Writing Task 1 – 150 words

Must have sentences in Part 1:

- show = detail = illustrate = give info
- in terms of = regarding
- (... and … respectively)
- the Japanese: means plural and singular >< the Canadian (s): can be plural or singular
- the top position = the leading position
- the most common advantage = the most popular advantage = the most well-known advantage =
the most reported advantage
- it has been shown that = some studies have shown that
- Similarly = likewise =
- - The number of + plural noun + singular verb
- - The amount of + uncountable noun + singular verb
- - A number of + plural noun + plural verb
- - The/a proportion (s) of + plural noun + singular/plural verb
- - The/a percentage (s) of + plural noun + singular/plural verb
- - The figure (s) for + plural noun + singular/plural verb
- in the year … = in …
- predicted = speculated = estimated = guessed
- export: can be verb, noun(s) and adjective
- earnings: always plural, always have s = income
- making it the second highest-valued export after tourism
- report doing something: Witnesses reported hearing a loud noise before the airplane crashed.
- over the course of … years, …
- gives information about = provides details regarding

1. “In terms of (a category)” = regarding

2. “as opposed to”:
a. In terms of cars, the UK spent around $450,000 on this as opposed to exactly $400,000
in France.
3. A Comparative: must use the bracket and respectively
a. The expenditure on books in the UK was higher than in France (about $400,000 and
$300,000 respectively)
b. In the UK, expenditure on cameras (just over $350,000) was over double that of France,
which was only $150,000.
4. “Neither of the countries”, “Both of the countries”
a. Neither of the countries spent much on perfume which accounted for $200,000 of
expenditure in France but under $150,000 in the UK.
5. Conversion between portion and percentage
6. “dropped to a low of (data) in (time)”
a. Likewise, approximately 90 grams of margarine was eaten in the first year after which
the figure fluctuated slightly and dropped to a low of 40 grams in 2007.
7. “reached a high of (data)”
 a. This figure, which reached a high of just over 80 grams 5 years later, fell slightly in the
final years to approximately 70 grams in 2007.
8. “compared to”
a. The expenditure of Ireland was also high (28.91%) compared to Sweden which spent the
least (15.77%).
9. “averaged”: use this to not describe each number separately
a. The national spending in this area for the remaining countries averaged around 6.5%.

Vocabulary:

- Advantages = upsides = benefits

- Disadvantages = drawbacks = downsides = limitations
- Category = division = section = type = class
- A high
- A low
- Expect = predict = estimate = speculate
- More rapid increase = more significant increase
- Expenditure = the amount of money spent on
- While = whereas = Meanwhile
- Increase = rise = jump = surge (plateau at = peak at)
- decrease = decline = drop
- By the end of the period
- The figure for = the percentage of = the proportion of
- experience = witness
- Spend = allocate = distribute

Usual Phrases:

- During the same five-year period, …

- …, making it the sector with the largest overall proportion of the market.
- At the end of the given period = in the final years
- As a Predeterminer: Something is double the amount or size of another thing.
o The offer is double the salary he was getting.
o The island is more than double the size of Texas.
o the proportion of male was double that of female
- Something is twice as much as something
o The proportion of men is twice as much as that of women.
- As a verb: something doubles to …
o The figure doubled to 100 within 3 years
- which is more than any other countries/categories = is the highest among all
countries/categories
- … which together account for 90% of global production/wealth.
- There is a small variance between countries/categories
- Age related expressions:
o People who are between 30 and 40 years old
o People aged between 30 and 40 years old
 o People of the 30-40 age group

PIE CHART: 4 types of pies chart, compare between 2 year, compare between 2 countries, compare
between 2 completely different categories, and 1 pie chart only

1. TOPIC: The two pie charts below show the percentages of industry sectors’ contribution to the
economy of Turkey in 2000 and 2016.
a. => The two pie charts illustrate how different industry sectors contributed to the
economy of Turkey percentagewise in the years 200 and 2016.
2. Overview:
a. Was the smallest segment of the pie chart
i. = contributed the least to the economy
ii. = made the lowest contribution
iii. = made up the smallest part of the chart
iv. = was the least significant part of the economy
b. Was the largest segment
i. Contributed the most
ii. Made the highest
iii. Made up the biggest part
iv. Was the most significant part
3. Body:
a. To write a percentage of something:
i. Accounted for …% of ….
ii. Comprised almost a quarter of …
iii. Was …% in …
iv. Made up …% of …
v. A proportion of …
b. Experienced a more than threefold increase to one-tenth

LINE CHART:

1. Overview:
a. The recycling rates of the UK and Germany showed a steady but significant rise over
the period, while the percentage of recycled waste in France experienced a downward
trend.
2. Body 1: by similar trend because of the overview:
a. … increased sharply throughout the period…, exceeding … in … and reaching almost %...
b. … grew to %...
c. … remained steady until…
d. … experienced a rapid surge to more than…
e. … continued with a gradual increase to %... in …
3. Body 2:
a. The recycling rate of France (50%) was the highest among these three countries.
b. There was a growth of 10% in 2015, but France’s recycling rate was the lowest in the
end of the period.
BAR CHART:

1. Intro: list the specific details or categories

2. Overview:
a. Overall, Sweden experienced a downward trend, while (to contrast) Finland showed an
upward trend throughout the period. Both countries’ divorce rates had some
fluctuations. Although Finland initially had a lower rate, it outraced Sweden at the end
of the period.
b. Overview = low point or high point
c. Overview = upward trend or downward trend if it has a timeline
d. Overview = the overall of one category compared to that of the other
3. Body:
a. … hit a low-point of about 35%... = graph reaches its lowest number
b. … rose to almost 50% in 2011…
c. … the figure showed a gradual decrease to about 47% in 2013
d. … continued to decline steadily to the end of the period.
e. The … in the UK was higher than in France ($... and $... respectively)

MAPS:

1. Tense: Use passive past tense

a. The maps illustrate the developments which took place in…
b. Overall, a comparison of the two maps reveals a complete transformation from a … to
a ...
2. Vocab:
a. The layout
b. Construction = building =
c. Deconstruction = demolition
d. Buildings:
i. Expanded = extended = developed = made bigger = enlarged
ii. Demolished = knocked down = removed = pulled down = torn down = flattened
iii. Constructed = built = erected
iv. Renovated = replaced = reconstructed = redeveloped = converted = relocated
v. Remained unchanged
e. Location:
i. Be located in = be situated in
f. Residential area / Industrial area
3. Time:
a. 20 years ago = 20 years in the past
b. Today = in the present day
4. Good phrase:
a. Furthermore, the plan is
b. In addition, … was decided to be demolished/replaced/etc
c. Will be demolished to make way for the construction of the….
 d. Finally, no change will be made to the …
5. Phrase Directions:
a. On the opposite side of
b. Next to
c. Along
d. Across from
e. In the north of
f. To the north/left of
g. On the left-hand side of
h. In the northeast corner of the map
i. In the center/corner/middle of
j. On/to the left/right of
k. In front of, behind, next to, opposite, inside, outside, next to, alongside
l. Between… and…, among, across
m. On the bank of the river, on the top of
n. Surround / Be surrounded by, be parallel to

PROCESS:

- Use passive present tense

- use where, which
- The flow chart shows the way in which … are/is made
- Overall, there are … stages in the whole process, beginning with … and ending with…
- then = following this, = Next, = Afterward,