Nouns

* Singular and plural nouns

* Countable and uncountable nouns
* Countable and uncountable nouns
* Articles (a/an)Articles (The, a/an)
* Uses of the and a/an
* Some and any
* Much, many, a lot of
* a little, a few, too much, too many, not enough
*all, most, some, no/none, both
Nouns
English Grammar

Grammar Videos :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0ESmyMenCQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OnbQKmOliN0
 Nouns
 A noun is a person, an animal a place or a thing.
 In writing name of people, place, days, months, etc. begin with a capital letter.

Exercise:
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/nouns_articles/capitalization.htm
 Singular and plural nouns.

 Most nouns can be singular (one) or plural (more than one).

 For the plural form of most nouns, add –s.

Irregular nouns:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFmzj4yXEv4
 For nouns that end in s, ss, ch and x sounds (+ patato and tomato) add –es.
 For nouns ending in f, fe change f to V and add –es.
 For nouns that end in consonant + Y
 For nouns that end in vowel + Y
 Exercises:
https://
www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/substa
ntiv.htm

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/nou
ns_articles/plural7.htm

https://
www.english-4u.de/en/grammar/plural.htm

https://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/
coutable-uncountable-nouns

1 Ox- 2 Oxen
Reference:
https://www.grammar.cl/Notes/Plural_Nouns.htm

Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8o-grcR8PWc&f
eature=emb_title
Countable or Uncountable nouns
Countable Nouns

 Countable nouns can be counted and have singular and plural forms.
 We can use:

Singular Plural
a/an, one Some, any (a) few,
The, this/that The, these/those
 The following nouns are always in plural [People, clothes, goods, police].
 His clothes are always clean.
 I made friends with many people on the train.
 The police are getting wise and keeping their mouths shut
 Nouns that consist of two parts: glasses, trousers, jeans, sunglasses, scissors, etc. We use the
expression a pair of to express quantity with these words.
 Angie wears glasses.
 George has bought two new pairs of jeans.
 Words such as family, team, group, audience, class,
government, crew are collective nouns and may take either a
singular or plural verb.

 Tina’s family is rich. Or Tina’s family are on holiday.

 Uncountable nouns

 Uncountable nouns are used only with a singular form verb. To express quantity we use some, any, much,
little, a lot of, etc.

 This rice doesn’t taste right

 Your money is on the table
 His knowledge of this subject has improved significantly.
 There’s a little money in my pocket.

Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4D6JErWRS9k
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YFUztCn_ldU
 Uncountable nouns
Food pasta, meat, sugar, cheese, butter, chicken, chocolate, fruit

Liquids milk, water, coffe, etc.

Materials Wool, gold, paper, glass, iron, leather, etc

love, help, freedom, time, information, news, advice,

Abstract nouns health, communication, work, experience, traffic, business,
etc.

natural phenomena weather, light, rain, snow, etc.

some concrete nouns baggage, furniture, money, luggage, etc.

 Whit uncountable nouns which state food or

liquid, we can use the following expression to
show quantity: bottle, cup, glass, can, slice,
loaf, carton, box, packet, kilo, liter, bar, bowl,
etc, +of:
 A loaf of bread.
 Four cartons of milk.
 Certain words like hair, light, glass, wood, experience, time, chicken, iron, can also be used as
countable nouns with difference in meaning.

Steve's hair is dark. There are dog hairs on the sofa.

My room doesn't get much light. The lights are on, but there's nobody home.

Have you seen my glasses anywhere?

This isn't a diamond, it's a just glass.
This table is made of wood. Would you like to go for a walk in the woods?

Have you got any previous job experience? We had some fascinating experiences when we visited China.

Hurry! We haven't got much time. Lucy has been to the cinema three times this week.

There's some chicken on your plate. Are you going My mum bought a chicken from the supermarket. It was 30%
to eat it? off.

The gate is made of iron. We need a new iron. This one doesn't work.
Exercise
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/substantiv.htm

https://
www.perfect-english-grammar.com/nouns-countable-and-uncou
ntable-exercise-1.html

https://
www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=3246

https://
www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-cou
ntable-uncountable-nouns.php

http://
www.english-room.com/grammar/countable_uncountable.htm

https://agendaweb.org/grammar/countable_uncountable-exercise
s.html

https://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/countable-and-
uncountable-nouns
 Quantifiers
Grammar
Basic
https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/lower-intermediate/unit-8/tab/grammar

Intermediate
https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/intermediate/unit-16/tab/grammar

Upper Intermediate
https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/upper-intermediate/unit-9/tab/grammar
https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/upper-intermediate/unit-10/tab/grammar
https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/upper-intermediate/unit-11/tab/grammar
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dAZ17fpKLQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZA6pIrwm-I
 Some/any/no
• Can be used when, the exact number is not known
• The exact number in not important
 Any + uncountable/ plural
 Some + uncountable/ plural
countable nouns.
countable nouns.
 (?) (-) we usually use some in positive
 (+) (?) when we offer something or ask clause. But after never, without, hardly,
for something polite. impossible, deny, unlikely, forbid, prohibit,
seldom, rarely.
 Is there any orange juice in the fridge?
 I have some Friends.
 There aren’t any chips on he table.
 There is some orange juice in the fridge.
 She did her homework without any help.
 Would you like some chips?

 We also use any with the meaning ‘it doesn’t
Could I have some coffee?
matter which’:
 You can take any bus. They all go to the center. (it
doesn’t matter which bus you take)
 Some and any; general
are used with plural and uncountable nouns, usually when we are talking about unknown or
uncertain amounts or numbers of things

 Some is used …  Any is used…

 In affirmative sentences (sentences which are  In sentences with a negative meaning
not negatives or questions) (including words such as not (…n’t);
barely, hardly, never, rarely, scarcely,
 She had some doubts about the decision.
seldom, deny, fail, forbid, prohibit,
 I had some trouble building the wall. impossible, unlikely)
 In question where we expect agreement or the  We haven’t got any butter left.
answer “Yes”  It was impossible for any air to get out.
 Didn’t John’s parents give him some money?
 In other questions
(= I think/expect they did)
 Do you have any better ideas?
 Hasn’t there been some discussion about the
proposal? (=I think/expect there has)  Has there been any discussion about the
proposal yet?

Some and any can also be used to talk about a particular person or thing without mentioning them specifically. When some is used in this
way it is pronounced /SAM/:
* There must be some way I can contact Jo. (= There must be a way, but I don’t know it.)
* Isn’t there any book here that will give me the information I want? (= There must be a book like this, but I can’t find out what/where it
is.)
Advanced grammar in use book
Unite 63
 Some and any: details
 Some is used…
 When we mean quiet a large amount of
or large number of something:
 The talks went on at same length. (= a
long time)
 When we mean ‘not all’:
 Some people don’t like tea.
 In offers and requests in order to sound
positive, expecting the answer ‘Yes’:
 Shall, I send you some details?
 Can you buy some rice in town?
Advanced grammar in use book
Unite 63
 Any is used…
 When we mean ‘all (of them), and it’s
not important which’:
 Any of the students could have answered
the question. (‘Some of the students…’
here would mean’ some, but not all’)
 When any means ‘If there is/are any’:
 Any questions should be sent to the
manager. (= If there are questions…)
 commonly in ‘if clauses’:
 If you have any problems, let me know.
(‘some’ is possible, but is more positive,
expecting problems)
 Exercise in books:
Advanced grammar in use
Unite 63
Grammar in use Intermediate
Unite 85
Vocabulary English In use Upper
intermediate
-----

Exercise:
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/confusing_words/some_any.htm
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/confusing_words/some_any2.htm
https://agendaweb.org/grammar/any_some-exercises.html https://
agendaweb.org/grammar/a-an-any-some-determiners-exercises.html
https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=762#a
https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/idiomas/ingles/gramatica-inglesa/articles/exercises-countable-and-uncountable-nou
ns-some-any-no-quantifier.html
 some

an a some
some
any
any
some
any

Exercise:
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/confusing_words/some_any.htm
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/confusing_words/some_any2.htm
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/vocabulary/some-any/exercises
Many/much/a lot (of)/ lots of/ plenty (of)
 Much + uncountable nouns
 Many + plural countable nouns
(?)(-) Sentences
(?)(-) Sentences  How much sugar do you need?
 How many people were at the meeting yesterday?  I didn’t manage to learn much information from
 I didn’t see many people form work there. him.
 We use too much/ so much/ as much in all kinds
of sentences:
 We spent too much money.

Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOzZbvciraI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DExrsKWvGc
 Much (of), many (of), a lot (of), lots (of), etc.
Much (of) and many (of) are mainly used…
in negative sentences to emphasise that we are talking about small * He didn't show much interest in what I said.
(or smaller than expected) quantities or amounts. *Not many of my friends knew I was getting married.

in questions to ask about quantities or amounts. * Have you got much homework to do?
* How many questions could you answer?

 In affirmative sentences we often use a lot of, lots of, or plenty of to talk about large amounts and
quantities, particularly in conversation and informal writing. Using much (of) often sounds a little
formal, and many (of) is often formal inappropriate:
 Lots of her students went on to become teachers. (‘Many of is a little more formal)
 We had plenty of hotels to choose from. (‘many hotels’ is more formal)
 I’ve given the problem a lot of thought. (‘much thought’ is very formal)
 John offered me a lot of money for the car. (not much money)

Advanced grammar in use book

Unite 64
 A lot / lots / plenty are always used with of when
they are followed by noun.
 (+) Countable / uncountable nouns
 There were a lot of people at the party.
 Have some more food. There’s lots left.
 Have you got enough money? Yes, plenty.

Exercise in books:
Advanced grammar in use
Unite 64
Grammar in use Intermediate
Unite 87
Vocabulary English In use Upper
intermediate
-----
 much
many
many

much
much
many

much
much
many
 Notes:
 Many and much are used in  A lot / lots / plenty (of) are quite
affirmative sentences with too, so, informal, so in formal writing it is
better to use many or a number of with
how, as. countable nouns and much or a great
 There’s too much sugar in my coffee. deal of with uncountable nouns.
 I love you so much.  A lot / lots / plenty (of) are not used
 Much is used with very as an with measurements of time or distance.
adverb (or on its own in negative  I was ill for many weeks.
sentences).
 I miss my family very much. In formal texts, however, much / many are also
common in positive clauses. This you will notice
 She didn’t like the food (very) much. for example when you read English news.

Exercise:
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/vocabulary/much-many
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/beginner-to-pre-intermediate/countable-and-uncountable-nouns-1
https://speakspeak.com/english-grammar-exercises/intermediate/countable-and-uncountable-nouns *
http://a4esl.org/q/j/km/mc-noncount.html
https://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-many-lot.php
https://agendaweb.org/grammar/many_much-exercises.html
 A few / few
A little / little
 They have a few apples.  There is a little soup.
 There is little soup.

A few

A little
 They have few apples.

Little (=not much)

Few (=not many)

• A few means a small number but enough number. The • A little means a small number but enough number.
feeling or opinion is neutral.
• Little means a small number but not enough number.
• Few means a small number but not enough number.
Few has a negative feeling.
 Exercise in books:
Advanced grammar in use
A few/ a little/ few/ little Unite 68
Grammar in use Intermediate
are a small number/quantity of something. Unite 87

 A few/ few + countable nouns (+)(-)  A little/ little + uncountable nouns (+)(-)

 I need a few more things from the supermarket.  There’s still a little cake left in the fridge.
 There are a few coins on the table.  There was little evidence to support his claim.
 Very few people disagreed with him.

 We say only a little (not only little) and only a few (not only few):
 Hurry! We only have a little time. (= some, but not much time)
 The village was small. There were only a few houses. (=some but not many houses)

Exercise:
https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions/preint/grammar/grammar_03_012e?cc=mx&selLanguage=en
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/mengen.htm
https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1-b2/quantifiers/4/
https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/much-many-lot-little-few/
https://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/courses/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/count3.htm
Countable Uncountable
 Articles
Grammar
Basic
https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/lower-intermediate/unit-8/tab/grammar

Intermediate
https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/intermediate/unit-16/tab/grammar

Upper Intermediate
https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/upper-intermediate/unit-9/tab/grammar
https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/upper-intermediate/unit-10/tab/grammar
https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/upper-intermediate/unit-11/tab/grammar
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/artikel.htm
 Articles
Are short words which come before nouns to show whether they refer to a general or a specific object. There are several
rules telling which article, if any, should be used.

 The definitive article the is used before countable and

 The indefinite article a/an is used
before singular countable nouns.
 Is used to talk about something in
general.
 A pilot flies an aeroplane.
 When we mention something for the
first time.
 I got a letter yesterday.
 When talking about someone’s job.
 My wife is a shop assistant.
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwLujpVeUBU
A/an:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjO4KIiJQg4
uncountable nouns.
 Before something specific or already mentioned.
 For things that are unique.
 For things that are defined.
 With the superlative of adjectives/adverbs.
 Before names of seas, oceans, rivers, deserts, groups of islands,
mountain ranges and countries in plural.
 Before nationalities when we refer to the whole nation.
 Before people’s surnames when we refer to the whole family.
 With hotels, restaurants, theatres, cinemas, museums.
 With newspaper, services and organizations.
 With adjectives referring to classes of people.
 Before musical instruments.
 The definitive article the used in:
 Specific or already mentioned.
 I have to go to the dentist. // I bought two T-shits and a drees. The dress is white.
 For things that are unique.
 The sun heats the earth.
 Things that are defined.
 The house which is next to ours is 300 years old.
 The superlative of adjectives/adverbs.
 Joan is the best dancer of all.
 Seas, oceans, rivers, deserts, groups of islands, mountain ranges and countries in plural.
 The black sea, the Indian ocean, the Alps, the USA
 Nationalities when we refer to the whole nation.
 The Chinese invented paper thousands of years ago.
 People’s surnames when we refer to the whole family.
 The Simpsons came to see us last night.
 Hotels, restaurants, theatres, cinemas, museums.
 The Hilton, The Odeon Cinema, The British Museum.
 Newspaper, services and organizations.
 The Guardian, The police, the United Nations
 Adjectives referring to classes of people.
 The old, the young, the blind, the poor
 Musical instruments.
 My son plays the drums.
 Use the with clauses introduced by only.
 You are the only person he will listen to
 The definitive article the NOT used in: Exercises:
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/artikel.htm
 Before countable and uncountable nouns
which refer to something general or not https://
www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-articles.ph
mentioned before. p
 Before names of people, streets, cities,
https://www.english-4u.de/en/grammar/articles.htm
countries, continents, island and mountains.
 Before the days of the week and months.
 Before names of squares, parks and lakes. Exercise in books:
Advanced grammar in use
 Before names of magazines, sports, games, Unite 57 to 60 >>>>pp 154
colours, school subjects and languages. Grammar in use Intermediate
Unite 72 to 78
 With meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner).
 Before the words bed, court, church, home,
hospital, prison, school, university, work
when they are used for the purpose for
which they exist.
 All, most, some, no/none, both
(: of) to talk about people or things in general

 All (all of them are red)  Both (both of them are red). We use both with plural nous.
 Both salads look delicious.
 All cars have wheels.

 Most (most of them are red)

 Most tourist don’t visit this part of the town. Exercises:

 Some (some of them are red)
 Some many people are very unfriendly.
https://
www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-759
5.php
https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/articles/article2.htm
https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/articles/article-index.htm

 No/none (none of them are red)

 None of this money is mine. Exercise in books:
Advanced grammar in use
Unite 65
Grammar in use Intermediate
Unite 88
All, most, some, no/none, both + [of]
when we know exactly which people or thing we mean:

 Both of us dislike soap operas.

 All of the flowers in this garden are beautiful.
 Some of the people I work with are very friendly.

 After a plural noun we use a plural verb and after an uncountable noun we use a
singular verb:
 All vegetable is good for you.
 All of the prices are per kilo.
Listening Videos
 Articles - 6 Minute Grammar
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryRu8zFCKZE
 The Race: Aye aye Captain Phil! Learn to use articles - Episode 8
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oonJ_Ysox7Q
 Countable and uncountable nouns: The Grammar Gameshow Episode 27
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yay1OUgMSlo
 Some and Any: The Grammar Gameshow Episode 8
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtruQRWZ44U
 Comparatives: The Grammar Gameshow Episode 15
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cGfF6jIl_dU&t=12s
 So and Such: The Grammar Gameshow Episode 14
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4cx8mQZvIw