l. l5!l, 7 of a digital data acquisitionsystem.
15.30, 15.l!l. l5.2!l, l5!l, l5!l, 15.J!l. and l5.2!l. Assume only b) Clarify
of the principle of operation of Strip Cliart recorder with
application. its area 8
rnndom errors are present. Calculate:-
;, Arithmetic mean 7. Write short notes on: (Any two) 2><5
ii. Standard deviation and a) Errors in transducer
iii. Probable error
b) Instrumentation
Common Mode Rejection
- -- Ratio and ;,. Significaoee in
4. a) Explain the different principles of working of capacitive transdu¢0rs.
I 8
. ~eatstone bridge
, ~•scribe fo details the successive approximation method of analo~ to 7
~ I conversion.
-~ 2
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POKHAR.A UNIVERSITY
,vel: Bachelor
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5 · a) ~fine data transmission. What are its modes? Compare the wire 8
""'
~ gramme: BE Semester: Spring
Year : 2018 c annels used in data transmission.
c ourse: Instrumentation Full Marks: 100 b) xplain the principle of operation of X-Y recorder. List out its area of 7
:.rs Pass Marks: 45 a plications.
Time : 3hrs. 6. a) at is data acquisition? Explain the functionalities of the components 7
Candidates are required t . . · u ed in analog data acquisition system along with its block diagram.
as practicable. o give their answers in their own words as far
b) I \Rx= R1 R2/R3 where R1= 100 ± 1% ; R2=200±2.5%, R3=100±2% 8
Fipd i)The nominal value ii)The limiting e1Tor iii) The percentage
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
limiting error of Rx.
Attempt all tire questions.
7. Wri~~ short notes on (Any Two): 2xs
a) F1i1ter and its types
I . V o efine 1;1easuremen'. system. What are the fundamentals types of signals 7 b) ~ignal cond\tioningw,-
used m mstrumentatton system? Briefly explain them. 1
standard.
b) A resistor is measured by the voltmeter-ammeter method. The voltmeter 8
reading is 123.4V on the 250V scale and ammeter reading is 283.SmA
on the 500mA scale. Both the meters are guaranteed to be accurate within
± 1% of the full scale. Calculate:
i) the measured value of the resistance.
ii) the limits within which you can guarantee the results.
a) Explain Maxwell Bridge. Derive the expression for unknown
8
2. \
components in Maxwell Bridge.
7
b) A variable potential divider has a total resistance of2 kO and is fed from
10 V DC supply. The output is connected to load resistance of 5 kO.
Determine the loading errors for the wiper positions corresponding to K
= 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0. Use your result to plot the graph of error
versus K. $
3. a) Explain the principle of operation on LVDT. Write its merit and
demerits. 7
b) Define piezoelectric effect. Derive an expression for output voltage when
a stress is applied to a piezoelectric transducer.
I
1-;_ .)'Y~
·v t is an instrumentation amplifier? How does it differ from a single
'_;'~-Amp differential amplifier? What are the ideal characteristics of Op-
\7
Amp.
b) Design a 4-bit weighted-resistor DAC, whose full scale output voltage
is -IOV. Logic levels are J=+SV and O=OV. What is the output voltage 2
when input is 101 O?
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b) Differentiate Rf D- ancl thermistor fo r-the measuremen\ f g
·
Show the necessary .
equations for each. " o temperature.t:;
POKHARA UNIVERSITY ~•
5. a) A compressive force is applied to a structural member. The Strain is
Level: B_achelor Semester: Fall Ye~r :" 18 2! micro strain. Two separate strain gauges are attached to the structural 5 7
Programme: BE Full Marks: ~' O
Course: Instrumentation Pass Marks: I~ member, one is nickel wire strain gauge having a gauge factor of_ 1 _1
and the other is nichrome wi re strain gauge having gauge factor of2 _
· Time : l~rs. 2
Calculate the val.u.e_of resistance of the gauges after they are strained.
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words ~ far The resistance of strain gauges before being strained is 1200.
as practicable. /'T
b) Distinguish bet)¥C'e~ the following terms as used in communication 8
The figw-es in the margin indicate full marks. / between measurement devices:
Attempt all the questions. ' I, (i) Half duplex and full duplex cori1munication
(ii) Asynchron-ous and Synchronous transmission
(iii) Parallel and Serial communication
1. ~ t a r e the basic blocks of a generalized instrumentatioJ L rem? 8 6.
Draw the various blocks and explain their functions. . ii a) Explain how digital and modem digital data acquisitions are different i
with their block diagrams.
b) A 0-10 A ammeter has a guaranteed accuracy of 1.5 % ,11 II scale 7
reading. The current measured by this instrument is 2.5 A. alculate b) List the-ad.val'.ltages-of .magnet_ic tape recorder. Explain the operation of
strip chart recorder with suitable diagram.
the limiting values of current and percentage limiting error. ·/ 7.
2. Write short notes on: (Any two)
a) D ~ e the working of Hay's bridge for measurement of in
hy .is this bddge suited fo, measurement of inductance If 1
uctance. 8
high Q
a) R-2R ladder-network DAC
b) Classificatiq_n_of !!:_an~9ucers
c) Hall effect'tr~nsducer
b) An ac bridge has the following constants arm AB, R=JO00 n in 7
parallel .with C=0.159µF; BC, R=I000 n; CD, R=500 n; DA,
C=0.636µF in series with an unknown resistance. Find the frequency
for which this bridge is in balance and det~rmine the value of the
resistance in arm DA to produce this balance.
3.
a) A capacitance
2
. transducer uses two quartz diaphragms ,of arf a 7
750mm separated by a distance of 3.5mm. A pressure of 900 kN/m 2
when applied to the top diaphragm produces a deflection oi 0.6rnr .
The capacitor has capacitance 370pF when no pressure is appli ed to the
diaphragms. Find the value of capacitance after the application of 1
_ p~ e of 900 kN/m 2•
b~ at is signal conditioning? How OPAMP can be used in varibus
signal processing operations? Explain with examples.
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4. a) Q.e.scribe the working principle of Stair case Ramp Type ADC. List its 7
drawbacks.
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POKHARA UNIVERSITY
Level: Bachelor used in instrumentation system with a n6merical example.
Programme: BE Semester: Fall y ear
· :2019 5. a) Consider a 6 bit digital to analog converter with a resistance of 320 kn 7
Full Marks: 100 in the LSB position. The converter is designed with weighted resistor
Course: Instrumentation
network. The reference voltage is 10 V. The output of the resistive
Candid Pass Marks· 45 ·network is connected to an Op-Amp with a feedback resistor of 5 kQ.
ates are re . Time · What is the analog output of the binary input of 1110 IO?
as
T. practicahle. quired to give thell'. answers . : 3hrs. Describe the different data transmission methods. Explain the block 8
'he figures in the
A
.
.
margzn id.
ttempt all tlte
questions.
n icate full marks.
in their own words asfiar
6.
t [\ diagram of general telemetry system.
Give the functional details of a type of recorder which can be
-~\ employed for plotting the Stress versus Strain curve for brittle
\\ material. . . . .·
,~ What is data acquisition system? Briefly explain about the d1g1tal data 7

8
7
l. a) S
Explai . e vanous
: -. components of a . I\\ acquisition system.
b) hr em w.tth the help of a block diagram generalized Instrumentation 2xs
8
7. f rite;hort notes on: (Any two)
ee resistances have the follo . : Isolation amplifier
Rl = 20 Q± 0 1· R2- wmgratmgs: Pi~ Classification of transducers
Determine .the magnitude 'and~lim1
2?t.n 0.1; m oh
mg±error = 60 n·r±th0.25 ~ W i c parameters
connected m series Also obt . ms, 1 e resistances are
· am percenta l · 8
2. a) An ac bridge has the fo'l . ge re at1ve error in the resultant.
l owmg components· ar AB R 1
parallel
_ with C = 0.5 µF·' BC ' R = 1000 r.. m
>< m. parallel with a
, = 1000 0. in1
f ><· m e constants
- 0.5 µF ; CD, L = 30 mH in series with R =200 r. p· d th I
o '."m DA to balance the bridge. Express the result as a pure R iJ
senes ~r parallel with a pure C or L Assume frequency f= 1000 Hz, \ 7
b) What ts the use of Wein Bridge? Derive an expression for to calculatl
unknown electrical parameter frequency in tenns of 1cnown parametel
8
of Wein ~ridge circuit. 1 !i
a) A capac1ttve transducer uses two quartz diaphragnts of area 1somml
separated by a distance of 3,5mm. A pressure of 900kN/m whe\\
3.
applied to the top diaphragm produces a deflection of 0.6mm. nl~
capacitance is 370pF when no pressure is appl'.ed _10 the diap~\r
Find the value of capacitance after the apphcat1on of pressure o
1 • 7
b)
9ookN/m.
Define gauge factor. Derive an expression for gauge factor of Ostrain
..
7
a) gauge. of a potentiometric device is alway~ ne_gauve
"Error . eicept at two g 2
· - points." Justify it with necessatY denvauons. ,
4. successive approximation type analog to digital convert~r
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POKHARA UNIVERSITY
Analytically compute: - ~
Level: Bachelor · Semester: Spring Year : 2017
Program1r,ie: BE i. The frequency at which bridge becom~~ at 'oa\ance.
Full Marks: l0b ii. The value of resistance in arm DA to yield-.this balance.
Course: Instrumentation
Pass Marks: 45
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. 3; a) A potentiomete_r di~placement transducer having total resistance RP n
Time : 3hrs. 7
. and a de excitation voltage V;n, is to be used with a measurement
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own ~ords as far system having an input resistance RL n. Show that the maximum %
as practicable. · . R
error is approximately 14.81~.
The figures in the margf.n iridicate full Marks.
Attempt,Jllfthe questio,is. b) A strain gauze- is ··bounded to a beam of 0.1 m long and has a
8
cross-sectional area of 4c.m2 • Young's modulus ,for steel is 207
l. ,) the generu;zed block d;agram_ of ll>stru~entation systr'."· . 7 ON/tn2. The strain gauze has an unstrained resistance of 2400and a
~:::Uss the vanous components of instrumentation system ~1th gauze factor of 2.2. When a load is applied, the resistance of ga117..e
· necessary explanations. , changes by 0.0130. Calculate the change in length of steel beam and
b) For the.network shown below (R1 = I00K!l and R2 = 50K!l) find the 8 the a~oimt of force applied to the beam.
. I
voltage reading on . voltmeter (V 1), if voltmeter sensitivitt is 4. a) Discuss Seebeck effect for temperature measurement. Mention the 8
lKnNolt. ff the voltmeter is replaced by another voltm~teti(V2) laws governing in it. List out the sources of error occurred in it during
having sensitivity 25K!lNolt, Find the new reading. Commen~ on temperature measurement.
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answer. b) .- ·with necessary circuit diagram describe operation amplifier as an 1·
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100'kQ A I '\_/ inverter and summer.
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5. a) Draw the block diagram of successive approximatiori ,·Method. 8
Discuss the different steps involved in successive approximation
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The Table given below lists a sample of experimental data:
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i

method to convert Analog voltage 13.3V into its equivaJent Digital

voltage.
b) What 'is telemetry? Explain its various types and application of 7
Value 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 telemetry system.
1\1
Fre uenc of Occurrence I 2 3 6 7 6 4 2 6. a) Give the functional details of a type of recorder which can be
ii 8
Calculate:
ii errtp\oyed for plotting the current versus voltage curve of any
1. Mean·
I transistors and diodes.
ii. Standard Deviation
b) Define data acquisition system. Differentiate between an.a\og, DA..S 1
iii. Probable error of one reading and digital DAS.
iv. Probable error of Mean .
7. Write short notes on: (Any two)
2. a) Explain the conditions for de bridge balance with necessary diagr~x:n- 2xs
7 a) Types oflnstruments
f
b) An A.C. bridge has the following constants: Arm. AB, R= 1000~ in 8 b) Hall effect transducer
parallel with C = 0.159µF. Arm BC, R = 10000; Arm CD, R = 5q9O; Isolation amplifier
Ann DA, C = 0.636µF in series with unknown resistance.
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