Adjectives and

adverbs
UNITE 4
 Items
1. Types of adjectives
2. Adjectives with –d and –ing
3. Types of adverb
4. Adverbs and word order
5. Comparative adjectives (1)
6. Comparative adjectives (2)
7. Superlative adjectives
8. Not as… as, the same (…as)
9. Too, enough
10. Adverbs of degree
 1 Types of adjectives
Adjectives describe people, things and places. There are many different types of adjectives, for
example:
◦ Opinion: Nice, beautiful, complicated, fantastic …
◦ Shape: Round, square, short, long …
◦ Color: blue, yellow, green, red …
◦ Nationality: Italian, British, Turkish, French …

Adjectives describe nouns, give us more information about noun.

Adjectives do not have a plural form.
◦ Two blue dresses.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMb9R8-NbLE
 Types of adjectives
Adjectives always before a noun:
◦ A red shirt.

We can put two or more adjectives before a noun. We don’t usually use and between
the adjectives:
◦ a beautiful red shirt

We put opinion adjectives (e.g. beautiful, fantastic, friendly) before other adjectives:
◦ A fantastic red shirt
◦ A friendly Italian teacher
◦ A beautiful old car

We put nationality adjectives ( e.g. Italian, French, Spanish) after most other
adjectives:
◦ An expensive German car
◦ An old Russian professor
◦ A blue Chinese vase
We always put material adjectives (e.g. cotton, wooden, silk) next to the noun:
◦ A red leather jacket
◦ An old wooden table
◦ A Chinese silk shirt
 Types of adjectives
After verbs
We can use adjectives after the verb be:
◦ That dress is beautiful. (it is a beautiful dress)

We can also use adjectives after verbs like

appear, feel, look, taste and seem.
◦ I feel happy today.
◦ That dress looks beautiful.
◦ His new neighbors seem nice.
We use and between two adjectives after a verb:
That biology exam was long and difficult.
Videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qakXdVoPMT0 *
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmnHYcK4F1I *
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46_M9mS71R8 Order
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qcOfYlMfDz0
 Types of adjectives

Videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2RuO_fseyM&t=35s *Vocabulary practice
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34q3c0O6HoA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wC5GPzMb9BE *Use
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1N1MpESNE6o&t=122s
 Types of adjectives

Exercises:
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/adjectives-adverbs/adjectives/exercises
https://agendaweb.org/grammar/adjectives-intermediate-1.html
 Types of adjectives // Practice people

Videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jq9juAScEdg
Types of adjectives // Practice photos

Videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihIQ8_-49Fo
Types of adjectives // Practice Place
2 Adjectives with –ed and –ing
-ed and –ing adjectives are formed from verbs
Verb: to interest (Example: Football interests me.)
The –ing adjective is formed by adding –ing to the end of the verb:
◦ Interest > interesting

This –ing form is called the present participle. We are using it as an adjective.
◦ I watched an interesting film.

The –ed adjective is formed by adding –ed to the end of the verb:
◦ Interest > interested

This –ed form is called the past participle. We are using it as an adjective.
◦ I am very interested in football.

Videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZtbGbH64mJs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KV0kid6Icqo
Adjectives with –ed and –ing
-ed adjectives
An –ed adjective describe the person (or animal) who has the feeling.
The –ed adjective describes my feeling (I am very interested in football).
-ed adjectives of feeling only describe people (or sometimes animals).
-ed adjectives of feeling do not describe things because thing do not have feelings or emotions.
We often use adjectives that end in –ed to say how people or animals feel:
◦ I was very bored in the math's lesson.
◦ Feeling tired and depressed he went to bed.
◦ My girlfriend is shocked.
◦ He was surprised to see Helen.

We don’t use –ing adjectives to talk about how we feel:

◦ I’m very interested in sport.
 To describe a person (or sometimes animal):
We use an –ing adjective if the person or animal
is the source of a feeling:
Interesting man

Adjectives with –ed and –ing She is boring

The dog is frightening
We use an –ed adjectives if the person or animal
-Ing adjectives: is having the feeling.
He is interested in politics
An –ing adjective describes the cause of the feeling. She is bored
The dog is frightened
An –ing adjective describes the source of the feeling.
An –ing adjectives of feeling can describe people, animals or things.
We use the –ing adjective to describe it. (interesting film)

We use adjectives that end in –ing to describe something that causes our feelings:
◦ This grammar lesson is boring. ( the lesson made us bored)
◦ We’ve had a very tiring day. (the day made us tired)
◦ The end of the film was very surprising. (the end of the film surprised me)

We often use –ing adjectives to ask about something or to give an opinion:

◦ Do you think this grammar app is interesting?
◦ My sister is really boring.
Video practice:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1N1MpESNE6o&t=31s
Exercise: Exercise in books:
http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/multi/eding.htm Advanced grammar in use
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/beginner-to-pre-intermediate/adjectives-ending-in-ed-and-ing Unite 84
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/participle-adjectives-exercise-1.html Grammar in use Intermediate
http://a4esl.org/q/h/9801/dg-eding.html Unite 98
 The diff
er T
Adjecti ence between ip:
ve a
Adverb s describe no djectives and
3 Types of adverb s
adjectiv describe
es, adv
erbs an
u ns .
everyth
i
d whol ng else:
adverb
s:

e sente verbs,
Adverbs describe how, when or where someone does something. n ce s.
Adverbs are describing words.
They add information to something else in your sentence.
Adverbs can describe many different things.
You can use an adverb to describe a verb.
The adverbs add information to the verbs.
Adverbs can be phrases, they aren’t always single words.
Adverbs can add information to adjectives, or even to other adverbs.

Videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXtHCBgbks0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Z5o43Qyqho* frecuencia
Types of adverb
Adverbs describe how, when or where someone does ◦ Most adverbs of manner add –ly to the adjective:
something. There are many different types of adverbs, ◦ Badly (bad)
for example: ◦ Loudly (loud)
◦ Manner (how?): ◦ Slowly (slow)
◦ Carefully slowly ◦ Clearly (clear)
◦ Loudly well
◦ Frequency (how often?): ◦ But adjectives ending –y change y to I and –ly:
◦ Always sometimes ◦ Easily (easy)
◦ Never hourly ◦ Happy (happily)
◦ Time (when?):
◦ Tomorrow now
◦ Soon then
◦ Place (where?):
◦ Above in
◦ Here there
◦ Direction (which way?):
◦ Left up
◦ Right down
 Types of adverb
Adverbs of manner---- after the verb/ verb
phrase
◦ He drives slowly
◦ She sings well
◦ She didn’t handle the situation well.
Adverbs of time/place --- at the end of the
sentence/ phrase
◦ Let’s leave in half an hour.
◦ Is there a bank nearby?
◦ She was here then minutes ago.
Adverbs of degree --- before the word they
describe
◦ It’s absolutely freezing in here!
◦ She took the news very calmly.
Comment adverbs---- at the beginning of the
sentences.
◦ Basically, you’ve got two options.
◦ Eventually, we had to admit that things weren’t
going how we expected.

Adverbs of frequency ----before the main verb

(but after ‘be’ )
◦ I usually get up early
◦ They hardly ever talk to each other
 4 Adverbs and word order
1 After the Verb
We usually put adverbs of manner (e.g.
slowly, happily, carefully, loudly, easily)
after the verb.
If there is an object after the verb, we
put the adverb after the object:
◦ He drove carefully.
◦ He drove the car carefully.
◦ We put adverbs of frequency AFTER:
He plays well.
◦ He plays basketball wee.
2 Before the verb
We use adverbs of frequency to say
how often we do something:
We put adverbs of frequency BEFORE
present and past simple verbs:
◦ I never listen to rock music.
◦ We always walked to work.
◦ The verb to be:
◦ He is always very busy.
◦ We are often late for work.
◦ An auxiliary verb or modal verb (e.g.
have, will, can, must)
◦ I have always done my homework.
◦ We will never eat a raw meat.
3 At the end of sentences
We usually put adverbs of places (e.g.
here, there, at the café) and time (e.g.
yesterday, now, last week, every day,
immediately) at the end of the
sentence:
◦ Anna did her homework yesterday.
◦ She will study later.
◦ He ran with his mom everywhere.
◦ Put the book over there.
◦ The winner is here.
 Adverbs and word order
Adverbs of frequency:

Exercise in books:
Advanced grammar in use
Unite 92-98
Grammar in use Intermediate
Videos: Unite 100-101
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vAHD0rqlj8I
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-cYBbRAitE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Z5o43Qyqho&t=1s
 5 Comparative adjectives (1)
To make comparative adjectives:
◦ We use –er for short words (one syllable):
◦ Small --- Smaller fast--- faster
◦ Late --- later Short---shorter
◦ We use –r for adjectives that end in –e:
◦ Large--- larger nice-nicer
◦ Late ---later Short—shorter
◦ We add another consonant +-er for adjectives that end in vowel + consonant (e.g. –ig, –at, –ot, –in):
◦ Thin--- thinner fat---fatter
◦ Big---bigger hot---hotter
◦ We change –y to –I and add –er for adjectives that end in –y:
◦ Lucky --- luckier friendly---friendlier
◦ Easy--- Easir dry-drier
◦ For most adjectives with two syllables we use more+ adjective:
◦ My mobile is more modern than Lucy’s
◦ This new computer is more useful than my old one.
◦ For adjectives with three or more syllables we always use more + adjective:
◦ Gold is more expensive than silver.
◦ A rose is more beautiful than a daisy.

Exercise:
Videos: https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/comparative_sentences.htm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqueToxC4d4 https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/comparative-adjectives-exercise-1.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewMviIHsbiw https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/adjectives-adverbs/adjectives/compare-exercises
Comparative adjectives (1)
We use comparative adjectives when we compare two or more things, people or places.
◦ His cat is larger than my dog.
◦ James wants to be more popular than Josh.

* We usually use than after comparative adjectives:

◦ She is shorter than her sister.
◦ This fax machine is newer than that one.

We use me, her, etc. not I, she, etc. after than:

◦ Maria is taller than her.

But we can use I, he, she etc. if we put am/is/are after the subject pronoun.
◦ Maria is taller than she is.
◦ I think John is nicer than he is.
Comparative adjectives (1)
We also use comparative adjectives to compare 1 thing, person, or place at different times.
6 Comparative adjectives (2)
We can use comparative adjectives without than when it is clear what or who we are talking
about:
◦ Jan and Barbara are both tall, but Jan’s taller.
◦ The first exam was easy but the second was more difficult.
◦ Don’t take the car. It’s quicker to go by train.

Some comparative adjectives are irregular:

◦ Bad---worse good---better
◦ Far--- further/farther well---better
◦ The conditions they’re living in are worse than we thought.
◦ The book was better than she was before the operation.
◦ I can’t see father than about ten meters.

Exercise:
https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/adjective_adverb/adjective_adverb_index.htm
 Comparative adjectives (2)
The opposite of more is les. We can use less with adjectives with two or more syllables:
◦ Silver is less expensive than gold.
◦ Books are lees exciting than films.

We don’t use less with adjectives with only one syllable (e.g. old, tall, nice, young):
◦ Maria is younger than Alex.

We don’t use more/less with an adjective that is already a comparative adjective:

◦ Mike is funnier than Isaac.

We don’t use more with irregular adjectives:

◦ You dance better than I do.
Exercise in books:
Advanced grammar in use
Unite -
Grammar in use Intermediate
Unite 105-106
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewMviIHsbiw&t=259s comparative adjectives
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mUcDIzc61I Older or elder
7
Superlative adjectives
To make superlative adjectives:
◦ We use –est for most short words (one syllable):
◦ Small--- smallest fast---fastest
◦ Cheap---cheapest short---shortest
◦ We use –st for adjectives that end in –e:
◦ Large--- largest nice---nicest
◦ Late---latest wide---widest
◦ We add another consonant + -est for adjectives
that end in vowel +consonant, (e.g. –ig, -at, -ot, -
in):
◦ Thin--- thinnest fat---fattest
◦ Big---biggesthot---hottest
◦ We chance –y to –I and add –est:
◦ For adjectives that end in –y:
◦ Lucky---luckiest early---earliest
◦ Easy---easiest dry---driest
For most adjectives with two or more syllables
we use the most + adjective:
◦ This is the most interesting book I have ever
read.
◦ Sam is the most handsome boy in the whole
school.
The opposite of most is least. We usually use
the least with adjectives with two or more
syllables:
◦ This is the least harmful chemical in terms of the
environment.
◦ What is the least expensive way of travelling in
Japan?
 Superlative adjectives
We use superlative adjectives when we compare one person/thing with several others.
◦ I am the shortest in my family.
◦ James is the most popular student in the school.

Some superlative adjectives are irregular:

◦ Bad--- worst good---best
◦ Far---furthest/farthest little---least

We use the before superlative adjectives:

◦ He is the best student in the class.

After superlative adjectives we use in before the names of places and groups:
◦ Was that the best one in the town?

We can also use my/your/ his, etc. before superlative adjectives:

◦ Adam is my oldest friend?
◦ What is your happiest memory?

We often use superlatives adjectives+ I’ve ever… you’ve ever… etc. to talk about our experiences: Exercise in books:
◦ This is most interesting book I have ever read.
Advanced grammar in use
◦ What’s the most expensive car you’ve ever bought?
Unite -
Videos: Grammar in use Intermediate
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iykLae3KiXs Unite 108
8 Not as… as, the same (…as)
We use not as + adjective + as to say that one thing is less difficult, interesting, expensive, etc. than
another thing:
◦ It’s not as heavy as I thought it would be, actually.
◦ Tim is not as tall as Robbin.

Compare these examples. They have the same meaning:

◦ Movies are not as interesting as books.
◦ Books are more interesting than movies.

◦ Canada is not as hot as Ecuador.

◦ Ecuador is hotter than Canada.

We use me, him, her, etc. after not as + adjective + as:

◦ She is not as tall as me.
Not as… as, the same (…as)
We use the same + noun (+ as) to compare two things that are equal:
◦ My mother has the same car as my father.
◦ Your jacket is the same color as my shirt.

We use nouns after the same (…as), not adjectives:

◦ The jeans are the same price.

We can also use the same as+ mine, yours, this one, that one, etc:
◦ Your jacket is the same color as mine.
◦ This car is exactly the same as that one.

We can also use not as + adverb + as:

Exercise in books:
◦ I don’t wear T-shirt as often as John.
Advanced grammar in use
◦ Josh doesn’t play as well as Alex. Unite 89
Grammar in use Intermediate
Unite 107
9
Too, enough
Too and enough describe the degree (level) of something.
Too:
We use too + adjective if something is bigger or more than we want or like:
◦ This coffee is too sweet. (sweeter than I want)
◦ I cant sleep. It’s too hot. (hotter than I want)

We use too + adverb if something is faster, later, etc. than is good or safe:
◦ You’re driving too fast. (faster than is safe)
◦ I got up too late and missed the bus.

Compare too and very:

◦ It’s very hot today. (this is fact)
◦ It’s too hot today. (It’s hotter than I want or like)

We use too + adjective + to do something to say why something isn’t possible:

◦ It’s too cold to sit outside.
◦ I was too excited to sleep.
Too
Too, enough
Not enough:
We use adjective/adverb + enough if something is the correct size, amount, speed, etc. for what we want:
◦ The rope isn’t long enough.
◦ She didn’t move quickly enough.
◦ He wants to join the army when he’s old enough.

We use enough as an adverb AFTER adjective or adverb.

◦ Is this box big enough for all hose books?

We can also use (not) enough before a plural or uncountable noun:

◦ Do we have enough teacups for ten people?
◦ I don’t have enough money.

We use not + adjective + enough + to do something to sat why something isn’t possible:
◦ It isn’t warm enough to sit outside.
◦ My sister isn’t old enough to vote.
 Exercise in books:
Advanced grammar in use
Unite -
Grammar in use Intermediate

enough
Unite 103

Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuGB2Pf72sg minute 19 exercise
10 Adverbs of degree
With verbs:
We use (very) much and a lot to make verbs stronger:
◦ She loves her children very much.
◦ You cannot expect much of him.
◦ Alex complains a lot.

We use a little and a bit to make verbs weaker:

◦ I can play the guitar a little.
◦ It annoys me a bit.

We put these adverbs after the verb and object:

◦ I like skiing very much.
Adverbs of degree
With adjectives/adverbs:
We use really, very and extremely to make adjectives and adverbs stronger:
◦ She’s really nice.
◦ They played extremely well.
◦ My new car goes really fast.
◦ The situation is very serious.

We can use fairly or quiet to make adjectives and adverbs weaker:

◦ I saw her fairly recently.
◦ You’ve made your position quite clear.
◦ She’s fairly tall.
◦ He had been quite good at drawing when he was at school.
Adverbs of degree
Whit comparative adjectives.
To describe a big difference between things we use much of a lot:
◦ I’m feeling a lot better today.
◦ He looks a lot older than his wife.
◦ Russian is much larger than England.

To describe a small difference between things we use a little or a bit to make verbs weaker:
◦ She seemed to be getting a little better.
◦ The climate in New Zealand was a bit nicer than we had expected.

Exercise in books:
Advanced grammar in use
Unite 92
Grammar in use Intermediate
Unite -
Listening Videos
Comparatives and superlatives - 6 Minute Grammar
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FAhpT7BH7GE
'Too', 'very' and 'enough' - 6 Minute Grammar
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5UxMyCxQThE
Adverbs of frequency: The Grammar Gameshow Episode 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5ld4J3_kTk

Adjectives: The Grammar Gameshow Episode 18

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zX4xVqhMoEg
Superlatives: The Grammar Gameshow Episode 21
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfQh-Dg2Ggo
The + adjectives - English In A Minute
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMkf54nX0C4