Workbook

Pre-Intermediate
Teacher's Book

Virginia Evans - Jenny Dooley

Express Publishing
Unit Read Му Lips .......................................................................................... р. 4
Unit 2 In the PubIic Еуе .................................................................................... р. 8
Unit 3 Around the World ................................................................................ р. 12
Unit 4 Traveller's Tales....................................................................................... р. 16
Unit 5 Enjoy Reading......................................................................................... р. 20
Unit 6 Extinct Animals ...................................................................................... р. 24

Unit 7 А Ghostly Welcome ............................................................................. р. 28

Unit 8 Hard Times ............................................................................................. р. 32

Unit 9 Lost Civilisations ................................................................................... р. 36

Unit 10 Citizens 2050 ......................................................................................... р. 40

Unit 11 "Narrow Escapes..................................................................................... р. 44

Unit 12 Ancient Buildings ................................................................................... р. 48

Unit 13 Nature's Fury ......................................................................................... р. 52

Unit 14 Tricky Jobs............................................................................................... р. 56

Unit 15 Panic is Rare ........................................................................................... р. 60

Unit 16 The Great Fire of London .................................................................. р. 64

Unit 17 Scary but Lovely to Watch .................................................................. р. 68

Unit 18 ProbIems of the Planet ........................................................................ р. 72

Unit 19 Quality ог Quantity? ............................................................................ р. 76

Unit 20 Nature's Secret Art............................................................................... р. 80

Unit 21 А Return to the Big Screen ................................................................ р. 84

Unit 22 Great Inventions.................................................................................... р. 88

Suggested Answers Section .................................................................................................... р. 93

 Read my Lips
We сап form adjectives Ьу adding various
suffixes to nouns and verbs.
.. Adjectives ending in -ful, -ive, -ous, -у, -Iy,
1 Read the text and underline the correct
-аЫе describe sb or sth as having the quality
adjective, as in the example.
expressed Ьу the noun or verb.
success ~ successful wave ~ wavy
ас! ~ active friend ~ friendly
Му older brother, Тот, ;5 а (ате ~ famous сотГог! ~ comfortabIe
5;nger. Не ;5 al50 ту be5t fr;end. .. Adjectives ending in -аbIеl-ibIе сопуеу the idea
Не
;5 а( n) 1) active/caring/ of sth that is possibIe to do (or сап Ье done).
he/pfu/ brother. I гететЬег accept ~ acceptabIe (it сап Ье accepted)
h;m 5;tt;ng ир w;th те a/l n;ght rely ->- reliabIe (they сап Ье relied оп)
оnсе when I had а fever аnа resist ~ resistabIe О! сап Ье resisted)
could not 5lеер. Тот ;5 very
2) generous/sensitive/decisive аnа 3 form adjectives Ьу adding suffixes to the
often br;ng5 и5 pre5ent5 back from
following nouns and verbs.
the countr;e5 he V;5;t5. When he' 5 not work;ng, Тот ;5
а(n) 3) confident//azy/active реГ50n who enjoY5
cl;mblng, 5ai!;ng аnа cycling. Не al50 ha5 а really Nouns/Verbs Adjective
4) outgoing//oya//co-operative per50nal;ty аnа love5 careful
care
meeting new people. Тот i5 а 5) reserved/.determined/
attract attractive
se/f-centred реГ50n аnа оnсе he decide5 to ао
adventure adventurous
50mething, nothing сап 5tOP him. Не i5 al50 very
б) ambitious/carefu//responsibIe аnа practi5e5 every coward
аау Ьесаи5е he want5 to Ье а 5ucce55ful singer. boss
However, he tend5 to Ье а blt 7) shy/.stubborn/ digest
disorganised at time5, refU5ing to admit that he тау desire desirabIe
Ье wrong about 50mething. Тот сап al50 Ье rather silk
8) bossy/arrogant/se/fjsh; he like5 giving огаеГ5 to courage courageous
other5. co-operate
A/I in a/l, Тот i5 very 5pecial to те а5 he i5 alwaY5
there when I nееа him.
Compound adjectives are formed with two or
more words and we usually put а hyphen
between them. These words сап Ье:
.. ап adjective + noun -(e)d
а green-eyed Ьоу
2 fШ in the correct word from the list. Then,
.. а noun + past participle
use the phrases to make sentences.
а self-centred person
oval, pretty, hooked, curly, early,full, handsome,
.. а noun + adjective
green,average,bushy
а self-confident person

1 curly hair 6 а(п) pretty woman 4 Rewrite the sentences using the right
2 hooked nose 7 average height compound adjective from the list to replace
3 fulllips 8 eyebrows the words in bold.
4 green eyes 9 teens self-reliant, kind-hearted, metal-framed,
5 а(п) handsome тап 10 а(п) oval face curly-haired, tongue-tied

1 John is the Ьоу with the curly hair.

John is the curly-haired

4
 D

Head mу Lips
2 Susan wears glasses with metal 1rames. 7 Match the people in the pictures A-D to
Susan wears metal-framed glasses. the descriptions (1-4). Then, using the same
3 Matthew is so n~rvous at interviews that he cannot words, describe them.
say а word. SU!;:1gE~stE~d Answers ..... 0/'..'1'1""'''''\
Mathew is so nervous at interviews that he is elderly, quite plump, grey hair, small
tongue-tied. dark eyes, thin lips, floral bIouse
4 Rachel is а person who doesn't rely оп others.
2 young, short, oval face,
Rachel is а self-reliant person.
dark curly hair, big dark eyes,
5 Не is а warm and generous тап.
wide smile, T-shirt,
Не is а kind-hearted тап.
dungarees

3 mid-thirties, slim, high

Some adjectives form their opposites Ьу
cheekbones, long curly hair,
adding certain prefixes. Some common
prefixes that form opposites are: short neck, long nose, tired
eyes, jumper
un-: attractive ~ unattractive
in-: dependent ~ independent 4 quite old, bushy white eyebrows,
dis-: organised ~ disorganised white beard and moustache, wrinkles,
bIue eyes, smart jacket
If the adjective begins with 1, т/р or r we add il-,
im-, or ir- respectively.
The woman in picture О is e/der!y
/ega/ ~ iIIegal; тогаl ~ immoral and quite р!uтр. She 's got grey
polite ~ impolite; regu/ar -)- irregu/ar hair, small dark eyes and thin Iips.
She's wearing а flora! b/ouse.
5 Fill in the gaps with the opposites of the
words in bracl<ets.

1 Timothy can't make decisions easily; he is

indecisive. (DECISIVE)
2 Maggie is far too impatient to Ье а teacher. 8 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
(PATIENT) tense, Present Simple or Present Cont;nuous.
3 Oon't believe what he says; he's dishonest.
(HONEST) 1 Her new perfume smells (smell) like spring flowers.
4 You cannot depend оп him to help you with уош 2 Peter is seeing (see) his girlfriend tonight.
work; he is totally irresponsibIe. (RESPONSIBLE) 3 Have you seen Mary's new haircut? It looks (Iook)
5 Although he is fifty years old, he still behaves like а great.
child. Everyone agrees that he is immature. 4 Oid you put sugar inthe coffee? It tastes (taste)
(MATURE) bitter.
6 Cathy made some insensitive remarks about 5 You haven't said а word. What аге you thinking
Ann's new dress. (SENSITIVE) (think) about?
6 Му mother is listening (listen) to her favourite radio
programme right now.
6 Match the words to their opposites. 7 Му brother does not enjoy (not/enjoy) going to the
cinema.
8 00 you know (you/know) what time the concert
starts?
~
1 generous d а sad
9 She speaks French, but she comes (соте) from
2 cheerful а Ь distant
talkative Spain.
3 outgoing е с
1О The greengrocer is (weigh) the grapes
4 friendly Ь d теап

reserved now.
5 quiet с е
11 I feel (1eel) depressed every time 1 hear that song.
6 роlitе f 1 rude

5
 Head my Lips
9 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
tense, Present Simple or Present Cont;nuous.

А: Сап I help you, sir?

11 а) Match the exchanges, then, in pairs, act
В: Yes, please. I (1) ат looking (Iook) for а birthday
out the dialogue.
present for ту wife.
А: I see. What kind of things (2) does she like ["[@J А: What is your best friend's пате, Sue?
(she/like)? [I@] А: How long have уои known ОеЬЫе?
В: Oh, she (3) enjoys (enjoy) books оп interior @I§J А: What does she look like? Is she pretty?
decorating and she (4) loves (Iove) Latin music. @Е] А: What is she like?
А: How about this book then? It (5) has (have) over а [[@J А: That's good. Do уои get оп well?
hundred pages of different ways to decorate уош
home and lots qf рiсtшеs, too. а В: Yes, we do. We have а lot in соттоп and we
В: I (6) ат not (not/be) sше about that. Is there never argue.
anything else you could show те? Ь В: Oh yes. She's got long bIonde hair and bIue eyes.
А: Well, sir, 1 (7) believe (Ьеliеуе) this set of COs Ьу с В: Her name's ОеЬЫе.
Latin bands is ап excellent choice. Уош wife will d В: Since I was five years old.
enjoy it very much. е В: Oh, she's very friendly and kind.
В: How much is it?
А: It (8) costs (cost) Е25. It's а special offer. Ь) Now ask your partner about а friend or
В: Okay, then. I just (9) hope (hope) she won't play relative of his/hers. Use the phrases in
the music too loud because I (10) hate (hate) Latin bold in the dialogue and the ideas below
music! to talk about this person.
She's very attractive/He's very handsome ... ,
since I was three years old/for seven years ... ,
generous/sociabIe/cheerful/ sensitive/active/self-
1О Read the text about Janet. Then ask and
confident, enjoy doing the same things/have t~le
answer questions using words from the list.
same sense of humour/tell each other
how old, how often, what, when, where everything/have very interesting conversations
(See Suggested Answers Section)
(8s' own answers)
А: How old is Janet?
В: She is in her late thirties.

This is Janet. She' 5 in her

late thirties аnа she' 5 tall
аnа slim with shoulder-
length brown hair аnа
dark Ыuе eyes. The full stop is used at the end of sentences
Janet is а pi/ot with а (not direct questions or exclamations). e.g. Не is
canadian airline сотрапу. а /awyer.
Не, job isn't аn easy оnе,
The сотта is used
as she flies from Toronto а) when we use more than опе adjective to
every week. Janet wears а
describe something (but not after the last
dark Ыuе uniform when she is working, but
during her free time she usually wears jeans adjective). I've got /ong, brown, curfy hair.
аnа T-shirts. Ь) to separate items in а list (but not before and).
Janet is аn energetic person. She loves skiing I need а /oaf of bread, ten slices of cheese, two
аnа horse ricling. She often goes horse riding cans of Coke and а carton of milk, p/ease.
when she has free time. At the moment she' 5 The apostrophe is used
taking her horse back to the stabIe to feed it. а) in contracted forms. Isn't =
is not.
Ь) with possessives. It's John's.

6
 Head mу Lips

12 Punctuate the following paragraph. а His favourite hobby is collecting T-shirts.

Ь AII in all, "т glad to have such а great cousin and
Omar's ту best friend. Не comes from Могоссо and friend.
is now staying in England with his aunt, uncle and two с Sam has ап outgoing personality.

cousins. He's got short, bIack, curly hair and а lovely d Sam and I аге cousins and best friends.
smile. Отаг wants to Ье а doctor when he's older and е Sam is twelve years old.

his favourite subject is Biology.

с) Which paragraph describes: the writer's

When we write ап article describlng а person relationship to this person? 1 the
we usually write five paragraphs. In the person's hobbles and interests? 4 physical
introduction, we give general information saying appearance? 2 character? 3
when, where and how we first met them. 'П the
we main body, we describe the person's physical d) What personal qualities does the writer
арреагапсе (Рага 2), their character (Рага 3) and mention? What justifications/examples
their hobbles/interests (Рага 4). We always does he/she give?
es.
include examples to justify our ideas (e.g. Не is (See Suggested Answers -";CI,,,1"Г'У"\
selfish. Не cares only about himself.) In the
conclusion, we write our feelings/comments
е) Which sentence would уои use to end ап
about the person.
article describlng а person? 2
1 Оп the other hand, he/she does have some
13 а) Read the rubric and underline the key
negative qualities.
words.
w 2 "т sure we'll always Ье friends.
Your teacher has asked you to write а short 3 Moreover, he/she has some interesting and
article for the school magazine describlng your unusual hobbies.
best friend. Write your article describlng your
If- friend and talking about his character and
hobbles. 14 а) Read the rubric and underline the key
words. Then, answer the questions in the
plan.
Ь) Read the article and fШ in the
~rs) missing topic sentences, а-е. (А " А teens magazine has asked its readers to write
topic sentence is а sentence ап article describlng their best friend. Write
which summarises what а your article (120-180 words).
paragraph is about.)
UЫJ His family lives in ту neighbourhood and we
grew up together so we've known each other all our lives. Plan
~ He's tall and slim with short fair hair and green Introduction:
Рага 1: What is his/her пате?
eyes. Не usually wears dark bIue jeans and T-shirts.
~ He's very sociabIe and makes new friends How do you know each other?
easily. He's good at thinking up new games to play Main Body:
Рага 2: What does he/she look like?
because he's very imaginative. However, he сап Ье
quite noisy. For example, he likes honking the horn Para 3: What is he/she like? Give examples.
when riding his bike, driving all the neighbours mad! Para 4: What are his/her hobbies/interests?
@I§] His dad is а pilot and he brings Sam T-shirts СОl1сlцsjоn:

from all over the world. Sam's а really good basketball Para 5: How do you feel about him/her?
own answers)
player, too. Оп Saturdays, we get together with friends
for а team match, and we usually win.
Ь) Use your answers from Ех. 14а to write
[§lli] А weekend with him сап Ье pretty exhausting your article. Уои сап use the article in
but, then again, lifе is never boring with Sam around! Ех. I ЗЬ as а model. own answers),

7
 10 Ihe Public Iуе

1 Look at the dictionary entry, the terms and the grammar codes below. Then, use your dictionary
to look up the words in the tabIe below and complete the missing information.

pronunciation part of speech t Ь/ GRAMMAR CODES

headword \ 1~coиna е parts of speech
mermaid /'mз:mеId/ n[c]) (in fairy stories)
а woman who has got the tail ог а f/sh instead n = noun adj=adjective
[с] = countabIe =
adv adverb
ог legs and lives in the sea
[u] = uncountabIe =
prep preposition
v =verb
definition

Headword Pronunciation Part of speech [с] [u] Definition

pottery Ipoteril n u things made of clay

shyness IJаIпеsl n u lack of confidence
currently Ikl\Гentlil adv happening now
reveal Iпvi:11 v uncover
down-to-earth Id?on tu з/81 adj practical
without IWIO?IJtI ргер not have sth

Ь) Underline the correct word.

We сап form adjectives Ьу adding the
suffixes -0/, -ed, -ing to nouns and verbs:
Adjectives ending in -аl describe sb or sth as being
related to the thing the original noun refers to.
experiment -+- experimenta/, philosophy -+- philosophica/
Adjectives ending in -ed express the state of а
person or thing. interest -+- interested, retire -+- retired
Adjectives ending in -ing show the effect that sth
has оп sb. interest -+- interesting, amuse -+- amusing
1 We should all care about ош E?hysical/natural fitness.
2 "уе met а lot of nice/sympathetic people during ту
holiday abroad. They were friendly and pleasant.
3 Tim felt alone/lonely because all his friends were
оп ho!iday.
4 He's а very sensitive/sensibIe person. Не always
listens to his friends' probIems.
5 I got bored/boring as the film was not interesting at all.

2 Form adjectives Ьу adding suffixes to the

following nouns and verbs. Relativ1e Cla,uses
1 practice practical 4 complicate complicated Relative clauses modify nouns and are
2 talent talented 5 type typed, typical introduced Ьу:
3 excite excited, exciting 6 relax relaxed, relaxing а) relative pronouns
(who, whom, whose,
which or that) which join the relative clause
э а) Look ир the following pairs of words that to the main clause.
people often confuse in your dictionary. Ь) relative adverbs (when, where, why).
physical/natural, nice/sympathetic, alone/lonely, There are two kinds of relative clauses:
sensitive/sensibIe, bored/boring. defining and non-defining.
(See Suggested Answers

8
 10 the PubIic Iye

Defining Relative Clauses
These clauses define the subject о.,. object of
the main clause. There is по соmmа before
а defining relative clause. We сап omit the
,ry relative pronoun when it is the object of the
relative clause but we cannot omit it w~en
it is the subject.
• We use who/whom/that for people.
There's the Ьоу who/that won ftrst prize.
Here's the тап (who/that) I told уои about last
week.
• We use which/thatJor things/animals.
I read а' book whichli:hat was very boring.
This is the dress (whichlthat) I bought last week.
Whose/of which express possession and
cannot Ье omitted.
• We use whose for people/things/animals.
This is the тап whose son lives in Paris.
This is the house whose residents have Ьееп
away for months.
• We use of which for things/animals.
This is the room the windows of which need
repairing.
Non .. defining relative clauses
ess. We сап use non-defining relative clauses to
,ту
give extra information about the subject о.,.
object of the main clause. These sentences are
vere separated from the main clause Ьу commas
and, еуеп if we leave them out, the main clause
,ays stШ makes sense.
а) Mary looks very nice; she is the new secretary.
ltall. who Mary, who ;s the new secretary, looks
very nice.
The Browns live n,ext door; their son is а dentist.
whose The Browns, whose son is а dentist, live
next door.
6 Albert's the тап you should see about уош
garden.
7 That's the girl whose father is а circus performer.
8 Mrs Black, whose cat died last week, is moving to
Bristol.
9 That's the tabIe whose legs need mending.
10 There's the house (that) I was talking about.
5 Make опе sentence from each pair of
sentences using the relative pronouns in bold.
1 Tim is Lucy's brother; he loves basketball.
who Tim, who loves basketball, is Lucy's
brother.
2 Апп is very upset; her trip was cancelled.
whose Апп, whose trip was cancelled, is very
upset.
3 Those women аге German; they're talking to the
bus driver.
who Those women, who аге talking to the bus
driver, аге German.
4 This article is interesting; it talks about Indian music.
which This article, which talks about Indian
music, is interesting.
5 Helen called two minutes ago. Нег mother is ill.
whose Helen, whose mother is ill, called two
minutes ago.
Relative Adverbs
Time: when (= in/on/at which)
1876 was the year when the telephone was invented.
Place: where (= in/at/on/to which)
That's the hotel where we spent our summer holiday.
Reason: why (= for which)
Lack ог qualiftcations was the reason (why) she
didn't get the job.
6 FШ in: when, where о.,. why.

4 FШ in who, which, that о.,. whose where 1 This is the town where I grew up.
necessary. 2 00 you know the reason why she was crying
yesterday?
1 Наггу is the тап with bIack hair which (that) is 3 The Star restaurant, where I worked for а while, has
starting to turn grey. closed down.
2 The саг which (that) is parked outside is John's. 4 1'11 never forget the day when I first started school.
3 That's the тап who (that) fixed ту саг. 5 There аге several reasons I can't go to the раПу.
4 That's Mrs Smith, whose husband is а surgeon.
5 There's а concert оп tonight (which/that) I'd like to
see.
9
 10 'Ье PubIic Iун

уош personal life. Jошпаlists always want to

Prepositions сап соте either before relative
pronouns 01'" at the end of the relative clause.
This is the 'house in which Shakespeare lived. (formal)
This is the house (which) Shakespeare lived in. (informal)
you, photographers always try to take photos of
even dшiпg уош most 6) .... moments, and уош
becomes а nightmare. Famous people do have lots
топеу, and people recognise them and 7) ....

Also: This is the house where Shakespeare lived. admiration, but how much of it сап they take?
So the next time you start dreaming 8) .... being
Note: Who and that are not used after prepositions.
star, perhaps you should stop and Ье thankful
This is the Ьоу with whom I went out. (formal)
you're ап ordinary person after all.
This is the Ьоу (who) I went out with. (informal)
N ОТ: This is Жс Ьв;' y'.'itR 'v~(Re ! y','Cl'/t eblt.
1 А glad happy® С delighted
2 @cause make В С take
'1 Rewrite the sentences, as in the example. 3 А see В think © know
(See Suggested Answers Section) 4 @makes В puts С does
That's the office bIock where ту mother works. 5 А As When ® С Whether
That's the оfПсе bIock in which ту mother works. 6 А atomic В close © private
He's the person for whom 1 wrote that report.
I
I
7 А say ®
express с tell
project оп which we were working is finished.
I
8 А оп of
J _______________________
I ® С in
--_ .... - ........ -- ........ __ _-----
..... .....
I
i$ the сhшсh in which ту parents were married.
is the shopkeeper I had ап argument with.

9 а) FШ in the gaps with the words and

phrases from the list, then, in pairs, read
the dialogue aloud.
how тапу, how often, when, how long
А: didn't know you could play the piano, Sarah.
In а multiple choke cloze text, you аге given а
1) When did you start having lessons?
text with gaps. You have to fШ in the gaps Ьу
В: When I was about six years old.
choosing the correct item from а list of chokes.
А: Really? So 2) how long have you Ьееп playing,
Steps exactly?
• Read through the whole text carefully to В: Let те see ... it must Ье eight years, now.
understand what it is about. А: Wow! З) How often do you practise?
• Read the text again, sentence Ьу sentence, В: I usually practise for ап hour every evening, but I
and choose the item that best fits each gap. practise more when I ат studying for ап ехат.
• Read the text again to see if your choices А: 4) How тапу exams have you taken?
make sense.
В: Six. I'm taking ту seventh ехат in June.
А: That's great! You must Ье very good.
8 Choose the correct item.
Ь) Now, йп pairs, use the prompts below to
It is easy to believe that rich and famous people are replace the phrases in bold and act out
1) .... , but if you do, think again. Both топеу and fame similar dialogues.
сап 2) .... serious probIems. (See Answers Section)
То start with, when you are successful you never З) ....
1 dance, eight years old, three hours а week, fош, fifth
who уош геаl friends are, which 4) .... it difficult to trust in January
people. Another ргоЫет is the lack of privacy. 5) .... you 2 play the guitar, ten years old, five hошs а week, two,
are famous, the pubIic wants to know everything about third in March

10
 а

10 the PubIic Еуе

с) Replace the words/phrases in bold in

згviеw
Ех. I Оа with the expressions listed.
f you,
ur life То sum up, This way, One point of view in

ots of favour ... , For instance, In addition to this,

for-and-against essay is an argumentative essay Оп the other hand, Finally
their we discuss the advantages and disadvantages
(See Suggested Answers Section)
а specific topic.ln the introduction, we stat~ the
~ing а In the main body, we present the points for
11 that
11 Mark the arguments йп section А as F (fOl")
against with our justifications/examples in or А (against) and then match them to thle
paragraphs.ln the conclusion, we write а justifications/examples in section В.
h,",l,",n,~ar1 consideration of the topic and/or we state
- - - --t opinion. Each argument presented, either for А
ted :I against, has to Ье justified and/or supported Ьу
I 1 А, а
have to арреаг ог behave perfectly wherever
I
I
I theyare
I
I 2 А, с сап Ье photographed wherever they go
I

,ег
I

: 1О а) Read the rubric and underline the key 3 F, Ь have ап easier life
I
I
words. Then read the essay and complete 4 F, d their names аге known Ьу everyone
I
I
I
the missing sentences.
I в
I
_____ lI "Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of
I а they always have to look their best
___________________________________________ r
Ь celebrities get the best hotel rooms/the most

Have you ever dreamt of being an actor? The acting : efficient service wherever they go
с whatever they do could Ье reported in the next
profession тау sound glamorous to most of us, but the :
day's newspapers
truth is that there are advantages and disadvantages to а :I
d they feel they аге doing something
life in acting. :I worthwhile/have а better understanding of their
The main advantage of being an actor is that it is а :
'ead role in the world
I
I
creative job. [@] As а result, many of them соте to :
I
: terms with the bad aspects of their character and:
I I
12 а) Read the rubric and underline the key
: develop the good ones. Furthermore, тапу people аге : words. Then answer the questions in the
;arah.
:I impressed Ьу actors. г2fal
~ :I plan.
However, the greatest disadvantage is lack of privacy. : Your teacher has asked you to write an essay
i I

:~ What is тоге, at the beginning of their careers they : discussing the topic 'Being Famous Isn't Always
Iying,
: have to struggle with
I .
роог рау and long hours.~ I
I
Easy.' Write your essay (120-180 words).
: AII in all, being an actor means little ог по privacy and :
Plan
: long hours of practice for little reward. However, it сап:
:I help you discover many things about yourself and опе :I
Introduction:
but I Para 1: How could you start уош essay?
n. : day you might play the leading role in а film.
I I
, _________________________________________________ Т
I I
m~irJBody:
Рага 2: What аге уош arguments for? Justify them.
а They often envy their lifestyles and fame.
Para 3: What аге уош arguments against? Justify them.
Ь For example, they have to go to а lot of auditions
СqпсJчs iО ,,:
beforethey get а small part in а play ог film.
Рага 4: How could you sum up уош arguments?
с It's quite common to see famous actors being
rto (See Suggested Answers Section)
mobbed Ьу their fans while having dinner ог coffee.
lut
d An actor, Ьу playing different characters during Ь) Use your answers in Exs I ОЬ, I I and 12а to
their career, has the chance to express different write your essay. Start like this: "Have уоu
:tion)
aspects of their own personality. ever wondered what it would Ье like to Ье
г, fifth famous? If уоu think that life would Ье а bed
Ь) What arguments 'for' and 'against' does of roses уои could Ье in for а surprise."You
, two, the writer use? In which paragraphs? сап use the essay in Ех. 10 as а model.
(See Suggested Answers Section) (See Suggested Answers Section)

11
 Around Ihe World
Adjectives which
а) describe weather conditions,
Ь) refer to physical feelings sb experiences
1 Match the words to their opposites. end in -у.
wind -* windy, hunger -* hungry

1 sunny с аdisgusting
2 clean е Ь horribIe
4 Fill in the gaps with the correct adjective.
3 delicious а с dull
4 fabulous Ь d noisy 1 The salty (salt) chips made те quite thirsty (thirst).
5 quiet~d е dirty 2 The weather оп holiday wasn't hot and sunny (sun)
but very cloudy (cloud) and rainy (rain).
3 It's quite foggy (fog) tonight; I don't think it's safe
2 Underline the correct word. to drive home.

1 We must try/test the brakes of the саг before we

set out оп ош journey.
2 The old/ancient тап had а wrinkled face.
3 The Ьоу tried to steal/rob sweets from the согпег shop.
4 Сап I have some time to think/consider over уош
proposal before I give you ап answer? 'Уее is used with perfect tenses in
5 We swam in the crystal clear/clean waters of the interrogative and negative sentences.
Mediterranean Sea. Have уои called him yet?
6 After dinner, 1 always have а piece of chocolate cake I haven't (inished yet.
for desert/dessert.
7 The children's laughter feels/fills the house with joy. 'Already' is used with perfect tenses in
affirmative and interrogative sentences.
She has already paid the bilI.
Certain pairs or groups of words are used Has she posted the letters already?
together very frequently. These special word
comblnations are called collocations. The 5 FШ in yet or already.
most important collocations are formed Ьу:
Mum: Haven't you done уош homework (1) yet ?
• ап adjective + а noun а
big house Jane: Nearly! I've (2) already finished ту Maths and
• а уегЬ + an adverb to think serious/y
English homework.
• ап adverb + ап adjective terribIy disappointed
Mum: Have you studied for the History test (3) yet/
• ап adjective + adverb scared stiff
already?
Jane: The test is next week. I have plenty of time.
3 FШ in the correct word from the list below. Mum: You have (4) already failed two History tests. I
Which kind of collocation do they belong to? suggest you start studying right away.
frozen, bitterly, rain, sunny, dark, awful, fierce, Jane: But Mum, I have (5) already arranged to go
unbearabIy out with ту friends.
Mum: They haven't соте (6) yet. Call them and tell
1 dark clouds (adj+noun) 6 rain heavily (verb+adv)
them you have to stay in tonight.
2 а(п) sunny/awful day 7 а(п) fierce storm
(adj+noun) (adj+noun)
3 frozen stift (adj+adv) 8 sunny/awful weather since (= from а starting point in the past)
since 1990
4 bitterly cold (adv+adj) (adj+noun)
for (= оуег а period of time)
5 unbearabIy hot
for two years
(adv+adj)

12
 •
Around the World
7 How long have you Ьееп (you/work)
6 in since о ... (or.
here?
Katherine has Ьееп' а teacher (1) since 1995. She has 8 Не has made (make) ten phone calls since this
lived [п the агеа (2) 10r а уеаг and has made тапу morning.
friends (3) since she moved here. She has managed to
save а lot 01 топеу (4) since she started workit}g. She
hasn't had а holiday (5) for two years so she is looking 8 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
forward to going to Egypt [п the spring.
tense, Past Simple, Present Perfect о ... Present
Perfect Cont;nuous.
ive.
Present Perfect is used for: Life оп the tiny Caribbean island of Antigua (1)
:hirst). been (Ье) the same for centuries. The few hundred
а) recently completed actions.
, (sun)
She has just poste'd а letter. inhabitants of the island (2) have
Ь) past actions which have а visibIe result [п the (always/live) а quiet life, growing their own vegetabIes
s safe present. and catching fish.
I've laid the tabIe. (We сап see that the tabIe is /aid.) This nearly (3) changed (change), however, when
с) personal experiences or changes. а group of hotel developers (4) visited (visit) the island.
!'уе Ьееп to Paris. She's put оп weight. They (5) offered (offer) to buy the houses and land of
d) recent actions when the time is not mentioned. the locals so as to build а huge resort. The Antiguans
He's visited Brazil. (6) refused (refuse) to sell. When the hotel developers
е) with today, this morning, when these periods (7) realised (realise) that the islanders wouldn't
are not over at the moment of speaking.
change their minds, they (8) left (lеауе)
He's typed ten reports this morning. (It's still
Antiguans (9) have enjoyed (enjoy) their
morning.)

Present Perfect Continuous is used for:

а) actions which began [п the past and are still
going оп.
They've Ьееп working оп this project since
Monday.
Ь) past actions which lasted for some time and
have visibIe results in the present.
He's tired because he has Ьееп jogging for 9 Match the sentences to the explanations.
t? hours.
1 Jo has gone to Brazil. с а She has visited Brazil,
lS and emphasis оп duration.
He's Ьееп working here for twenty-two years. 2 Магу has Ьееп to but now she is home.
Brazil. а Ь She hasn't соте back
3) yet/
3 Lucy has Ьееп [п Brazil yet.
for а month. Ь с She is staying there.
me. 7 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
tests. I tense, Present Per(ect о... Present Per(ect
Continuous.
1О Choose the correct item.
to go 1 Susan has not returned (not/return) from her
1 John .............. letters since he сате [п this morning.
skiing holiday yet.
лd tell 2 We have just moved (just/move) [п,
А was typing В typed © has Ьееп typing
3 I have not seen (not/see) Thomas since 1995. 2 The children ............ cartoons when their father
4 Sue has Ьееп cleaning (clean) for the past three сате home.
hours. А have watched с watched
5 Cindy has never Ьееп (never/be) to the United ® were watching
States.
3 The dinner she ........... for us was delicious.
6 She has Ьееп revising (revise) for the exams since
Monday.
А was cooking ® cooked С has Ьееп cooking

13
 Around 'Ье World
_L __________________________________________ _

4 They ............ in Manchester since 1994. I

:. It's а
long time since I went to the park.
А were living В lived © have Ьееп living Ьееп I haven't Ьееп to the park for а long time.
5 She ........... hard all day, and now she is exhausted. :. The last time I ate out was а week ago.
А was working В worked © has Ьееп working :I have I have по' eaten ои' for а week.
:. Susan last went out two months ago.
6 Paul eats too much - he ............ оп weight. I
I
Ьееп Susan has по' Ьееп out for two months.
А was putting В put © has put I

~----------------------------------------------

7 The helicopter ......... over the forest when we saw it.

®was flying В flew С has Ьееп flying 1 Не has never swum in а swimming рооl before.
first It's the first иmе he has swum in а
8 Brenda .......... up Christmas decorations, when
swimming pool.
suddenly theChristmas tree fell over and landed оп
top of her. 2 I started taking driving lessons three weeks ago.
®was hanging В hung С has Ьееп hanging have I have Ьееп taking driving lessons for three
weeks.
3 How long ago did she get married?
since How long is it since she got married?
4 They haven 't decorated the house yet.
stШ They still haven't decorated the house.
5 It's а long time since I watched а horror film.
have I haven't watched а horror film for а long
time.
Guidelines
6 They last played tennis two weeks ago.
In this type of exercise you have to r'nrv'!>'..... "'.... "'"

for They haven't played tennis for two weeks.

the second sentence so that it has а ~ln,""IB~.1"
meaning to the first one. You must use
to five words, including the word given
bold. Contracted words count as two
e.g. it-'s, he~s~ etc. You mustn't change the
word. The beginning and ending of the
sentence have Ьееп written for you. Guidelines
this type of exercise you are given
11 Study the following examples, then о... а whole text. Some of

complete the sentences using the words in are correct but others have а
ClCO>lt"IIf""':'nl"ICO>C

bold. Use two to five words. The first one should not Ье there. In Exercise 12
has been done as an example. milstclkE~S have to do with wrong formation
telnSE~S and the adverbs which go with
-----------------------------------------------~ the sentences carefully, put а tick
:. Kim started guitar lessons two months ago. the ones which are correct and cross
I
has Kim has Ьееп taking guitar lessons for unnecessary word in the others.
two months.
• She hasn't cooked dinner yet.
stШ She stШ hasn't cooked dinner. 12 Tick (tI) the correct sentences or cross out
• How long ago/When did you graduate from (Х) the unnecessary word.
university?
since How long is it since уои graduated from 1 We haven't ~ finished packing.
university? 2 They discussed the details in the last meeting . .1
• I have never Ьееп оп а safari before. 3 Have you ~ tasted Indian сшгу?
4 Не likes telling jokes . .1
first It's the first time I have Ьееп оп а safari.
I
I 5 They have Ьееп swimming for half ап hour . .1
--------------------------------------------Т

14
 Around the orld
---1-
Ь) Put the in the correct order.
I
I n::Dt'::D()'t':::Ilnl4l"::
I
1е. :
r
I
I
Dеаг Michael,
I
1
I
13 а) Match the exchanges, then, in pairs, act [ШJ You shouldn't have much troubIe finding the hotel, but here аге
!
I out the dialogue. а few directions so you don't get lost. Take the train to Poole, then
lS. :
I take the Number 152 bus to Sandbanks pier. You will see the Royal
---т
а А: А doubIe with а view.
Hotel оп уош left. 1 ат staying in room 23. If you want те to book а
Ь А: 1'11 take it. Thank you.
гоот for you, you сап call те оп ту mobile. Му number is 0944
~. с А: How much is it per night?
d А: Неllо! I'd like to book а room, please. 372649.
е А: From the 20th until the 25th of June. []JIJ I hope you'll Ье аЫе 10 join те. 1 look forward to seeing you
at the weekend.
о.
[fLШ В: Certainly. When would you like it for? []]I] I've Ьееп staying here for а week now, and it really is а
hree
~ В: Would you like а single or а doubIe room? wonderful resort. 1 ат staying at the Royal Hotel. It is оп the seafront
[§]I] В: We have а room overlooking the lake. and the rooms have а spectacular view of the English Channel. The
@ИJ В: It's Е55 including breakfast. beach is clean. There is а funfair and а mini-golf course which
~ В: Сап I have уош пате and credit card number, everyone seems to enjoy. The hotel has а restaurant where they
please? serve delicious food.
~. rn:ш "т writing 10 invite you 10 join те in Sandbanks next
Use the prompts to act out dialogues. weekend.
long (See Suggested Answers Section) Love,
1 3 1st July - 4th August/single/sea/f45 Katie
25th September - 10th September/doubIe/castle/f50
с) Circle the phrases from the list below
~eks. that сап those in bold in the
letter аЬоуе.
а I'm writing to thank you for уош kind invitation to, ..
Ь See you then.

When write an informal letter of

we
invitation we start our letter with 'Dear' and
our friend's first пате. 'П the introduction, we
give the reason we are writing the letter. 'П the
main body, we describe the place and we write
directions to help our friend find the place. In the
conclusion, we write our closing remarks. We
© I'd love it if you could соте to ""о (Рага 1)
@ Норе you сап соте, (Рага 4)
15 а) Underline the key words йп the rubrk.
Then answer the questions in the plan.
You are оп holiday and have decided to invit~
а friend to spend а few days with you. Write

sign off with 'Love' and our first пате. him/her а letter describing the place and giving
directio!1s. (120-180 words)

Read the rubrk, underline the I<ey words Plan

and answer the questions.
You are spending your holidays at а seaside
,Out resort and have decided to invite your friend to
соте and spend а weekend with you. Write
your letter describing the place and giving
directions to your friend.
I (8ее Suggested Answers 8ection)
Introduction:
Para 1: What сап уош opening remarks Ье?
Main Body:
Рага 2: What does the place look like?
Рага З: How сап уош friend reach the place?
Conclusion:
Рага 4: What сап уош closing remarks Ье?
(8s' own answers)

What kind of letter is it? Ь) Use уои ... answers in Ех. 15а to write your
( 2 What would you include in уош letter? letter.You сап use the letter in Ех. 14Ь as
а model. Suggested Answers Section)
3 How could you start/end уош letter?

15
 Iraveller's Iales
5 Read the text and underline the expression~
which describe the use of the senses (e.g. .
sight, hearing, smell, etc).
1 Underline the correct word.
1 The sandy coast/beach was full of sunbathers.
2 The haunted house is the most popular sight/
attraction at the funfair.
3 То Ье а good basketball player, you have to Ье
high/tall.
4 Не gave he~an expensive gold/golden ring.
5 The тап was still alive!lively when the ambulance
reached the hospital.

2 Fill in the correct word from the list. Then,

use the phrases to make sentences.
busy, warm, suntan, car, loud, bright, honking, golden,
crashing, exhaust
(See Suggested Answers Section)
1 warm sea 6 golden beaches
2 bright sun 7 suntan oil
3 honking horns 8 loud music
We сап form adjectives Ьу adding the suffix -Iess
4 а(п) busy street 9 exhaust fumes
to some nouns.
5 crashing waves 10 а(п) саг park
sense -» senseless
These adjectives show that sb or sth does not
з Underline the odd word out. have the quality expressed Ьу the noun (contrary
to the adjectives ending in -ful.)
1 chalet, instructor, straw hat, ski lift
2 gallery, museum, tour guide, goggles
3 sleeping bag, torch, suit, tent 6 Form adjectives using the nouns in brac
4 captain, ship, port, pilot and the appropriate suffix, -ful 01" -Iess, to fiI
5 fur coat, jeep, binoculars, insect repellent in the gaps.

1 The forest is very peaceful (реасе) оп Sunda~

j
mогпiпgs.
4 Use your dictionary to complete the tabIe. J

2 Oh, don't worry about the dogs; they аге harmlesJ

(harm).
Headword Pronunciation
3 Му grandmother still manages to look youthfuj
amazing /ет i.";ZП)/ (youth) at 64. She says that her secret is not t~
beach /bi:tf/ worry about meaningless (meaning) things in life.!
countryside /kлпtпsаId/ 4 The key to ту father's successful (success) caгee~
delicious /dII!Jes/ as а businessman was to always have goo~
enjoy /IПd3QI/ industrial relations. 1

food /flj:d/ :5 It's pointless (point) for те to give you апу helpfuj
gorgeous /gQ:dз еs / (help) advice if you're not prepared to follow it.
hotel /heot~l/ 6 The playful (play) puppy chased the kitten. 1

island /mlепd/ 7 Mike got а low mark for his composition, becausJ,
journey /dз~гпi/ he made а lot of careless (care) mistakes. J
 Iraveller's Iales
5 I haven't ridden а horse since 1984.
6 Greg has lived here for ten months.
ssions
!.g. 7 FШ in the correct prep05ition(s).
Clau5e5 of re5ult are introduced with:
1 Саре Сапауегаl is located оп the east
е 5uch + (а/ап) + adjective + noun + that
coast of Florida. It wos such ап expensive dress that she didn't
2 Мапу ancient artifacts have Ьееп discovered Ьиу it.
in the Mediterranean Sea. She received such bad news that she burst into
3 Rio de Janeiro is famous for its carnival. teors.
4 We're going оп а tour of the new school Не told us such (uппу storie5 that we couldn't
tomorrow. stop loughing.
5 Shaking hands with someone is а way of saying
е 50 + adjective/adverb + that
hello ог goodbye.
Не wos so happy obout his promotion that he
6 1love Iying оп the beach in summer.
took us 01/ out to dinner.
7 We got оп the first plane to Hawaii and were there
The children were ploying so noisily that the
in ten hours. neighbours comploined.
8 Greece is in southern Ешоре.
е 50 + muchllittle + uncountabIe noun + that
9 Му country house is Ьу а river.
10 The first time I took ту son to the zoo, he was уегу
She mode so much pasta that we couldn't eot it 011.
excited. е 50 + many/few + countabIe plural noun + that
There were so (ew students in the clossroom
that the teocher let us go home.
8 Put the verb5 in bracket5 into the correct
ten5e, Past 5imple 01" Present Perfect.
·le55 10 FШ in the gaps with 50, such 01" such а(п).
а А: 1) Науе you Ьееп (уои/Ье) to Blackpool
recently? 1 Не
has such strong muscles that he сап lift the
В: Yes. It 2) has changed (change) а lot since the front part of а саг.
not
:rary last time 13) was (Ье) there. 2 The kitten is so small that it fits into the palm of ту
Ь А: I 1) have visited (visit) several different hand.
3 The book was so difficult that she couldn't
countries so far this уеаг.
В: Really! I 2) haven't Ьееп (not/be) abroad since
understand it.
ackets 4 It was such а tall tree that the children couldn't
last summer. Where 3) did you go (you/go)
,to fШ climb it.
last?
А: То Italy, and I 4) had (have) а great time.
5 The film she watched last night was so scary that
she couldn't sleep afterwards.
Sunday
с А: 1)Did you see (you/see) the Eiffel Tower while 6 It was such а hot day that we went to the beach.
you 2) were (Ье) in Paris?
:з.гmlеss
В: Yes, I 3) did (do).

(outhfu! d А: I 1) sent (send) you а postcard last week. 11 FШ in the where nece55ary.
not to 2) Haven't you received (you/not/receive) it yet?
1 "уе invited the Smiths to dinner this evening.
; in life. В: No, but I 3) got (get) опе from James оп
Monday morning. 2 I'm scared of travelling Ьу - plane.
) сагее!
3 We went shopping at - Harrods.
~ good
4 Don't turn the TV оп; "уе got а headache.
9 FШ in s;nce 01" (or. 5 It is dangerous to go through - Central Park at
, helpful
1 I have had this jacket for five years. night.
w it.
6 It gets уегу hot here in the afternoon.
2 I haven't eaten snails since ош holiday in Crete.
7 I found - French very difficult to learn.
)ecaus€ 3 Науе you seen Robert since his party?
8 The Archaeological Museum is closed оп Mondays.
4 Кеп hasn't written to те for ages.

17
 Iraveller's Iales
9 "т not going to - school today. а В: Yes, what seems to Ье the troubIe?
10 Му daughter plays the piano. Ь В: I see. Well, there is another flight to New
11 Wеле,еd to care for the elderly. in two hour5. Would you like те to book you
12 - Dad is оп а business trip in Germany. seat оп that flight?
с В: No probIem.
d В: Oh dear. Which flight were you supposed to
оп?

Ь) Now, in pairs, use the prompts below to

12 Study the following examples, then complete
the sentences using the words in bold. Use
two to five words.
act out similar dialogues.
Suggested Answers
1 train/the 8:00 train/Reading/an hour
2 coach/the 7:00 coach/York/half ап hour

---- --- --- --- ----~

:. It was such а funny film that we couldn't

: stop laughing.
I
50 The film wa8 80 (иnnу that we couldn't
stop laughing.
• The weather was very cold so we stayed in. Assessment reports аге written for someone
such It was sиch cold weather that we in authority such as your employer. They аге
stayed in. formal in style and contain factual information.
----'1" They present the positive and negative qualities
of а person ог а place in order to make а
1 It was such а dark гоот that we couldn't see.
recommendation. We always begin ап assessment
50 The room was so dark that we couldn't
report Ьу saying who the report is for and what
see.
their position is, the writer's пате and position,
2 The carpets were so beautiful that I bought two.
as well as what the report is about and the date.
5uch They were such beautiful that I
In the introduction we present the purpose of
bought two.
the report. In the main body we present each
3 The play was very dull so I left early.
topic in detail under suitabIe sub-headings. 'П the
5uch It was such а dull play that I left early. conclusion we summarise the information and
4 It was such а deep cut that she had to go to hospital. state our general assessment.
50 The cut was so that she had to go
to hospital.
5 They were such friendly people that we felt welcome.
50 The people were so that we felt 14 а) Read the rubric and underline the key
welcome. words.

The editor of the magazine you work for as ап

" assistant editor has asked you to write а
~sessing the suitability of Blue Sky hotel
for family hQ!idays. Write your report giYiI]g
the hotel's location and describing the
13 а) Match the exchanges, then, in pairs, read accommodation, facilities, food and cost and
the aloud. availability and booki.!J&.
~ А: Excuse те, сап you help те?
m А: I've missed ту flight.
А: Flight ТА 458 to New York.
@IgJ А: Oh, yes please. That wQuld Ье wondeiiul.
Thank you so much.

18
 &

Read the report and choose а suitabIe 15 а) Underline the words in the rubric.
'ork sub-heading from the list {о ... each
)u а paragraph. Then, underline the correct
1._11 ... ,....' ... word.

) Ье Accommodation, Food & Cost, Purpose, services at your

Availability & Booking, Recommendation, report giving the I~tion of the campsite and
L.ocation, Facilities ~~~~~~~~~2~~~the

to То: Mrs S. Thomson, Editor

From: J. К. Elliot, Assistant Editor
Ь) Match the prompts (a-m) to the
Subject: В/ие Sky Hotel
headings: Location (L),
Date: 20th June, 2002
FасШtiеs (O/F), Food & Cost
Entertainment & Sports (E/S).
The purpose of this report is to assess the
а supermarket (small)
suitability of the В/ие Sky hotel for family holidays.
Ь television room
2 large swimming pool
с
The hotel is located оп the east coast of Wales
d tabIe tennis
about half ап hour's walk from the beach. It is
е Beachside restaurant (excellent, rather
surrounded Ьу gorgeous countryside JY1g/but is
ne expensive)
built оп top of а hill where some amazing views of
а fast food restaurant (reasonabIy priced
re the mountains сап Ье enjoyed.
>n. meals, only ореп until 8:00 рт)
з
es 9 clean drinking water
The В/ие Sky has 150 twin-bedrooms and extra
а h pubIic telephones
accommodation in chalets for the high season. AII
~nt tall trees around the site provide shade
rooms have their own bathroom and TV. А small
\at j showers
fridge is also/too provided.
)п, k plenty of space for each car and tent
4
te. bikes for hire
The В/ие Sky has а mini-gym and а small indoor
of m оп the south coast of Devon/five-minu'te walk
,ch recreation centre for younger members of the family,
from the beach
:he complete with ап indoor five-a-side football pitch.
Furthermore/However, for those who wish for а с) Use уои ... answers in Exs 15а,Ь to answer
quieter time, 'there is а reading room with а large the questions in the plan.
collection of books including children's litera'ture.
5 Plan
Food served in the hotel restaurant is not expensive То:Who are you writing to?
and is опе of the best ways of trying some of the local From: Who аге you?
cuisine at reasonabIe prices. However/,Even though Subject: What аге you going to wri'te about?
there аге quite а lot of restaurants in the countryside
around the hotel, they аге often тоге expensive. Introduction:
Рага 1: Why аге you writing the report?
6
Май ... Вody:
The В/ие Sky is ореп аН уеаг and reservations сап
Paras 2-4: What information about the location,
Ье made at апу time. The summer months are
organisation & facilities, food & cost,
most popular §J1/as early booking for this period is
nd entertainment & sports will you include?
recommended.
7 What аге the good and bad points?
the В/ие Sky is а good, clean, Conclusion:
'/~~~~,
Para 5: What is уош overall
геазопаЫу priced hotel, ideal for family holidays and
What аге уош recommendations?
"" ... "." ,,,-'1,,,,... а good base to visit the surrounding агеа.
 Enjoy Reading

1 Match the words to their opposites.

4 Put the verbs in brackets into the ,."" ......"'.,,4-1
tense, Past Simple 01" Past Continuous.
1 As I was (do) ту homework last night, I
1 soft d а take off (hear) а strange noise which was
2 freezing Ь Ь boiling from the garden. I went (go) out to see what
3 silently 9 с clean (happen), only to find ту cat chasing
4 sad h d hard rat.
5 land а е соттоп 2 In 1972, Tim Carlisle saw (see) Elvis
6 unusual е f different concert, while he was (travel) in the USA.
7 same f 9 loudly 3 It (snow) heavily оп that cold,
8 dirty h happy night when George Bailey left (Ieave) his office and
(begin) his long journey home.
4 She (tidy) her room when suddenly the
2 FШ in the correct word from the list below. lights went out (go out).
Then, use the phrases to make sentences. 5 Jasper was (sleep) and his father
(watch) тv when the earthquake
heavily, street, dim/soft, deep, rough, rocky,
(strike).
anxiously, big, dark, hard
SUI:::ЮЕ~stЕ~d Answers ....
,-:".~ r,.-.
6 As Mary was (feed) the ducks, а small
rushed (rush) up to her and (grab) her arm.
1 raindrops 6 dark clouds 7 Не was (Ье) unabIe to sleep because the wind
2 to rain 7 а(п) street lamp (whistle) through the trees in the forest
3 а(п) hole 8 light outside.
4 to bIow hard 9 cliff 8 I сате (соте across) Аппа as I
5 а(п) sea 10 to wait (walk) through the park with ту dog.
9 Sharon didn't see (not/see) the саг coming towards
her because she was (Iook) in the other
з Underline the correct word. direction.
1О The old lady was (get) onto the bus when she
1 The doctor studied/examined ту injury and said it fell (fall) and (break) her leg.
wasn't serious.
2 James was frightened/gepressed for weeks after 5 Look at the pictures and the notes and
he lost his job. make sentences using Past Simple and Past
3 The cat lay sleeping оп опе of the tree's large Continuous.
twigs/branches.
4 The hunter shot/fired at the target with his rifle.
5 There are only а few large jungles/forests left in
Ешоре.
6 We bought а(п) atlas/map of the town so we
wouldn't get lost.
7 It's sharply/bitterly cold today, isn't it?
8 А dog mt him when he was young and he still has
the scar/bruise оп his leg.
9 Му parents told те never to speak to
1 Angela/drive to work/ 2 Аппе and Frank/walk
aliens/strangers.
mobile phone/ring down the street/
10 She ~~Jsighed in terror vvhen she saw the
Anne/offer/Frank/a
burglar.
new job

20
 Enjoy Неаdiпg

Used
Used to expresses past habits ог states which are
по longer true. It forms its negative and
interrogative with did and it is the same in all
orrect persons.We сап use Past Simple instead of used to.
She walkedlused to walk to school. She didn't use
1 heard to wake ир late. Did she use to wake ир late?
:come)
at was
~sing а 7 Complete the sentences using the verbs in
3 Lawrence/run/to 4 Victor/sit/at his desk/ bracl<ets and the correct form of used to.
work/ fall and remember/it/be/his
vis in
break/his ankle wife's birthday 1 'П the old days, people did
U8A.
(not/travel) Ьу plane.
j, dark
2 1 (eat) meat, but now "т а vegetarian.
се and
3 What kind of games did (you/play)
when you were young?
nly the
4 I to (90) to school in Glasgow when I was
а child.
зг was
5 I used to have (have) really short hai г, .. but now it' s
struck
quite long.
6 8he did work (not/work) so late, but now
all Ьоу
she does.
er агт.
7 Тот used to drive (drive) to work, but now he
ld was
prefers to commute Ьу train.
forest
5 Robert/leave/the office/ 6 John/have/his break/ 8 Didn't use to drive (Mary/drive) а sports саг?
Miss Chen/remind Robert/tell him/the
him/of ап important terribIe news
meeting 8 Put the verbs in bracl<ets into the correct
)wards
~ other
tense, Past Simple or Present Perfect.
6 Put the verbs in bracl<ets into the Past 5imple 1 А: I haven't seen you (not/see) you for ages!
еп she or Past Continuous. Where have you Ьееп (уои/Ье)?
В: I went (90) to Malta for а three-week holiday.
Charles Lindbergh was (work) as а pilot for
2 А: Have you ever read (you/ever/read) this book?
the Chicago 8t Louis airline сотрапу when he made
В: No, 1haven't read (not/read) that опе, but 1
(make) the first non-stop flight around the world in
Past (read) the author's previous novel last year. 1
1927.
didn't like (not/like) it much.
2 Mahatma Gandhi died (die) in 1948 after а тап
3 А: Have you spoken (you/speak) to Рат about
shot (shoot) him.
уош missing bIouse yet?
3 Alexander Fleming discovered (discover) penicillin
В: Yes, 1 (speak) to her five minutes ago;
Ьу accident while he was (work) at 8t Mary's
she hasn't seen (not/see) it anywhere.
Hospital in London.
4 А: Have you booked (you/book) уош holiday yet?
4 After the painter Degas went (go) bIind in the late
В: No, 1 haven't decided (not/decide) where to go.
1890s, he gave up (9ive ир) painting.
Last уеаг I went (90) to 8pain and (have) а
5 Ernest Hemingway (get) тапу of his ideas for
great time, so тауЬе 1'11 go there again.
For Whom the Bell To//s while he was (live) in
5 А: 1haven't seen (not/see) James for ages.
Spain during the 8panish Civil War.
Nalk В: I haven't seen (not/see) him either, but 1 heard
6 Ferdinand von Zeppelin did not build (not/build)
(hear) yesterday that he gone (90) to Italy
his famous airship until 1899 when he was (Ье)
:/а and will Ье back пех! week.
sixty-one.

21
 Enjoy Heading

9 FШ in: (ог, оп, with (2), at. а В: I bet it was! Well, it's great to see you again.
Ь В: That sounds brilliant! How long were you there
1 She sighed with relief when she heard that her с В: '" а nice terraced house оп Grafton
childrEm were safe. Anyway,whataboutyou?
2 Тотту shouted help as his raft began to sink. d В: Oh, hi, Janet. Yes, it's Ьееп weeks. I've
3 Paul aimed а stone the tin сап and threw it. house, you know.
4 There was а smile his face as· he entered the
Ь) Now, in pairs, use the prompts below to
conference гоот.
act out similar dialogues.
5 The lost Ьоу was shaking with fear. .,...,....,....,...'с"',... Answers '-·,....'~T."'~\\

1 buy а new car/what kind of car/jeep/ltaly/two

2 win the lottery/how much/just enough to buy
own house/Spain/1 О days

1О Complete the sentences using the words in

bold. Use two to five words.

1 It's three years since Graham played tennis. Techniques to begin or

for Graham hasn't tennis for three end а story
years.
2 Тот hasn't visited his parents for weeks. А good beginning is as important as а good
visited The last time Тот visited his was ending.A good beginning should make уои ...
weeks ago. reader want to go оп with уои ... story.A good
3 How long is it since he moved to Italy? ending wШ make уои ... reader feel satisfied.
mоуе When did he move to Italy? Уои сап start уои ... story Ьу:
4 Julie hasn't smoked а cigarette for three weeks. а) describing weather, surroundings, people, etc.
since It's three weeks since Julie smoked а using the senses
cigarette. Ь) using direct speech
5 When did you get back? с) asking а rhetorical question (а question which
since How long is it since you got back? expects по answer)
d) creating mystery ог suspense
е) referring to your feelings ог moods
f) addressing the reader directly
Уои сап end уои ... story Ьу:
а) using direct speech
Ь) referring to your feelings ог moods
с) describing people's reactions to the events
11 а) Match the exchanges, then, in pairs, read developed in the main bodys
the dialogues aloud. d) creating mystery ог suspense
е) аskiпg а rhetorical question
rn А: Hi, Steve! I haven't seen you for ages! How f) addressing the reader directly
have you Ьееп?
m А: Really? That's great! Where do you live now? Note that тоге than one technique сап Ье used
m А: Oh, I've just got back fгom а trip to Australia.
in the Ьеgiппiпg ог ending of your story.

~ А: Three months. It was amazing.

А: You too. Кеер in touch, won't you?

22
 Enjoy
ain. the paragraphs below and say which
12
~гe for? are beginnings and which are endings. Then Question mark (1)
Street. rlс.,t"UПiР. which of the techniques presented
is used at the end of а direct e.g.
аЬоуе have Ьееп used in each of the is he? but I don't know where he is. (indirect UU'~"LIVI
110ved beginnings and endings.
Exclamation mark (!)
is used at the end of ап exclamatory sentence,
wto It was а beautiful, sunny September Sunday. The e.g. What а Ьоу!
city was peaceful and 1was at the market hunting
ection)
Quotation marks (" ")
for bargains. I didn't know why but I felt particularly
аге
used in direct speech, e.g. "Топу has /e(t," she said.
weeks lucky that morning, as if something extraordinary
was about to happen. Сотта (,)
IUY ту
is used in direct speech after а statement and
2 Have you ever had . .that strange feeling that you before the quotation marks, e.g. "I'm ready now," he
were being watched, and then looked nervously said. Не said, "f'm ready now."
around to find nobody there? This is what
happened to те опе strange winter's day as I was
~oming home from school. 13 а) Read the story and punctuate the
second paragraph. What do you think of
3 I still don't know who wrote that curious message, the beginning/ending of the story1
ог how the person who wrote it had known that ту (See Suggested Answers
sister needed ту help. However, you сап Ье sure
that "т glad 1 didn't hesitate after reading the
note's mysterious warning.

4 I knew I would never see the storyteller again and I

felt sad when the old тап left town. 1put ту hand
in ту pocket and found the small, green stone the
storyteller had given те. 'In everything, there's а Му friend, Jim, said, "Let's go to the beach!" So we put our towels
etc.
story waiting to Ье told', is what he had said. Then, and some sandwiches in а bag and set off.
I understood that it was time to write ту own story. As soon as we arrived we pulled off our clothes raced down the
hich beach and fell laughing into the curling white waves The sea was
5 "т sure you will agree that, some days, nothing
warm and а beautiful deep bIue А little further out in the Ьау а dark
seems to go right. For те last Friday was опе of
shape was sticking out о. the sea Неу said Jim 1'11 race уо!.! to that
those days. It was while 1was having breakfast that
rock We swam fast and а few moments later pulled ourselves
morning that ту probIems began.
panting onlo the rock's smooth warm surface The hot SШl felt 80
good оп ош skin that within minutes we both _е" fast
Мапу months later, а friend of mine visited ту
We must have slept for hours.1 woke when а rush of cold water
house, Не knew а lot about old objects and asked
hit ту face. "Jim! Wake up! We're in troubIe!" I shouted, just as а
те where I had found the little bIue bottle which 1
huge wave crashed over the rock soaking us both with icy water. We
had placed пеаг the fireplace. I gasped when he
stared in horror at the rough sea and darkening sky. There was по sign
told те that the bottle was actually worth ten times
of the beach. "It's а storm!" cried Jim, as two тоге massive waves
the amount I had paid for it. "1 wonder if the
thundered in. Terrified and shivering with cold, we held оп desperately
stallholder knew!" I thought to myself. I'm pretty
to the slippery rock. AII we could do was wait for the storm to pass.
sure he did. What do you think?
Whenwe got home, we drank some hot chocolate and agreed that
Jsed we were lucky to Ье alive.
7 "Oscar!" shouted ту teacher. "What аге you
doing?" I tried quickly to hide the piece of рарег
under ту books but it was too late. The teacher Ь) Write ап beginning and
ending for the аЬоуе. Remember to
was already standing next to те with her hand
use writing techniques and correct
stretched out asking for it. She wouldn'tbe happy
to read what I had written. I knew I was in troubIe. ''''Г''CC''~arl Answers

23
 111
11
,.
111
111
111
Ixlincl Animals

4 Put the verbs in brackets into the ......... ,....."",..,.'

tense, Past Perfect or Past Simple.
1 Match the words to their oppo~ites.
1 Paul had just finished (just/finish) his dinner
he heard (hear) а knock at the door.
2 When I arrived (arrive) at the airport I realised I
1 sharp с а narrow
forgotten (forget) ту passport.
2 strong d Ь quickly
ЗАппа had never seen (never/see) snowbefore
З wide а с bIunt
сате (соте) to Scotland.
4 front е d weak
4 I reached (reach) the station at 5.00, but the
5 slowly Ь е back
had already left (already/leave).
5 Julie had left (Ieave) Ьу the time Laura
(arrive) at her house.
2 Underline the odd word out in each group.

1 claws toes brain feet 5 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
2 plain environment forest valley tense, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Cont;jr1UC)US.
З spring pounce walk leap 1 Alex had Ьееп practising (practise) for
4 beak cheek jaws tail months before the concert.
2 The girls had Ьееп studying (study) for their
since Easter.
з Fill in the correct word.
З Ву six o'clock everyone had gone (90) home.
4 Carrie had finished (finish) the work before
gazed. watch, staring, look boss returned.
5 Cathy's puppy had died (die) Ьу the time she got
to the vet.
1 Actors аге not supposed to look at the cameras.
6 Mark had Ьееп writing (write) for six years
2 As I sat оп the train, I noticed а тап staring at те.
his novel was pubIished.
З The young тап gazed lovingly at his bride.
4 1like to watch the news оп тv every evening.
6 Put the verbs in brackets into Past Siтple~
Past Cont;nuous" Past Perfect or Past Perfect
Cont;nuous.
А It 1) was (Ье) nearly four o'clock and Alan 2)
sitting (sit) in the changing гоот З) (feel)
1 The тап оп the motorbike grabbed the woman's nervous. Не 4) was feeling (feel) excited too, as
bag and drove off. 5) had Ьееп (wait) for the chance to play for
2 You must grip the горе tightly ог you'll fall. Liverpool for а very long time. However, he
З Johnny clasped his mother's hand as they crossed 6) had joined (only just/join) the
the road. team and 7) had пеуег played
(never/play) in front of so тапу
people before. Suddenly it
8) was (Ье) time to go and
before he 9) knew (know) it,
1 Zebras have bIack and white stripes. he 10) was (гип)

2 Му friend tore the рарег into strips so по опе could towards the pitch along with
read his secret message. the rest of the team.
З There were тапу rows of chairs in the big hall.

24
 Extinct Animals
в Peter Wilson 1) had Ьееп studying (study) law for а 2 Не.......... TV when the phone rang.
year when he 2) realised (realise) that he З) was А watches © was watching
not (not/be) very interested in the subject. Не В has watched

4) always Ьееп (always/be) fascinated Ьу 3 Магу ...... for four years before she Ьесате а lawyer.
trrect
anirnals, and he 5) had Ьееп helping (help) his aunt А has studied © had Ьееп studying
who worked as а vet ever since he was а teenager. В is studying
when 80 he 6) changed (change) courses and finally he
4 Аппа is from Paris but ....... in London for two years.
7) (Ьесоте) а vet.
j I had А lives В is living © has lived
5 I .......... Julie yet.
must ::::: have to ® haven't seen В didn't see С don't see
mustn't ::::: not allowed to, it's forbidden
6 Тотту is sweaty; he .......... football for hours.
е train needn't::::: don't have to
А played С had played

arrived
® has Ьееп playing
7 fШ in the gaps with must, mustn't or needn't. 7 While Mum was cooking dinner, Julie ....... the house.
You mustn't shout in the library.
® was cleaning В has cleaned С cleans

~ct 2 You needn't go to the post office to buy stamps - 8 Не went to bed after the film .......... .
IUOUS. 1 have some. А has ended ® had ended С ends
3 You mustn't smoke in this building.
three 9 She has Ьееп eating а lot lately; I think she ......... .
4 8he must fill in this application form if she wants to
weight.
apply for the job.
exams А puts оп в put оп © has put оп
5 You needn't drive to the party as Kate сап take you
in her саг. 10 Не usually .......... Ьу train.
е.

)ге her
6 You mustn't swim in the sea as the water is polluted. А has travelled ® travels с is travelling

11 Не filled in his пате, signed the contract and

е got it .......... it to the secretary.
8 FШ in: in, at. ® gave в has given С had given
before
12 Не was soaked to the skin because he ..... in the rain.
А walked © had Ьееп walking
В is walking
1ple,
~rfect

2) was
!el) very
), as he
'ау for
1е 1 Wolves live in packs.
2 8he was dressed in а bIack evening dress.
3 8he watched in fear as the boat sank.
1О Find the mistakes and correct them.
4 Не is over two metres in height. 1 You needn't ~ buy him а pair of shoes.
5 We were shocked at the amount of litter in the 2 Не didn't succeed )!t in passing his exams.
streets. 3 There were а lot~of people at the meeting.
4 8he insisted оп helping us move the furniture.
5 The роliсе )(are looking for the missing Ьоу.
9 Choose the correct item. 6 I haven't got апу information)( about the concert.
7 I~ disagree with уош ideas.
The train to Paris .......... at 6.45 ат.
8 He's the most helpful person I have )(еуег met.
® leaves В is leaving С leave

25
 Mary Anning and her brother, Joseph, used to З) ....
(ancient plants and animals 4) .... haveturned to stone).
12 Study the following examples, then found the head of а large 'crocodile' оп the beach at Lyme, and
complete the sentences using the words in year later Mary found the rest of the skeleton. It turned out to Ье
bold. Use two to five words. dolphin-like reptile called ап Ichthyosaurus. She also found
other 5) .... fossils.
----!"'"I 'П 1823, Mary found а complete 2.7 metre 6) .... fossil of а
1..
I
James is 1т 80. Brian is 1т 80.
I
I
i
animal with а long neck and а little head. It had four wide flat feet
tall James is as tall as Brian. I
I swimming and it was called а Plesiosaur. It was the first
I
.. Elephants аге bigger than tigers. I
i
skeleton of this sea creature to Ье found.
not Tigers are not as big as elephants. Нег discoveries helped тапу scientists at that time 'еагп 7)
.. Му саг cost Е10,ООО. Lucy's саг cost Е6,ООО. about the huge dinosaurs that used to live in the sea and оп
expensive Му саг was more expensive than millions of years 8) .....
:I Lucy's.
:.. It's forbidden to take photos in the museum.
--_ ............ _.... """ .,.,.

:I must You must not take photos in the 1 А starts В

runs ©goes
: museum. 2 А with ®Ьу С from

:.
I
You needn't water the plants. 3 А complete ® collect С hold 1
:I necessary It's not necessary 'О water the 4 ®whic~l В who С whom

plants. 5 А costly В expensive ©valuabIe

6 А lengthy В large ©Iong
7 А some ®тоге с тапу
1 It's prohibited to enter this агеа. I
I 8 А then ®ago с after
must You must not enter this агеа. I
-1-------- --- .... _.... _......................... _.... ............ _--- ....
2 The Velociraptor was not as big as the
Tyrannosaurus.
smaller The Velociraptor was smaller than the
Tyrannosaurus.
3 The film lasted for two hours. The concert lasted for
опе and а half hours. 13 а) FШ in the missing questions. Then, in
longer The film lasted longer than the concert. pairs, read the dialogue aloud.
4 James is taller than Rob.
what does she look like, what seems to Ье
as Rob is not as tall as James. troubIe, сап you help те, when did you last see
5 It's not necessary to рау ап entrance fee.
need You need not рау ап entrance fee. А: Excuse те, 1) сап you help те?
6 L.ee and Tim run equally fast. В: Certainly. 2) What seems to Ье the troubIe?
as Tim runs as fast as Lee. А: Well, ту dog, Shandy, has gone missing.
7 Helen doesn't live as close to the station as I do. В: Oh! 3) When did you last see her?
than 1 live closer to the station than Helen. А: This morning. She was in the garden опе min
8 It's forbidden to park here. and the next minute she was gone.
not You must not park here. В: 4) What does she look like?
А: Well, she's а small dog. She's got yellow fur ап .
blg brown eyes.
В: Well, don't worry. I'm sure we'll find her.
А: Oh, thank you.
11 Choose the correct item. Ь) Now, йп pairs, use the prompts below to
Few towns have their very own sea monster, but Lyme Regis, а
act out similar dialogues.
small seaside town оп the south coast of England, certainly does! The 1 cat/Lucky/afternoon/kitchen/bIack and white fur а
history of this creature 1) .... back to the time of the dinosaurs, and brown ears
it was found 2) .... а local woman, Магу Anning, in 1823. 2 dog/Fred/last night/house/white fur with brown

26
 Extinct Animals
fossil~ 15 а) Match the items in the two columns.
Josepn Then, mal<e sentences as in the example.
, and а
to Ье а
Column А Column В
j тап~ When we write ап essay suggesting solutions
to probIems we should use formal language. For recycle рарег products с а learn to respect nature
)f а sea each suggestion that we make we should 2 plant тоге trees, go оп hikes and the environment
feet fOI mention апу expected results or consequences. ог go camping тоге often а Ь help protect опе of the
In the introduction of such ап essay we state 3 join ап organisation that
Jmplete world's natural resources
the probIem. In the main body we present the helps save rainforests Ь тоге effectively
suggestions and their expected results/
с fewer trees would have to
consequences, each in а separate paragraph. The
Ье cut down
number of paragraphs in the main body depends
оп the number of sugge~tions we want to make.
Finally, in the conclusi~on, we summarise our It would Ье а good idea to recycle рарег products. If
opinion. we recycled рарег products, then fewer trees would
have to Ье cut down.
14 а) Underline the I<ey words in the rubric.
Who is going to read your article? Ь) Underline the I<ey words in the rubric.
::;Ш::ЩЕ~stЕЮ Answers '-Г"'~T,п,n Then, answer the questions in the plan.
Your teacher has asked you to write ап article ::;ш:)qЕ~stЕЮ Answers ,-,",,~·ror,n

for the school magazine entitled 'How сап we

Your work for the 'осаl newspaper and the
~aye rare animal species from extlnction?'
editor has asked you to write ап article entitled
'How сап we fight against the destructiQO of
Ь) Read the article below and' put the rainforests?'Write your article (120-180 words).
paragraphs in the correct order. Then,
underline the phrases which the writer
has used to introduce each of the Plan
ggestions and results. Introduction:
n Рага 1: What is the рroЫет?
Main Body:
Рага 2: What is уош first suggestion?
see What would its results Ье?
Рага 3: What is уош second suggestion?
What would its results Ье?
How сап we save rare animal species from extinction? Рага 4: What is уош third suggestion?
What would its results Ье?
IAИJ ELnally, another useful suggestion would Ье to start тоге
Conclusion:
. . captive breeding programmes in zoos around the world. In this
mlnute d k ., -.-- Рага 5: How сап you summarise уош opinion?
::J:ШY., we coul та е sure that гаге specles contlnue to survlve.
[[[IO А\\ things considered, there аге тапу solutions to the
ргоЫет of endangered species. The sooner we all put these с) Write your article for the local
rur and
solutions into action the better. newspaper (120-180 words). Use your
[ш Secondly, it would hel~ if we took better саге of these answers in Exs I Sa and Ь to help you. You
animals' natural habitats, such as forests and lakes. Ву doinq this, сап use the article in Ех. 14Ь as а model.
гаге species would have safe places to live. ::;U(::!qЕ~SlЕЮ Answers Section)
)w to [ШJ First 01 all, it would Ье а qood idea to Ьап hunting. Ji
hunting were made illegal, then people would stop killing гаге
animals for their fur or other products.
fur and [ [ ] It is а well-known fact that тапу гаге animal species аге
in danger of extinction. There аге, however, а number of possibIe
n spots solutions which could save these animals from dying out.

27
 А Ghostly Welcome

1 Underline the correct word.

Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal Verbs are verbs followed Ьу an adverb
1 She nearly dropped/fell the expensive vase оп the
(particle) and/or а preposition. Quite often
floor.
have idiomatic meanings and are usually more
2 The boat's passengers were relieved/refreshed to
informal. Phrasal verbs are widely used in
see land after the frightening storm.
everyday English.
3 This house remembers/reminds те of ту childhood
The police are trying to find out (= discover) how
home.
the thieves broke into the art gallery.
4 The old lady had deep freckles/wrinkles around Ron went away (= left) (or а week.
her eyes. The criminal gave ;n (= surrendered) to the police.
5 We reached/arrived Brighton Ьу 2 o'clock.
6 The builder climbed up the ladder/staircase which
was leaning against the side of the house. 4 Look ир the following phrasal verbs in
7 Terry told те that I was welco_me/accepted to visit dictionary and then complete the
him anytime. sentences below.
8 I don't realise/understand why he spoke so rudely
break up, break down, break into, break out
to you.
1 The Smiths had а burglar alarm installed so as
prevent burglars from breaking into their
2 Match the words/phrases to their opposites. house.
2 Schools have broken up for the Easter holidays.
3 I didn't finish ту assignment because
computer broke down last night.
1 carefully Ь а take off 4 The fire broke out as а result of а short circuit.
2 heavy е Ь carelessly
3 соте in 9 с huge
4 put оп (clothes) а d noisily 5 Fill in the correct preposition(s) from the
5 wet f е light below. The prepositions сап Ье used
6 quietly d f dry than опсе.
7 tiny с 9 go out along, in, with, to, out of, at, into, of

1 John looked at the тар and gave те

3 Match the adjectives to the nouns. Each
noun may take more than опе adjective.
hot, old, golden, bIack, haunted, strong, pouring,
wrinkled, icy, heavy, rosy
while I was driving the country lanes.
2 То John's relief, his wallet was in the desk drawer.
3 Up ahead in the distance, they saw а cottage
reminded them of the опе they used to spend
summers

1
2 rain
3 rosy; wrinkled cheeks
4 coffee
5

28
 А Ghoslly Welcome
4 As soon as they reached the restaurant, they
parked and got out of the car.
5 The girl trembIed with fear when she saw the burglar.
6 The butler showed the guests of the dining
гоот.

7 80th of their parents had died in а car accident so

Ь their aunt was looking after them.
hey 8 She stared at the photograph in disbelief.
е

Time clauses are introduced with: after, as

)W long as, as soon as, just as, since, before, Ьу
4 Jenny vvas cold because she had Ьееп
the time, when, while/as, tШ/uпtil, whenever
(stand) at the bus stop since six o'elock.
etc.Time clauses follow the rule of the sequence
5 Colin had Ьееп playing (play) the flute for three
'ice. of tenses. This means that when the verb of the
years before he gave his first concert.
main sentence is in а present or future form, the
6 The football team decided to celebrate after they
verb of the time clause is in the present form.
When the verb of the main sentence is in а past had won (win) the match.
form, the verb of the time clause is in а past form 7 Mr Franks complained to his neighbours because
too. We do not normally use wШ/wоuld in time their dog had Ьееп barking (bark) all night long.
clauses; we use present forms. 8 The bank robbers had eseaped (escape) before
1'11 phone уои when I get home. (NOT: 'NflCfI I ',','irЧ the РОliее arrived at the bank.
gct florнc) 9 ВоЬ had Ьееп trying (try) to get tickets for the play
I wcnt to bcd after J had donc ту homework. sinee the previous week.
(NOT: aftc . . I 60 ffi)' flОffiс,Л'о ...k) 10 Phil couldn't take апу photographs because he
Ago = back in time from now. It is used with the had broken (break) his сатега.
Past Simple.
She left ап hour ago. 7 fШ in: neyeг~ Ьу the time, already, yet., еуег, (ог,
.Iit.
Before = back in time from а specific past point. s;nce, Ье(оге, ago, after.
Не told те she had left ап hour before.
It сап also Ье used with present or past forms to 1 Мапу years ago this town was just а small village.
point out than ап action preceded another. 2 She has already accepted ош offer and will start
She had {tnished cooking before the guests arrived. working with us next Monday.
3 Tim has Ьееп playing the violin since he was а Ьоу.
Ву the time = before, not later than
4 I have пеуег heard such а stupid joke.
She had {tnished c/eaning Ьу the time Раиl сате.
5 Науе you seen Mel Gibson's new film
Until = up to the time when. Until сап Ье used
6 Jill went to bed atter she had watehed the news.
with а negative verb.
They waited until everyone had left, then started 7 AII the fresh vegetabIes had Ьееп sold the time I
cleaning. reached the market.
They didn't start cleaning until everyone had left· 8 She had packed their suitcases just the taxi
еате.
ld their
9 Науе you ever made а parachute jump?
1О Sally has Ьееп talking оп the phone for forty minutes!
6 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
Past Perfect 01" Past Perfect Cont;nuous.
8 Underline the correct item.
1 The children had finished (already/finish)
their homework Ьу the time the film started. 1 1'11 ring you as/as soon as the plane lands.
2 Bertha had Ьееп (drive) for three hours 2 Everything had Ьееп prepared until/by lhe time
when it started to rain. the guests arrived.
3 Thomas had пеуег eaten (never/eat) frogs' legs 3 After/As I was waiting for the bus, it began to rain.
4 1'11 know how much the tickets cost whеп/uпШ I go
before his trip to Paris.
to the travel agent's.

29
 А Ghoslly Welcome
5 While/After she was teaching the lesson, the lights 7 Sheiia is studying hard because she has to
went out. а test tomorrow.
6 They went into the cinema while/just as the film 8 If you see Thomas, Ье sure to).e:{l say hello for
was starting. 9 I like to ~ spend ту time doing creative
7 We didn'tgo out until/after it had stopped snowing. like painting and playing the guitar.
8 You mustn't interrupt те whilе/uпЩ I ат speaking. 10 We'll go out as soon as the
finishes.
Used to, be/get used to
Used to is for expressing past habltual actions
and permanent states.
When I wos о child, I used to wolk to school every doy. 11 а) Match the exchanges, then, in pairs,
There used to Ье о sирегmогkеt оп this street. the dialogue aloud.
Be/Get used to means "Ье in the hablt of", Ье or ~ А: You'll never guess what happened to те
Ьесоте familiar with sb or sth through experience. weekend.
It is followed Ьу ап -ing form or а noun.
[I@J А: Well, 1 was riding ту blke down а
I have got used to getting ир ot 4 от now thot "т
road when I got а flat tyre.
working ot the bokery.
After о while уои'lI get used to the noise. ~ А: I decided to walk to the nearest house to
for help.
9 FШ in: used to or islamlare used to. ~ А: No. There were по houses for miles.
it started to rain.
Jane is used exercising - she's Ьееп
~ А: No, not really. Luckily, after а few minutes,
going jogging for years.
саг сате along. The driver gave те а lift
2 John used take the bus to work but
the next vШаgе.
he drives now.
3 1 'т used speaking French because I've а В: Oh, how awful! Did you get very wet?

lived in Paris for five years. Ь В: That was а relief!

4 Ош mother used to tell us stories when we с В: Oh по! What did you do?

were young. d В: And did you find а house?

5 Pete is used to cooking - he prepares dinner every е В: Why? What happened?
evening.
Ь) Now, in pairs, use the prompts below
6 Diane used to live оп а farm but now she lives in the city.
act out а similar dialogue.
7 Louisa is used to living in а hot climate. Suggested Answers
8 Не used to work in а bank but now he has his own business.
driving/run out of petrol/garage/van/into town

А narrative describes а series of events. These сап

Ье imaginary or based оп our own experience.
1О Find the mistakes and correct them. When we write а story we first have to decide оп
1 Could you~switch/turn оп the radio so I сап listen the plot and the main characters. In the
to the news? introduction we set the scene and introduce the
2 Сап I ~borrow your саг? Mine's at the garage main character(s).ln the main body paragraphs we
and I need to do some shopping. describe the events in the order they happened.
3 Му brother has got long ~ hair. Опе of the events should Ье the сliтах event (the

4 "т afraid you ~ were wrong about who most important event of the story). 'П the
conclusion we write what happened in the end and
discovered America, so you lose five points.
how the characters felt. We use various adjectives
5 I look forward to you when you visit ош
and adverbs to make our story тоге interesting.
town again.
Always гететЬег to use writing techniques to
6 After а hard day at work, John loves sitting in а
make your story тоге interesting (see unit 5, р. 22).
comfortabIe armchair and ~ TV.

зо
 А Ghoslly Wеlсоше

~it 12 а) the key words in the rubric. 4 How has the writer started/ended the story?
answer the questions. 5 What tenses has the writer used?
,r те. ~Щ=lqЕ~stЕ~d Answers _О/СЧ,Г'\П 6 What other verbs, adjectives, adverbs has the
:hings writer used to make his/her story more interesting?
:.-:-;~~::>;;,;;;;...;..;....-. is running а competition for the
best ,§,!:югt story entitled 'А Narrow Escape'. d) Write the plot line о! the story.
Write your story.

• Who is going to read уош story? 13 Read the sentences in the two columns
• What could the story Ье about? below and put the events in the correct
order. Then, use words from the list below
Ь) Read the story and replace the words in
read to replace the bold parts.
bold with words and phrases from the list.
dashed, appeared, pulled hard оп the brakes,
screamed, thunder ~umbIed loudly, terribIe, relieved, shouted, swerved, hurried, landed painfully
ne las\ terrified, rushing, joyfully, lightning flickered,
relieved, chirping
Column А Column В
;Quntry:
а Тiт turned to avoid the The driver picked Тiт up and
cat.2 put him in the car. 1
Ь Tim braked but he couldn't The driver waited with Tim until
stop. 3 his parents arrived. 1
с Tim couldn't stand up. 7 k The driver stopped the car
d А cat ran into the road in and got out. 1О
front of Tim's bike. 1 Tim was glad to Ье safe.
е Тim's leg was hurting m The driver took Тiт to
terribIy. 6 hospital. 12
f Тiт called for help. 8 n А car came round the corner.
9 Tim's bike fell heavily оп о Tim decided to repair his bike
top of him. 5 and mend the brakes as soon
h Tim fell down оп the road. 4 as his leg was better.

14 а) Underline the I<ey words in the rubrk.

Then, answer the questions in the
(See Answers _t:>/'., ,Г'"
Your school newspaper is running а short storl
competition entitled 'Close shave' and you have
decided to enter.
Plan
Introduction:
Para 1: Where were the main character(s)?
When did it happen?
Main Body:
Paras 2-З:Whаt exactly happened? (List the events in
chronological order.) What was the climax
event?
Conclusion:
Рага 4: What was the outcome? How did the main
character(s) feel?

с) Answer the questions. Ь) Write the story (120-180 words). Use

ectives
(See Suggested Answers Section) уоиа" answers йп Exs I 3 and 14а to help
~esting.
1 Who аге the characters in the story? уои. Remember to use appropriate
ues to
2 What is the climax event?
l,p.2~1· ~Щ1qЕ!stЕ~d Answers .... a'....Tlr'n
3 What is the topic in each paragraph?

31
 Hard Iimes
1 Match the words to their defini~ionso
Column А 1;" have
1 seek с 2 apply for d 3 earn е 4 encourage Ь 5 retire а
Column В
а stop working because of reaching а certain age
Ь арргоуе of sth people do & support them to go оп
с try to find or 6btain sth
d ask for sth Ьу writing а letter or filling in а form
е get топеу for the work you do
2 Form adjectives Ьу using the words in
brackets together with the appropriate
suffix -аbIеl-ibIе to fil' in the gaps.
1 I must sell ту car, so I will accept апу reasonabIe
(reason) offer.
2 In order to lose weight, опе must follow а sensibIe
(sense) diet.
3 Cindy is responsibIe (response) for keeping the
accounts in her office.
4 This sofa is very soft and comfortabIe (comfort).
5 She always wears very fashionabIe (fashion)
clothes.
6 1 don't think the excuse he made for being late was
believabIe (believe).
3 Underline the correct word.
1 Oon't .m.is..s/lose the new television series that
begins at 1О o'clock this evening.
2 Jackie had to retire/resign from her position so
that she could take care of her ЬаЬу.
3 Му father has twenty employers/wployees working
for him in his supermarket.
4 I couldn't believe that he shouted at her. His attitude/
behavjour was quite rude.
5 Jason is а great athlete; I think he will wlnIearn the
гасе easily.
6 What is the correct accent/pronunciation of the
word 'tomato'?
7 It is important to read the rules of the toy/~
before you begin to play.
8 Jim agreed to stay late at the office to complete his
jobIwork.
9 The two boys were having. а/ап lively/alive
conversation about music.
10 Paul and Katy have а lot of probIems; I don't think
their marrjage}wedding will last very long.
32
WШ is used:
• for on-the-spot decisions.
а сир ОГ coffee, please.
• to express hopes, fears, threats, offers,
promises, etc with the verbs expect, hope,
think, believe, I'm sure/afraid, etc.
1 hope he;1l соте.
• to make predictions based оп what we think.
She'lI probabIy Ьuу а new car.
Ве going to is used:
• for planned actions or intentions.
I'm going to са" the plumber tomorrow.
.. when there is evidence in the present that
sth is going to happen in the future.
Look! That tree is going to (а" down!
Present Continuous is used for fixed
arrangements in the near future.
/'m f1ying to Milan tomorrow.
4 FiII in the gaps with will, Ье going to 01"
Present Cont;nuous.
1 Susan is going to go/is going (go) to
hairdresser's tomorrow. She's already made
appointment.
2 I'm very tired. I think I will go/am going to go/
going (go) to bed.
3 I ат going to see/am seeing (see) ту dentist
Fridayafternoon.
4 There are dark clouds in the sky. It is going
(rain).
5 I expect he will agree (agree) with ош suggestio
6 А: There is а coffee stain оп the carpet.
В: I know. 1 ат going to clean (clean) it with
special detergent.
7 1 hope the children will enjoy/are going to enj
(enjoy) the party.
8 She is going to meet/is meeting (meet) her I
at the beginning of next week.
9 А: Has Oavid started his homework?
В: Not yet. Не is going to start (start) it in а min
10 I will call/am going to call (call) you this eveni
about ош plans for tomorrow.
11 I ат going (go) to meet ту friends in the park I
this afternoon.
12 А: Isn't that Amanda, оуег there?
В: Yes. She is going (go) to the music school
her piano lesson.
 F

Hard Jimes
5 FШ in the gaps with if or unless. 11 Susan will cook (cook) the meal if I buy (buy) the
ingredients.
you finis~ уош homework, you can't go to 12 Му sister often says she will write (write) to те, but
the cinema tonight. she never does.
2 If it's а warm, sunny day tomorrow, we will go to the
beach. 7 Read the following situations and provide
3 She won't buy а CD-player unless she has en-ough advice for each опе using the expressions
s, топеу. below and the notes given. Уои сап use your
е,
4 The ЬаЬу won't cry unless it is hungry. own ideas as well.
5 Не will go to university if he passes the exams.
(See Suggested Answers -";Сн'"'1",""',n
6 If you don't get up early, you'll miss the bus. You should/ought to/could; How/What about;
7 Не will Ье promoted if he works hard.
Why don't you; If I were you, I would;The best
k.
8 Unless you соте with те, I won't go to the party; I thing you сап do is to; I strongly advise you to
don't know апуопе there. 1 "Му son isn't doing well at school.
9 The machine won't work unless you switch it оп How сап I help him?"
first! .. talk to his teacher
10 1'11 tell you what happened to те last night if you .. have extra lessons at home
promise not to laugh. • encourage him to study more

We do not use future tenses after: when (time

conjunction), while, before, until, Ьу the time, 2 "!'ve won the lottery! How should I
if (conditional), as soon as, after, etc. When уоu spend ту топеу?"
see her, tell her to ca1l те. .. travel around the world
but: Future forms сап Ье used where when is .. buy а big house
used as а question word and if means 'whether'. .. help the роог
) When wШ уоu Ье back (rom your trip?
je Не is not sure ;( he wШ соте to the party tomorrow.

Jo/am з "1 work long hours and I don't have

6 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
tense, Future Simple о," Present Simple. much free time to see ту family."
tist оп • try to work fewer hours
They will check (check) the dates before they send • go оп excursions with them at
to rain (send) the invitations. weekends
2 As soon as we finish (finish) dinner, I will serve • change job/talk to уош boss
,tions; (serve) some dessert.
3 I go (go) for а walk before I prepare (prepare)
with а dinner.
4 If you don't know (not/know) what to do, I 1'11 Ье
enjoy (Ье) glad to help you.
5 When I type (type) the letter, I will make (make) 8 Tick (/) the correct sentences or cross out
lawyer you а сору.
(Х) the unnecessary word.
6 I don't know if they will accept (accept) ту
proposal. 1 When they ~ finish redecorating their flat, they'll
l1inute, 7 When I see (see) Mary tomorrow, 1will give (give) have а party.
~vening her уош message. 2 I don't know if they will go оп with the project as
8 When will you рау (you/pay) the топеу back? planned . .1
lrk latel 9 I bring (bring) the books to уош house tonight. 3 She will Ье upset unless you ~ invite her to уош
10 Martin visits (visit) his sister and her family most party.
weekends. 4 When will you let те know about the job? .1
1001 fOI 5 Check the address before уоu),ttЗJ post the letter.

33
 Hard Iimes

9 Study' the following examples, then

complete the sentences using the words in 11 а) FШ in the gaps with phrases from the list.
bold. Use two to five words. Then, in pairs, read the dialogue aloud.
;----------------- ----------- --- ; I really need some advice, What do you think 1
1. ~

You won't understand if you don't рау attention.

unless You won't understand unless уои рау
:
:
should do, it would Ье а good idea, That's
excellent advice, That's а good idea
I
I attention. А: 1) I need some Топу. Сап you help
:. Why don't you ask for some advice оп this matter? : В: 1'11 try. What's the ргоЫет?
would If I were уои, I would ask for some : А: Well, I'm thinking of getting а new job.
I
advice оп this matter. 2) What do you think I should do?
:. I advise you to lose weight. В: Well, first of all, you should look in the job
OUgtlt You ought to Jose weight. ОА I
I of the newspaper.
I
should You should lose weight. I
А: З) That's а idea. 1'11 do that.
I
'i
В: Also, 4) it would Ье idea to write
1 Why don't you look for another job? companies you would like to work for and ask
would If I were you, I would look for another job. they need апу staff.
2 Не won't get а promotion if he doesn't work hard. А: 5) That's excellent Thanks, Топу.
works Не won't get а unless he Ьееп really helpful.
works hard.
3 I advise you to give up smoking. Ь) Now, in pairs, use the ideas below to
should You shouid give up smoking. out similar dialogues.
4 You can't drive if you don't pass уош driving test. Suqqes1ted Answers >...::,.."-,'1-,,",,,,\

unless You can't drive unless you pass уош

1 Уош
friend is worried about her exams.
driving test.
him/her to make а revision timetabIe and to
5 I advise you to stop eating fatty foods.
regular breaks from studying.
were If I were you, I would stop eating fatty
2 Уош friend wants to make some топеу.
foods.
him/her to get а part-time job and to spend less.
6 If we don't leave now, we'll Ье late for school.
unless We'll Ье late for school unless we leave
now.

Letters asking for 01" giving advice сап Ье formal

1О Find the mistakes and correct them.
1 Last night I went to the cinema with а friend of ~
mine.
2 She heard the man)(scream for help.
3 That event crlanged their I~ lives dramatically.
4 Farmers grow ~wheat in the fields.
5 When we heard the joke we laughed I~ loudly.
6 I want to thank all those who are ~ here today.
7 Peter ~ lent те some топеу so that I
could рау for ту ticket.
8 The heavy rain prevented us ~ from playing
outdoors.
9 She ran quickly but still ~ missed the bus.
10 Не was late for the meeting, as -=--_______.,..
or informal depending оп the situation. Letters
giving advice are written in response to а request
and contain suggestions to solve а specific probIem
which are always introduced with appropriate
(formal or informal) language. They сап Ье written
Ьу а friend (to а friend), а consultant or somebody
who writes in ап advice column in а magazine. 'П
the introduction we thank the person for his/her
letter and express our understanding of his/her
probIem. 'П the main body we make our
suggestions/give our advice together with the
reasons/expected results. The number of
paragraphs in the main body depends оп the
number of suggestions we want to make. 'П the
conclusion we write our closing remarks wishing
the person good luck.

34
 Hard

Formal letters are sent to people in an official 13 Match the to the :::Hi!"'I .... ""
position or people we don't know very well. The use the language from the letter in 12Ь to
characteristics of formal style in letters are: make sentences, as in the
е list. • the greeting (Dear Ms Taylor, Dear Sir/Madam)
Jd. • frequent use of the passive ProbIems Advice
hink I • formal language (complex sentences, non-
1 I want to lose weight. d а Get а part-time job.
colloquial English)
2 I don't know what to Ь Visit уош 'осаl travel
• по contracted forms (I'm, you're, you'd etc)
do now that "уе left agent.
• the ending (Yours sincerely,/Yours faithfully)
рте?
school. "f с Buy а simple гесфе
Informal letters are sent to friends, relatives or 3 I need some extra book.
other people we know very wеll.тhе characteristics money. а d Cut down оп sweets
of informal style in letters are: 4 I don't know where to and crisps.
• the greeting (Dear Al, Dear Mum etc) go оп holiday. Ь е Oon't work so hard.
ection
• informal language (idioms, colloquial English) 5 I don't know how to f Visit уош 'осаl
• contracted forms cook. с Careers Advice
• the ending (Yours,/Love,/Best wishes, Ellen) 6 I feel tired аll the Centre.
'ite to
time. е
ask if 12 а) Underline the key words in the rubric.
Then, answer the questions. If уои want to /ose weight, I would suggest that уои cut
(ou've down оп sweets and crisps.
You work for а women's magazine where you
write in the advice column. You have received а
ktter from Mrs Hampton asking you for advice_ оп 14 а) Underline the key words in the rubric.
:0 act Then, answer the questions in the
how she сап improve her health. Write the letter.

• What kind of letter is it, а letter asking for ог giving You work for ап .§}ll2.!2Y-mепt office where you
t\dvise advice? letter advice have received а letter from lonathan asking you
о take • What kind of language should the letter Ье written for advice оп finding а job.
in, formal ог informal? Why? formal
t\dvise person Plan
ess. IntroductiQI1:
Ь) Read the letter and underline the Рага 1: How сап you start уош letter?
phrases which are in keeping with the Main Body:
appropriate style. Paras 2-З:Whаt аге уош suggestions?
What is уош advice?
'таl
Оеаг IYJrs Нашрtоп/Gеоrgiа,
What аге the expected resu Its?
ters Ihank УОУ for уощ leUer reQyestjng/1 just got your letter asking for
Conclusion:
Jest advice about what you should do in order to improve your health. There аге
Рага 4: How сап you end уош letter? What kind of
Ilem а пиmЬег 01 simple ways in which you сап Ьесоте fitter and healthier
without a~ering your lifestyle too much so here's what I think уои should language should you use, formal ог informal?
'iate
tten dod Ьоре the followinq advice wШ Ье 01 some help 10 уои.
,ody J wоЩd rЩ;Qmmйшd thaVWhy don't you start walking to work instead of Ь) Use the ideas below to write your letter
drivlng or taking the bus. 'П this way, уои will get plenty of exercise. I would
~. In ( I 20-1 80 words).
~о suqqest that уои/I think уои should take some fruit to work with you.
Iher
Ву dOing this, уои will not Ье tempted to snack оп unhealthy foods.
Iher • visit уош local Job Centre - тапу аdvегtisегпепts
Furthermore, I would advise уои to/what уои should do is eat а salad
our for jobs/helpful staff that сап tell you how to fill in
for lunch, as this will give уои plenty of vitamins and minerals. Finally, I
the application forms, how to make а good impression
would suqgest that уои/уои ought 10 drink plenty of water. Two litres 01'
of water а day us keep our bodies healthy. at an interview
the I hope lbese sUQQestjons wШ Ье 01 help 10 you/this has helped. I wish • buy the local newspaper еуегу day - you will find
the уои well in your new, hea~hy lifestyle. plenty of advertisements for jobs in уош area
hing
Lоvе/Y.Qщs sincerely • write to companies in уош area/send them recent
~Ш]fНеlеп copies of уош CV

35
 Lost Civilisations
7 The butcher tried to sell те some
leathery/ leather steak today.
8 Motorcyclists wear leathery /Ieather jackets to
1 Match the words to their synonyms.
protect themselves from the cold.
9 00 you know where I сап find а feathery/feather
duster?
10 Feathery/Feather snowflakes started fal\ing to the
1 strong с а decrease
ground.
2 осеап е Ь conquer
3 decline а с powerful
4 invade Ь d valuabIe
5 precieus d е sea

Уои сап add certain suffixes to some verbs Reported speech

and nouns to form nouns referring to people Reported speech is the exact meaning of
whose job or hobby involves the idea someone's words but not their exact words.
described in the original verb or noun. We сап use the verbs tell and say to introduce
-er: ru/e +- ruler, -ian: comedy +- comedian reported speech.
-or: act +- actor, -ist: piano +- pianist Не to/d те that he was tired. (tell + object)
Не said to те that he was tired. (say + to + object)
2 Use the verbs and nouns below together with Не said (that) he was tired. (say without ап object)
appropriate suffixes to form other nouns.
1 conquer conqueror 5 work worker Study the way tenses change in reported
2 science scientist 6 art artist speech.
3 history historian 7 lead leader Present Simple -+ Past Simple or Present
4 invent inventor 8 music musician Simple "Не waJks to school," she said. -+ She said
(that) he wa/ked to school.
Certain adjectives сап Ье used metaphorically: Present Continuous -+ Past Continuous "Не
silky hair (smooth and soft, like silk), but а silk is wa/king to school," she said. -+ She toJd те that he
shirt (а shirt made of silk), а stony face (а was wa/king to school.
disapproving look), but а stone church (а church
Past Simple -+ Past Perfect "Не wa/ked to schoo/,"
made of stone), golden hair (bIond hair), but а
she said. -+ She said (that) he had walked to school.
gold coin (а coin made of gold), feathery leaves
(soft and delicate, like feathers), but а feather Past Continuous -+ Past Perfect Continuous
cushion (а cushion containing feathers), leathery "Не was walking to school," she said. -+ She toJd те
skin (tough and hard), but leather trousers he had Ьееп walking to school.
(trousers made of leather). Note: Past Simple/Past Continuous do not
change in time clauses. "Не called те while I
з Underline the correct adjective. was having lunch," she said. -+ She said (that) he
called/had caJJed whi/e she was having lunch.
1 She had beautiful gold/golden skin after her beach future Simple -+ would + bare infinitive "Не
holiday. will wa/k to schoo/," she said. -+ She said (that) he
2 Му husband gave те ап expensive golden/gold wou/d wa/k to school.
ring for Christmas. Present Perfect -+ Past Perfect "Не has wa/ked
3 His stony/stone expression told те he wasn't to school," she said. -+ She said (that) he had wa/ked
pleased with те. to schoo/.
4 We stayed in ап old stony/stone farmhouse in Wales. Present Perfect Continuous -+ Past Perfect
5 That's а fantastic silky/silk scarf! Continuous "Не has Ьееп wa/king to school," she
6 The children loved stroking the dog's silky/silk coat. said. -+ She said (that) he had Ьееп wa/king to school.

36
 Lost Сivilisаtiопs

I
Certain words and time expressions change Direct
__ .............. _speech
.... .... .... _-_ .... "'" : Reported speech
- ----- -
ibIe, according to the meaning of the sentence. -~-
"1'11 Ьuу уоu а new : Не promised to Ьuу
now -~ then last week ~ the week before bike." :I her а new bike.
s to today ~ that day next week -~ the week after : Не promised he would
tonight ~ that night ago ~ before I
: Ьuу her а new bike.
lther here ~ there yesterday ~ the day before I

соте ~ go tomorrow -~ the next day "No, I won't go." : She refused to go.
I

) the Pronouns change according to meaning. "Уоu ought to stay in :I Не advised те to

bed." stay in bed.
"['т sorry 1 forgot your She apologised (о,
То report а question we use:
birthday." forgettinglhaving
а) ask + question word (where, why, who, etc) forgotten ту birthday.
when the direct question begins with а
question word.
"Let's listen to some Не suggested listening
"Who knocked оп the door?" she asked him. music." to some music.
Не suggerted we
She asked Ыт who had knocked оп the door.
of Iirtenedlshould lirten to
Ь) ask + if/whether when the direct question
some music.
begins with ап auxiliary verb (have, сап, do, etc).
Ice
"Have уоu got апу топеу?" he asked her. 5 Use appropriate introductory verbs to
Не asked her if/whether she had апу топеу. rewrite the sentences in reported speech.
ct) In reported questions we use affirmative word order. 1 "1 will пеуег tell lies again," he said.
:ct) Не promised пеуег to tell lies/to lie
2 "You should go to the dentist," she said to те.
4 Rewrite the statements and questions in She advised те to go to the dentist.
:ed reported speech. 3 "I'm sorry I spilt coffee оп уош carpet," he said.
"Jill broke ту computer!" Thomas said. She apologised for spilling/having spilt
ent
ту carpet.
;aid ТhОПlаs said that Jill had broken his computer.
2 "Where did they make the film?" Топу asked те. 4 "We could go to the cinema tonight," she said.
Топу asked те where they had made the film.
She suggested that we went to the cinema that
'Не 5 "No, I won't соте with you," he said to те.
3 "Тгасу has Ьееп studying here all day," he said.
t he Не refused to 90 with те.
Не те that Тгасу had Ьееп studying there all
day. Indirect questions are used when we ask for
001,"
4 "Аге you taking the dog to the vet tomorrow?" Мг information politely. They are introduced with
01.
Brown asked his wife. Оо уои know... ?, Can/Could уои tell me ... ?,
ous Mr Brown asked his wife if/whether she was taking Науе уои апу idea... ?, Would уои mind ... ? and
r те the to the vet the next day. I'd like to know.... We use affirmative word
5 "James will ргераге dinner tomorrow," she said. order in indirect questions.
not She that James would prepare dinner the next "What time does the bus /eave?" -+ 00 уоu know
lile I day. what time the bus leaves?
) he S, "When will I see you again?" Alex asked Angela. "WiII he Ье out of the office for /ong?" -+ Have уоu
Alex asked Angela when he would see her again. апу idea if he will Ье out of the office for long?
"Не
6 Complete the following indirect questions.
t) he
1 "What is this flower called?"
Introductory Verbs Оо you know what this flower
11ked
11ked 2 "How much аге they?"
Apart from say and tell there are also other
introductory verbs that we сап use to report the I'd like to know how much
tone of the speaker's words (e.g. refusal, apology, 3 "Where is the station?"
-fect
promise, suggestion, advice, etc.) Would you mind telling те where the station is?
" she
4 "Who is that Ьоу?"
:hool.
I'd like to know who is.

31
_..........--------------------------
losl Civilisalions
Steps
• Read the title. It will help YOLl understand
what the text is about,
• Read the text оп се to get the general meaning.
• Decide which part of speech the missing word
is (noun, verb, etc) and what its meaning is.
• Read the text again and fill in the gaps with one
word only. Don't leave empty gaps.The missing
words сапЪе: prepositions ((or, оп, in); auxiliary
verbs & modals (are, would); relatives &
possessives (who, ту); quantifiers (much, some,
апу); articles (а, ап, the); adverbs (never, ever);
linking words (however, despite).
7 fШ йп the gaps with only опе word.
Cleopatra was per haps Egypt' s
famous queen, but 'l'utankhamen was
of (1) the best known kings. Не was
young man who ruled between 1333
1323 ВС. 'l'utankhamen was only about 18
he died. Today, he is known for ЫБ magnificent tomb, ,
(2) wmch was discovered in 1922. Unlike many other
toinbs, it had not been touched (3) robbers.
Inside the small tomb archaeologists found the king's
coffin, which (4) made of gold. 'l'he king's head was
covered with а wonderful gold mask, which is now (5)
display in а museum in Cairo. 'l'he mummy was wearing ,
beautiful jewellery. There were other rooms in the tomb '
(6) archaeologists found furniture, clothes, а
chariot and weapons. The ancient Egyptians believed
Tutankhamen would use these (7) ЫБ death in the
next life.
Hieroglyphics were found оп the walls which have told I
archaeologists а lot about life in Egypt at (8) time.
8 Complete the following sentences using the
words йп bold. Use two to five words.
1 "1 work in а bank," ОеЬЫе said to те.
told ОеЬЫе told те that she worked in а
bank.
38
2 "Where have you Ьееп this morning?" she asked
that She asked him
morning.
3 "How did Sid make this?" he asked her.
had Не asked her how Sid had made that.
4 "You will meet а tall, dark stranger," she said to
told She Апп that
dark stranger.
5 "Why has Dick been ignoring те?" Сеliа asked
Ьееп Сеliа asked ВоЬ Dick had
IrH1'Г'll'"lnrt her.
9 а) Match the exchanges, then, in pairs,
the dialogue aloud.
[I0 А: I'd like to book а city tour of Cairo, please.
[[@J А: Right. I'd like the afternoon tour, please.
@Iill А: Two, please. How much аге the tickets?
@:lliJ А: Fine. Does the tour include the pyramids?
А: Wonderful. Thank you very much.
а В: How тапу places would you like to book?
Ь В: Of course. The guide will take you inside опе
the pyramids.
с В: Certainly. We have two city tours every day.
tours start at ten а.т. and three р.т.
d В: They're ten dollars each. That's twenty
Ь) Now, in pairs, use the prompts below
act out similar dialogues.
~UqqeS1[ed Answers '-'"",,,",1""""
1 Paris/three places/twenty Euros/Eiffel Tower
2 Rome/four places/twenty-five Euros/Colosseum
We usually write а formal transactional letter
to respond to something we have seen, read or
received in writing, that is, advertisements, letters,
notes, invitations and/or visual prompts (maps,
drawings, etc). When you write а transactional
letter you should include all the relevant factual
information given in the rubric, using your own
words. In the introduction we write our opening
remarks and explain the reason for writing the
letter. In the main body we ask questions or give
the information required. We usually ask our
questions in а formal indirect way. In the
conclusion we write our closing remarks.
 3

1.
10 Read the rubrk and underline the 11
3.t words.
You are i ..... " .. r.r .. r',-!

holida1:. Read the advertisement

I wOIJld like to ask you whеп/whеге/if/whеthег
п.
as the notes that 1:0u have тa~ and ~:..;;;,.;;;,....;;;.
etc ... , I wonder if you could те know ., I
.11, letter asking for information .
need to know ... , I would like ... , I also
require information оп ... ,
Ь.
:m

within \Af ..... II/iv,~

Is ADVENTURE of
what you need? hotel?
(11 where
have you (11 included in
сап handle! price?

All-in packages
from :ЕI000.

•
• I would like to know if the beach is within
• distance of the hotel.
~ of

The Read the letter and

in the correct order. 12 Underline the
ars.
Dear Sir/Madam,
[bl]] I also require information оп accommodation. WiII we Ье
staying in tents ог in а hotel? If we аге staying in tents, аге these
provided Ьу the centre ог should we bring our own? Finally, I wonder if
you could tell те whether all meals аге included in the full cost ог if the
price only includes breakfast.
ШAJ I look forward to receiving details about the adventure
holidays. Thank you in advance for your help.
[ш] Firstly, 1would like to know what kinds of activities аге оп offer Plan

еУ
at the adventure centre. Also, 1would Ье grateful if you could let те know I ntroduction:
whether all the equipment is provided and if this is included in the full price. Para 1: What are уош opening remarks?
::>r
iS, [QПJ I ат writing to inquire about your advertisement in the July What is уош reason for
)S, edition of Holidays magazine. 1ат interested in booking опе of уош Main
lаl adventure holidays but 1 would Ье grateful if you could send те Paras 2-З:Whаt questions do you have to ask?
Jal further details. 00 you have апу other to ask?
IVn Conclusion:
Ing
Yours faithfully, Para 4: What аге уош remarks?
:he George Thomas

Read the letter Has the writer

included all

39
 Citizens 2050
4 Underline the correct word.

1 Match the words to their opposites.

1 essential d а disliked
islaf1d?
2 healthy е Ьdomestic
Susan Js а British member/citizen.
3 popular а с interesting
The answers/results of the survey
4 regularly.f d unnecessary
show that реорlЭ аге becoming тоге
5 optimistic 9 е unwell
aware of environmental probIems.
6 boring с f rarely
She decided to die/dye her dress
7 wild (animal) Ь 9 pessimistic green.
This club is уегу popular/well-known
2 Match the adjectives in the list below to the with the teenagers in the агеа.
nouns. Some adjectives тау Ье used more 6 The sky was уегу clear/clean - there
than опсе.
were по clouds at all.
fast, healthy, space, clean, boring, fattening, creative,
polluted, well-paid, ready-made, sea, economical,
environmentally-friendly

1 fast; clean; economical; environmentally-friendly саг

2 fast; healthy; fattening; ready-made food
3 space; sea; exploration
4 clean air
5 boring; creative job
з Group the words in the list below around
the bubbIes according to their meaning.
broadcast, programs, festival, news story, streets,
traditional, viewers/readers, centre, entertainment,
dwellers, costumes, reporter/journalist, studies,
event, mayor, invitation, newspapers, town hall,
laboratory, keyboard, scientific breakthrough,
article, monitor, experiment, council, printer,
scientist, disk, physics
(See Suggested Answers Section)
5 FШ in the correct preposition.
1 The woman didn't have enough money to рау
her shopping.
2 I prefer travelling Ьу bus in the city centre.
3 She studies уегу hard and she is always
aboLlt her ехат results.
4 When I was younger I cooked for fun, but now I
it boring.
5 It was ту brother's turn to take the dog for а
6 The Ьоу felt isolated from the other children in
new school.
7 Nowadays, we сап make friends оп the Internet.
8 8ill is excited about his new job in Paris. Оп
other hand, he doesn't want to 'еауе his family
friends.

computer city
6 Join the following pairs of sentences using:
furthermore, ;п addit;on, тогеоуе" what ;$
however, but, оп the other hand, although.

science 1 People need to Ье informed about

probIems. They should Ье taught how to help
mass them.
celebrations media Реор/е need to Ье informed about
probIems. Furthermore, they should Ье taught
to he/p solve them.

40
 Citizens 2050
2 Some people аге optimistic about the future. 8 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
Others feel that life will Ьесоте worse. future forms.
people are optimistic about the future, but/on
the other hand, otners feel that life will Ьесоте worse.
А This time next week
3 New cars will Ье тоге environmentally-friendly.
They will Ье easier to drive. Julie 1) will Ье flying
cars will Ье тоге environmentally-frie[1dly. (fly) to Australia. She
What is more/ln addition, they will Ье easier to drive. 2) will visit (visit) her
4 The amount of pollution given off Ьу factories is sister there, and she is
decreasing. The hole in the ozone layer is still sure she З) will have
growing. (have) а wonderful
amount of pOllution given off Ьу factories is time. She 4) is staying/
decreasing; however, the hole in the ozone 'ауег is will stay (stay) for а
still growing. month, and Ьу the time
5 Most people live in cities for work reasons. А lot of she leaves she 5) will
them would prefer to live in the country. have seen (see) all
Most people live in cities for work reasons, although sorts of new and
а of them would prefer to live in the country. exciting places.
В Charles 1) will Ье starting (start) university next
month. Не is rather nervous but hopes he 2)
Future Continuous is used for: meet (meet) some nice people there. Не З)
а) actions in progress at а stated future time. studying (study) law and he hopes he 4) will
I!PU Ье f1ying to Madrid this time next week. graduate (graduate) after three years. Of course
Ь) actions which are part of our routine. he 5) will have to (haveto) work hard but he hopes
'»11 Ье ironing оп Saturday afternoon as usua/. he б) will have (have) time to enjoy himself too.
С Janet has just bought an old house, and for the
Future Perfect is used for actions which will
next уеаг ог so she 1) will Ье fixing (fix) it up. The
, for have finished before а certain time in the future.
first thing she 2) will do (do) is have the roof
Тот wШ have typed a/l the letters Ьу fJve о'clock.
repaired, and then she hopes she З) will Ье
(Ье аЫе) to live there. She is afraid she 4) will
istic 7 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct not finished (not/finish) Ьу next Christmas, but she
tense, Future Continuous or Future Perfect. 5) is inviting (invite) her friends to соте and
find celebrate with her anyway.
1 This time next month 1 will Ье skiing (ski) in the Alps.
2 Sue will have finished (finish) her Master's degree D Ву the end of the уеаг Sally 1) will have been
valk. working (work) for the same company for thirty
Ьу next уеаг.
1 his years. She hopes that she 2) will Ье аЫе (Ье аЫе)
3 1 Ье attending (attend) а meeting in Glasgow
оп Monday, so 1 won't Ье at fhe reception.
to retire after two тоге years. After she retires, she
et. imagines that she З) will Ье travelling (travel) most
4 1 have read (read) the whole book Ьу the end
1 the of the time, and she believes she 4) will have visited
, and of the week.
5 If you phone Julie now, she will Ье studying (visit) at least fifty countries Ьу the time she is
(study), as she always does in the evenings. seventy years old.
6 WiII you have finished (you/finish) the timetabIe Ьу
the end of the day?
nore, 7 After he has been to Switzerland, he will have
9 Choose the correct item.
visited (visit) еуегу country in Ешоре. 1 "т sorry "т late .......... long?
8 1 Ье watching (watch) а video this evening, so А Науе you waited © Have you been waiting
lental
why don't you соте round? В Did you wait
solve
9 It will have taken (take) us three weeks to finish this
project Ьу the time it's completed. 2 Не ......... to Rome еуегу month.
nenta!
,t how 10 I will Ье waiting (wait) for you in the cafe, so there's А is travelling ® travels С travelling
по need for you to hurry.

41
 Citizens 2050
з Paul ......... in Munich for two weeks Ьу next Monday.
А will Ье С is going to Ье
® will have Ьееп

4 The man's clothes were covered in paint because

12 а) Fill in the gaps with phrases from the lis
he ......... his flat.
below. Then, in pairs, read the dialogue
А paints .с has painted aloud.
® had Ьееп painting
how much does it cost, I'm interested in, сап i

5 She ......... her grandparents this month.
А wasn't visiting © hasn't visited
В hadn't visited
1О Complete the second sentence so that it has
а similar meaning to the first sentence, using
the word in bold. Use two to five words.
enrol, how long is the course
А: Excuse те. 1) "т interested in taking а computE
course.
В: I see. Well, we have а course starting оп the 11
March.
А: Yes, that sounds fine. 2) How long is the
В: It lasts for three months with classes
Tuesday and Thursday.
А: Right. And З) how much does it cost?
В: It's Е200. That includes books and classes.
А: That sounds very reasonabIe. 4) Сап I enrol?
В: Yes, of course. 1'11 just take уош details.

I met а friend of mine Ьу chance while 1 was in Rome.

ran 1 ran into а friend of mine while I was in Ь) Now, in pairs, use the prompts below
Rome. act out similar dialogues.
2 The restaurant was so smoky that we had to leave. (See Answers
such It was such а restaurant that we 1 writing/10th May/two months/Monday and
had to leave. Е150

3 When did you move into уош new flat?
moved How long is it since you moved into уош
new flat?
4 Paul said, "Would you like to go to the cinema?"
about Paul said, about going to the
cinema?"
11 Find the mistakes and correct them.
1 While I get ready for school, 1 listen to music.
2 It's so hot; let's go for~ а swim.
3 1'11 wait for you at the bus stop.
4 His mother made him )«(tell the truth.
5 Магiе>Жt made а lot of mistakes in the test.
6 Сап you please~ switch off the TV? I want to
go to sleep.
7 I ~ did the shopping in half ап hour.
8 The little Ьоу ~ had а nightmare last night.
9 We should dust the house; it isn't very~ clean.
10 The dress 1 saw looked the same ~ as УОШБ.
11 Health and happiness аге тоге important~ than
топеу.
2 French/15th July/four months/Wednesday
Friday/E400
Proposal reports аге normaly written for
someone in authority (e.g. your employer, the /осоl
council, etc). They present plans and/or suggestions
for future courses of action. For example, the
purpose of а proposal report could Ье to suggest
ways to improve а school library, to make а
bookshop ог а sports centre тоге attractive to
young people, etc. They аге always formal in style.
In the introduction of а proposal report we state
its purpose and content. 'П the main body we
present each ргоЫет and suggestion under а
suitabIe sub-heading. The number of paragraphs in
the main body depends оп the number of
suggestions you want to make. In the conclusion
we summarise the information from the main
body. We should always begin our report Ьу
stating who the report is addressed to and what
their position is, the writer's пате and position as
well as what the report is about and the date.

42
 Citizens 2050
13 Underline the I<ey words in the rubric. 14 Match the probIems to the suggestions,
then make sentences,as in the example.
You аге ап assistant manager for Dayton
Seorts Centre and your manager has asked you ProbIems
list to suggest ways to attract тоге people to the 1 dark - not enough lighting с
sports centre. Write your reeort making your 2 not enough chairs - nowhere for students to sit
suggestions. and read Ь
лl
3 not а great variety of books
Read the report. What's its aim? Choose 4 it is closed during break times, students unabIe to
from the list о! sub-headings below to fШ use the library in their free time
uter
йп the bIanl<s in the report.

Activities, Service, Purpose, Prices, Conclusion, Suggestions

1st а орепat all times - students аге аЫе to use it in
Location, Cafe, Facilities
their free time
;е?
Ь buy chairs - тоге comfortabIe for students to stay
уегу
in the library for as long as they want
То: David French,
с install better lighting - safer for the students to
Manager, Dayton
spend hours in the library as it wouldn't Ье
sports Centre
harmful for their eyes
From: Louise
d buy new books оп а range of subjects - students
Tripp, Assistant
сап find information about all their school subjects
Manager
,., to Better /ighting shou/d Ье installed. /п this way it wou/d Ье
Subject: Attracting more people to the sports centre
safer for the students to spend hours in the /ibrary as it
Date: 15th Мау, 2003
:tion) wou/dn't Ье harmfu/ to their eyes.
iday/ 1
The aim of this report is to suggest ways to attract тоге people
and to Dayton Sports Centre. 15 а) Underline the key words in the rubric.
2 Then, answer the questions in the plan.
Although Dayton Sports Centre has а wide range of facilities,
some of them аге in need of repair. The swimming pool should You do volunteer work at the school library
2.u~tiled and the tennis courts need to Ье resurfaced in order and Мг James, the headteacher, has asked you to
to make them safer and тоге attractive to customers. write а report suggesting ways to improve it.
з
The sports centre cafe is popular with younger customers, but Plan
it is rather plain and the food served is not very healthy. It would То:Who аге you writing to?
12.e ,а good idea to decorate the cafe in bright, modern colours From: Who аге you?
and to serve а selection of healthy snacks and drinks. Subject: What аге you going to write about?
4
There is plenty for adults and young people to do at the sports Introduction:
centre, but there аге very 1ew activities for small children. Рага 1: Why аге you writing the report?
Events and activities should Ье organized to attract families Main Body:
with young children to the sports centre. Paras 2-4: What аге the probIems? What сап you
5 suggest?
То sum up, the sports centre would attract тоге customers if Conclusion:
the facilities and the cafe were тоге attractive and if healthier Para 5: H'ow will you conclude уош report?
food were sold in the cafe. There should also Ье тоге activities
availabIe for young children. Ь) Write your report (120-180 words)
including information оп the library
с) How are suggestions made in the report interior, range о! books, opening hours.
in Ех. I За? Underline the expressions/
phrases used.

43
 Narrow Iscapes

1 Label the parts of the сау using the words 4 Read the following descriptions of events,
in the list. then make comments using should(n't) +
steering wheel, boot, tyre, headlight, bumper, present perfect infinitive, as in the example.
bonnet, number plate, indicator, windscreen, 1 Claire is in prison. She stole а diamond пе<:К!,::зr.А
windscreen wiper Claire shou/dn't have sto/en the diamond .... "'''/Ir.~_''
2 Не got soaking wet. Не didn't take ап umbrella
him.
Не should have taken ап umbrella with him.
3 Paula got lost in Athens. She didn't have а тар.
Paula should have had а тар.
4 Sandra is tired. She went to bed very late.
Sandra shouldn't have gone to bed so late /
have gone to bed earlier.
5 Mum was very angry with Тот. Не had told her Не
Тот shouldn't have told lies to his mum.
6 Alan couldn't see very well. Не hadn't cleaned hi
windscreen.
Alan should have cleaned his windscreen.

То report commands, requests and orders we

use tell, order, ask, etc. followed Ьу to-infinitive.
"Stand ир!" the teacher said to иs.
The teacher told иs to stand ир.
"Oon't lie to те!" Mary said to Раиl.
2 Match the adjectives to the nouns. Each Mary warned Раиl not to liе to her.
noun тау take тоуе than опе adjective.
empty, tragic, tall, horrific, steep, реЬЫу, sandy, 5 Rewrite the following in reported speech.
heavy, road, slippery 1 "Could you do the washing up?" Sally said to
1 tall; steep mountains Sally asked Joan to do the washing up.
2 empty; реЬЫу; sandy beach 2 "Ооп'! Ье late!" Susan said to Наггу.
3 heavy; slippery rock Susan told/warned Наггу по! to Ье late.
4 tragic; horrific; road accident 3 "Тшп off the television!" his mother said.
5 empty; tall ship His mother told him to turn off the television.
4 "Oon't go into ту гоот!" John said to Магу.
John tOld/ordered Магу not to go into his room.
з FШ in the correct word from the list.
5 "Listen to уош mother!" his father said.
travel, flight, voyage, trip, route
His father told him to listen to his mother.
1 The fastest roU'te from Birmingham to Manchester is 6 "Go to уош room!" Mum said to Jane.
the motorway. Jane's mother told/ordered her to go to her room
2 The ship made its first voyage in 1947. 7 "Could you have the project ready Ьу Monday1
3 Travel broadens the mind. Pete said to Sue.
4 We went оп а school trip to Brussels last month. Pete asked Sue if she could have the project геас
Ьу Monday.
5 Would passengers for flight 204 to London please
go to gate 14? 8 "Don't worry so much." said Jane to те.
Jane told те по! to worry so much.

44
 Narrow Escapes
The following verbs are also used to introduce 7 Rewrite the texts in Direct Speech.
reported speech. Note how they are used:
.. т ". -,-" .. - .. - _ .. - .. -г -
А Julie asked where Steve was. Апп said he had
Introductory : Direct : Reported
verb :I speech :! speech gone shopping. Julie asked if he would Ье long.
---Т---- --г-- ---- Апп told her he would Ье back апу minute.
threaten : "Behave or I : She threatened
+ :I will take уои :I to take him home Julie: Where's Steve?
Апп: He's gone <I:''"','''nll'''\ ....,....
_L_______ __ __ : ifhe
: home." ___ didn't behave.--
--------
:е. Julie: WШ he Ье
beg sb : "Please, please Раиl begged his
lce. Апп: He'll Ье back апу minute.
+ : don't turn off тит not to
vith : the light, Мит." : turn off the light.
--_.. ------~----------
command sb : "Fire!"
---F------- ---- --
: Не commanded
в Paul asked what the time was. Sue said it was
10:30. Paul said that he couldn't wait апу тоге.
).
+ to-inf. I
:I the soldiers to Sue told him to go back to work. Pau! if he
_ ____ :L fire.
I
I
_~____ ____________ _
could leave а message for Steve. Sue him to
warn sb :I Не warned те
:J "Don't touch write it in Steve's diary.
юld + to~inf. : the wire!"
: not to touch the
н I . Paul:
I I wlre.
_____ i .. __________ L ___ .. - -----
I I
Sue:
lies. admit + -ing : "Yes, I went : Не admitted (to) Paul:
form :I out with Liz." :I going out with Uz. Sue:
I his ----- ------Т
deny + -ing
-- -
: "1 didn't /ie to
-------г-------
: Не denied Iying/
----- Paul:
form/that :I уои." : that he had lied
I
Sue:
clause : to те.

6 Rewrite the following sentences in reported

speech using the introductory verbs from
the tabIe.

"Yes, I cheated in the ехат," he said to те. 8 Complete the following sentences using the
Не admitted (to) cheating in the ехат. words in bold. Use two to five words.
1. 2 "Stand up at опсе!" the sегgеапt said to the
1 "Don't drive so fast!" the policeman said to Jenny.
soldier.
loan. warned The policeman warned
The ordered the soldier to stand up.
drive so fast.
3 "Please, don't reveal ту secret," Апп said to Sue.
2 "Please, please give те а second chance," she
Апп Sue not to reveal her secret.
said to him.
4 "Oon't go sailing without а life jacket," the instructor
begged She him to а second
told us.
chance.
The irlstructor warned us гюt to go without а
3 "I'm sorry I kept you waiting," Kevin said to те.
life
apologised Kevin ao,oloIQls.ed
5 "1 didn't say anything to the роНсе," he said.
те waiting.
Не saying anything to the роliсе.
4 "Let's book а tabIe at the restaurant," Peter said.
6 "Stop teasing те ог 1'11 tell the teacher," Suzie said
suggested Peter at
to Bill.
)от. the restaurant.
threatened to tell the teacher if Bill didn't
:iay?" 5 "You broke the vase," he said to Апп.
her.
accused Не the vase.
ready б "You should stop smoking," the doctor said to Mike.
advised The doctor
srnoking.

45
 Narrow Escapes
Exercise 9 is ап error correction exercise where
the emphasis is оп grammatical mistakes.
Steps
• Read through the text to get ап understanding
of its general meaning.
• Read the text carefully, line Ьу line, to identify
the unnecessary words. Such words сап Ье:
participles, articles, conjunctions (but, although,
etc), prepositions, determiners, quantifiers
(some, every, both, тапу, etc), tenses,
pronouns, etc.
• Cross out апу unnecessary words.
• Read the text опсе more to see if
answers make sense.
i 1О
:. Не has left ап hour ago. (we need Past Simple
because of "ago", therefore "has" should Ье
omitted: wrong use of the tenses)
• Не cou/dn't stop from crying. (The expression
"can't stop" is not followed Ьу "from", therefore
"from" is omitted: wrong use of preposition)
• Although she was exhausted but she went out.
("but" is not necessary here because the same
idea has Ьееп expressed with although: wrong
use of conjunctions)
• Не lives in the Аоmе. (names of places do not
normally take "the" , therefore "the" is omitted:
wrong use of articles)
• The woman who she left is his wife. ("she" is not
necessary here because "who" has Ьееп used:
wrong use of personal pronouns)
• Every оnе app/icant has to fill in а form. ("опе" is
not necessary here because of "every": wrong
use of quantifiers)
• То reaching Paris took him four hours. ("to" is
incorrect because participles do not take "to":
wrong use of prepositions with participles)
• He's тоге happier than ever. ("more" is incorrect
here because "happy" is а two-sуllаbIе adjective,
therefore it forms its comparative Ьу dropping -у
and adding -ier: wrong formation of comparative)
46
9 Tick (tI) the correct lines or cross out (Х)
the unneccessary word in the lines that ar~
incorrect, as in the example.
1 During ош holidays, I decided to go оп а skiing ,
2 trip. Му friends and I ~ left оп а snowy morning
3 We were ~ looking forward to arriving at the
4 ski resort Ьу late afternoon. Unfortunately, we ./
5 got caught in а heavy snowstorm while ~ dгiviПI
6 оп the motorway. Му friend told~ те to stay
7 calm and helped те put the chains оп the tyres. \
8 When we fiпаllу arrived, the snow was fresh and ./
9 perfect for tI'1€ skiing. We skied all day and thеп
10 we relaxed in а beautiful ski lodge. It was а very
11 ~ nice ski trip after аll.
а) Match the exchanges, then, in pairs, re,
the dialogue aloud.
!II3J А: David, I heard you had а саг accident. W
happened?
[[@J А: Oh dear. Was the road icy?
@@] А: How awful. Was апуопе hurt?
~ А: I'm not surprised. Are you all right now?
а В: No, but there was some оВ оп the ro
Anyway, I couldn't stop in time and I crasl
into the уап.
Ь В: Yes, thanks. I feel much better.
с В: 1 was driving to work when а уап swervec
front of те.
d В: Luckily, по, but the уап driver and I were t
very shocked.
Ь) Now, in pairs, use the prompts below .
act out similar dialogues.
1 driving to supermarket/cyclist pulled out in fror
me/riding too fast? /wasn't looking where he
going/swerved to avoid him/crashed into tree/cyc
2 riding ту motorbike/dog гап across the road in frc
me!lost? /the owner wasn't holding its lead/swervE
avoid it/fell off ту bike/owner
 Narrow Iscapes
Ь) What is being described in this letter?
е

с) Underline the expressions in the letter

11 а) Read the ietter below and correct the
which express extreme
./ =
mistakes (5 sреШпg, GR grammar, =
J. т = =
tense, WW wrong word,
= =
WO word order, Р punctuation). d) Put the verbs in brackets in the following
sentences into the simple past or the past
19 Dear Mark, perfect.
ею
I haven 't writen/written for а А
couple of months ago we went (go) оп а long weekend to
cDes, mainly because there
Scotland and hired (hire) а small boat оп Loch Ness.
Ь Опсе we had (manage) 10 get in, we (set
isn't/hasrl't Ьееп much to write оЩ to look for what everyone looks for оп Loch Ness - ап
adventure!
about. Му friends here have all
с I realised (realise) that 1he boat
gone оп а school trip to Wales for а week, so now I have started (slart) to fill with water.
the opportunity to write and tell you what happened to те
d I knew (know) tha1 we were
in great danger but the
~
а couple of weeks Ье ore/ago. others took (take) по
со ею notice of те.
Опе Saturday, I went to help ту ancle/uncle оп his
е Then, а much
ead farm not far from here. Не drove the tractor and I walked bigger boat
behind and helped pick up the potatoes that he had (pass)
Ьу.
IIVhat ploughed up. 11 was а пеаг
@)
Several hours after/After several uncle Brian miss but we
had taken (take)
realised that I Ww/had grown tired o'f the job and he in even more
asked те if I wanted to drive the tractor with him. I water.
ею g Suddenly, the boat
climbed up into the саЬ and, as I got in, I accidentaly/ seemed (seem) to
road.i
,shed accidentally put the tractor into gear. Му uncle was rise in the water and
GJ started (start) to move
climbing/had climbed down for а moment and had а towards the shore.
пеаг miss as the back wheel rolled past him. h We reached (reach) the shore, all
(JfjJ) lucky to Ье alive.
I knew I was playing with fire because I had ever/never We пас! cheated (cheat) death in а most mysterious way.
driven а tractor before. Му uncle shouted something but
@)
I couldn't hear. I tried slow/tried to slow the tractor down 12 а) Underline the key words in the rubric.
so I drove it uphill. I was dicing with death because the

tractor could have rolled over оп the slope.

· ([)
FInally, \.
ту uncle, who was lucky to Ье а Ive, ran ап
d
Ь) Use your answers in Exs I I с and d as well
pulled the keys out. I felt as if I had cheated death and as your own ideas to write the letter (120ш
@) 180 words). Start like this:"1 hope аН i$
knew that in future I will/would never go anywhere near well with уоu and уоuг (атОу. "т sorry I
а tractor again. I have offered to help milk the cows next have taken $0 long to reply to уоuг 'ast
letter, but "т sure that уоu wШ understand
time; it seems а lot safer! as уоu readon!'
~u~ше~)tеа
Best wishes,
Тот 47
 Ancienl Huildings
4 А speech will Ье givеп (give) Ьу the President
tomorrow.
5 When she сате out of the supermarket her car
1 Underline the odd word out in each group. been stolen (stole).
6 А film was being recorded (record) when the
1 octagon pyramid .Qir.QJ.e rectangle recorder broke down.
2 fight explore discover invent 7 Bread is made (make) from wheat.
3 stone clay wood tree 8 The missing Ьоу has not been seen (not/see)
4 journey voyage expedition trip yesterdayafternoon.
9 The car will/is going to Ье repaired (repair)
2 Match the words with their opposites. week.
10 Ош house is always cleaned (always/clean)
Fridays Ьу Mrs Green.
1 different Ь а hide
2 huge d Ь same 5 Rewrite the following sentences in the
3 vanish е с strength passive. Omit the agent where necessary.
4 show а d tiny
5 weakness с е appear 1 Jim has painted all the walls green.
АII the walls have Ьееп painted green (Ьу Jim).
2 Mark gave те а brooch for ту birthday.
з Underline the correct word. I was given а brooch Ьу Mark for ту birthday.
1 It's а three-hour voyage/journe..}! to and from work. 3 Не will have cooked the теаl Ьу 8 o'clock.
2 Samurai warriors/soldiers were well known for The теаl will have Ьееп cooked Ьу 8 o'clock.
their bravery. 4 А mechanic checks ту саг once а month.
3 Jason got himself into ап embarrassing sjtyatiQO/ Му саг is checked опсе а month.

condition when he wrongly accused Paul of 5 They will тоуе уош car if you 'еауе it there.
stealing his watch. Уош car will Ье moved if you 'еауе it there/if it is

4 Janet and I are partners/colleagues as we work at there.

the same сот рапу.
5 I would like you to borrow/.le.nd. те some топеу.
"т completely broke!
6 We're going to draw/paint the kitchen in spring.
7 Susan gave Harry the wrong(false directions to her
house and as а result, he got lost.
6 Mrs Reece has already paid the bilI.
The bill has already Ьееп paid Ьу Mrs Reece.
7 Someone has checked the essay for mistakes.
The essay has Ьееп checked for mistakes.
8 Ош history teacher is checking ош essays.
Ош essays аге being checked (Ьу ош

8 You look very similаrjfаmШаr. Are you sure we teacher.)

haven't met before? 9 The tourist office provides а city mар and а
9 The computer programmer made а serious fault/ А city тар and а guide are provided Ьу the

mistake which resulted in the loss of important office.

documents. 10 Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote the musical Cats.
The musical Cats was written Ьу Andrew Lloyd

Ву + agent is used to show who/what did the

4 Complete the sentences using the correct
passive form of the verbs in brackets.
1 The printing press was invented (invent) Ьу Johan
Gutenberg.
2 The new cinema was built (build) last year.
3 Mr Smith is being interviewed (interview) for the
job at the moment.
The puf(over was knitted Ьу ту mother.
With + instrument/material is used to show
instrumentlmaterial the agent used.
The cake was decorated with сгеат and fruit.
When we want to find out who or what did
something, then we ask questions, as in the examples
Wflo was this book written Ьу?,
What was she hit withlby?

48
 Ancient Buildings
6 fШ in the gaps with Ьу о ... with. 4 Which candidate аге they going to elect president?
Which candidate is going to Ье elected president?
The house was saved Ьу the 5 Did you send the рагсеl to Магу?
firefighters. Was the рагсеl sent to Магу?
2 The soup was made with 6 Had they informed the police about the accident?
vegetabIes and meat. Had the police Ьееп informed about the accident?
jeo
3 This report was written Ьу а 7 Who wrote Macbeth?
well-known journalist. Who was Macbeth written Ьу?
4 The sky was filled with clouds. 8 What damaged the roof of уош house?
псе
5 She was arrested Ьу Detective What was the roof of your house damaged Ьу?
Watts for stealing. 9 Who invented the first radio?
lext Who was the first radio invented Ьу?
6 The milk was flavoured with
chocolate. 1О Who stole уош саг?
оп
7 The omelette was made with Who was your саг stolen Ьу?
eggs and cheese.
8 They were introduced Ьу Tina.

'.
7 Rewrite the following text in the active.

The Great Wall of China is

опе of the largest structures
which has ever Ьееп made
Ьу тап. The oldest parts of
,
I
j
J
9 Study the following examples, then complete
the sentences using the words in bold. Use
two to five words.

the wall
centuгy
built in the 4th
the Chinese.
1
I
• They ordered а new photocopier last Tuesday.
was А new photocopier was ordered last:
I

Different of the wall ,;~ Tuesday. :

is lеК were connected Ьу the , • The сотрапу аге going to hire а new sales:
I

Emperor Shin Huang-ti. J manager. :

During the 15th and 16th
S.
centuries the wall was'
rebui/t. it is visited Ьу
thousands people.
The Great 01 China is one 01 the largest structures
, .• hired А new sales manager is going to Ье :I
hired Ьу the сотрапу.
I
I 1 The Мауог is opening the new sports centre at 11
ат tomorrow.
being The new sports centre is being r\l''''JQnt::~rI
Ьу the Мауог at 11 ат tomorrow.

which тап еуег made. The Chinese built the oldest 2 Leonardo da Vinci painted "La Gioconda".
parts 01 wall in the 4th century. The Еmрегог Shin Ьу "La Gioconda" was painted Leonardo
Huang-ti connected different parts of the wall. During da Vinci.
the "15th 16th centuries they rebuilt the wall. Today 3 Who delivered the shopping?
thousands people visit it. delivered Who was the shopping delivered Ьу?
4 The detective was following the woman.
followed The woman was being followed Ьу the
8 Rewrite these questions in the passive. detective.
5 They found the shipwreck off the coast of Cornwall.
Have you mended the broken chair yet?
was The shipwreck was found off the coast of
Has the broken chair Ьееп mended yet?
Cornwall.
2 Will Charles water the plants?
6 Have you checked the prices of the items yet?
WiII the Ье watered Ьу Charles?
Ьееп Have the prices of the items Ьееп
3 Who posted the letters?
checked yet?
Who the letters posted Ьу?

49
 Ancient Buildings

• Scollond· Edinburgh Coslle

• OId building оп 'ор 01 о hill
in Edinburgh • ВuШ in Middle Ages
1О fШ in each gap with only опе word.
• mode 01 stone - hos lols 01 rooms
The explorer David Livingstone was 1) in Scotland in 1813. At the
2) of ten, he was sent З) work in the 10саl cotton factory. His working
day began at six o'clock in the morning and didn't end 4) eight
o'clock in the evening.
5) Livingstone was а young тап, he Ьесате
interested in missionary work. Оп November 20, 1840,
he sailed 6) to Africa to work in а settlement. Опсе
there, he Ьесате very popular 7) the natives,
treating them 8) equals. With their help, he travelled
across the great continent of Africa. Оп his travels,
he made тапу discoveries. Оп опе exciting
journey, he сате across 9) great Victoria
Waterfall. 1 О) the end of his life,
Livingstone was overworked and in роог health.
Не died in April 1873, in а small village in 12 а) Underline the I<ey
Africa. words in the rubrk.

You work for а travel

agency and you have
received а letter from а
customer asking for
11 а) Complete the dialogue using the questions in the list. information about Prazue.
How old is it? What does it look like? What's that? Read part of the letter
sent and write your reel:l;
А: Did you have а good time in Greece, Mary?
В: Yes, thanks. It was wonderful. The best place we visited was the .. , I would also like to know
Acropolis. what places there are to
А: Really? 1) What's that?
visit in Prag ue .
В: It's ап ancient building оп top of а hШ in Athens. Could you also tell те
А: Oh. 2) How old is it? what kind of things we сап
В: It was built Ьу the ancient Greeks in 500ВС. do there and what
А: That's amazing. З) What does it look like? entertainment is avai\abIe?
В: It's made of marbIe and it has lots of columns. It's really beautiful.
А: It sounds fantastic. I wish !'d Ьееп there with you.

Now, in pairs, use the prompts below to act out similar

SЩ:::JqЕ~stЕ~d Answers ..... f"'~Tlr·'n

• India (8 Taj Mahal

(8 Ancient building in Agra
(8 Built Ьу ап emperor in

17th century (8 made of

тагЫе - has lots of domes

What kind of letter
wШ уои write, а letter
asking for оу giving
information? What
kind of information
should уои include in
the letter?
Read the letter and
in the missing
sentences.
Dеаг Мг Clark,
.. , It is а beautiful historical city
with several museums and art galleries.
You сап also enjoy а walk across Charles
Bridge to the Old Town Square and see the
fantastic gothic buildings and the
spectacular Old Town Hall Clock.
... You сап buy anything from
souvenirs to expensive luxury crystal and
glass which cannot Ье found anywhere
else. You сап also find fashion boutiques
selling designer clothing.
... There are plenty of theatres,
nightclubs and casinos. You сап watch а
performance of Mozart's Dоп Giovanni at
the People's Theatre, ог dance the night
away а! Кlub Х, where you will find live
bands and discos.
... Please do not hesitate to
contact те again if you require апу 'further
information.
Yours sincerely,
Carl Phillips
а As far as entertainment is
concerned, Prague has а
lively nightlife.
Ь I hope that I have Ьееп of
some assistance to you.
с I ат writing in reply to уош
lеНег asking for information
about Prague.
d Prague also has а wide range
of shops.
е There аге plenty of things to
see and do in Prague.
Buildings
d) Has аН the information that was asked for Ьееп included in
the reply?
13 а) Underline the words in the rubric.
You work for а :';;";;:";"';::';"_-;;;Q.:;';";";:L below and
read part of the letter that а =..:..:;.;.,;,.:,.;;;.;:.....;:;..=~~~::;,.:.,. some
fШ
I would also like some
information оп the different
places to visit in Paris.
Could you a/so please send
те details about the things
we will Ье аЫе to do there
Travel and what kinds of museums
we will Ье аЫе to find?
Agency оп
01873 474538 Yours sincerely,
Andrea Hopkins
Ь) Use the notes below to write the letter (1 20-180
Уои сап use the letter in Ех. 12с as а model. back to
unit 9, рр. 38-39 for the and plan of tr,in5;ac:tl(ma
• Paris has 40 museums, the famous Louvre Museum (see the legendary
painting of the Мопа Lisa)
• Picasso Museum (уои сап learn about the great painter's life and work)
• fantastic jewellery and accessories
~ large department stores such as the Galeries Lafayette & small
boutiques (buy anything from designer clothes to souvenirs)
ф enjoy а walk down the Champs
• enjoy а walk down the beautiful avenue which leads to the Arc de
Triomphe
• take а trip up the Eiffel Tower
51
 Nature's fury

1 Look ир the following words in уоиу dictionary and complete the grid with the appropriate
terms, grammar codes and ph.onetic symbols.

Headword Pronunciation Part of speech [с] [u] Definition

disaster /dlzg:stc// noun с (See Suggested Answers Section)
tremendous /tпm§.пdаs/ adjective
survivor /sa r vEJ.Jva r/ noun с

meanwhile /mtпhwшl/ adverb

before /blf~:r/ preposition
hit /hlt/ verb
ash (СЕ!/ noun u

2 Match the words to the nouns. 5 Look at the pictures and use the prompts
cloudy, fuel, thick, serious, burning, clear, food, to make sentences, as in the example.
medical, dull, rain, powerful, destructive 1 2
1 serious; powerful; destructive earthquakes flowers/p lant
2 cloudy; clear; dull sky Уоuг fI()WJil/:;~
3 thick; burning; rain forest need
4 fuel; food; medical supplies p/anting/to
Ье p/anted.

3 FШ in the correct word from the list.

rain, drizzle, downpour, storm, showers
1 There were several brief showers this afternoon. з

2 It was а violent storm with lots of thunder and

lightning.
3 We got caught in а heavy downpour yesterday оп
ош way home and were completely soaked.
4 I hate it when there is rain day after day; it makes
те feel really depressed. mended.
5 It was such а light drizzle that we didn't even need
ап umbrella.
6 FШ in the correct preposition(s).

4 Underline the odd word out.
1 hurricane: Ьшп, destruction, bIow, wind
2 earthquake: debris, shake, rain, Richter
3 volcanic eruption: lava, crater, explosion, breeze
4 drought: dry, ash, thirst, emergency
5 flood: water, drown, smoke, wet
6 famine: thunder, hunger, starve, death
The -ing form after the verb need has а passive
meaning.
Your hair needs cutting. (Your hair needs to
1 Few people were аЫе to get to work due to th
heavy snow.
2 We watched in amazement as the huge flock (
birds rose into the air.
3 Something has gone wrong with ош plan, so W
can't go оп.
4 There have Ьееп at least twelve forest fires in th
country this уеаг.
5 А total eclipse of the sun сап temporarily turn dc
into night.
6 We sat down to rest when we reached the top I
the mountain.
7 The cup broke into pieces when I dropped it.
Ье cut.) 8 The city is growing Ьу 2,000 people а уеаг.

52
 Nature's fury
9 Сап you соре with all that work? 9 Rewrite the text in the active.
10During the storm а branch broke off the tree and fell
the roof of the house.

The verbs believe, expect, know, report, say,

think, etc are used in the following passive
constructions:
People say he was innocent.
Не is said to have Ьееп innocent. (personal
construction)
It is said that he was innocent. (impersonal
construction)

7 Rewrite the following sentences in the

passive using personal and impersonal
constructions.
People expect that he will Ье the next president.
Не expected to Ье the next president.
It expected that he will Ье the next president.
2 The journalist reports that the victim knew the
:tn murderer. 1О Choose the correct item.
The victim is reported to have known the murderer.
It reported that the victim knew the murderer. 1 If you ...... skiing, you wouldn't have broken уош leg.
3 Еуегуопе thinks that the climate is changing. А didn't go ® hadn't gone С don't go
The climate is thought to Ье changing.
2 She begged him ............. anything.
It thought that the climate is changing.
4 People say she was the best actress in Hollywood.
А to not say В do not say © not to say
She said to have Ьееп the best actress in 3 Сап you ............. те the way to the supermarket?
А say В describe ©tell
It is that she was the best actress in Hollywood.
4 Не ............. to Paris ten days ago.
5 Мапу food experts believe that garlic is good for you.
::> Garlic is believed Ьу тапу food experts to Ье good
А had соте ® сате с has соте

d. for 5 1can't see you tonight because 1...... dinner with Tina.
It is belie\/ed that garlic is good for you. А have В was having © ат having

6 She isn't used ............. orders.

8 Rewrite the text in the passive.
®
to taking В taking с to take
(See Suggested Answers
7 It's 1О o'clock. Не ............. his office Ьу now.
А reached С reaches
®will have reached

8 1'11 do the shopping before 1........ to the hairdresser's.

А will go В have gone © go

9 Не ............. for this firm for three years before he

was given а promotion.
® had Ьееп working С is working
В has Ьееп working

1О Науе you ............. visited Malta?

А stHI В yet © еуег

53
 Nature's Fury
5 The Ьоу was ~ оп the bed, fast asleep.
6 She understood her mistake and bIushed
embarrassment.
7 Where should 1put all~ this furniture?
8 She is the girl who ~e saw the murder.
11 Choose the correct item. 9 We must hurry; we have по time to~ lose.
10 When you ~I соте back, 1'11 tell you all about it.

13 а) Match the exchanges, then, in pairs,

the dialogue aloud.

[@] А: Did you see the news this morning?

Tornadoes аге ап example of just how unpredictabIe @ш] А: Yes. There was а huge earthquake in
and destructive the weather сап Ье. The winds of а ~ А: Well, several buildings collapsed and
tornado are the 1) ...... violent that occur оп the earth, were quite а lot of fires.
reaching speeds of up to 300 mph. 2) ...... year, in [!@] А: Well, luckily there were only а few
spring and summer, hundreds of tornadoes cause Most people were rescued Ьу the arr'art.... ar''''
millions of pounds' worth of З) ...... .
services.
For those who might find 4) ...... caught in а tornado,
there аге some соттоп safety 5) ...... to follow. Firstly, а В: That's awful. Were тапу people injured?
if you аге outside and in ап ореп агеа, lie down and Ь В: Oh по! How terribIe. Was there а lot of damage
cover your head with your hands for protection. с В: No. Why? Has something important happened
Secondly, if you are in а house ог small building, go to d В: That's а relief.
the cellar, ог the smallest гоот 6) ...... the house and
Лпd shelter under а large piece of furniture or cover Ь) Now, in pairs, use the prompts below ап
yourself with а heavy bIanket. Thirdly, if you аге in а the phrases in bold in the dialogues to ас
school ог shopping centre, make your way to the lowest out similar dialogues.
(See Suggested Answers Sectiol
level of the building, but avoid large, ореп spaces like
1 Typhoon in Tokyo/a lot of buildings were destroye,
gymnasiums. Finally, never ever try to outrun а tornado!
only а few casualties/most people were rescued
---------р-------------- ------'""
I 2 Flood in Bangladesh/several buildings were damag!
1 @most В тапу С much I
I
Ьу water/no опе was hurt/everyone was rescued
2 А Рег В А © Each I
I
I
3 @damage В harm С danger I
I

4 А theirs са; themselves С them

I
I
I
5 @ rules В orders С laws I
I

6 А at
.... _-_В .... __ .... _--
from © of
I

We write letters to the editor of а newspaper

or а magazine when we want to express our
opinion about а topic, to show our agreement or
disagreement, approval or disapproval, or when
12 Find the mistal<es and correct them.
we want to discuss а probIem and suggest
1 Теггу is~older than те. solutions. 'П the introduction we state the
2 Last week I went to visit my~uncle in Bristol.
reason for writing and our opinion. 'П the mail1
body we present our viewpoints or suggestiom
3 The students were ~istening to their teacher
and results in separate paragraphs. In the
explain the probIem.
conclusion we summarise our opinion. WE
4 Paul went)(to work early today.
usually write in а formal style.

54
 Nature's Fury
1 а) Underline the key words in the rubric. 15 а) Match the in column А
Then, complete the letter using phrases to the consequences in column
from the .list below. make sentences using as а
firstly, as а result, lastiy, so as to, because,
consequently, furthermore

The Town Council has decided to build а

shopping centre in the ~ of .l0ur town.The
editor of your 'оса' newspaper has asked its
readers to write 'etters expressing their
opinion. Write your letter.

Dеаг Sir/Madam,
, ат writing to express ту
Column А
disapprova' of the Town Council's
у. decision to bui'd а shopping centre in the Town Hall has Ьееп attracting tourists and historians for
re the centre of our historic town. , тапу years now Ь
totally disagree with this decision 2 а саг park would encourage people to use their cars in the
~S. 1) , believe it will have negative effects оп our town. town centre а
су
2) such а huge building will completely ruin the
Column В
арреагапсе of our town because it will not Ье in harmony with the
existing buildings. З) Аз а the town will lose the traditional а there would Ье terribIe traffic and the town centre would по
atmosphere that it has today. longer Ье friendly to Bedworth's residents and visitors
4) during the evening hours, the shopping centre will Ь it would Ье а tragedy to destroy the unique beauty of this агеа
ргоЬаЫу Ье used as а skateboarding агепа Ьу 'оса' youths who lack for the sake of а саг park
ргорег purpose-built facilities. 5) there will Ье поthiпg
to attract adult members of the pubIic to the town centre at night and Ь) Underline the key words in the rubric.
шd this will create а big social ргоЫет in the агеа. Then, answer the questions in the
act 6) the existing 'оса' shops will Ье unabIe to compete with
the shopping centre's арреа' to the shopper and will eventually go The Town Council has decided to ~~~~~
ion)
out of business. Clearly, this will add to the social probIems in the aging Town На" and build а car Dark. Write а
form of unemployment and the result will Ье that Eddington will 'etter to the ~ of the .A.W.I~..,J,.Ы,~~~
Ьесоте а ghost town. expressing your views оп the matter.
I hope ту comments will Ье taken into consideration Ьу the Town
Council and tl1at it will reconsider its decision 7) 80 аз to avoid the Plan
social and architectural disaster that 1 believe is just waiting to Introduction=
happen. Рага 1: Why аге you writing the letter?
What is уош opinion?
Yours faithfully, Main ~ody:
Stephanie Мауег Рага What is уош first viewpoint?
2:
What would the result Ье?
Para 3: What is уош second viewpoint?
What would the result Ье?
Ь) What kind of letter is it? What is it about?
Conclusion:
Who is going to read this letter? In which
Рага 4: How will you restate уош opinion?
paragraph does the writer give the reason
for writing and state her opinion? In which
с) Write уои .. letter. Use уои ... answers йп
paragraph does she: present the probIems
Ех!) 15а and Ь to help уои. Уои сав, use
and their consequences? summarise her
the letter in Ех. 14а as а model.
opinion? , ..... ,."I'"\C"rnг,o Answers ",::"""т,,",,,,,,

55
 lricky Jobs

1 Use your dictionary to complete the tabIe. 5 Fill in the correct preposition.

1 1 used to dream of becoming а doctor when 1 wa

Headword Pronunciation younger.
2 There's а lot of work involved in building а house.
instrument /!nstr ет епи
3 Airline pilots work with а co-pilot who сап take over.
audience /;Idiens/
if anything goes wrong.
dedicated /d~dlkertId/
4 А surgeon depends оп his nurses to pass th
ignore /lgПQ//
correct instruments.
though /"6 е 0/
5 According to Mark, acting is the best job in the
thank /8ceQk/
world.
countless /kaontles/
6 1was thankful for the clear directions the тап gav
headache /h~delk/
те.
renew /ппj!L/
7 This charity raises топеу for children in need.
enough /ln6f/
8 Oon't apply for the job unless you're qualified for it.
9 Аге you aware of the risks of smoking?
2 Match the words to their opposites.
Conditionals
Туре I real present
1 sure Ь а easiest If -clause: If + апу present tense
2 геаl е Ь uncertain Main clause: Future/lmperative/can/may/must +
3 toughest а с cowardly bare infinitive
4 well-paid d d poorly-paid Use: real - likely to happen in the present or future
5 courageous с е false If уои don't take ап umbrella, уои'lI get wet.
6 stressful f f relaxing Туре 2 unreal present
If -clause: If + Past Simple/Cont.
Main clause: would/could/might + bare infinitive
з Match the words/phrases from the list to Use: unreal - unlikely to happen in the present
the nouns below. Use the words only опсе. or future; used to give advice
physical, easy, to follow, to miss, broken, freezing, l( I were уоu, I wouldn't accept this invitation.
to renew, driving Туре 3 unreal past

1 broken bones 5 physical strength If -clause: If + Past Perfect/Past Perf. Cont.

2 easy топеу 6 to miss а meeting
Main clause: would/could + have + past participle
7 а(п) driving licence
Use: unreal situation, contrary to facts in the
3 freezing waters
past; also used to express regrets and criticism
4 to renew а contract 8 to follow her advice
If уои had told her the truth, she would have
forg;ven уои.
4 Underline the correct word.
6 Complete the conditional sentences using
1 We saw some street musicians performing/acting the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
in the shopping centre.
1 If it is а nice day tomorrow, we can/may/might
2 I hun/ached myself while playing football yesterday.
(go) for а picnic.
3 How тапу works/jobs have you applied for?
2 If she had finished (finish) work еагliег, she could
4 It's а deep cut so you'lI ргоЬаЫу have а scar/
have gone to the cinema with her friends.
wound for the rest of уош life.
3 1 would wear а jacket if I were (Ье) you.
5 Most secondary school pupils. in Britain wear
4 The dog wouldn't bitten (not/blte) you if you
school overalls/uniforms.
hadn't teased it.
6 They lost/missed а lot of топеу in the business deal.
5 You сап go to the football match if уои feel/are
feeling (feel) better.
56
 Iricky Jobs
6 If Jessiea lived/had lived (Iive) in Spain, she would 1О Match the sentences, to make type 3
speak Spanish fluently. conditionals, as in the example.
7 If Mike hadn't I,ied, he would not have got into Suggested Answers Seetion)
(not/get into) troubIe with the poliee. Column А
8 If she took (take) singing lessons, she eould 1 The town's buildings were badly built. с
Ьееоте а professional singer. 2 The dam оп the river was damaged. а
vas 9 If Sue misses (miss) the bus, she'll Ье late for· work. 3 Reseue workers arrived quiekly. Ь
10 Не would have won the гаее, if he had tried (try) 4 The loeal hospital didn't have enough beds. d
,е. harder.
Column В
Iver
а The valley flooded.
7 Use the prompts to make conditional
Ь They were аЫе to take а lot of vietims to the nearest
the sentences, as in the example.
town.
he/not work hard/he/not Ье promoted с They eollapsed.
the
If he hadn 't worked hard, he wouldn 't have Ьееп d They didn't save а lot of people
promoted.
lave
2 she/know the eorreet answer/she/win the eash prize If the town's buildings hadn't Ьееп bad/y bui/t, they
If had known the eorreet answer, she would wouldn 't have eo//apsed.
have won the eash prize.
ог it. Wishes
3 the firemen/not arrive so quiekly/the fire/burn
down/Mr Smith's house
• wish + subject + Past Simple is used to express
а wish or regret about а present situation.
If firemen had not arrived so quiekly, the fire
I w;sh I were in Venice. (But I от not.)
would have burned down Мг Smith's house.
4 he/be/more eareful/he/not/fall off his bike • wish + subject + Past Perfect is used to
If had Ьееп тоге eareful, he wouldn't have express regret about а past situation (something
+ that happened or didn't happen in the past).
fallen off his bike.
I wish I had told уои the truth. (I'm sorry I didn't
5 he/not tell/the poliee the truth/they/arrest/him
re tell уои the truth.)
If had not told the роliее the truth, they would
have arrested him.
11 Write wishes for the following situations.
уе 8 Complete the sentences using your own 1 You аге hungry. There is по food in the fridge.
:nt ideas. You say: "1 wish there were/was some food in the
fridge."
If they had invited him, he wouldn't have Ьееп upset.
2 You аге tired. Уои have to study for а test.
2 If it doesn't rain soon, we'll have to water the plants.
You say: "1 wish I didn't have to study for the te8t."
3 If 1had а tent, I would go eamping еуегу weekend.
3 Уои spilt oil оп your favourite white jeans. Now
4 1wouldn't go out with him if I were you.
ple there is а stain оп them.
5 If you play with matehes, you might burn yourself.
:he You say: "1 wish I hadn't 8pilt oil оп ту favourite
6 If I had а million pounds, I would give it to people in
n white jean8."
need.
:вуе 4 Your neighbours are very noisy. You ean't sleep.
7' If ТоЬу hadn't eaught the vase, it rnight have broken.
You say: "1 wish the neighbours weren't 80 noisy."
8 Unless you apologise to her, she will пеуег speak
to again.

9 Imagine you are а world leader. Use type 2 12 Read the speech bubbIes. What does the
conditionals to say what уои would do. girl wish? Answers Section)
eould help the poor, help protect endangered species,
give more топеу to developing countries, develop
solar power, stop wars
if (See Suggested Answers Seetion)

If 1were а world /eader, I would he/p the роог.

eel/are
57
 Jricky Jobs
13 Write sentences, as in the example: а В: Well, "т very creative. I теап, I always manage
:::>uaaes1ted Answers '-.:"",",1-,г,..., to соте ир with original ideas.
Ь В: That sounds fine. Thank you.
1 You want to go swimming but it's cold and windy. с В: Because it's а large сот рапу and
I wish it weren't cold and windy. /f it weren't cold interested in advertising.
and windy, I could go swimming. d В: Yes. I'd like to know what the salary is.
2 You don't like getting up early, but you have to е В: I could start апу time after 1st September.
because you live far away from уош office.
3 You missed the end of the film because you fell Ь) Now, in pairs, use the prompts below
asleep. act out similar dialogues.
(8ее 8uggested Answers """,,·~ir, ... \~
4 You feel tired because you work long hours.
5 You missed уош flight because you couldn't find а 1 sales/sociabIe/communicate well with
taxi. January/f:.1,300
2 computers/reliabIe/meet deadlines оп
June/f:.1,500.

14 Complete the following sentences using the When we write а letter of application we
words in bold. Use two to five words. usually write four paragraphs. In the
introduction we write the reason for writing
1 "т sorry I didn't lock the door. our letter. 'П the main body we write our
wish I wish I had locked the door. qualifications and work experience as well as our
2 You shouldn't buy а саг. personal qualities. 'П the conclusion we write
were If I were you, I wouldn't buy а саг. апу other information (e.g. availability (ог interview,

3 I want to Ье at home. Cv, etc). Letters of application are formal in style.

wish I wish I were at home.
4 I feel awful because I shouted at Mark.
wish I wish I hadn't shouted at Mark.
16 а) Underline the key words in the rubric.
5 Don't touch the iron or you'lI Ьшп yourself.
wШ If you touch the iron, you will Ьшп yourself.
You saw this advertisement in а =~~~~:J.'Jif:
and have decided to apply for the
your letter of application.

15 а) Match the exchanges, then, in pairs, read ASSISTANT MANAGER

the dialogue aloud.
wanted at Farnhams and Со.
[@] А: 80, why do you want to work Applicants must Ьауе university degree an~ knowledge
for us, Ms Taylor? . G ood communication sk1l1s and а
of computers. J .

~ А: Why do you think you'd Ье responsible attitude are essent1al.

good at this job? Send СУ РО Бох 3472,
m А: I see. When would you Ье Leeds, LD 12 4SC
аЫе to start?
[!@] А: Is there anything you would
like to ask?
m А: Certainly. It's 1:1,650 а month.

58
 Jricky Jobs
с) In which
Read the two letters below. Which опе
information
uses appropriate language? Give
work exne:-lI"i""••~#·-
exam.ples of ~ormallinformal language
What is included in the letter's .n. ... ~_.;-
used IП the letters.
and remarks?

rAl Dear Sir/Madam,

17 а) Underline the key words in the
wriling 10 apply lor Ihe posilion 2!. Assislanl
.Lill" then answer the чuС::''''IUIП'''' .т the
Manager which was advertised in Tuesday's edilion 01
the Evening Star.
J.gradualed lrom Ihe Universily 01 Leed.§. in 1997 wilh
~:::,;;,"""'~,;;., in Sales and Marketing. Lhave been workin.9
Sales Manager since 1997 for Sanders Enterprises,
'tL!Jj!;b is based in Leeds . .frior 10 Ih.lli, I worked аз а
Sales Assistant for Coopers computers during
university vacations. Lill§QJlQld certificates in computer
skills and word-processing.
1 ат Iriendly, responsibIe and hard-working and work
as part of а team. I have~ exce"ent communication
skills and ат good at managing people. As ту
references show, иауе beeQ. уегу popular with ту
previous employers and colleagues.
enclos ed а сору of ту cv. , would Ье qladlQ
a\!!ill.9. ап inlerview аl апу lim~ convenienl 10 y.QJL.!.
~uld appreciale а reply ~ your еагНезl convenience.
'f-о urs faithfu I!:i:!'~Щ>"'''''Д''''
lуе.IlОУ Gnvolle.~
Trevor Groves
Plan
Introduction:
Dear Manager, Рага 1: Why аге уои writing the letter?
I sawyo ur advertiseme t' l\IIaiJ) Bod;here did you зее Ihe adverlisemenl?
and_ n /п the Е
I Iwanl 10 apply lог Ihe job 01 Аз venlng Star оп Тuesday
.
/n/shed. university in 1997 s/stant Manager. Para 2: What are уош qualifications?
Marketlng. Ij.te worked . I 9 t а de9ree in Sales Науе уои got апу work experience?, What?
0

ISawnd ers Ent.,егрпsеs since 1997 as а Sal es М anager for CQJ)C!t!SiQJ)~W

Рага 3: Н would you describe your регsопаШу?
Coopers С
as at unlvers/ty,
' , worked as. а S I Leeds. While
Wh еп a,re уои availabIe for ап interview?
certT .
omput
егз during Ih а .es Ass'IStапl lог Рага 4:
I /cates /п comput е hol/days .
. What wlll уош closing remarks Ье?
, er sk/lIs and
fпепdlу and I w k
"т ог оп
word-processing t
people and hard. I gel .
сап aood аl telling Ih -
,00.
Wllh olher
Ь) Write the letter of
and see Iгот ту relerences т ет whal 10 do. Аз you
( I 20
words) . U se уои ... answers in Exs I 6Ь -1and
80
_-; so фd the ееое/е I kу ~ther bosses liked
lve senl you а wor ed wllh.
сору of ту CV.
те I 7а to help уои.

59
 Panic is Rare
5 FШ in the correct form of the verbs in
brackets (infinitive 01" -ing form).

1 It's по use going (go) out; it's raining.

1 Match the words to their opposites. 2 You must brush (brush) уош teeth before you
to bed.
3 1would like to go (go) to the concert, but 1can't.
1 dangerous с а good-tempered
4 The children аге really looking forward to
2 bad-tempered а Ь lose
(watch) the film.
right е с safe
3 5 Оо you expect to see (see) him again soon?
4 interested 9 d dull 6 Would you mind holding (hold) this for те?
5 win Ь е wrong 7 John's mother made him eat (eat) his dinner in
6 professional h f cheap гоот.
7 expensive f 9 bored 8 You'lI пеуег 'еагп to surf (surf) properly if you
8 exciting d h amateur try.
9 Gary's doctor told him he should give up (give
smoking.
2 FШ in w;n, earn, 01" gain.
10 Му parents enjoy playing (play) golf at
1 to earn/win топеу б to gain weight weekends.
2 to win prizes 7 to gain knowledge 11 Would you prefer to stay (stay) at home tonight?
3 to gain experience 8 to win а medal 12 Phil can't stand listening (Iisten) to rock music.
4 to еаrn а living 9 to win а battle 13 Jim сап play (play) the violin.
5 to win а competition 10 to gain speed 14 If you agree to help (help) те with this, 1'11 со
dinner.
15 1might phone (phone) you tomorrow if I have ti
Э Fill in do, go, 01" play.
1 to play darts 7 to go/do weightlifting
2 to go swimming 8 to play snooker 6 Say whether each word is followed Ьу а f
3 to do archery 9 to go running infinitive (F.I.), bare infinitive (8.1.) 01"
4 to play tennis 10 to go fishing gerund (-ING).
5 to go skiing 11 to play rugby
б to do photography 12 to do exercises 1 can't help + -ING 7 pretend + F.I.
2 let sb + B.I. 8 refuse + F.I.
3 dislike + -ING 9 prefer + F.I.
4 had better + 8.1. 10 give up + -ING
5 manage + F.I. 11 miss + -ING
б deny + -ING 12 decide + F.I.

7 Study the tabIe then fШ in the correct form

of the verbs in brackets (infinitive 01" -ing
form).

• =
forget + to-infinitive not remember
=
forget + -ing form forget а past event
• remember + to-infinitive remember to =
do sth
=
remember + -ing form recall а past еуеп!

60
 Panic is Hare
8 Тот suggested .............. at Pierre's.
• try + to-infinitive =do one's best
try + -ing form = do sth as ап experiment @ meeting В to meet С to meeting

• stop + to-infinitive = stop for а while in order 9 If you promise to behave yourself, 1............. you go
to do sth else to the party.
stop + -ing form =finish, give up @ will let В would let С let
go
• regret + to-infinitive = Ье sorry 10 You .............. talk with уош mouth full.
regret + -ing form = have second thoughts @ mustn't В needn't С must
about sth/be sorry about sth that happened
ing 11 Не has .............. finished his homework.
in the past
А yet В still ©
already

12 1'11 Ье ready Ьу the time you .............. home.

I forgot to add (add) $ugar, so ту apple pie tasted @ соте В will соте С would соте
his
horribIe. 13 That's Steve .............. brother works with те.

)n't 2 1'11 never forget going (90) fishing with ту А which В who's © whose
grandfather.
14 You .............. wear а suit. It's ап informal meeting.
ир)
3 00 you remember reading (read) this book?
А mustn't @ needn't С must
4 Oid you remember to feed (feed) the fish?
the 5 You should try playing (play) tennis if you want to 15 If I were you, I ............... to him.
keep fit. А will apologise С apologised
t? 6 Jack tried to stay (stay) awake, but he couldn't. ~ would apologise
7 Ouring ош journey we stopped to have (have)
16 How long .............. did he leave?
lunch at а small restaurant Ьу а river.
@ ago В before С since
ook 8 Rita stopped going (90) to the gym because of her
back ргоЫет.
9 Read the text below and fill in the correct
ime. 9 1really regret treating (treat) him badly.
form of the adjectives in brackets
10 I regret to tell (tell) you that you have failed уош
(comparative or superlative).
test.

full
8 Choose the correct item.

00 you fancy .............. to Ann's party?

А go В to go © going
2 York is the town .............. I was Ьогп.
IG А at which В which © where
IG 3 If you ............. , clearly, she would have understood.
Tennis and skiing аге two very popular sports which
А explain @ had explained С were explained
аге both enjoyabIe and good for you. Skiing is 1) тоге
4 He's lost ................ much weight that 1 hardly expensive (expensive) as you have to buy а lot of
recognised him. equipment and you usually have to travel quite far to get
® so в such с such as to а ski resort. Tennis, оп the other hand, is much
g
2) cheaper (cheap) as you only need а racquet and some
5 The door was opened .............. а сору of the key.
balls. It's also а lot 3) easier (easy) to find а tennis court
А Ьу В from © with
as most towns have at least опе which the pubIic сап use.
6 Не works .............. а teacher in а primary school. Tennis is а lot 4) safer (safe) than skiing, as you аге less
А such В like © as likely to fall and injure yourself seriously. I think that skiing
to is the 5) most (exciting) and 6) most interesting
7 This time next month 1 .............. in Cannes.
А wШ sunbathe С will have sunbathed
(interesting) sport as it gives you the opportunity not only
@ will Ье sunbathing to exercise in beautiful surroundings, but also to visit
different countries.

61
 Panic is Hare

12 Look at the text below. Where the lines

correct, put а tick (.1) next to them.
Others include ап extra word which уои
1О Complete the sentences using the words in must cross out.
bold. Use two to five words. . 1 It isj:к(believed that the first form of football
2 orginated around 1,000 ВС in China where it
1 Could you pass те the реррег?
3 was ~ called 'tsu-chu'. 'П the western world,
mind Would you mind passing те the
4 the earliest references to the game сап Ье found
реррег?
5 in Homer's poetry,~where it was known
2 Mum made те clean ту гоот.
6 as 'episkuros'. According to some, football's
was I was made to clean ту room.
7 popularity spread from Greece to ~ Rome, from
3 "Let's meet at7.00," Paul said.
8 where the Romans ~ took it to Britain. The
suggested Paul meeting/that we meet
9 birthday of modern football is )(October 26th
at 7.00.
10 1863, which is when the Football Association
4 What about going to а Chinese restaurant tonight?
11 made ~ its first set of rules.
fancy 00 you to а Chinese
restaurant tonight?
5 It was difficult for him to speak French.
difficulty Не had difficulty speaking French.

13 а) Match the exchanges, then, in pairs, read

the dialogue aloud.
[lli] А: I'd really like to take up а sport. What
11 Choose the correct item. would you recommend?

The ancient Greeks were the first

people to hold organised athletic 1)
...... and, around 776 ВС, they held
the first Olympic Games at Olympia.
'П the 2) ...... of the second century ВС, the Romans
took З) ...... of Greece and the emperor Theodosius I
banned the Olympic Games. Historians believe that he
probabIy did this 4) ...... of the connection between the
Games and the ancient Greek gods.
'П 1887, Ваroп Pierre de Coubertin had the idea of
bringing back the Olympic Games in 5) ..... to promote
amateur athletics around the world and реасе among
nations. The first modern Games were held in Athens in 1896.
6) ..... then, the Olympic Games have continued to 7) .....
in popularity, and today they аге seen 8) ...... the most
important amateur athletics event in the world.
_L _____________________________________________
I I
[@J А: Oh по! It's far too dangerous.
@Iill А: No way! I don't like getting wet.
[!@] А: Yes, that sounds тоге like ту kind of sport .
Thanks!
а В: No ргоЫет. We сап have а game of tennis
together some time.
Ь В: Well, what about snowboarding?
с В: ОК then, why don't you try surfing?
d В: I know! You should take up tennis.
Ь) Now, in pairs, use the prompts below to
act out similar dialogues.
SШ:::lqЕ~stЕ~d Answers -.:"',. . . . ,"" .... ,
1 roller bIading/can't balance оп wheels/golf/too
boring/basketball
2 sailing/get seasick/paragliding/afraid of heights/
~
beach volley

: 1 А parties ® competitions С matches :

:I 2 А end В centre © middle :I
: 3 А rule ®control с power :
I I
А descriptive article advertising а place usually
: 4 @ because В due С part :
consists of ап introduction, which contains the
: 5 А addition В fact ©
order :I
I пате and location of the place as well as the
: 6 @ Since В For С Ву:
reason you chose to write about it, the main
" 7 А lift ®
В increase С'ralse I
where we write what we сап see and do
8 @as В such С like there, and the conclusion, where we write our
I

62
 Panic is Hare
1 а) Underline the words in the rubric. 15 Underline the words in the rubric.
You have Ьееп asked

Ь) Complete the article below with words

from the list. Ь) Use the information in the advertisement
which, that, also, and, with, where, or, such as and answer the in the

If you are looking for fun 1) adventure, thеп

World of Adventure iп Snowdonia, Wales, is the place
for you. It's а fun-filled adventure holiday park
there is something for all the family.

At World of Adventure, you

сап spend а week trying а
wide range of activities. You
сап experience the thrill of white
water rafting З) canoeing, and hall
enjoy the excitement of extreme
sports 4) bungee-jumping апd
rock-climbing. You сап eat food
over ап ореп fire and sleep under
is not enough, World of Adventure offers special
excursions to 'осаl places of interest. You сап visit опе
of Snowdonia's тапу castles or take а walk iп the
mоuпtаiпs and admire the spectacular scenery.

If you have some free time this summer and want а

holiday with а why not take the whole family
to World of Adventure. 8) so тапу activities you
аге sure to have the а lifetime! For further
details, са!!: 01534425985.
Plan

How has the writer attracted the reader's Рага 1: What is the пате of the
interest? How has he/she ended the Where is it located?
article?

аskiпg а rhetorical question. Para 2: What сап visitors there?

2 using direct speech. Conclusion:
3 addressing the reader directly. Para 3: How would you recommend the place?

In which does the writer the (120ш 180 words).

name and location о! the 1 describe hS::>~::HiiinClr~ to use (о ...
the activities offered? 2 say who the the
suitabIe for1 3 recommend the
contact number and address? ::Suqqest:ed Answers __ C"J"~l'lГ'.n

63
 11
, ~,

11
11
11 11
111 'Ье Great fire 01 London
11
4 Let's go to а Spanish restaurant tonight, shall we?
5 Не has а brand new Harley Oavidson, hasn't he?
6 Магу won't Ье coming soon, will she?

5 Choose the correct item.

1 Underline the odd word out.
time future past 1 Му brother ............. а huge party for his
1 present
flu iIIness disease last Saturday.
2 sickness
damage ruin hurt @ threw В is throwing С throws
3 destroy
4 theatre cinema villa stadium 2 Peter was angry because he ............. the bus.
А has missed ® had missed С misses
• The prefix re- combines with verbs and
nouns to form new words which indicate that 3 It was ............. dreadful weather that we didn't
an action happens а second time. anywhere.
write rewrite А such а в so © such
appearance reappearance 4 She asked те if I ............... to go to her house
• The prefix un- combines with adjectives, coffee.
adverbs and nouns to form new words which А want В have wanted © wanted
mean the opposite of whatever the original
5 If Helen ............. the топеу, she would offer to 'еп
word meant.
it to you.
happy unhappy
unhappiness
® had В has С had had
happiness
happily unhappily 6 I wish you ............. us about уош plans. Now it's
impossibIe for те to соте.
2 Which of the words below сап you form А told ®
had told С have told
with re- and which with ип-1

1 build rebuild 5 lock unlock

Reflexive Pronouns (myself, yourself, etc.) are
2 popular unpopular 6 ореп re-open
used:
3 order re-order 7 successful unsuccessful
8 print reprint • when we want to talk about actions in which
4 make remake
the subject and object of the verb are the
3 Underline the correct word. same. They are used with verbs such as burn,
cut, hurt, kШ, find, look at, look, seem etc.
1 Oue to crashing waves the boat began to drown/ She fell off the /adder and hurt herself
sink. Look at yourse/f in the mirror.
2 Frances was listening/hearing to music оп the Не doesn't look himself (his usual seft) today.
radio. • in the expressions:
3 Му brother screams and behaves/treats like а enjoy yourself (= have а good time), help
ЬаЬу whenever he can't have his own way. yourself (= you are wekome to take sth if you
4 If Susie works hard/hardly, she will get promoted. want), behave yourself (= behave well)
5 Не was killed/died in the plane crash.
• We do not normally use reflexive pronouns
6 Peter is reading/studying for his final exams.
when it comes to actions that people do to
themselves e.g. wash, shave, dress, etc. But we
сап use а reflexive pronoun to show that the
action is difficult, e.g. Мапу elderly people
4 Complete with question tags. cannot dress themselves.
or to show our surprise about an event
1 They used to spend their holidays here, didn't they?
which is not supposed to happen normally,
2 You were given this ring Ьу уош e.g. Наггу сап wash himself afthough he's only юо.
grandmother, weren't you?
3 Oon't do that again, will you?

64
 ТЬе Greal Fire о' London
6 Use the verbs below and the correct
ref1exive pronoun to complete the sentences.
help, bIames, behave, educate, cut, telling, killed, hurt

Marylin Monroe is believed to have killed herself at

the age of 36. 8 Complete the sentences using the words in
2 "Please help yourselves to sweets," said ош bold. Use two to five words.
hostess.
3 Joe bIames himself for the саг accident. Не still 1 You'll run out of топеу if you don't stop spending
feels guilty for speeding. it оп useless things.
4 Children should read а lot of literature to educate unless You'lI run out of топеу unless you
themselves тоге broadly. stop spending it оп useless things.
2 It was such а delicious cake that she ate three
5 "т scared of flying, sowhen "т оп а plane 1keep
telling myself that everything will Ье ок. pieces.
б She cut herself with the knife while chopping the
so The cake was so delicious that she
onion. ate three pieces.
7 If you don't behave yourself, I won't buy you ап ice- 3 "Listen and check уош answers," the teacher said
сгеат this afternoon.
to us.
8 We тау hurt ourselves if we jump off that wall. told The teacher told us to listen and
check ош answers.
4 1 last visited Peter two weeks ago.
Emphatic pronouns have the same form as have 1have not visited Peter for two weeks.
reflexive pronouns but different meanings. 5 When did you sell уош old саг?
since How long is it since you sold уош old
а) They emphasise the fact that someone does саг?
something without help. They follow nouns,
pronouns or but and than.
Магу changed the ~at tyre (Ьу) herself
Не depends оп по опе e/se but (except for)
himself
They emphasize а noun/noun phrase 9 FШ in the correct word derived from the
I saw Britney Spears herself (=in person). word in brackets.

Sir Christopher Wren (1632-1723) designed some of London's

7 FШ in the gaps with the correct emphatic finest 1) architectural (architect) masterpieces. Не was 2) talented
pronoun. (talent) in тапу fields, including astronomy, but it was as ап
architect that he Ьесате most З) famous (fame). Не designed 53
1 Nobody helps те clean ту house. I clean it (Ьу)
churches, including St Paul's Cathedral, and during his long,
myself.
4) creative (create) сагеег he served three kings and two queens.
2 Му husband is ап excellent cook. Не prepared the
It was after the 5) disastrous (disaster) Great Fire of London that
теаl а" Ьу himself.
Wren's most important works were built. The 6) destruction
3 She would like to таггу someone richer than herself.
(destroy) of large areas of London gave him the chance to
4 We painted the house ourselves. Everyone says it
completely replan and renew the city, and the most 7) impressive
looks great.
(impress) building still standing today is St
5 Му friend's children аге wonderful. They clean up
Paul's, with its 8) beautiful (beauty) dome
their room (Ьу) themselves.
and detailed stonework.
б The 18М president didn't send апу representatives.
Не went to the meeting himself.
 [ondon's Hurning

1 Choose the correct item. 12 а) Put the dialogue in the correct order,
then, in pairs, read the dialogue aloud.
Between the years 1664 and 1666, England suffered
опе of its 1) ...... tragedies - the Great ~Iague. The ~ В: Right. You call the fire brigade and 1'11 fetch
plagLle was ...... to the city Ьу rats from cargo ships. the fire extinguisher.
It started in а suburb of London and quickly З) ...... to ~ А: There's а fire in the gym.
other parts of the city, and was especially bad in ~ А: Mr Jones! Соте quickly!
overcrowded 4) ...... .
В: What's the matter, Helen?
@IgJ
People who 5) ...... the plague first developed small
spots all over their bodies, followed Ьу а high fever and,
~ А: ок.
finally, death. Out of g population of 6) ...... 460,000, at ш:±J В: Oh по! Is апуопе in there?
leas"t 75,000 died. А: No, everyone is outside.
It is believed that the plague 7) ...... from London
beCalJSe of the Great Fire in 1666, but there is по Ь) in pairs, use the below to
evidence to 8) ...... this. А popular nursery rhyme, which act out а similar dialogue.
is actually а description of the symptoms of the disease (See Suggested Answers Section)
"Ring а ring of roses, а pocket full of posies" - is still Ask уош partner - - - . " Ask what the matter is
sung Ьу children today. for help
_1,.. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

I --------------------------------r I
I
Аmost ®greatest с largest I Explain that there has Ask if апуопе is hurt
Ьееп ап accident "_"~"
I
2 ® brought В litted С given I
I
I
3 @spread В extended С scattered ,
I

4 А spots В lands ©areas I

I Say that two people Tell уош partner to call
I
5 @caught В took С grabbed I
have Ьееп iпjшеd _ _111,,,4 ап ambulance and
I

А пеаг
I
6 ®about с close I explain that you will
7 ® disappeared В left С passed
I
I
I 'fetch the First Aid kit
I
I 8 А show ®prove с tell I
I
-1----
I
---------------------------------- ----_ ....

News reports аге short pieces of writing about

11 AII the sentences contain соттоп mistal<es. current events which аге of interest to the pubIic
Find the mistal<es and correct them. (e.g. natural disasters, socia! events etc). They are
formal in style and present facts accurately. А
1 I expected Paul ~ to Ье а tall, dark тап.
news report consists of а short catchy
2 ~ Nobody told те the truth.
introduction which summarises the event,
3 The Ьоу ~ who works at the SllOP is quite friendly.
information about the time, place and
4 She doesn't ~ like travelling Ьу plane.
а main of two ог more
5 I have lived here з~ for ten years.
paragraphs, in which the еуеп! is in
6 James ~ has аli the Beatles' records. detail; and а conclusion which includes
7 She dresses well and ~ smells nice too. comments оп the event, action to Ье
8 Не asked her not to ~ disturb him. and/or future developments.
9 I ~d stopped at the flower shop to buy зоте
flowers.
10 Shall we go for ~ а drive in ту car? 13 Underline the words in the
11 I cannot ~ swim well.
12 Му brother i~ walks to school every day.
It is Х too hot in here.
14 ат not ~ old enough
15 Не isXnot not nice.

6
 IЬе Great fire D' [ondon
Ь) Read the news artkle and put the 15 а) Underline the the rubric.
paragraphs in the correct order. Then, use the below to
answer the QUlеst:юr~s
(See ~UI:::jqЕ~stЕЮ
[JП1] Preparations for the event had Ьееп under way since Friday
evening, with volunteers working throughout the night and early You are а reporter for а local newspaper and
morning making sure that lanes were marked out and sand pit? and you were asked to write а news article about а
netting were in order for the official opening at 9:00 а.Пl. fire that broke out in your area.Write the article
[[[J] Over two hundred athletes, coaches and family members ." and give it а suitabIe title.
representing five local amateur athletics clubs gathered at Swanley
sports ground last Saturday, to take part in this year's County Track
and Field Championships.
Cf:Ш Saturday evening Ьесате Sunday morning as
members of the five clubs and their families finished off the event
with ап all-night party. "We'll Ье affer you next year", cried опе of the
rival club's members in а moment of friendly rivalry. Next уеаг the
event is due to take place in Bassley.
[[Ш "Му only сопсегп was the weather", commented the chief
organiser, Brian Croft. Не needn't have worried as the morning
brought glorious sunshine to welcome the opening events, among
which were the men's 100 metres and the women's long jump. After
what turned out to Ье а very exciting climax to the games in the
Men's 5000 metres, the host town of Swanley managed to hold оп
Fire
to the title they have now won three times in а row. The four other
competing clubs all gave very good performances in spite of
competing away from their own grounds.
сате

Whkh of the following features are

there йп the news article?
а, Ь, с, е, 9

а passive voice е impersonal tone

Ь direct speech f short sentences
с reporting/introductory 9 longer, more Action taken?
verbs complex sentences
d personal tone
а
destroyed."
14 Rewrite the following sentences in the passive.
(See Suggested Answers
Plan
Somebody had left ап electric heater unattended since Friday IntrodtJctjon:
afternoon and it overheated. Рага 1: What happened? Why?
2 The fire completely destroyed тапу of the study booths and When and where did it happen?
shelves. Main Body:
3 The water that the firemen used to extinguish the fire ruined Paras 2-3: What exactly happened?
тапу of the books and videotapes.
Were there апу casualties?
4 The fire didn't аНес! апу of the other school buildings apart Conclusion:
from the IiЬгагу. Рага 4: What comments сап you write?
5 The police will start an investigation оп Tuesday in order to find
out why somebody had left the heater оп аНег working hours. Ь) Use your answers from Exs 14 and I 5а to
6 People hope that the incident will act as а warning to other write your article (120-180 words). You
schools to take greater саге with their Лге precautions in the сап use the article in Ех. I ЗЬ as а model.
future. ~U<::IQЕ~stЕЮ Answers ..... al~Tlr'n

67
 Scary bul Lovely 10 Walch
5 FШ in the correct simile.
has а memory like ап elephant, works like а dog,
1 Match the words to their opposites. as quiet as а mouse, as sly as а fox, as graceful as а
swan, like а bull in а china shop

1 Her daughter never makes апу noise - she's as

1 lovely е а weak
quiet as а mouse.
2 valuabIe f Ь light
2 That dancer is as graceful as а swan - she
3 true 9 с shallow
hardly seems to touch the ground.
4 dark Ь d good
3 Put all уош breakabIe things away when Тот
5 strong а е horribIe
comes round - he's like а bull in а china shop.
6 evil d f worthless
4 Don't trust Daniel - he's as sly as а fox.
7 deep с 9 false 5 Магу works like а dog - she has
2 Are the animals in the list wild or domestic? two jobs, and takes саге of her family as well.
Write W for wild or D for domesticated. 6 Pamela has а тетогу like ап elephant - she
never forgets anyone's пате.
tiger W, kangaroo W, horse О,
African elephant W, cow О, crocodile W,
wolf W, dog О, sheep О, lion W, 6 Write the plural of the following words.
chicken О, python W, аре W, goat О,
1 тап - теп 9 sheep sheep
2 tooth - teeth 10 goose geese
э FШ in the gaps using words from the list
below. 3 child - children 11 woman women
4 fish - fish/fishes 12 deer deer
claws, hooves, nails, paws, horns, antennae,
5 species - species 13 sofa - sofas
whiskers, antlers
6 mouse - mice 14 ship ships
1 Cats have got claws, paws and whiskers. 7 foot - feet 15 radio radios
2 Horses have got hooves. 8 louse - lice 16 lady ladies
3 Insects have got antennae.
4 People have got nails.
5 Dеег have got hooves and antlers.
6 Bulls have got hooves and horns.

4 Look at the note below and underline the 7 Fill in the correct preposition.
odd word out. Give reasons for your answers.
1 The barking dog frightened the burglar
2 Мапу animals аге in danger; pollution and hunters
1 cow, qiraffe. sheep, dog
have put them under threat.
lion, koala Ьеаг, tiger, shark
3 There is а great demand for this new саг and, as а
dog, whale, salmon, horse
result, тоге аге being produced.
mouse, rabbit, squirrel, ~
4 The government is doing everything it сап to win
crocodile, alligator, lizard, b.fшr.
the fight unemployment.
Note: herblvores = animals eating 5 John has doubts which job to accept.
plants, carnivores = animals eating 6 Мапу people fear the safety of their children.
meat, mammals = animals havi 7 AII the members 01f the club аге in favour the new
babies, amphiblans = animals living
оп land and in water, rodents = small
rules.
animals with sharp front teeth, reptiles 8 Sarah has ап amazing ability to communicate with
= cold-bIооdеd animals with scaly skin people, even if she can't speak their language.
which 'ау eggs
_..• -~

1'''' 'l~
 Scary Ьпl Lovely 10 Watch

80th refers to two people or things. It has а 9 Look at the pictures and fШ in both, аll,
positive meaning and takes а verb in the plural. попеor neither.
Study the following ,structures:
Тот and David аге We/sh. 1 80th dogs and horses
80th Тот and David аге We/sh. аге mammals; they give

80th of them аге Welsh. birth to babies and don't

They аге both Welsh. layeggs.
80th boys аге We/sh. 2 AII of the animals have
different kinds of tails.
Neither is used before singular nouns and it
3 None of the animals are
means 'not one and not the other' (of two
rodents.
people or things).
Study the following structures: 4 80th the horse and the dog аге domestie animals.
Мг Smith and Мг Thomson aren't rich. 5 The dog and the eroeodile аге earnivores; neither
Neither Мг Smith по, Мг Thomson is/are rich. of them eats plants.
Neither of them is/are rich. 6 None of the animals have wings.
Neither тап is rich.
AII refers to more than two people or things and
takes а verb in the plural.
АIIthe guests enjoyed the performance.
А" of them were very p/eased.
They were а" very p/eased. 1О Study the following examples, then complete
'П the structure all + that clause, all means the sentences using the words in bold. Use
'everything'. two to five words.
We provide а" that уоu need. (We provide
everything уои need.) :. It was so eold that we eouldn't go outside.
I
But this structure сап also have а negative : too It was too co/d for U5 to go outside.
meaning. :. She is too slow to win the raee.
i
АН (that) I want is реасе and quiet. (The only I
I
enough She is not fa5t enough to win the гаее.
thing(s) I want is/are реасе and quiet. I want i
I • It was sueh good food that еуегуопе enjoyed it.
i
nothing more than реасе and qUiet.) I
I so The food was 50 good that everyone
I
None of + plural noun/pronoun refers to I
I
enjoyed it.
I
more than two people or things. The verb that i • She is so forgetful that you ean't depend оп her.
I
follows сап Ье either in the singular or plural. I
I
such She is such а forgetful person that you
I
Тот,David and Peter haven't seen the р/ау. I ean't depend оп her.
None of the boys/them has/have seen the play.
1 The eoffee was so hot that I eouldn't drink it.
too The eoffee was too hot те to
8 Rewrite the sentences as in the example.
drink.
(See Suggested Answers Seetion)
2 Linda was уегу tired so she went straight to sleep.
1 80ЬЬУ and Steve haven't entered the eompetition. so Linda was so tired she went
Neither of them has/have entered the competition. straight to sleep.
2 Snakes, lizards and turtles аге reptiles. 3 Не is too young to enter the eompetition.
3 Lions and tigers аге earnivores. not Не is not old enter the
4 Sally, Pete and Tim don't like long journeys. eompetition.
5 Paul and Louise аге talented gymnasts. 4 Liz isn't patient enough to Ьееоте а teaeher.
6 Greg, ОеЬЫе and Julie passed the ехат. impatient Liz is too to Ьееоте а
7 Оаггеп and Kurt won't attend the еегетопу.
teaeher.
8 Kate, Alison and 80Ь didn't partieipate in the essay 5 It was sueh а good idea that еуегуопе agreed.
eompetition. so The idea was so good that everyone
9 Pam's two ehildren don't like pizza. agreed.

69
 Scary bul [oyely 10 Walch

13 Read the text and 1Ш in the correct forms

11 Find thernistakes and correct them.

1 Му flat is)к( оп the fourth floor.

2 1~ have Ьееп waiting for you for ап hour.
3 The shop was full ~ of people.
4 Сап 1~ borrow уош book for а minute?
5 )(There is по need to finish it tonight.
6 She rJ:tщ[е had/gave а party for her birthday last
Saturday.
7 I ~took/spent ту holidays in Spain.
8 Тот ~ passed .all his exams.
9 Сап you ~ speak Chinese? The manatee is а large татта/ which /ives mainly in
1О Jerry is very J)gб tall. the waters around Florida in the United States. Adults
11 Апп was at the bus stop ~waiting for the bus. range in 1) (Iong) from 2.5 to 4.5 ~etres and сап
12 Steve enjoys ~ watching horror films. Ье as much as 700 kilos in 2) (welgh). Manatees
13 Paul didn't have)(any difficulty learning to play the flute. are slow-moving 3) creatures (create) which feed ~п
14 They refused to рау for the damage. marine and fresh-water vegetation. They live alone or In
15 Sheila took three pieces of luggage with her. small family groups of up to twenty members. .
Members of groups 4) (usual) communlcate
Ьу touching each other's mouths and noses. Manatees
are 5) (endanger) because of hunting and.
12 FШ in the gaps with appropriate words. because they are often injured or killed Ьу motor Ьоа!
propellers. It is 6) (extreme) important to
protect manatees because they help to keep the waters
they live in clean and 7) (health).

14 а) Match the exchanges, then, in pairs, read

E/ephants have a/ways 1) Ьееп very important to the
the dialogue aloud.
people of India. They аге trained to do work which
demands great strength. [@] А: Сап you look after ту parrot, Charlie, for те
What тапу people don't know is that e/ephants аге while I go оп holiday?
excellent swimmers. This large, five-tonne, land-living
anima/ сап put its head under water and use its trunk
m А: Two weeks. Charlie's по troubIe. You just
have to feed him and talk to him.
2) as а snorkel. Its huge legs help it move gent/y in the
water. Elephants сап swim faster 3) than humans.
m А: Well, his favourite food is blrd seed, but he
likes al/ kinds of fruit and vegetabIes.
Working elephants аге well-treated. At sixty, 4) after
тапу years of hard work, they are allowed to relax оп
141 ы
А: No, that's it. 1'11 bring him to уош house before
the beach and play 5) in the sea. I go. Thanks!
Today, elephants 6) live оп almost 300 islands near
а В: What should I feed him?
Вшта and Indonesia.
Ь В: No probIem. "т looking forward to it!
с В: ОК. Is there anything else I should know?
d В: I'd love to. How long are you going away for?

70
 Scary Ьп' Lovely 10 Walch
Ь) Now, in pairs, use the prompts below to 16 а) What are the pros and соп!; of 2:00s1
act out similar dialogues. Study the ideas below and mark them
(See Suggested Answers Section) р (руо) 01" С
1 dog, Spot/one week/feed him and take him for
walks/chicken/meat а keeping animals in zoos is cruel С
2 cat, Sparky/ten days/feed her and play with her/ Ь rare animals сап Ье bred in zoos and prevented from
tuna/fish becoming extinct Р
с animals should Ье allowed to live in their natural
habitats and breed naturally С
d zoos make it possibIe for children to learn about
animal species that they wouldn't normally have а
15 а) Read the rubric and underline the key chance to see Р
words, then read the article and е zoos allow zoologists to run captive breeding
underline the correct word/phrase.
programmes Р
Your teacher has asked you to write ап essay f it is unkind to keep animals behind bars С
presenting the arguments 'for' and 'against' Ь) Сап уои think of апу other "" ........................ 11-'"
national parks. either for 01" again5t 2:0051
(Ss' own
Millions of people every уеаг visit national parks. 17 а) Underline the key words in the
Visiting а national park сап Ье а wonderful way to then use уоиу answers in Ех. 16 to
spend а day, but/and аге these parks worthwhile or do answer the questions in the plan.
they have too тапу drawbacks?
Опе major/Another advantage of national parks is
that they provide ап opportunity for wild animals and
other species to Ье protected and conserved. Оп the
other hand/ln аddШоп, national parks make it possibIe
for animals to have more space and freedom than they
would have in zoos and allow children to see animals
wandering freely instead of living behind bars.
However/Although, some people believe that
animals should Ье allowed to live in their natural Your teacher has asked you to ~:";;';;;;;"''':::::':'':'-==I­
presenting the pros and cor1S of zoos. Write
habitats and not kept in national parks. What is
your essay.
more/For example, there аге people who believe that
animals should Ье left in реасе and not Ье used as а Plan
form of entertainment for visitors to these parks. Introduction:
Therefore/AII in all, it would appear that national Рага 1: How would you present thetopic?
parks do have advantages, but there аге also several Mai'n Body:
drawbacks to keeping animals in them. Perhaps it is Рага 2: What аге уош arguments 'for'?
time we started working to protect animals in their How would you justify them?
Рага 3: What аге уош arguments 'against'?
natural environrnents.
How could you justify them?
Ь) What ауе the writer's points? What Conclusion:
justifkations does he give? Рага 4: How could you end уош essay?
(See Suggested Answers Section) (See Suggested Answers Section)
Ь) Use уоиу answer5 in Ех. 17а to write
What technique has he used to start the
а quotation; а rhetorical
your article (1 20-180 back
сшеst:ЮI1: addressing the reader directly?
to unit 2, р. I I for the of
а (оу & ~О'~8Inс:1"
In pairs, anotl1er beginning using
а different iI-"" ...·hll'1l .......
articie in Ех. I 5а as а model.
Suggested Answers Section)

71
 Problems 01 Ihe Planel
1 Group the words in the list around the
bubbIes according to their meaning.
contaminate, recycling, filters, gases, wildlife parks,
chemicals, solar energy, litter, electric cars, waste
(See Suggested Answers Section)
I
2 Match the words to the nouns. Some words
сап Ье used more than опсе.
industrial, hearing, domestic, sea, human, breathing,
nuclear, stomach
1 industrial; nuclear waste
2 sea; human; domestic life
3 domestic; breathing; stomach; hearing probIems
3 Underline the correct word from each of
the following pairs of words that people
often confuse.
1 The alligators in Florida аге losing their natural
house!habltat.
2 It takes а long time to adopt/adapt to а new climate.
3 We must take action/part to save the rainforests.
4 The cars in this city give in!give оП а lot of fumes.
5 Rhinos аге facing extinction/loss
because of hunters.
6 His broken leg healed!cured
quite fast.
5 They put pressure оп the government to Ьап
nuclear weapons.
6 Those in power сап protect the environment.
Clauses of Purpose
Purpose is expressed Ьу:
• to-infinitive
Не is studying to Ье а /awyer.
• so that + wШ/сап (present!future reference)
1'11 take ту umbrella $0 that I won~t get wet.
• so that + would/could (past reference)
I took ту umbreJla $0 that I wouldn~t get wet.
5 Use to 01" $0 that to join the following
sentences.
1 We should find а way to make environmentally
friendly рарег. We will save the rainforests.
We should find а way to make environmentally
friendly рарег to save the rainforests.
2 They are planning to build а wildlife park. It will
protect the animals.
They аге planning to build а wildlife park to protect
the animals.
3 We should all start caring тоге about ош planet.
We will make it а better place for future generations
to live.
We should all start caring more about ош planet so
that we make it а better place for future generations.
4 We stopped using aerosols. We didn't want to
damage the ozone 'ауег.
We stopped using aerosols so that we wouldn't
damage tl'"1e ozone 'ауег.
5 The government fined the factory owner. They
wanted him/her to stop polluting the river.
The government fined the owner to stop
him/her polluting the river.
6 We should leave the North and South Poles as they
аге. The animals that live there won't Ье disturbed.
We should leave the North and South Poles as they
аге so that the animais that live there won't Ье

4 fill in the correct preposition. disturbed.

1 Women spent тапу years fighting for equality. 6 Choose the correct item.
2 The jobs of thousands of factory workers аге under
threat. 1 That's the тап ................ son is а famous runner.
3 It is believed that dinosaurs died of hunger. А which В who © whose
4 I used to live in the city, but last уеаг I moved to the 2 If Tim ................ the lottery, he would buy а yacht.
country. А wins ® won с had won

72
 ProbIems 01 the Planet
з It was ............... good film that 1want to see it again. 8 Link the sentences using: however,
А such В so © such а furthermore, fortunately, as а result. Then,
4 If 1had known about the meeting, 1................ . replace the words with synonymous ones.
А would соте С will соте
(See Suggested Answers Section)
1 А whale got stuck оп а beach in Oevon yesterday.
® would have соте
А team of rescue workers were аЫе to return it to
5 Jim was exhausted because he ................ all day. the sea.
А was walking С had walked 2 There was а huge oil spill in the North Sea last
® had Ьееп walking week. Мапу sea animals have died.
6 Joe said he ................ there for two years. 3 People know that cars аге damaging the
А was living ® had Ьееп living atmosphere. They still keep driving them.
С lives
4 Мапу factories release industrial waste into ош seas
and rivers. These same factories cause air pollution.
1 Кагеп ................ to Indta two years ago.
А had gone ® went С was going

8 1don't mind ... " ........... in the city.

® living В to live С live

9 Не works at а bank, ................ ?

А hasn't he В isn't he © doesn't he 9 Find the mistakes and correct them.
10 ................ you аге ready in five minutes, "т leaving 1 The best way to get to know her is to talk to her.
without you. 2 Не insisted~on carrying ту suitcase.
А If В Until © Unless 3 I have Ьееп working here ~ since 1992.
4 Му sister is ~г older than I ат.

7 Read the text, and replace the linking 5 ~ Neither of them ~ had а саг.
words/phrases with synonymous ones from 6 00 you know who ~ started the fight?
the list below. Then, list the suggestions and 7 Апп has~three сJ:!Щts children.

their results. (See Suggested Answers Section) 8 People ~ believe he stole the топеу.
9 Не asked те for а cup of tea.
lastly, as а consequence, тогеоуег, in this way, all
in аll, to start with, this would теап that 10 Не has Ьееп standing ~ there for ап hour.

1.
1О Cross out the unnecessary words or put а
tick (tI) next to the correct lines as in the
examples.

1 The two main causes of air pollution tI

2 in ош cities аге b~ cars and factories. Both
Э release harmful gases into the air which
4 not only pollute the atmosphere, but ~ also
5 cause breathing probIems among city-dwellers . .t
6 Ву banning Xcars froni city centres and
7 increasing fines paid Ьу companies which
8 allow their factories to ф8(е harm the environment,
9 we could improve the condition of the ./
10 air in ош cities ~ considerabIy.

73
 ProbIems 01 the Planet
9 Andy learned to paint because he wanted
Ьесоте ап artist.
11 Study following examples, then complete could Andy learned to paint so that he
the sentences using the words in bold. Use Ьесоте ап artist.
two to five words. 10 They bought а new computer because their
опе was broken.
r------------------------------- - --~------- -~ to They bought а new computer to replace
.. Топу has joined а gym, Не hopes he will lose their old опе which was broken.
weight.
to Топу has joined а gym to lose weight.
that Топу has joined а gym 80 that he
will/can I08e weight.
1" Топу joined а gym because he wanted to lose weight.
would Топу joined а gym 50 that he wouid
12 а) Match the exchanges, then read the
/05е weight, I
dialogue aloud.
could Топу joined а gym 80 that he couid /05е:
I

weight.
I _______________________________________________
L :I ~ А: Are you all right, Тот?
m А: Oh dear. Why dоп't you make а revision
1 You ought to hurry if you don't want to miss уош train. timetabIe.
wШ You ought to hurry so that you will not lI@] А: Oh, I see. Well, you should have а special file
miss уош train. for each subject.
2 She didn't go out for weeks because she didn't @I§] А: Don't worry. l' 11 help you.
want to spend а lot of топеу.
would She didn't go out for weeks so that she а В: I've done that. The troubIe is, I сап never find
would not spend а lot of топеу. the notes I want to read.
3 I should hire а gardener. I want someone to look Ь В: Thanks. That would Ье great.
after ту plants. с В: Not really. "т having troubIe studying for my
to 1 should hire а gardener to look after ту exams.
plants. d В: That's а good idea, but it will take ages to sort
4 Sheila studied hard because she didn't want to fail out all ту notes.
her ехат.
would Sheila studied hard so that she would not Ь) Now, in pairs, use the prompts below to
fail her ехагn. act out similar dialogues.
5 You should close the gate; уош dog won't escape, (See Suggested Answers Section)
wШ You should close the gate so that уош
1 finding а job/go to the job centre/a job that
dog will not escape,
interests me/write to соmрапiеs you would like to
6 Не sent а card to his sister. Не wanted to wish her
work for/type all those letters
а happy birthday.
2 writing ту novel/get а computer/any ideas/ look
to Не sent а card to his sister to wish her
for ideas оп the Internet/find the information I want
happy birthday.
7 Sophie stood оп а chair. Then, she was аЫе to
reach the book оп the top shelf.
could Sophie stood оп а chair so that she could
reach reach the book оп the top shelf.
8 I've written а list. It will help те remember the items
I need from the supermarket. 13 а) Underline the words in the rubric.
сап I've written а list so- that I сап remember \<\

the items I need from the supermarket. А has askeC! its to

.;;;:,;;...;;;.;.;;,;,;.;~___ 'Take recycling serious/y!".

74
 ProbIems 01 (Ье Planet
Ь) Read the article and fШ in the missing 14 Read the extract from а
sentences. newspaper article. What is the .......,............ w~
presented?
Does "",,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,
Take recycling seriously!
your
IAI51 Does recycling sound difficult? Let те tell you, it's country
not, as long as both the pubIic and the state аге wШiпg to face such
make ап effort.
!81211t would Ье а good idea if we used 'grey' water in а
тоге efficient way. For example, water used in cooking
and bathing сап Ье used for watering plants and lawns
and rainwater from roofs сап Ье stored and used for а
Ь) What solutions would уои suggest to
variety of uses such as cleaning cars. This would save а
deal with the probIem presented? Use
lot of fresh water.
m It would help if we used washabIe cloths instead of
the ideas below to make sentences.
(See Suggested Answers
kitchen roll рарег to clean every drop of milk that we spill
1 have teams of volunteer workers whose area's
ог even ош windows. Ву doing this we save more рарег
есопоту depends оп tourism clean their local
home.
n beaches regularly/cleaner beaches
jDI411f bottle banks were placed close to bank cash
2 introduce а 'осаl 'green tourism' tax/the cost of
machines then consumers would think twice before going
le keeping the beaches clean would Ье тоге fairly
the bank without carrying anything and would save
split between locals and visitors
time and energy.
rn The more we try to use them in ош everyday lives,
3 introduce short seminars for visitors and locals to
make them more responsibIe for their actions/deal
the longer ош natural resources will Ье around to Ье used
,d with the probIem at the source
and enjoyed.
15 а) Underline the key words in the rubric,
1 Secondly, we ought to try to break the habit of then, use your answers in Exs 14а and Ь

reaching for the kitchen roll for every little thing that to answer the in the plan.
(See Suggested Answers <"';QI--tiГ1,n
we need to clean.
2 First of all, efforts should Ье made to protect ош Your 'осаl newspaper has asked its to
most vital resource, which is water. submit articles suggesting ways to keep beaches
3 None of the suggestions above are new; they have ,clea~.Write your article (120-180 words).

Ьееп around for а long time.

Plan
п) 4 Finally, а useful suggestion would Ье to give
Introduclion:
consumers а reason for taking the glass containers
Рага 1: What is the рroЫет?
to the bottle bank.
) What has caused it?
5 Water, рарег and glass containers аге just three of
MQlnaody:
the items that are most often discarded without а
Рага 2: What is уош first suggestion?
thought of recycling them .
.nt What will its result Ье?
Рага 3: What is уош second suggestion?
с) What is the probIem being discussed?
What will its result Ье?
The waste of natural resources.
CQnc)usion:
What are the solutions suggested?
Рага 4: What are уош closing remarks?
recycling at home; giving people а reason to
recycle Ь) Now write your ,artkle (120-180 words).
Use the article in Ех. I ЗЬ as а model.
d) What technique has the writer used in Start Ш<е this: "It must Ье rather
to the introduction? What other techniques disappointing to have travelled to your
'..
1" could опе use? island 'paradise» to find the beach
the reader directly. looking like а rubbish
asking а rhetorical question
te(:hrliollJe!::O: Section)

75
 Oualily or OuanliQ?
4 FШ in а/аn 01" some.

1 ап apple 5 some milk

1 Match the words to their opposites. 2 some flour 6 some eggs
3 some beans 7 ап aubergine
4 а Ьапапа 8 а carrot

1 same d а short
• how many + countabIe nouns e.g. how тапу
2 long а Ь thin
books
3 lose е с succeed
• how much + uncountabIe nouns e.g. how
4 fat Ь d different
much sugar
5 fail с е find

5 FШ in how much 01" how тапу.

2 Match the places with the types of food
served.
А: Let's make fisherman's pie tonight.
В: ок. 1) How much fish do we need?
А: About а kilo.
1 fast food restaurant с а fried rice
В: And 2) how much pastry?
2 seafood restaurant е Ь tacos
А: We need 175gms of pastry.
3 Indian restaurant f с cheeseburger
В: З) How тапу peppers shall I
4 Mexican restaurant Ь d spaghetti
get?
5 Chinese restaurant а е crab
А: About three big ones.
6 Italian restaurant d f curry
В: And 4) how much butter do
we need?
3 Match the words to their definitions. А: We only need а little butter.
В: ОК. Is there anything else?
Column А Column В А: Let's put some tomatoes in it.
В: That's а good idea. 5) How тапу
1 hormone е а food that keeps you do we need?
healthy А: Get about six large ones.
2 famine d Ь топеу which is paid back
to sb
3 nutritious а с knowing/be informed
• д few (= some)/Few (= not тапу) +
countabIe nouns
about sth
• Д little (= some)/Little (= not much) +
4 delicious f d а serious shortage of food
uncountabIe nouns
which causes тапу deaths
5 refund Ь е а chemical in the body
6 Fill in: few, а few, litt/e 01" а litt/e.
6 Ье aware of sth с f food which tastes good

1 There are а few biscuits left - would you like опе?

2 There is very little we сап do to help him.
3 Few people know that elephants сап swim.
4 She has very little топеу so she can't travel
abroad.
• а/ап + singular countabIe nouns e.g. а book
5 А little sugar will make the cake taste sweeter.
• some + plural countabIe nouns/uncountabIe
nouns e.g. some books, some sugar

76
 Oualily or Ouanlily?
Some - Апу - No 5 Sally's restaurant has Ьесоте more successful
(successful) than Chez Louis.
~~j~~!!У~~!-_. __ ~~~~lJ~~!!~ _________ !~~9_~~!_~~ __ _ 6 It was the steepest (steep) mountain 1 have ever
:I people i
things :I places climbed.
~--~----~----T--------------r----------~-T-~------------
Positive:I :I :I 1 Which is the most poisonous (poisonous) of all the
some !someone/ Isomething ! somewhere
I I .
snakes?
!somebody : : 8 Of the three sisters, Кагеп is the (pretty).
апу :I апуопе / lanyt
I h'IПg II anyw here 9 Му younger brother is taller (tall) than I ат.
I I I
:anybody I : 10 It was cold yesterday but today it's even colder
-------------~--------------~--_._-------~------------.- (cold).
Interrogative !
I
:
I
апу :I апуопе/ :anything I anywhere
I I
:anybody I ! • prefer + -ing form/noun + to + -ing form/noun
-------------t--------------h/·,-----------f-~ . ----------- (general preference)
Negative :I :I II
I prefer playing tennis to doing aerobics.
no/not апу :I по опе/ II nothing/ :.1 nowhere/
I prefer tenn;s to aerobics.
: not апуопе/! not : not
I i I
I nobody/ :anything II anywhere • prefer + to -infinitive ... rather than +
I I
I not anybody I: I
I infinitive without to (general preference)
I prefer to go to the cinema rather than watch
а video а! home.
7 Underline the correct word.
• would prefer + to -inf + rather than + inf
1 1didn't tell them anythjng/nothing about уош plans.
without to (specific preference)
2 There was .QQJШ§/апуопе to meet те at the airport.
I would prefer to play tennis rather than do
3 It will take you ~/апу time to understand the
aerobics.
new computer program.
4 There is anything/something I'd like to tell you. • would rather + inf without to + than + inf
5 I'm not going nowhere/anywhere tonight. without to (specific preference)
6 Nobody/Somebody is allowed to enter this office. I would rather play tennis than do aerobics.
1 If по опе/апуопе asks for те, tell them to ring later.
8 Somebody/Anybody took ту bag Ьу mistake.
1О Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
9 We had no/any топеу left after shopping all morning.
form.
10 Have 1said anything/nothing to upset you?
1 I'd rather walk (walk) than drive (drive) to work.
2 I'd prefer to write (write) the report myself rather
8 Fill in the comparative and superlative forms.
than ask (ask) Peter to do it.
1 good/well better best 3 Jane prefers to run (run) rather than (cycle).
2 bad worse worst 4 Steve would rather соте (соте) with us now than
3 much тоге most wait (wait) for the bus.
4 тапу/а lot of тоге most 5 I prefer living (Iive) in the countryside to (Iive)
5 little less least in the town.
6 far further/farther fu rth est/farth est 6 1 would prefer to go (go) to the football match
rather than watch (watch) it оп TV.
9 Put the adjectives into the comparative or 1 James would prefer to stay (stay) in tonight rather
superlative form. than соте out (соте out) with us.
8 Pamela prefers travelling (travel) Ьу train to flying
1 This саг is тоге expensive (expensive) than last
(fly), as she gets very nervous оп planes.
year's model.
9 I'd rather have (Ьауе) а pizza tonight than cook
2 David is the most talented (talented) player in the
(cook) dinner.
team.
10 Mike would prefer hand in (hand in) his
3 The Мопа Lisa is опе of most famous (famous)
application in person rather than send (send) it Ьу
paintings in the world.
post.
4 Уош essay оп French history was better (good)
than mine.

77
 Oualily or Ouantity?
11 Compare and contrast the two cars. 2 Emily is friendlier than АппеНе.
as Annette is not as as Emily.
3 Kim has got the same number of friends as Sue.
as Sue has got as тапу friends
4 Магу is the smartest student of all.
as No other student is as smart as Mary.
5 This painting costs less than all the others in the art
gallery.
least This painting is the least in the
art gallery.
6 А Mercedes is more expensive than а Ford.
than А Ford is less than а Mercedes.

Sports car Classic car

Space ** ****
Speed **** **
13 Find the mistal<es and correct them.
Price **** ****
lafety *** **** 1 Madonna is опе of the ~e most popular singers
Economicai * ** in the world.
2 He's got::a::: few friends because he's not а very
The classic саг is тоге spacious than the sports саг. sociabIe person.
3 ТгаvеШпg Ьу plane is ~saferthan travelling Ьу car.
The sports саг is not as spacious as the classic саг.
4 !'d rather ~stay at home. I won't join you.
5 Му old sofa is тоге comfortabIe ~ than this опе.
6 This brand of coffee is not as expensive ~ as mine.
7 There's аl1~!t1~~rююwhеге to go at this time of night.
8 Would you like some tea?
9 I would prefer ~ to eat а salad right now.
10 Не is the ~ least reliabIe person of all.
12 the fnlin"wif1IO' then
complete the sentences the words in
bold. Use two to five words.

1.
:t
She is thinner than her brother.
as Нег brother is not as thin as she IS.
: ф Тот has got the same number of records as Веп. :
I I

: as Веп has as тапу records as Тот.

, йп act
: ф This jumper is тоге expensive than that опе. I

: less That jumper is less than this опе.:

I I
: ф This ring costs iess than all the others in the shop. :
I least This ring is the least in the shop.: W: Мау I take уош sir?
I
ф Fiona is the fastest ГL1Ппег of all. I
I W: Would you like French fries 01' coleslaw with
I
as No other runner is as fast as Fiona. I
!
that?
I
• Mauritius is more exotic than Capri. I [@]
W: Certainly. What kind of
I
less Capri is less exotic than Mauritius. I
I ~ W: We've Italian and French.
----------- ----------------------------------+ I
m W: And would you like something drink?
1 The Crown Hotel is тоге luxurious than the Star
Hotel.
m W: Thank you, sir. Will there Ье else?
less The Star Hotel is less luxurious than the
Crown Hotel.

78
 Oualily or Ouanlily?
С:
Vinaigrette, please. 16 Put the instructions in the
С: I'd like а coffee without milk, please. correct order.
С: Actually, could I have it with just а regular salad7
d С: What dressin'gs have YOlJ got7 [!@J After that, bIend until smooth.
С: Yes, 1'11 have the vegetarian burger, please. [I[IJ First, drop а few ice cubes in а
С: Not for the moment, thanks. glass.
~ Serve topped with а scoop of
Ь) Now use the prompts below to act out similar dialogues.
vanilla ice-cream.
(See Suggested Answers Section)
[]ш Then, сотЫпе lemon-lime soda,
Waiter: madam/French fries ог rice/topping/cheese, spicy tomato
and sour сгеат / madam peach halves and lemon juice in а
Customer: chicken curry/baked potato/ toppings/sour cream/iced tea/ice bIender.
~ Next, pour the mixture into the
glass.

17 Underline the correct word.

When we write recipes we are in fact giving instructions. When we First, peel and slice/fry/mi)( the onion.
give instructions we should write short, clear sentences using the 2 Next, the chicken into
imperative to give detailed information in chronological order. We small pieces.
use sequence words such as first, then, after that, next, to indicate 3 Then, meltf.1r.yJboil the onions and
the order. chicken in а little oil until golden
brown.
1 Read the and fШ in the gaps using words from 4 After that, add the tomato juice and
the list. bring to the ШШlЬаkе/grШ for two
sprinkle, add, stir, cook, heat, pour, dl~ain minutes.
5 Next, mix/add/pour the mixture into а

6 some cheese and

r.llt./rш·t/I'1r'::itР.

it over the mixture.

~Пi'II1i(IIР.nln~~/rшШ'

Use organic ingredients [о ргераrе this tasty and Jzealthy dish. 7 Put the dish under а hot n1l1>1"1"1'1111
for а few minutes until the
cheese melts.
1 packet spaghetti 1 сап chopped tomatoes 8 Finally, !Qw'shake/put а green salad
3 tablespoons olive oil 1 packetfrozen mixed vegetables with some vinaigrette dressing and
1 small onion, chopped serve with Нlе finished dish.
1 teaspoon salt
2 cloves garlic, finely chopped
1 tablespoon chopped .fresh basil grouml black peppel~ to taste
5.fresh mushrooms, sliced 1 tablespoon grated Parтesan cheese Underline the
words in the rubric.
А rr\" ... ln::.rv ...... .., ..... "..",,.,"'" has
о First, heat the olive oil over а medium heat in а laIge skШеt. ~ asked its readers to
Next, add the onion, garlic, basil, sliced mllshгоошs, and сш)m:)еd tошаtоеs
and cook for 5 шiпutеs.
Stir in the frozen vegetaыs,' salt, and ыckk pepper.
Meanwhile, cook tlle spaghetti in а large saucepan of boiling salted water.
Cook the vegetable шixturе for арргохiшаtеlу 10 шiпutеs until the vegetables
are tendeI but crisp. Use the in
Drain the spaghetti and place it in а serving dish. Ех!» I 5, I 6 and 11 to
After that, роиг the vegetaыe шiхturе оует the pasta. write your
ТЬеп toss the pasta well with the шiхturе. сап use the

Sprinkle with the grated Раrшеsап c11eese and seIve iшшеdiаtеlу. Ех. 15 a.s а. model.
(See Suggested Answers Section)

79
 Nature's Secrel Arl
• А: The art gallery hasa probIem in 1) connection
(connect) with the current 2) exhibition (exhibit)
of work Ьу 'оса' artists. Apparently, the pubIic's
1 Match the words to their oppo~ites. 3) reaction (react) to Ralph Brooks' sculpture,
Worms, was опе of shock and disgust.
В: Really? I was sure that Brooks' sculpture would Ье
ап interesting 4) addition (add) to the exhibition
1 rapidly с а 'осаl although it's ап unusual 5) creation (create).
2 сооl d Ь private
3 prosperous е с slowly
4 global а d warm
5 pubIic Ь е роог

Г'~''''''''''''
orms о е n IП. Ive '''''''''''''

The suffix -ion combines with verbs to form

Active Passive
nouns which refer to the state or process
described Ьу the verb. Present infinitive to do to Ье done
construct -+ construction, explain -+ explanation Present continuous
educate -+ education infinitive Ье Ig -
Perfect infinitive to have done to have Ьееп
2 Match the words to the nouns. The words done
mау Ье used more than опсе. Perfect continuous to have been -
expensive, serious, low, medical, average, energetic, infinitive doing
team, high, ргорег, everyday с",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,"""""""

1 serious; medical; everyday probIems

The Inflnitive
2 energetic; team sports The present infinitive refers to the present or
3 high; low; average prices future.
4 expensive; medical; рroрег equipment Не has p/anned to go оп а package holiday.
The present continuous infinitive shows an
3 Complete the sentences Ьу forming nouns action happening now.
using the verbs in brackets. It's so nice to Ье spending some time here with уои.

• А: They've reached the 1) conclusion (conclude)
that unless we take 2) action (act) to make а
3) reduction (reduce) in the amount of water
we use, it will create probIems beyond our
4) imagination (imagine).
В: Well, the 5) combination (comblne) of pubIic
6) education (educate) and the 7) construction
(construct) of dams for the 8) collection
(collect) of water should solve the ргоЫет.
А: Yes, but someone has to make the 9) decision
(decide) about which 10) direction (direct) to
take: save ог build?
В: Surely, we need тоге 11) information (inform)
before we put plans into 12) operation
(operate). Above all, we must put the
13) protection (protect) of the environment first.
The perfect infinitive is used in the same way as
perfect or past tenses.
Не claims to have travelled abroad. (Не claims
that he has trave"ed abroad.)
She was sorry to have resigned. (She was sorry that
she had resigned.)
The perfect continuous infinitive is used to
emphasise the duration of the action of the
infinitive, which happened before the action of
the main verb.
Не looks wet. Не seems to have Ьееп walking in
the rain.
The passive infinitive is used in the same way as
the other passive forms.
These letters need to Ье typed. (The typist or the
secretary needs to type these /etters).

80
 Nature's Secret Art
4 Rewrite thefollowing sentences using the 6 You could have drowned (drown) if the lifeguard
correct form of the infinitive. hadn't saved you in time.
7 This mobile phone doesn't work. You should buy
1 Не claims he has signed the contract. (buy) а new опе.
Не claims to have signed the contract. 8 Му wallet isn't in ту bag. 1 think I might have lost
2 He's tired. Не has Ьееп working hard. (Iose) it.
He's tired. Не seems to have Ьееп working h.ard. 9 Аппа couldn't have directed (direct) you to the
3 "1 must have these shoes repaired soon." station. She doesn't know the way.
These shoes need to Ье repaired soon. 10 If Nick isn't too busy, he could take (take) the
4 "1 think the rain is stopping now." children to the park.
The rain seems to Ье stopping now.
5 "1'11 stop smoking."
Не is determined to stop smoking.
6 FШ in may/might, must 01" can't.

1 It's 11.00 ат. Jim must Ье at the office, as he works

The Infinitive after modal verbs. We use:
• the infinitive without to after the modals
can/can't, could/couldn't, т ау, might, must,
shall, should, will/would.
Уои must renew уоиг passport this week.
• may/might/could + present infinitive to
show possiЫlity at present.
Peter mау join us (ог lunch.
• may/might + perfect infinitive to show
possiЫlity in the past.
He's lote. Не mау have missed his bus.
• could + perfect infinitive to show
possiЫlity about sth which didn't happen.
It's silly уои hod оп orgument with уоиг boss!
Уои could have Ьееп fired. (but уои weren't)
• must + present infinitive to make а positive
logical assumption.
Не drives о Ferrori. Не must Ье weo/thy.
• can'tlcouldn't + present infinitive to make а
negative logical assumption.
She can-'t have о 16-yeor-o/d doughter. She's in
her mid-twenties.
from 9 to 5.
2 1 called Sue but she wasn't at home. She
may/might have gone shopping.
3 Топу was the only опе here last night. Не must
have stolen the documents.
4 AII the shops аге ореп. It can't Ье а pubIic holiday.
5 Sheila has left her book here. She may/might
гететЬег and phone те later, about it.
6 Jeff hasn't eaten all day. Не must Ье hungry.
7 Alison crashed into а tree. She can't have Ьееп
driving carefully.
7 Study the following examples, then
complete the sentences using the words in
bold. Use two to five words. The first опе
has Ьееп done as ап example.
-~------------------------------------
I
I
I
•
Perhaps she is sleeping now.
I
I mау She mау Ье sleeping now.
I

5 Write the appropriate form of the infinitive. I

I
I
• I'm sure they speak English quite well.
I
I
must They must speak English quite well.
1 I сап see light in their house. They must Ье (Ье) in. :.
I
"т sure they finished the lesson ап hour ago.
2 Why didn't you go to that job interview? You could : must They must have finished the lesson ап
have got (get) а job with а very successful сотрапу. I
I hour ago.
I
3 She can't work (work) as а lawyer. She studied I
I • 1don't believe they arrived yesterday.
I
psychology. I can't They can't have arrived yesterday.
I I
4 Не must Ье (Ье) very rich. Не has three cars, а I
I • I'm sure she didn't take ту keys.
I
I
I I
yacht and lives in а mansion. I
couldn't She couldn't have taken ту keys. I
I I
5 Jane must have gone (90) out since по опе is :. I'm sure they are not at work because it is late.
I
I
I I
answering the door. I
I can't They can't Ье at work because it is late. 1:
___________________________________________
I

81
 Nature's Secret Art
1 "т sure he didn't notice the parked саг.
can't Не can't have noticed the parked car.
2 "т sure she sold her house last year.
must She must have sold her house last уеаг.
3 Perhaps Тот and Магу will travel to Italy.
тау Тот and Магу тау travel to Italy.
4 "т sure you've seen him before.
must You must have seen him before.
5 I don't believe he is а spy.
can't Не can't Ье а spy.
6 "т sure he didn't water the plants.
can't Не can't have watered the plants.
10
11
9 look at the text below. Some lines are
correct, so put а tick (tI) next to them. Some
others include ап extra word which you
must cross out.
1 Most people believe)(life оп ош planet will
2 certainly Ье very different in 100 years. tI
3 Some people think a~t that we тау Ье living
4 оп some ~ other planet, like Mars.
5 That could Х happen because the population
6 оп Earth will have increased so much. Others
7 believe that we won't need to eatXfood,
8 as we do Х now. Scientists тау have discovered
9 food pills, which we will take ~ with а glass of
water. 'П this way, the ргоЫет of feeding the
billions of people оп Earth will ~ Ье solved.

8 Choose the correct item.

1О Match the exchanges, then read the
dialogue aloud.
Up until 1900, fishermen caught around 150,000
salmon а уеаг in the Rhine, but Ьу 1920, that number had [lli] А: If you ask те, cars should Ье banned from
dropped to 30,000. Six years 1) ...... , the last few fish in the city centre.
the river were wiped out completely. This ecological @@J А: Well, we could take the bus. It's better for the
disaster occurred when toxic pesticides 2) ...... into the environment.
river from а burning chernical factory in Switzerland. ~ А: Yes, but there are fewer buses than cars.
Almost immediately, however, ecological З) ...... , @lli] А: That's true, but I believe we should think of ош
along with the International Commission for the planet instead of ourselves.
Protection of the Rhine, started the Salrnon 2,000
programme. Their 4) ...... was to make the river clean а В: "т afraid I have to disagree with you. Buses
enough for 5) ...... types of fish to live in опсе more. create more fumes than cars.
Today, their task is almost cornplete and 6) ...... laws Ь В: Well, тауЬе you're right.
prohibit the dumping of waste into the river. Moreover, с В: Oh, по. I don't agree. How would we get to the
thousands of young salmon will Ье released there to shops if we couldn't drive?
encourage the redevelopment of the Rhine's fishing d В: Нтт. I suppose you've got а point. Still, cars
industry. 'П fact, it is hoped that 7) ...... of this century, are more convenient.
there will Ье up to 2,000 salrnon living and breeding
there.

---------- ------------------------------------~

1 А before @ago Сthen

2 @poured В jumped С felt
Descriptions of places сап Ье found in tourist
3 А members ® groups с people
magazines, travel brochures, stories, letters etc.
4 А reason В want
The style we use depends оп the situation and the
©aim
intended reader. We normally use present tenses
5 А попе В every ©all
to describe а place and past tenses to write about
6 @new В recent С first
the historical facts.
7 А in the end В before © Ьу the end
~-----------------------------------------------T
I

82

In the introduction we give the пате and
location of the place and the reason for choosing
it.ln the main body we describe the main aspects
of the place in detail - for example, we should
describe what we сап see and do there. In the
conclusion we write our comments/feelings
and/or а recommendation.
11 а) Underline the key words in the rubric.
You have seen an advertisement in an
international travel magazine inviting readers to
send in articles about а e1ace they have visited.
, Write your article describing the place,
including things to see and do as well as your
comments and feelings about the place.
Ь) Read the article and fШ in: fascinating,
magnificent, romantic, violent, steamy, greatest,
stunning, terrifying, hot, famous, unforgettabIe,
mighty
Visitors to Southern Africa certainly shouldn't miss the
opportunity to visit Victoria Falls, опе of Southern Africa's
1) attractions. Situated halfway along the
Zambezi River at the border between Zambia and
Zimbabwe, Victoria Falls аге twice as high and twice as
wide as Niagara Falls in the USA.
А visit to Victoria Falls is ап 2)
experience because there is so much to see and do
there. You сап go walking in 3)
-----'----'-
rainforests, take а 5) romantic river excursion along the
Zambezi, ог try а 6) white water raft ride along the
7) terrifying rapids further downstream.
If that doesn't tempt you, how about going оп safari?
The агеа surrounding the falls is full of 8) M"""'in.,.+i .......
wildlife. However, Ьу far the best way to see this
9) famous African landmark is Ьу helicopter. This will give
you 10) not only of the falls, but of the
beautiful national parks in which they аге located.
The local people call Victoria Falls 'rhe Smoke that
Thunders' because of the 11) of the falling
water and the great bIankets of white mist, which rise
300т into the sky. You simply cannot fail to Ье impressed
Ьу such а 12) This is the real magic of
Victoria Falls!
с) Underline the phrases that refer to the
senses. What phrases does the writer
use to give the location of the place?
(See Answers _Q'~ПГ'У'
Nature's Secret Art
12 Join the following sentences.
~uaaeS1:ed Answers Section)
If all this sounds а little too 'wet' for you, you тау prefer to enjoy
а meal in опе of Niagara's тапу restaurants which аге
comfortabIe and luxurious. They have views of the falls. (with)
2 From its highest point, the Niagara River drops а dizzy 58т into
the waters at the foot of the falls. There you сап take а boat ride
and feel the spray from the falls оп your face. (where)
3 The areas surrounding Niagara аге pubIic parks and the best
views of the falls аге from Prospect Point ог from Rainbow Bridge.
Rainbow Bridge extends over the Niagara Gorge about 300т
further downstream. (which)
4 Ог why not visit the Cave of the Winds? It is hidden behind the
curtain of falling water. (which)
5 This landmark is оп the border of the United States and Ontario,
Canada. It earns its reputation for being опе of the world's best
natural attractions. (situated)
6 Nowadays, visitors сап get close to the falls in safety. They аге
rewarded with а fascinating and unforgettabIe experience. (and)
7 For тапу years, Niagara was а destination for honeymooners and
even stunt artists. They walked over the falls оп а tightrope ог
went over them in а barrel! (who)
13 а) Underline the key words in the rubric.
Then, answer the questions in the plan.
(See Suggested Answers
You work for an international travel magazine
and you have been asked to write an article
about Niagara Falls. Write your article including
, things to see and do there as well as your
, commentslfeelings about the place and а
recommendation.
Plan
Introduction:
Para 1: What's the пате of the place and where is it
situated? What is the reason for choosing it?
Main Body:
Paras 2-3: What сап you see and do there?
Conclusion:
Рага 4: What аге уош comments/feelings about the
place? Would you recommend it?
Ь) Write уои ... article (120- 180 words) using
the adjectives in the list below to make
it more appealing to the reader as well
as your answers in Ех. 12.
cool, bumpy, famous, rough, romantic, deafening,
most spectacular, superb, delicious, mysterious
Suggested Answers Section)
83
 А Relurn 10 Ihe Big Screen
1 Match the words to their opposites.
4 The characters in the book were so convincirt.g/
convinced that I was as shocked/shocking when
опе of them died as I would have Ьееп in геаl life.
5 I was interested/interesting to 'еагп that the writer
of that gripping novel had Ьееп given а prize.

1 experienced d а easy
2 outstanding с Ь boring
3 creative е с awful
4 demanding а d inexperienced
5 exciting Ь е unimaginative I'd rather
• + Present bare infinitive (present/future
2 Underline the odd word out. reference)
She'd rather stay in than ga аи! (аг dinner.
1 plot: delicious, thrilling, terrifying, fascinating
• + Perfect bare infinitive (past reference)
2 characters: convincing, useful, believabIe, realistic
He'd rather have gone ta Bastan than ta Seattle.
3 script: interesting, amusing, excellent, bad-tempered
4 acting: brilliant, fantastic, gentle, wonderful I'd rather sb
• + Past Simple (present/future reference)
3 FШ in the correct word from the list below.
I'd rather уоu did the washing-up tanight.
Use the words only опсе.
action, special, add, needless, join, fight • + Past Perfect (past reference)
I'd rather we had visited them yesterday.
1 needless to say 4 action scenes
2 join forces 5 special effects
3 fight against 6 to add to the list 6 FШ in the correct form of the verbs in
brackets.
4 Underline the correct word from the
following pairs of words that people often
confuse. 1 Не would rather live (Iive) in New York than in
London.
1 There was а great hо.rr.шJtеrrоr film оп last night.
2 Jenny would rather have gone (go) to the
2 Don't believe that old story; it's just а myth/
Caribbean than the Mediterranean last уеаг.
mythology.
3 I'd rather you didn't do (not/do) that again.
3 If aliens exist, it is unlikely that they look like
4 They'd rather eat (eat) fish for lunch tomorrow than
humans/peoples.
meat.
4 The accident took place/part оп the motorway.
5 She'd rather have studied (study) psychology than
5 Sharon phoned while 1 was seeing/watching а film.
law when she was at college.
6 She'd rather we hadn't argued (not/argue) in front
5 Underline the correct word.
of George last night.
1 The Wizard of Oz, which was directed Ьу Victor 7 Mum would rather I stayed (stay) home tonight.
Fleming and King Vidor, is а brilliant and 8 He'd rather watch (watch) the match оп тv later оп
exciting!excited fantasy. It tells the story of а this afternoon.
young girl's fascinating/fascinated adventures in 9 I'd rather we had taken (take) the bus when we
the magical land of Oz. went into town.
2 А" the critics said this book was really interesting/ 10 I'd rather you (buy) the meat from the
interested, but I was so bored/boring that I couldn't butcher if you're going past his shop.
even finish it.
3 We were fascinated/fascinating Ьу his thrilling/
thrilled account of his adventures in а South
American jungle.

84
 А Helurn 10 the Hig Screen
9 1wish 1 ...... to Italy last summer.
Additions to positive and negative statements
so + auxiliary verb + subject А went В have gone © had gone
I went to bed late last night. 50 did 1. 10 Next уеаг Jack ...... at Oxford Uпivегsitу.
neither/nor + auxiliary verb + subject А would study © will Ье studying
В will have studied
I don't speak German. Neither do 1.

7 Respond to the statements.

1 А: 1 love going to the cinema.

В: So do 1.
2 А: 1 haven't seen Frank recently. 9 Study the following examples, then
В: Neither have 1. complete the sentences using the words in
3 А: 1 didn't go to see the play while it was in town. bold. Use two to five words.
В: Neither did 1.
4 А:
В:
1 went to see the film Casino yesterday.

So did 1.
1.
:
She prefers reading the newspaper to watching
the news оп TV.
А: 1 couldn't hear а thing at the concert.
I
5 :. 1 prefer fresh vegetabIes to frozen.
В: Neither could 1. :
I
. Не prefers to go for walks rather than go for rides
6 А: 1'11 пеуег watch another violent film again. I
I in the саг.
В: Neither will 1. :
I
. She would prefer to play tennis rather than take
7 А: I'm а big fan of Brad Pitt.
: piano lessons.
В: So ат 1. I
:. I would rather go to the cinema than visit ту
8 А: I'd 'оуе to see Will Smith's latest film. I
friends.
В: So would 1. -------------------------------------------- t
1 I like listening to рор music тоге than classical
8 Choose the correct item. music.
to 1 prefer рор music to classical music.
1 Sally would prefer ...... to а restaurant rather than
2 She'd rather see the sights than go to the tourist
see а film at the cinema.
shops.
А going @ to go С go
rather She would prefer to see the sights rather
2 "1 didn't go to the party last night." " ...... 1." than visit the tourist shops.
@ Neither did В So do С Nor do 3 Ilike seeing films at the cinema тоге than watching
them оп ТV.
3 Тот ...... уегу hard this month.
to 1 prefer seeing films at the cinema to
Д works В had worked © has worked
watching them оп TV.
4 Harrison Ford is ап actor ...... has starred in тапу 4 I like eating chocolate but Ilove eating ice-cream.
films. prefer I prefer eating ice-cream to chocolate.
А which @who с whose 5 1 like eating vegetabIes тоге than fruit.
5 1 ...... typing the letter yet. to 1 prefer eating vegetabIes to fruit.

А have finished С didn't finish 6 1would rather go parachuting than go skiing.

® haven't finished prefer I would prefer to go rather
than go skiing.
6 It was ...... cold outside that we decided to stay at
7 Не would rather play basketball than study for his
home.
exams.
@so в such с уегу
prefer Не would to play bascketball than
7 Sammy hasn't соте to school today; he ...... Ье ill. study for his exams.
А stюuld В can't ©might 8 She likes beach holidays тоге than city tours.
8 Jim would rather .. ,.... TV than do his homework. to She beach holidays to city tours.
@ watch В watching С to watch

85
 А Helurn 10 the Hig Screen
9 I would prefer to саггу ту own suitcase, thank you.
rather I would rather саггу ту own suitcase,
thank you.
10 Angela Ш<еs going ice-skating тоге than skiing.
to Angela prefers ice-skating to skiing.
1О Fill in each gap with only опе word.
David Copperfie/d, 1) Charles
Dicken~., is а fascinating story of а boy's
life and what he goes through 2) before
finding success and happiness. The
story is set in England in the 19th
century, and is based З) оп Dickens'
own life.
David, the main character, has а very
unhappy childhood both at home and at
school, 4) where he is treated very
cruelly. When his mother dies he is
forced to work in а factory, and later
goes to work in а law office. His геа'
ambition, however, is to Ьесоте а
writer, and eventually he succeeds in
this, and finds true love as 5) well.
This beautifully written book is full of
drama, humour and готапсе. The
characters аге unforgettabIe, and the
plot is gripping. I highly recommend this
excellent book, which will 6) Ье enjoyed
Ьу readers of а" ages.
11 Find the mistakes and correct them.
1 We spent the )( day Ьу the sea.
2 Greg goes to);( work оп foot.
3 "т ~ writing to you from sunny Barbados.
4 When I left, Peter~ still hadn't соте.
5 Let's go to Mary's party, ),j(shall we?
6 He's the most interesting person I'v~s ever
met.
7 This fairy tale has тапу ~ nice pictures.
86
8 I have~already cooked the meal.
9 I don't like all)f(kinds of music.
10 John ~is late for work.
12 а) FШ in the gaps with words from the list,
then read the dialogue aloud.
соте, like, prefer, watch
А: Would you like to 1) соте to the cinema with те
оп Saturday?
В: That sounds like fun. What аге you going to see?
А: Well, I'd like to see the new action film with Mel
Gibson.
В: Oh по. I don't really 2) like action films.
А: Oh. What kind of films do you like, then?
В: Well, I З) comedies.
А: ОК, then. We сап 4) watch а comedy instead.
В: Great.
Ь) Now, in pairs, use the prompts below to
act out similar dialogues.
Suggested Answers _c"~ТlГ'"
1 theatre/Friday/new play Ьу Тот Stoppar'd/
classical plays
2 watch video/this evening/new готапсе film
with Meg Ryan/horror films
Book reviews are short descriptions of books
which are written to inform readers and to
recommend (or not recommend) them.They are
usually formal in style and present tenses are
normally used. 'П the introduction we
summarise all the background information of the
book (title, пате of author) and we present the
main characters. 'П the main body we present
the main points of the plot in chronological order
and we write our general comments about the
book. In the conclusion we recommend or not
recommend the book giving reasons.
1Э а) Underline the key words in the rubric.
The editor of the 1I1agazine you work for has
asked you to write а review about а book you
have read recently. Write your review giving а
brief summary of the plot and saying why you
think ~eaders might enj0l.it.
 А Heturn to the Hig Screen
Ь) Read the bool< review and underline the
correct word/phrase. Then choose ап
appropriate conclusion for it.
The Picture of Dorian Gray
(1890), Oscar Wilde's only novel,
is а brilliantly 1) written/directed
but ultimately tragic puzzle that is
dominated Ьу two main 2) actors/
characters, Dorian Gray and Lord
Непгу, who impresses Gray and
whose immoral lifestyle Gray tries
to сору.
The book tells the 3) story/plot of Gray who
wishes his portrait to age but that he remain young
and handsome forever. 'П а way, this comes true, but
he is so obsessed with his own beauty that he
gradually becomes тоге and тоге unhappy. For
eighteen years, he lives in this таппег, magically
retaining his youth, but eventually he sees himself as
he really is, bIaming the picture's magic for his empty
life and of loss of тога' character. The
4) reader/audience comes to the conclusion that
the artist had captured the young man's soul.
Like апу good tale the story starts normally and
believabIy and throughout the book the 5) author/
director shows the importance of art as truth and art
as а mirror. The way that he describes the life of
Dorian Gray is perfectly written, and paints а perfect
'portrait' in ош minds as well.
АН in all I wouldn't recommend this book to the
modern ~eader because they would fi.nd its theme
uninteresting and its style very оld-fаshюпеd.
в is the correct choice.
AII in all, I thoroughly recommend The Pict~re of
Dorian Gray. Ву today's standards the bO?k IS not
shocking and still manages to cast а maglcal spell
over readers. Quite simply, it deserves а place оп the
shelves of the world's greatest literature.
с) '" whkh paragraph does the writer give
general information about the book? 1
describe the plot? 2 make general
comments about the bool<? 3 recommend
it? 4 Does the writer reveal the end of the
story? No
d) What tense(s) has the writer used?
The writer uses the simple present tense.
14 а) Join the following sentences using the
relative pronouns in brackets.
а The story is set in the орега house in Paris. The story
features three main characters; Christine, her
childhood friend, Raoul de Chagny, and Erik. (which)
Ь The story focuses оп Erik, the Phantom, а tortured
soul. Не lives beneath the орега house. (who)
с The plot has ап unexpected twist. It is then that the
reader realises that Christine is wearing а wedding
ring. (when)
d Christine is а basically good character drawn Ьу
the forbidden nature of evil. Everyone сап identify
with her. (that)
Ь) Complete the sentences below using
adjectives from the list.
moving, well-developed, shocking, entertaining,
dull, predictabIe
1 I found the book rather dull and uninteresting.
2 The story line is well-developed and holds the
reader's attention.
3 It's а moving story based оп actual events; I
couldn't help crying at the end.
4 The ending is very predictabIe; the reader сап
guess what will happen almost from the beginning.
5 I found the book entertaining; it was quite ап
enjoyabIe read.
6 When first written, the book was considered
shocking Ьу the pubIic; all reviews were against it.
15 а) UnderHne the key words in the rubrk.
Then, answer the questions in the plan.
(Ss' own ~n(:::\l\u~r<:::\
Your teacher has asked you to write а review
about а book you have read recentlx. Write
уоUl~ review giving а brief summary of the plot,
making general comments about the book and
giving reasons for recommending or not
recommending it.
Plan
II1JrрdЦСJiоn:
Para 1: Which book аге you going to write about?
Who's the author?
M~inQody:
Рага 2: What are the main points of the plot?
Рага 3: What аге уош general comments?
Conc.Jusion:
Рага 4: Will you recommend ог not recommend the
book? Why?
Ь) Write your review (120-180 words) using
your answers in Ех. 15а to help уои. 87
(Ss' own answers)
 Greal Invenlions

Causative Form
1 Match the words to their synonyms.
• We use have + object + past participle to
say that we arrange for someone to do
something for us.
amazing с а inexpensive
Sam arranged for the e/ectrician to repair the
2 trick е Ь well-known
lights. Sam had the lights repaired. (Не didn't
3 cheap а с remarkabIe do it himsel( - the electrician did it.)
4 famous Ь d test • The negative and interrogative of the present
5 experiment d е joke are formed with do.
Оо уоu have your apartтent c/eaned every
2 FШ in the correct word from the list below. week? We did not have our house restored.
probIems, dramatic, personal, way, cause, recorder, • Compare the sentences.
with, long way а) She has shortened her skirt. (=she did it
herself)
1 tape recorder 5 gone а /ong way from Ь) She has had her skirt shortened.

2 associated with 6 dramatic change (=someone else did it for her)

3 gave way to 7 personal use • Present Simple: Не mends the гоо(. -+ Не
4 cause а stir 8 hearing probIems has the гоо( mended.
Present Continuous: Не is mending the гоо(. -+
Не is having the гоо( mended.

э Underline the correct word from each of
the following pairs of confused words.
Past Simple: Не mended the гоо(. -+ Не had the
гоо( mended.
Past Continuous: Не was mending the гоо(. -+
Не was having the гоо( mended.
Future Simple: Не will mend the гоо(. -+ Не will
have the гоо( mended.
Future Continuous: Не will Ье mending the
гоо(. -~ Не will Ье having the гоо( mended.
Present Perfect: Не has mended the гоо(. -+ Не
has had the гоо( mended.
Present Perfect Cont.: Не has Ьееп mending
the гоо(. -+ Не has Ьееп having the гоо( mended.
Past Perfect: Не had mended the гоо(. -+ Не
had had the гоо( mended.
Past Perfect Cont.:He had Ьееп mending the
гоо(. -+ Не had Ьееп having the гоо( mended.
Infinitive: Не сап mend the гоо(. -+ Не сап have
the гоо( mended.
-ing form: Не hates mending the гоо(. -+ Не
hates having the гоо( mended.

4 Expand the sentences as in the example.

1 she/mow /awn/tomorrow
She will have the lawn mowed tomorrow.
2 they/paint kitchen/yesterday
They had the kitchen painted \lt=>(:::tt=>lrrl~",

88
 Great Inventions
з we/clean house/before we moved in 7 Choose the correct answer.
We had the house cleaned before we moved in.
4 he/check his teeth/every six months 1 These plants need to ...... every day or else they'lI die.
Не has his teeth checked every six months. А watering ®
Ье watered С water
5 we/repair car/at the moment 2 Susan told те she ...... а dinner party the following
We аге having the car repaired at the moment. Friday night.
6 you must/test уош eyes/soon А had В will have ©
was having
You must have уош eyes tested soon.
3 The film ...... at 8 o'clock.
А beginning ® begins с has begun
5 Rewrite the following sentences in the 4 Не ...... all his money and now he can't рау his rent.
causative form. ® has spent В will spend С is spending

1 Тот is going to ask а plumber to fix the tap. 5 David ...... with us next Christmas.
Тот is going to have the tap fixed. ®
is staying В stays С was staying
2 Jill is going to ask Магу to sew а dress for her. 6 You won't Ье аЫе to go оп holiday next уеаг ......
Jill is going to have а dress sewn for her Ьу Mary. you save some money.
3 Someone has cleaned the carpets for Linda. ®
unless В if с as long as
Linda has had the carpets cleaned.
7 I hate ...... to the орега.
4 Jenny pays someone to collect the rubbish.
А to go В go © going
Jenny pays to have/has the rubbish collected.
5 You should ask the doctor to check уош eyes. 8 You won't forget to ring те, ...... ?
You should have уош eyes checked. А аге you ®
will you С won't you
6 Сап you ask someone to repair the broken chair? 9 Sally said she was going to the shop to buy ...... milk.
Сап you have this broken chair repaired? ®
some в any С much
7 When will they install уош new phone? 1О Не...... Ье out because he's not answering the
When will you have уош new phone installed? telephone.
8 Joe should ask someone to clean the swimming pool. ® must В can't С will
Joe should have the swimming pool сlеаГ)еd.
11 "1 don't want to go to school tomorrow." " ...... do 1."
А Not ® Neither С So
12 It's two o'clock. Не ................. his results Ьу now.
6 Tim has recently Ьесоте а rich and famous
rock star. Read the information below then А had С has been having

make sentences using the causative form. ® will have had

Use verbs from the list.
manicure, polish, redecorate, repair, install
(See Suggested. Answers Section)

His hair was brown. His hair is bIack.

Не didn't wear an earring.
His nails were untidy.
His teeth were dirty.
His living гоот was
old-fashioned.
His chimney was broken.
Не had а horribIe kitchen.
Не has had his hair dyed .
Не wears ап earring.
His nails are beautiful. 8 Complete the sentences using the words in
bold. Use two to five words.
His teeth аге white.
Не has new furniture,
1 "Have you bought the tickets?" she asked те.
carpets and curtains in had She asked те if I had bought the tickets.
his living roот. 2 They started attending French classes two months
His chimney is по ago.
longer broken. Ьееп They have Ьееп attending French
Не has а lovely new
classes for two months.
kitchen. 3 The fridge was delivered this morning.
had We had the fridge delivered this morning.

89
 Greal Iпvепliопs
4 Sarah feels awful because she lost her credit card.
wishes Sarah wishes she hadn't lost her credit
card.
5 Bill gave Rita а silver watch for her birthday.
given Rita was given а silver watch for her
birthday.
6 They have never tried paragliding before.
first It's the first time they have tried
paragliding.
7 Cathy is friendlier than Магу.
as Mary isn't/is not as friendly as Cathy.
8 George isn't strong enough to carry the bags.
too George is too weak to carry the bags.
9 FШ in the correct form of the words
derived from the words in brackets.
Charles Babbage was ап important English
1) inventor (invent) who is 2) famous (fame) for
designing the first computer.
/п 1823 the З) government (govern) gave Babbage а
large amount of топеу to design а mechanical
4) calculator (calculate) and he spent most of his life
working оп the machine. During the 1830s he
developed plans for another machine which would later
Ьесоте the first modern computer. The machine had а
huge memory to store complicated numbers.
5) Unfortunately (fortunate), the designs for his
computer were lost until 1937, when 6) luckily (luck),
they were found. 'П 1991, British scientists 7) finally
(final) built а surprisingly accurate computer using
Babbage's designs and called it Oifference Engine No. 2.
• we state the reason for the complaint.ln the main
1О AII the sentences contain common mistakes.
Find the mistakes and correct them.
We reached ош destination after а three~ hour
drive.
2 Му parents never ~ let те stay out late а! night.
3 The teacher told us to do Exercise 9)(оп page 23.
4 They were ~ told to leave the гоот Ьу пооп.
5 Sally is ап efficient ~ typist.
6 Joe met Sally Х'оп his way to the library.
7 ~ То everyone's surprise, the Eagles won the cup.
8 Nicky is а very good friend of ~mine.
90
11 а) Match the exchanges, then read the
dialogue aloud.
[ПfJ А: I really couldn't live without ту computer.
II@J А: Well, 1 use it everyday for school and for
playing games.
@@J А: Oh, that's not true. 'П fact, "уе made lots of
new friends оп the Internet.
lШJ А: 1 think that portabIe CD players are а waste of
топеу.
а В: 'П ту opinion, computers make people
unsociabIe.
Ь В: Oh, I don't agree. I use mine all the time.
с В: Really? Why do you say that?
d В: Well, I don't like computers much, but I'd Ье
lost without ту portabIe CD player.
Ь) Now, in pairs, use the prompts below to
act out similar dialogues.
(See Suggested Answers Section)
1 mobile phone/making calls and sending
messages/I talk to ту friends тоге than ever/
minidisc player
2 television/watching the news and relaxing/l often
watch TV with ту friends/Gameboy
Letters of complaint are normally written in
formal style. Mild or strong language сап Ье used
depending оп the feelings of the writer or the
seriousness of the complaint. 'П the introduction
body we write our complaints, each опе in а
separate paragraph, supported with а justification.
The number of paragraphs in the та;п body тау
vary depending оп the number of the complaints.
'П the conclusion we ask for action to Ье taken
and we write our closing remarks.
12 а) Underline the key words in the rubric.
You have recently bought а computer system
but it broke down the first time you tried to use
it.Write а letter of complaint to the manager of
the firm where you bought it.
i Greal Invenlions
Ь) Read the letter and put the paragraphs
in the correct order.
Dеаг Sir/Madam,
~\ 3] Then, 1 closed the СО drive and the
whole system went dead. What is тоге, when I
called уош customer advice liпе for advice, I
was told that I must have damaged the
computer myself and that 1should take it to Ье
repaired. I find this kind of service unacceptabIe.
[!:3\ 4] I trust that you will саН те to arrange
collection and repair of the eomputer and а full
demonstration of how it works Ьу а person
qualified to do so. I also hope that I will Ье
receiving ап apology from you in writing.
~12J Firstly, the engineer who installed the
system only took five minutes to explain ~ow to
operate it and then left the house, leavlng ап
instruction manual in ту hands. After several
attempts at switching the computer оп it
suddenly started to make а noise and then the
СО drive opened Ьу itself. This had not
happened during the engineer's demonstration
and I did not know what to do next.
[QI] I ат writing to you to complain about the
poor customer service offered Ьу уош сотрапу.
It has Ьееп only four days since 1 bought а
computer system from уош firm.
Yours faithfully,
Patrick Cidwell
с) In which paragraph does the writer give
his reason for writing the letter? What
are his complaints and how does he justify
them? What does he suggest Ье done?
(See Suggested Answers Section)
13 а) Which of the following sentences are for
opening (О) and which for closing (С) а
letter of complaint?Which ones use strong
(S) and which use mild (М) language?
а I want to express ту extreme
dissatisfaction with ... о S
ь I hope that I will not Ье forced to
take further action. С S
с I feel I must complain about ... о м
d I insist that you .. , G S
I hope you will ... С М
е
С S
f I demand ...
Ь) What language is used in the letter in
Ех. 12Ы Use phrases from Ех. I За to
replace the language in the letter. Mal<e
апу other necessary changes.
::;uc::!aE~stE~d Answers Section)
14 Match the complaints in section А to the
justifications in section В. Then, join the
sentences using the words in bracl<ets.
(See Answers Section)
А
[IQJ When I сате to the shop the assistant refused
to help те because I had bought the OVO
second-hand.
[I[I After watching only опе DVD the machine failed
to work at all.
~ Finally, because I insisted that somebody help
те, I was told that the fault 'ау with the DVD disc
that was stuck inside and not with the player.
В
а The owner of the video club had told те that she
had never had апу probIems with апу DVD discs.
(еуеп though)
Ь The assistant who served те in the shop told те
that the machine was just а few months old and
that it carried а six-month guarantee. (although)
с The shop assistant had assured те that there was
customer service even for second-hand purchases.
(despite)
15 а) Underline the key words in the rubric.
Then, answer the questions in the plan.
(See Suggested Answers '-'r-,........ " ....,
You have recently bought а second-hand ОУО
~ which turned out to Ье faulty. Write а
letter of complaint to the manager of the shoR_
explaining the situation and ~king for а
replacement.
Plan
'"~rоацсtiоп:
Para 1: What is the reason for уош complaint?
MainJ3oqy:
Paras 2-4: What аге уош complaints?
How do you justify them?
СопсluэiОП:
Рага 5: What action do you suggest that the shop take?
Ь) Use your answers in Exs I За, 14 and 15а
to write уои ... letter (120-180 words).You
сап use the letter in Ех. I 2Ь as а model.
(See Answers Section)
91
т!

SUGGESTED ANSWERS
SECTION

тAPESCRIPTS
 Suggested Answers Section

UNIT 1 UNIT2

Exercise 7 (р. 5) Exercise За (р. 8)

2 С Physical means having to do with а person's body (not

The girl in picture С is young and short with ап oval their mind)
face. She's got dark curly hair, big dark .eyes and а Natural means usual ог ordinary.
wide smile. She's wearing а T-shirt and dungarees.
3 А Nice means attractive ог pleasant.
The woman in picture А is in her mid-thirties. She's Sympathetic means feeling sympathy, sorrow for someone
slim with high cheekbones and long curly hair. She's else's misfortune.
got а short neck, а long nose, tired eyes, and she's
wearing а jumper. Alone means with по опе else with you.
4 В lonely is the feeling you have when you need сот рапу.
The тап in picture В is quite old. He's got bushy white
eyebrows, а white beard and а moustache. He's also Sensitive means to Ье understanding of people's
got wrinkles and bIue eyes and he's wearing а smart probIems.
jacket. SensibIe means logical.

Exercise 1О (р. 6) Bored is what you feel when you аге not excited.
Boring means sth that makes you feel bored.
А: What does Janet look like?
В: She's tall and slim with shoulder-Iength brown hair
Exercise 7 (р. 1О)
and dark bIue eyes.
2 А: What does she do? 2 He's the person (who) I wrote the report for.
В: She's а pilot. 3 The project (that) we were working оп is finished.
З А: Where does she fly? 4 This is the church ту parents were married in./ ... where
В: She flies from Toronto to London and back. ту parents were married.
4 А: How often does Janet fly from Toronto to London? 5 That is the shopkeeper with whom I had ап argument./
В: She flies every week. ... who I had ап argument with.
5 А: What clothes does she wear when she's working?
В: She wears а dark bIue uniform. Exercise 9Ь (р. 10)
6 А: What clothes does she usually wear in her free time?
А: I didn't know you could dance, Frank. When did
В: She wears jeans and T-shirts.
you start having lessons?
7 А: What kind of person is Janet?
В: When I was about eight years old.
В: She's ап energetic person.
А: Really? So how long have you Ьееп dancing,
8 А: What does she love doing?
exactly?
В: She loves skiing and horse riding.
В: Let те see ... it must Ье eight years, now.
9 А: When does she go horse riding?
А: Wow! How often do you practise?
В: She goes horse riding in her free time.
В: I usually practise for three hours а week, but
10 А: What is Janet doing at the moment?
practise тоге when "т studying for ап ехат.
В: At the moment, she's taking her horse back to the
А: How тапу exams have you taken?
stabIe to feed it.
В: Four. "т taking ту fifth in January.
А: That's great! You must Ье very good at it.
Exercise 13d (р. 7)

He's very sociabIe (he makes new friends easily). 2 А: I didn't know you could play the guitar, Chris. When
He's very imaginative (he's good at thinking up new games did you start having lessons?
to play). В: When I was about ten years old.
Не сап Ье quite noisy (he likes honking his horn when А: Realiy? So how long have you Ьееп playing,
riding his bike, driving all the neighbours mad). exactly?
В: Let те see ... it must Ье eight years now.
А: Wow! How often do you practise?
В: I usually practise for five hours а week, but
practise тоге when I'm studying for ап ехат.
А: How тапу exams have you taken?

94
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Suggested Answers Section

В: Two. I'm taking ту third in March. То sum up, being famous means being known Ьу
А: That's great! You must Ье very talented. everyone but having по privacy. Personally, I would prefer
to Ье just myself and forget about getting better service in
Exercise 10Ь (р. 11) restaurants and hotels.

For Against
creative job lack of privacy
UNIT 3
develop character роог рау

fame long hours

Exercise 1ЗЬ (р. 15)

In the second and third paragraphs. А: Hello, I'd like to book а гоот, please.
В: Certainly. When would you like it for?
Exercise 1Ос (р. 11) А: From the 31st of July until the 4th of August.
В: Would you like а single or а doubIe гоот?
The main advantage -", One point of view in favour ...
А: А single with а view.
As а result -> This way
В: We have а room overlooking the sea.
Furthermore/What is more . -+ In addition to this
А: How much is it per night?
However --> Оп the other hand
В: It's 45 pounds including breakfast.
For example -> For instance
А: 1'11 take it. Thank you.
AII in all -> Finally, То sum up
В: Сап I have уош пате and credit card number,
please?
Exercise 12а (р. 11)
Para 1: state the topic: There аге advantages and 2 А: Hello, I'd like to book а room, please.
disadvantages to being famous. В: Certainly. When would you like it for?
Para 2: • their names are known Ьу everyone - they feel А: From the 5th to the 10th of September.
they аге doing something worthwhile/have а В: Would you like а single or. а doubIe room?
better understanding of their role in the world А: А doubIe with а view.

• they have an easier life - celebrities get the best В: We have а гоот overlooking the castle .
hotel rooms/the most efficient service wherever А: How much is it рег night?
they go В: It's 50 pounds including breakfast.
Para З: • they have to арреаг or behave perfectly А: 1'11 take it. Thank you.
wherever they are - they always have to look В: Сап I have уош пате and credit card number,
their best please?
• they сап Ье photographed wherever they go -
whatever they do could Ье reported in the next Exercise 14а (р. 15)
day's newspapers
An informal letter of invitation.
Para 4: give а balanced consideration and state ту opinion
2 reason for writing, description of the place, directions,
closing remarks
Exercise 12Ь (р. 11)
3 Dеаг (friend's first name)/Love, (ту first пате)
Being Famous Isn't Always Easy. Discuss.
Have you ever wondered what it would Ье like to Ье Exercise 14с (р. 15)
famous? If you think that life would Ье а bed of roses you
"т wrШпg to invite уои to join me-' I'd love it if you could
could Ье in for а surprise. It is true to say that there are both
соте to ...
advantages and disadvantages to being famous.
I hope you'll Ье аЫе to join те -+ Норе you сап соте.
One point of view in favour of being famous is that уош
пате is known Ьу everyone. Actors, for example, feel they
Exercise 15Ь (р. 15)
аге doing something worthwhile and they have а better
understanding of their role in the world. Furthermore, they Dеаг Jane,
have an easier life. For example, celebrities get the best
hotel rooms and the most efficient service wherever they go. I'd love it if you could соте to Wllitby for а few days.
Оп the other hand, they have to арреаг ог behave I've been here for а week now, and it геаllу is а wonderful
perfectly, wherever they аге. This is why they always have resort. "т staying at the Seaview Hotel. It is оп the seafront
to look their best. In addition to this, they сап Ье and the rooms have а spectacular view of the North Sea.
photographed wherever they go. Whatever they do could Thebeach is clean. There is а castle оп а hill and а Dracula
Ье reported in tomorrow's newspapers. museum, which everyone seems to enjoy. The restaurant is

95
 Suggested Answers Section

very good; they serve traditional fish and chips. В: 1 see. Well, there is another coach to York in half
You shouldn't have much troubIe finding the hotel, but ап hour. Would you like те to book you а seat оп
here аге а few' directions so you don't get lost. Take the that coach?
train to Whitby, then take the number 72 bus to the harbour. А: Oh, yes please. That would Ье wonderful. Thank
You will see the Seaview Hotel оп уош right. I'm staying in you so much.
room 32. If you want те to book а room for .you, you сап В: No ргоЫет.
call те оп ту mobile. Му number is 0944372629.
Норе you сап соте. 1 look forward to seeing you soon. Exercise 15с (р. 19)

То: уош employer, the Editor of Camping World magazine

Love,
From: Assistant Editor
Fiona
Subject: Golden Sands Campsite

Para 1: То assess the quality of services at the Golden

UNIT4
Sands Campsite.
Paras 2-4: Location: оп the south coast of Devon/five-
Exercise 2 (р. 16)
minute walk from the beach; tall trees around
We swam in the warm sea and sunbathed оп the the site provide shade. (good points)
beach all day. Organisation & Facilities: supermarket
2 You must protect уош eyes from the bright sun. (small); clean drinking water; pubIic
3 The honking horns of cars woke us up very early the telephones; showers; plenty of space for each
next morning. саг and tent. (good points)
4 It was а busy street, full of shops and noisy traffic. Food and Cost: Beachside restaurant
5 We could hear the sound of crashing waves from ош (excellent, rather expensive); а fast food
hotel гоот. restaurant (reasonabIy priced meals, ореп only
6 The island is famous for its clear, bIue sea and golden until 8:00 рт). (bad points)
beaches. Entertainment & Sports: television гоот; large
7 She packed а towel, some suntan oil and а bottle of swimming pool; tabIe tennis; bikes for hire.
water into her beach bag. (good points)
8 1 couldn't hear what he was saying because of the Para 5: Nice location, good facilities, variety of
loud music. entertainment and sports availabIe, limited
9 The heat and the smell of exhaust fumes made Tim choice of restaurants. Ideal for family holidays.
feel sick.
10 The car park is next to the supermarket in the town Exercise 15d (р. 19)
centre.
То: Мг.John Taylor, Editor, Camping World magazine
From: J.S. Law, Assistant Editor
Exercise 1ЗЬ (р. 18)
Subject: Golden Sands Campsite
1 А: Excuse те, сап you help те? Date: 30th July, 2002
В: Yes, what seems to Ье the troubIe?
А: I've missed ту train. Purpose
В: Oh dear. Which train were you supposed to Ье оп? The purpose of this report is to assess the quality of
А: The 8 o'clock train to Reading. services at the Golden Sands campsite.
В: 1 see. Well, there is another train to Reading in ап

hour. Would you like те to book you а seat оп that Location

train? The campsite is located оп the south coast of Devon and is
А: Oh, yes please. That would Ье wonderful. Thank а five-minute walk from the beach. Tall trees around the site
you so much. provide shade.
В: No ргоЫет.
Organisation & Services
2 А: Excuse те, сап you help те? Golden Sands has plenty of space for each tent and саг.
В: Yes, what seems to Ье the troubIe? The campsite has showers, а small supermarket and pubIic
А: I've missed ту coach. telephones. In addition, there is clean drinking water
В: Oh dear. Which coach were you supposed to Ье availabIe.
оп?
А: The 7 o'clock coach to York.

96
ч
Suggested Answers Section

Food & Cost Exercise 11 Ь (р. 22)

There аге two restaurants at Golden Sands. The Beachside
А: Hi John! 1 haven't seen you for ages! How have you
restaurant is excellent, but rather expensive, and there is
been?
also а fast food restaurant which has reasonabIy priced
В: Oh, hi, Jill. Yes, it's been weeks. I've bought а new
meals, but is open until 8:00 р.т.
car, you know.
А: Really? That's great! What kind of car is it?
Entertainment & Sports
В: It's а jeep. Anyway, what about you?
In addition to а television room, the campsite has а large
А: Oh, I've just got back from а trip to Italy.
swimming pool, tabIe tennis and bikes for hire.
В: That sounds brilliant! How long were you there for?
А: Two weeks. It was amazing.
Recommendations
В: I bet it was! Well, it's great to see you again.
То sum up, the campsite is in а good location, has good
А: Youtoo. Keepintouch,won1you?
facilities and а variety of entertainment and sports availabIe.
Although the choice of restaurants is а little limited, 1 would
2 А: Hi Brian! 1 haven't seen you for ages! How have
recommend Golden Sands as an ideal place for family
you been?
holidays.
В: Oh, hi, Diana. Yes, it's been weeks. I won the
lottery, you know.
А: Really? That's great! How much did you win?
UNIТ 5
В: Oh, just enough to buy ту own house. Anyway,
what about you?
Exercise 2 (р. 20)
А: Oh, I've just got back from а trip to Spain.
It rained such blg raindrops that he was wet through В: That sounds brilliant! How long were you there for?
in less than а minute. А: Ten days. It was amazing.
2 Suddenly, it began to rain heavily and he ran to the В: I bet it was! Well, it's great to see you again.
bus shelter for cover. А: You too. Кеер in touch, won't you?
3 The dog chased the rabbit, but it disappeared down а
deep hole. Exercise 12 (р. 23)
4 The wind bIew so hard that John couldn't stay оп his
Para 1: (beginning), а) describing weather, surroundings,
bike.
people, etc. and е) referring to feelings or moods
5 Jane was told not to go swimming because of the
Para 2: (beginning), с) asking а rhetorical question, and
rough sea.
f) addressing the reader directly
6 They could see dark clouds gathering over the
Para 3: (ending), с) describing reactions to the events in
mountains in the distance.
the main body, and f) addressing the reader
7 John read the directions his friend had given him Ьу
directly
the light from а street lamp.
Para 4: (ending), с) referring to feelings or moods, and с)
8 It was difficult for Fred to read the тар in such dim
describing reactions to events
light.
Para 5: (beginning), f) addressing the reader directly, and d)
9 They followed the footpath that led to а high, rocky
creating mystery ог suspense
cliff with а spectacular view over the sea.
Para 6: (ending), с) describing reactions to event in the
1О Harriet waited anxiously for her turn to see the dentist.
main body, and а) using direct speech
Para 7: (beginning), Ь) using direct speech, and d) creating
Exercise 5 (р. 20)
mystery or suspense
Angela was driving to work when her mobile phone
rang. Exercise 13а (р. 23)
2 Anne and Frank were walking down the street when
As soon as we arrived, we pulled off ош clothes, raced
Anne offered Frank а new job.
down the beach and fell laughing into the curling white
3 Lawrence was running to work when he fell and broke
waves. The sea was warm, and а beautiful deep bIue. А little
his ankle.
further out in the Ьау а dark shape was sticking out of the
4 Victor was sitting at his desk when he remembered it
sea "Неу!" said Jim, "1'11 гасе you to that rock."
was his wife's birthday.
We swam fast, and а few moments later pulled ourselves
5 Robert was leaving the office when Miss Chen
panting оп to the rock's smooth, warm surface. The hot sun
reminded him of an important meeting.
telt so good оп ош skin that within minutes we both fell fast
6 John was having his break when Robert told him the
asleep.
terribIe news.

97
 Suggested Answers Section

The writer does not set the scene. Exercise 15а (р. 27)
The ending is weak because there аге по reactions/feelings
Another solution would Ье to plant more trees and to go оп
developed.
hikes or go camping more often. Ву doing this, we learn to
respect nature and the environment.
Exercise 13Ь (р. 23)
Another useful suggestion would Ье to join ап organisation
It was а hot Saturday morning in July. I was at home that helps save rainforests. In this way, we would help
wondering what to do оп such а beautiful day when ту protect опе of the world's natural resources more effectively.
friend, Jim, arrived. "Let's go to the beach!" he suggested.
That sounded like а great idea, so we quickly packed two Exercise 15Ь (р. 27)
towels and some sandwiches in а bag and set off. I live
Para 1: ProbIem: destruction of rainforests
quite close to the coast and in less than ап hour, we had
Para 2: 1st suggestion: recycle paper products
reached Trevellan Вау.
Results: fewer trees would have to Ье cut down
Para 3: 2nd suggestion: plant more trees, go оп hikes or
Eventually, the storm dropped. Ву then Jim and I were
camping more often
bruised and exhausted, but we managed to swim back to
Results: learn to respect nature and the
the beach. Ош clothes and sandwiches had Ьееп washed
environment
away in the storm, so we started to walk home. Back at
Para 4: 3rd suggestion: join ап organisation that helps
Jim's house, we slowly recovered with steaming mugs of
save rainforests
hot chocolate. Later we talked about what had happened
Results: help protect опе of the world's natural
but for now we were just glad to Ье alive.
resources more effectively
Para 5: Summary: there аге тапу solutions to the
probIem
UNIT6
Exercise 15с (р. 27)
Exercise 13Ь (р. 26)
The destruction of the rainforests is ап ongoing concern
А: Excuse те, сап you help те?
that the whole world has to deal with. Fortunately, there аге
В: Certainly. What seems to Ье the troubIe?
а number of possibIe solutions that could end the
А: Well, ту cat, Lucky, has gone missing.
destruction of the rainforests.
В: Oh! When did you last see her?
First of all, it would Ье а good idea to recycle рарег
А: This afternoon. She was in the kitchen опе minute
products. If we recycled рарег products, then fewer trees
and the next minute she was gone.
would have to Ье cut down.
В: What does she look like?
Another solution would Ье to plant тоге trees and to go
А: Well, she's а small cat. She's got bIack and white
оп hikes or go camping more often. Ву doing this, we
fur and brown ears.
would learn to respect nature and the environment.
В: Well, don't worry. "т sure we'll find her.
Finally, а (Jseful suggestion would Ье to join ап
А: Oh, thank you.
organisation that helps save rainforests. 'П this way, we
would help protect опе of the world's natural resources
2 А: Excuse те, сап you help те?
more effectively.
В: Certainly. What seems to Ье the troubIe?
AII things considered, there are several ways in which we
А: Well, ту dog, Fred, has gone missing.
could solve the ргоЫет of the destruction of the
В: Oh! When did you last see him?
rainforests. The sooner we put these solutions into action
А: Last night. Не was in the house опе minute and the
the better.
next minute he was gone.
В: What does he look like?
А: Well, he's а small dog. He's got white fur with
UNIT7
brown spots.
В: Well, don't worry. I'm sure we'll find him.
Exercise 11 Ь (р. 30)
А: Oh, thank you.
А: You'lI never guess what happened to те last
Exercise 14а (р. weekend.
В: Why? What happened?
The people who аге likely to read the article аге students,
А: Well, I was driving down а coun"try road when I ran out
parents and teachers.
of petrol.
В: Oh по! What did you do?

98
 Suggested Answers Section

А: I decided to walk to the nearest garage to ask for help. glad ---+ relieved
В: And did you find а garage? сате --, appeared
А: No. There were по, garages for miles. Then it started to
rain. Exercise 14а (р. 31)
В: Oh, how awful! Did you get very wet?
Para 1: Оп а road, riding а bike and driving а car.
А: No, not really. Luckily, after а few minutes, а van сате
e.g. Оп the way to school/work in the morning.
along. The driver gave те а lift into town.
Paras 2-3: Tim is riding his bike to school. А cat runs into
the road. Tim swerves and loses control. Не
Exercise 12а (р. 31)
falls and is hurt. Не calls for help. А саг appears
• magazine readers/the general pubIic and stops to help. The driver picks him up and
• e.g. ап accident that nearly happened or was takes him to hospital. Tim's parents arrive at
prevented from happening, or а rescue hospital. (climax event: Tim's crash)
Para 4: Tim was safe. Relieved. Decides to repair bike.
Exercise 12Ь (р. 31)
Exercise 14Ь (р. 31)
singing happily -, chirping joyfully
bad ---+ terribIe Tim was cycling to school as he did every day. It was а
There was lightning and thunder ---+ lightning flickered lovely spring morning and the sun was shining brightly.
and thunder rumbIed loudly Suddenly, а cat dashed into the road in front of Tim's bike.
Не swerved to avoid the cat and pulled hard оп the brakes
scared ---+ terrified
said ---+ screamed but he couldn't stop. Tim landed painfully оп the road and his
glad -, relieved bike fell heavily оп top of him. His leg was hurting terribIy and
he couldn't stand up so he shouted for help.
Exercise 12с (р. 31) Then а саг appeared round the согпег. The driver
stopped the саг and hurried out. She picked Tim up, put
Katy, а policeman him in the саг and took him to hospital. She waited with him
2 Katy being pulled from the water until his parents arrived.
3 para 1: setting the scene, description Тiт was relieved to Ье safe. Не hoped that he would
para 2: the storm never Ье in ап accident again. Не decided to repair his bike
para 3: Katy falling (and the reasons: ie flooded street) and mend the brakes as soon as his leg was better.
para 4: the rescue Ьу the роliсеmэ.п
para 5: waiting for the storm to end
para 6: Katy's feelings and reactions UNIT 8
4 start: describing what Katy was doing and describing
the weather Exercise 7 (р. 33)
end: describing Katy's feelings/reactions
5 past simple, past continuous, past perfect If I were you, I would talk to his teacher. He/She тау
6 sunny afternoon, grey clouds, gathered, falling so know why he isn't doing well. If he/she can't help, why
hard, looked like а river, strong pair of arms, don't you arrange for him to have extra lessons at
rushing water, friendly policeman home? Of course, уош son could just Ье а little lazy. If
so, the best thing you сап do is to encourage him to
Exercise 12d (р. 31) study тоге.
2 Well, with all that топеу you could travel around the
It's а lovely day and Katy is returning home after shopping. world! Or, why don't you buy а big house in the
А storm breaks. The storm worsens, the roads flood. Katy countryside? Оп the other hand, how about helping
slips and falls. А policeman rescues her. She is taken home the роог? You could give уош топеу to people who
Ьу the policeman. really need it. Whatever you do, 1strongly advise you
to put the топеу in а bank first and think carefully
Exercise 13 (р. 31) before you decide.
turned --+ swerved 3 То begin with, you should try to work fewer hours,
braked -, pulled hard оп the brakes then you would have more free time. What about
ran -, dashed organizing something that the whole family сап do
called -. shouted together at home? Ог, you could go оп excursions
fell down -+ landed painfLJlly with them at the weekend. If you have to work such
90t out ---+ hurried long hours, perhaps you ought to think about

99
 Suggested Answers Section

changing уош job. If I were you, I would talk to уош Exercise 14Ь (р. 35)
boss about the situation.
Оеаг Jonathan,
I've just received уош letter asking for advice about finding
Exercise 11 Ь (р. 34)
а job. There's lots of things you сап do which will help you get
А: 1 really need some advice, Julia. Сапyou help те? the work you want to do. Here's what 1think you should do.
В: 1'11 try. What's the probIem? . Why don't you start Ьу using уош 'осаl job centre.
А: Well, "т worried about ту exams. What do you They've got lots of adverts for jobs and the staff are so
think 1 should do? helpful, they'll tell you how to fill in ап application form.
В: Well, first of all, you should make а revision timetabIe. What's тоге, they've got useful ideas оп making а good
А: That's а good idea. 1'11 do that. impression at interviews.
В: Also, it would Ье а good idea to take regular breaks What you could also do is buy the 'осаl newspaper every
from studying. day. 'П there, you'll find plenty of advertisements. You're
А: That's excellent advice. Thanks, Julia. You've Ьееп bound to find а job that interests you in уош агеа. Finally,
really helpful. you ought to get in touch with companies in уош area too.
В: Well, that's what friends are for! If you write а letter to them and send уош CV as well, you
might get asked to go for ап interview.
2 А: 1 really need some advice, Andy. Сап you help те? I hope this has helped. 1 wish you luck and hope that

В: 1'11 try. What's the probIem? уош search for а job goes well.
А: Well, I really want to make some топеу. What do Yours,
you think I should do? Sam
В: Well, first of all, you should get а part-time job.
А: That's а good idea. 1'11 do that.
В: Also, it would Ье а good idea to cut down оп UNIT9
spending.
А: That's excellent advice. Thanks, Andy. You've Ьееп Exercise 9Ь (р. 38)
really helpful.
А: I'd like to book а city tour of Paris, please.
В: Well, that's what friends are for!
В: Certainly. We have two city tours everyday. The
tours start at ten а.т. and three р.т.
Exercise 13 (р. 35)
А: Right. I'd like the afternoon tour, please.
2 If you don't know what to do now that you've left В: How тапу places would you like to book?
school, 1 would recommend that you visit уош 'осаl А: Three, please. How much аге the tickets?
Careers Advice Centre. В: They're twenty Euros each. That's forty Euros.
3 If you need some extra топеу, 1 would suggest that А: Fine. Does the tour include the Eiffel Tower?
you get а part-time job. В: Of course. The guide will take you right to the top.
4 If you don't know where to go оп holiday, I would А: Wonderful. Thank YOlJ very much.
advise you to visit уош local travel agent.
5 If you don't know how to cook, 1 would recommend 2 А: I'd like to book а city tour of Rome, please.
that you buy а simple recipe book. В: Certainly. We have two city tours everyday. The
6 If you feel tired all the time, I would advise you not to tours start at ten а.т. and three р.т.
work so hard. А: Right. I'd like the afternoon tour, please.
В: How тапу places would you like to book?
Exercise 14а (р. 35) А: Four, please. How much are the tickets?
В: They're twenty-five Euros each. That's fifty Euros.
Para 1: thank for letter/express understanding of probIem
А: Fine. Does the tour include the Colosseum?
Para 2-3: • visit 'осаl job centre,buy 'осаl newspaper
В: Of course. The guide will take you right inside.
• ask staff how to fill in forms, where to look,
А: Wonderful. Thank you very much.
make а good impression at interviews
• write to 'осаl companies and send CV
Exercise 1Ос (р. 39)
• find out what jobs are availabIe in the area,
improve chances of getting а job Yes, the writer has included all points in the notes. Не has
Para 4: • wish the person good luck, hope advice has used indirect questions.
Ьееп useful e.g .... I would Ье grateful if you could let те know ...
• offer further help ... 1 would like to know what ....

... I wonder if you could tell те .. .

The language used should Ье informal. ... I also require information оп .. .

100
 Suggested Answers Section

Exercise 11 (р. 39) city streets; centre; dwellers; тауог; town hall;
council
• 1 would like to ask you where the flights аге from.
science studies; laboratory; scientific breakthrough;
• I wonder if you could let те know what is included in
experiment; scientist; physics
the price.
celebrations festival; traditional; costumes; event;
• 1 also require information оп what water sports аге
invitation
availabIe and 1 need to know the cost.
mass media broadcast; news story; viewer/readers;
entertainment; reporter/journalist;
Exercise 12а (р. 39)
newspapers; article
Рага Opening remarks: 1 ат writing to inquire
1:
about/in reference to '" Exercise 12Ь (р. 42)
Reason for writing: 1 ат interested in booking
А: Excuse те. I'm interested in taking а writing
а Tropical Island Holiday but 1 would like further
course.
information.
В: 1 see. Well, we have а course starting оп the 10th
Paras 2-3: Questions: Isthe beach within walking
Мау.
distance of the hotel? Where do the flights go
А: Yes, that sounds fine. How long is the course?
from? What is included in the price? What water
В: It lasts for two months with classes every Monday
sports аге availabIe? How much do they cost?
and Friday.
Other questions: Is equipment for water sports
А: Right. And how much does it cost?
provided? What time do the flights depart?
В: 150 pounds. That includes books and classes.
What family activities аге availabIe? 00 these
А: That sounds vet"y reasonabIe. Сап 1 enrol?
activities cost extra?
В: Yes, of course. 1'11 just take уош details.
Рага 4: Closing remarks: 1 look forward to receiving
details about уош Tropical Island holidays.
2 А: Excuse те. I'm interested in taking а French
Thank you in advance for уош help.
course.
В: 1 see. Well, we have а course starting оп the 15th
Exercise 12Ь (р. 39)
July.
Oear Sir/Madam, А: Yes, that sounds fine. How long is the course?
В: It lasts for four months with classes оп Wednesday
I ат writing to inquire about уош advertisement in the and Friday.
July edition of Breakaway magazine. 1 ат interested in А: Right. And how much does it cost?
booking опе of уош Tropicallsland holidays but 1 would Ье В: It's 400 pounds. That includes books and classes.
grateful if you could send те further details. А: That sounds very reasonabIe. Сап I enrol?
Firstly, I would like to know whether the beach is in В: Yes, of course. 1'11 just take уош details.
walking distance of the hotel. Also, 1 would Ье grateful if you
could tell те what is included in the price of 150 pounds. Exercise 1ЗЬ (р. 43)
1 also require information оп whether water sports аге
Aim: Тоsuggest ways to attract тоге people to Oayton
included in the family activities and 1 also need to know the
Sports Centre.
cost of them. Is equipment provided Ьу the сот рапу ог do
we have to hire it?
Exercise 14 (р. 43)
Finally, I wonder if you could tell те where in the U.к. the
flights depart from and at what time of day. 2 Моге
chairs should Ье bought. Ву doing this it would
1 look forward to receiving details about уош Tropical Ье
more comfortabIe for students to stay in the library
Island holidays. Thank you in advance for уош help. for as long as they want.
3 New books should Ье bought оп а wide range of
Yours faithfully, subjects. In this way, students would Ье аЫе to find
Carin Oock information about all their school subjects.
4 The library should Ье ореп at all times so that students
аге аЫе to use it in their free time.
UNIT 10
Exercise 15а (р. 43)
Exercise 3 (р. 40)
То:headteacher
computer programs; studies; laboratory; keyboard; From: volunteer
monitor; scientist; disk; printer Subject: School libr'ary

1О 1
 Suggested Answers Section

Para 1: То suggest ways to improve the library. shocked.

Para 2-3: Тоо dark ---+ better lighting А: "т not surprised. Аге you all right now?
NO,t enough гоот to sit ---+ buy тоге chairs В: Yes, thanks. 1 feel much ЬеНег.
Not enough book variety .-> buy тоге books
Students unabIe to use library in free time ---+ 2 А: David, 1 heard you had ап accident. What happened?
should Ье ореп at all times В: 1 was riding ту motorbike when а dog гап across
Para 4: The library would Ье тоге welcoming, тоге the road in front of те.
students would use the library if opening hours А: Oh dear. Was it lost?
were changed. В: No, but the owner wasn't holding its lead. Anyway,
1 swerved to avoid it and 1 fell off ту bike.
Exercise 15Ь (р. 43) А: How awful. Was апуопе hurt?
В: Luckily, по, but the owner and 1 were both very
Purpose
shocked.
The aim of this report is to suggest ways to improve the
school library services.
Exercise 12Ь (р. 47)
Library Interior Dеаг Реппу,
The lighting is too dim, so better lighting should Ье installed. I hope all is well with you and уош family. "т sorry I have
This would Ье less harmful to the eyes of students who have taken so long to reply to уош last letter, but "т sure that
to spend hours in the library. 'П addition, there is not enough you will understand as you read оп.
гоот for all the students to sit. Мorе chairs should Ье А couple of months ago we а" went оп а long weekend
bought. 'П this way the library would Ье тоге comfortabIe to Scotland and hired а small boat оп Loch Ness. То get
and students could stay there as long as they want. into this boat was like dicing with death, it rocked about so
much. Опсе we had а" managed to get in, we set off to look
Range of books for what everyone looks for оп Loch Ness - ап adventure!
New books should Ье bought оп а range of subjects. 'П this It rains 360 days а уеаг in Scotland, sometimes very
way students will Ье аЫе to find information оп the subjects heavily. 1 realised that the boat had started to fill with water.
they аге studying. 1 knew that we were in great danger, but the others took по

Opening hours
The library is closed during students' break times. The
library should Ье ореп а" hours, so that students сап use it
during their free time.
Conclusion
То sum up, the library would Ье тоге welcoming to
students if the improvements to the lighting and the number
ог chairs were made. The library would Ье used тorе if the
opening hours were changed so that students could use it
during their free time.
notice of те. Then, а much bigger boat passed Ьу. was а '!
пеаг miss, but we took in even тоге water. Ву this time 1 was
ready to swim and take ту chances in Loch Ness.
Suddenly, the boat seemed to rise in the water and
started to move towards the shore. We must have had nine
lives because we reached the shore lucky to Ье alive.
We had cheated death in а most mysterious way. Even
now we still don't understand why the boat didn't sink. The
only thing "т sure of is that next time I see Loch Ness it will
Ье оп а postcard!
Best wishes,
Sharon

UNIT 11
UNП 12
Exercise 10Ь (р. 46)
Exercise 11 Ь (р. 50)
А: David, I heard you had а саг accident. What
happened? А: Did you have а good time in India, Магу?
В: I was driving to the supermarket when а cyclist В: Yes, thanks. It was wonderful. The best place we
pulled out in front of те. visited was The Taj Mahal.
А: Oh dear. Was he riding too fast? А: Really? What's that?
В: No, but he wasn't looking where he was going. В: It's ап ancient building in Agra.
Anyway, I swerved to avoid him and 1 crashed into А: Oh. How old is it?
а tree. В: It was built Ьу ап етрегог in the 17th century.
А: How awful. Was апуопе hurt? А: That's amazing. What does it look like?
В: Luckily, по, but the cyclist and 1 were both very В: It's made of marbIe and it has lots of domes. It's

102
 4
Suggested Answers Section

really beautiful. before: If something happens before а particular date,

А: It sounds fantastic. 1wish I'd been there with you. time ог event, it happens earlier than that date, time or
event.
2 А: Did you have а good time in Scotland, Магу? hit: If you hit somebody ог something, you touch them
В: Yes, thanks. It was wonderful. The best place we with а lot of force with уош hand ог another object.
visited was Edinburgh Castle.
ash: Ash is the grey ог bIack powder that is lеН аНег
А: Really? What's that?
something has burnt.
В: It's an old building оп top of а hill in Edinburgh.
А: Oh. How old is it?
Exercise 8 (р. 53)
В: It was built in the Middle Ages.
А: That's amazing. What does it look like? At least 200 people were killed yesterday when Southern
В: It's made of stone and it has lots of rooms. It's China was hit Ьу Typhoon Amanda. ConsiderabIe
really beautiful. damage was caused Ьу the storm. It is not yet known
А: It sounds fantastic. 1wish I'd been there with you.
how тапу people were made homeless.
Representatives аге being sent Ьу the Red Cross to help
Exercise 12Ь (р. 51)
with the enormous clean-up job.
А formal transactional letter glvlng information about
entertainment and places of interest in Prague. Exercise 9 (р. 53)

Exercise 13Ь (р. 51)
Оеаг Ms Hopkins,
1 ат writing in reply to уош letter asking for information
about Paris.
There аге plenty of things to do and see in Paris. It is а
beautiful historical city with forty" museums, including the
Louvre Museum where you сап see the legendary painting
of the Mona Lisa. There is also the Picasso Museum where
you сап learn about the great painter's life and work.
Paris also has а wide range of shops. You сап buy fantastic
jewellery and accessories at the large department stores such
as the Galeries Lafayette and small boutiques where you сап
buy anything from designer clothes to souvenirs.
In the spring you сап enjoy а walk down the Champs
Elysees or down the beautiful avenue that leads to the Агс
de Triomphe. You сап even take а trip up the Eiffel Tower.
1 hope 1 have been of assistance to you. Please do not
hesitate to contact те again if you require any further
information.
Уош sincerely,
Helen Mansfield
UNIT 13
Exercise 1 (р. 52)
The 'осаl council is going to take active measures to
protect the гаге species in the агеа. They wi!\ estabIish а
wildlife park for endangered species. They will complete
the construction of the new park Ьу next уеаг.
Exercise 13Ь (р. 54)
1 А: Did you see the news this morning?
В: No. Why? Has something important happened?
А: Yes. There was а typhoon in Tokyo.
В: Oh по! How terribIe. Was there а lot of damage?
А: Well, а lot of buildings were destroyed.
В: That's awful. Were тапу people injured?
А: Well, luckily there were only а few casualties.
Most people were rescued Ьу the emergency
services.
В: That's а relief.
2 А: Did you see the news this morning?
В: No. Why? Has something important happened?
А: Yes. There was а flood in Bangladesh.
В: Oh по! That's terribIe. Was there а lot of
damage?
А: Well, several buildings were damaged Ьу water.
В: That's awful. Were тапу people injured?
А: Well, luckily по опе was hurt. Еуегуопе was
rescued.
В: That's а relief.

DеfinШоn
Exercise 14Ь (р. 55)
disaster: А very bad accident/a catastrophe.
tremendous: А word used to emphasize how strong а • It is а letter expressing opinion/disapproval.
feeling or quality is or how large ап amount is • It is about the Town Council's decision to build а
survivor: А person who continues to live after shopping centre in the centre of а historic town - а
experiencing а disaster, ап accident or а serious illness. decision the writer strongly disagrees with.
's meanwhile: While а particular thing is happening • The reader will Ье the editor of а newspaper.

103
 Suggested Answers Section

.. 'П the first paragraph. represent the needs and wishes of the people of
.. The probIems аге presented in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4. Bedworth. I therefore urge it to consider this fact and
.. She summarises her opinion in the last paragraph. withdraw its decision immediately in the interests of
everyone.
Exercise 15а (р. 55)

1 The Town На" has Ьееп attracting tourists and Yours faithfully,
historians for several years now; clearly, it would Ье Alison Bishop
а tragedy to destroy the unique beauty of this агеа
for the sake of а саг park.
UNIT 14
2 А саг park would encourage people to use their cars
in the town centre; as а result, there would Ье terribIe
Exercise 9 (р. 57)
traffic and the town centre would по longer Ье
friendly to Bedworth's residents and visitors. .. If I were а world leader, I would help protect
endangered species.
Exercise 15Ь (р. 55) .. If I were а world leader, I would give тоге топеу to
developing countries.
Рага 1: То
express уош disagreement with the .. If I were а world leader, I would develop solar power.
council's decision, to demolish the Town На" • If I were а world leader, I would stop wars.
and build а car park.
Рага 2: Town hall is а historic part of town, unique Exercise 1О (р. 57)
tragedy to destroy this unique building. If the dam оп the river hadn't Ьееп damaged, the valley
Рага 3: Саг park in the city centre would lead to traffic wouldn't have Ьееп flooded.
probIems and environmental destruction.
Рага 4: Council serves needs of 'осаl residents; If the rescue workers hadn't arrived so quickly, they
expressing fact that the council should wouldn't have Ьееп аЫе to take so тапу victims to the
reconsider its decision. nearest town.

Exercise 15с (р. 55) If the 'осаl hospital had had enough beds, they might
have saved тоге people.
Оеаг Sir/Madam,
Exercise 12 (р. 57)
1 ат
writing with regard to ап item I read recently in
I wish I had а car.
The Bedford News about the Council's decision to
2 I wish I were а famous singer.
demolish Bedworth Town На" and replace it with а car З I wish I hadn't argued with ту friend.
park. I strongly disapprove of this decision and urge the 4 I wish I had studied harder for ту exams.
Council to reconsider before the demolition takes place
next month. Exercise 1З (р. 58)
Firstly, the Town На" is situated in Bedworth's historic
2 I wish I didn't have to get up so early. If I didn't live so
town centre and is part of ош valuabIe heritage. Both
far away from ту office, I wouldn't have to get up so
tourists and historians have Ьееп attracted to ош early.
ancient town for тапу years and it would Ье а tragedy З I wish I hadn't missed the end of the film. If I hadn't
to destroy the unique beauty of this агеа for the sake of fallen asleep, I wouldn't have missed the end of the film.
а саг park. The Town На" itself is а wonderful example 4 I wish I didn't feel tired. If I didn't have to work long
of Gothic architecture and deserves to Ье as carefully hours, I wouldn't feel tired.
preserved as а" the other buildings around it. 5 I wish I hadn't missed ту flight. If I had found а taxi, I
'П addition, the vast majority of Bedworth's residents wouldn't have missed ту flight.
have totally opposed the Council's plans to modernize the
Exercise 15Ь (р. 58)
town centre for years. The proposed car park will not only
result in horrific traffic congestion, but is sure to Ье the first А: So, why do you want to work for us, Ms Taylor?
of тапу such environmental catastrophes to оссш in the В: Because it's а large сотрапу and "т really
future if the Council intends to continue with its plans. interested in sales.
It is part of the Town Council's responsibility to А: Why do you think you'd Ье good at this job?

104
 Suggested Answers Section

В: Well, I'm very sociabIe. 1теап, I always manage to with а degree in Accountancy. I have Ьееп working as а
communicate well with people. junior accountant since 1998 for Goodfellow's, which is
А: 1see. When would you Ье аЫе to start? based in London. Prior to this, I worked as а Sales
В: I could start апу time after 1st January. 8upervisor for 18М during university vacations. I also hold
А: Is there anything you would like to ask?
certificates in computer skills and word-processing.
В: Yes. I'd like to know what the salary is.
I get оп well with colleagues and "т reliabIe and well-
А: Certainly. It's 1,300 pounds а month.
organised. As ту references show, I work well under
В: That sounds fine. Thank you.
pressure, and have Ьееп popular with ту previous
2 А: 80. Why do you want to work for us, Ms Taylor? employers.
В: Because it's а large сотрапу and "т really I have enclosed а сору of ту CV. I would Ье glad to
interested in computers. attend ап interview at апу time convenient to you. I
А: Why do you think you'd Ье good at this job? would appreciate а reply at уош earliest convenience.
В: Well, "т very reliabIe. 1 теап, ! always manage to
meet deadlines оп time. Yours faithfully,
А: 1see. When would you Ье аЫе to start? Peter White
В: I could start anytime after 1st June.
А: Is there anything you would like to ask?
В: Yes. !'d like to know what the salary is. UNП 15
А: Certainly. It's 1,500 pounds а month.
В: That sounds fine. Thank you. Exercise 13Ь (р. 62)

Exercise 16с (р. 59) А: I'd really like to take up а sport. What sport would
you recommend?
2nd paragraph: studies В: Well, what about roller bIading?
Зrd paragraph: personal qualities
А: Oh по! I can't balance оп wheels.
2nd paragraph: work experience В: Okay then, why don't you try golf?
opening remarks: Reason for writing; Where the А: No way! It's too boring.
advertisement was seen. В: I know! You should take up basketball.
closing remarks: reference to CV; availabIe for interview; А: Yes, that sounds тоге like ту kind of sport.
request for а reply Thanks!

Exercise 17а (р. 59) 2 А: I'd really like to take up а sport. What sport would
Рауа 1: .. То apply for the position of accountant. you recommend?
В: Well, what about sailing?
.. In the Tribune.
А: Oh по! 1get seasick.
Рауа 2: .. Degree in Accountancy from the University of
В: Okay then, why don't you try paragliding?
Southampton certificates in computer skills
А: No way! "т afraid of heights.
and word-processing.
В: 1know! You should take up beach volley.
.. Have Ьееп working as а junior accountant for
А: Yes, that sounds тоге like ту kind of sport.
Goodfellow's since 1998. Worked as а sales Thanks!
supervisor for 18М during university vacations.
Рауа 3: ReliabIe, well-organised, work well under Exercise 15Ь (р. 63)
pressure, popular with previous employers.
Рауа 8unshine 8ummer Сатр; the Lake District
1:
Рауа 4: AvailabIe for interview at anytime.
Рауа Join in а variety of team games such as football ог
2:
I would appreciate а reply at уош earliest tennis ог exciting water sports. Take excursions to
convenience. 'осаl places of interest such as the house where
the poet Wordsworth was Ьогп. Also eat delicious
Exercise 17Ь (р. 59) food in the dining hall and sleep in log cabins Ьу
the lake. Take а walk in the hills and admire the
Оеаг Sir/Madam,
beautiful scenery.
I ат writing to apply for the position of Accountant
Рауа 3: If you want to meet new people and try new things,
which was advertised in Wednesday's edition of the
8unshine 8urnmer Сатр is the place for you.
Tribune. Exercise 15с (р. 63)
I graduated from the University of Southampton in 1998

105
 Suggested Answers Section

В: Well, I'm very sociabIe. 1теап, I always manage to with а degree in Accountancy. I have Ьееп working as а
communicate well with people. junior accountant since 1998 for Goodfellow's, which is
А: 1see. When would you Ье аЫе to start? based in London. Prior to this, I worked as а Sales
В: 1 could start апу time after 1st January. Supervisor for 18М during university vacations. 1 also hold
А: Is there anything you would like to ask? certificates in computer skills and word-processing.
В: Yes. I'd like to know what the salary is.
I get оп well with colleagues and I'm reliabIe and well-
А: Certainly. It's 1,300 pounds а month.
organised. As ту references show, I work well under
В: That sounds fine. Thank you.
pressure, and have Ьееп popular with ту previous
So. Why do you want to work for us, Ms Т aylor? employers.
2 А:
В: Because it's а large сотрапу and I'm really I have enclosed а сору of ту CV. I would Ье glad to
interested in computers. attend ап interview at апу time convenient to you. I
А: Why do you think you'd Ье good at this job? would appreciate а reply at уош earliest convenience.
В: Well, I'm very reliabIe. 1 теап, 1 always manage to
meet deadlines оп time. Yours faithfully,
А: 1see. When would you Ье аЫе to start? Peter White
В: I could start anytime after 1st June.
А: Is there anything you would like to ask?
В: Yes. I'd like to know what the salary is. UNIT 15
А: Certainly. It's 1,500 pounds а month.
В: That sounds fine. Thank you. Exercise 13Ь (р. 62)

Exercise 16с (р. 59) А: I'd really like to take up а sport. What sport would
you recommend?
2nd paragraph: studies В: Well, what about roller bIading?
3rd paragraph: personal qualities А: Oh по! 1сап'! balance оп wheels.
2nd paragraph: work experience В: Okay then, why don't you try golf?
opening remarks: Reason for writing; Where the А: No way! It's too boring.
advertisement was seen. В: I know! You should take up basketball.
closing remarks: reference to CV; availabIe for interview; А: Yes, that sounds тorе like ту kind of sport.
request for а reply Thanks!

Exercise 17а (р. 59) 2 А: I'd really like to take up а sport. What sport would
Para 1: • То apply for the position of accountant. you recommend?
В: Well, what about sailing?
• In the Tribune.
А: Oh по! 1get seasick.
Para 2: • Degree in Accountancy from the University of
В: Okay then, why don't you try paragliding?
Southampton certificates in computer skills
А: No way! "т afraid of heights.
and word-processing.
В: I know! You should take up beach volley.
• Have Ьееп working as а junior accountant for Yes, that sounds тоге like ту kind of sport.
А:
Goodfellow's since 1998. Worked as а sales Thanks!
supervisor for 18М during university vacations.
Para 3: ReliabIe, well-organised, work well under Exercise 15Ь (р. 63)
pressure, popular with previous employers.
Para 1: Sunshine Summer Сатр; the Lake District
Para 4: AvailabIe for interview at anytime.
Para 2: Join in а variety of team games such as football ог
I would appreciate а reply at уош earliest tennis ог exciting water sports. Take excursions to
convenience. local places of interest such as the house where
the poet Wordsworth was Ьогп. Also eat delicious
Exercise 17Ь (р. 59) food in the dining hall and sleep in log cabins Ьу
the lake. Take а walk in the hills and admire the
Оеаг Sir/Madam,
beautiful scenery.
I ат writing to apply for the position of Accountant
Para 3: If you want to meet new people and try new things,
which was advertised in Wednesday's edition of the
Sunshine Summer Сатр is the place for' you.
Tribune. Exercise 15с (р. 63)
I graduated from the University of Southampton in 1998

105
 ...,
Suggested Answers Section

Time of your Life! Exercise 15а (р. 67)

If you want to meet new people and try new things, then
Para 1: Fire, Eastbourne High School, last Saturday,
Sunshine Summer Сатр in the Lake District is the place for
early in the morning, at school
you. It's а fun-filled summer сатр where young people сап
Paras 2-3: Cleaner went to check windows, called fire
have а fantastic time.
brigade, fire caused Ьу electric heater
overheating. No casualties, damage to library's
It's Up to Уои!
booths and shelves, books and videotapes.
At the Sunshine Summer Сатр, you сап spend а week
Para 4: Report that Mr. Smith said, give warning to other
trying а wide range of activities. You сап take part in
schools to Ье careful.
exciting water sports such as water-skiing and sailing. You
сап enjoy delicious food in the dining hall and sleep in log
Exercise 15Ь (р. 67)
cabins Ьу the lake. If all that is not enough, Sunshine
Summer Сатр also offers excursions to 'осаl places of Blaze Destroys Library
interest. You сап visit the house where the poet
It is believed that early in the morning of last Saturday, ап
Wordsworth was Ьоrn or take а walk in the hills and admire
overheated electric heater, which had Ьееп left unattended
the beautiful scenery.
since Friday afternoon, was the cause of the bIaze that
welcomed the school cleaner Brian Smith, when he сате in
Visit Now!
to check оп some windows.
If you have some free time this summer and want а holiday
The fire had broken out in the Eastbourne High School
with а difference, why not соте to Sunshine Summer Сатр.
library where it went unnoticed for some time until Мг Smith
With so тапу activities you are sure to have the time of уош
smelled the smoke and immediately called the emergency
life! Visit ош website at www.sunshinesummercamp.co.uk
services. Two fire engines arrived оп the scene at about
9.00 а.т. About half ап hour later the fire was under control.
Fortunately по опе was injured in the bIaze but the
UNIT 16
damage to the library was quite bad; тапу of the study
booths and shelves were completely destroyed and water
Exercise 12Ь (р. 66)
used to extinguish the fire ruined тапу books and video
tapes.
А: (Steven)! Соте quickly.
The bIaze was confined to the library агеа and попе of
В: What's the matter (Graham)?
the other school buildings were affected during the
А: There's Ьееп ап accident.
incident. Ап investigation will Ье started оп Tuesday in
В: Is anybody hurt?
order to find out why the heater had Ьееп left оп after
А: Yes. Two people have Ьееп injured.
working hours.
В: Right. You call ап ambulance and 1'11 fetch the First
"It's а wonder the whole school wasn't destroyed",
Aid Kit.
commented Мг Smith after the incident. It is hoped that the
incident will act as а warning to other schools to take
Exercise 14 (р. 67)
greater саге with their fire precautions in the future.
Ап electric heater, which overheated, had Ьееп left
unattended since Friday afternoon.
2 Мапу of the study booths and shelves were completely UNIT 17
destroyed (in the fire).
3 Мапу of the books and videotapes were ruined Ьу the Exercise 4 (р. 68)
water used to extinguish the fire.
1 giraffe (wild)
4 Apart from the library, попе of the other buildings were
2 koala (herbivore)
affected.
3 salmon (not mammal)
5 Ап investigation will Ье started Ьу the police оп
4 snake (reptile)
Tuesday in order to find out why the heater had Ьееп
5 Ьеаг (not reptile)
left оп after working hours.
6 It is hoped that the incident will act as а warning to
Exercise 8 (р. 69)
other schools to take greater care with their
precautions in the future. 2 AII of them аге reptiles.
3 Both of them аге carnivores.
4 None of them like long journeys.
5 Both of them/Both Paul and Louise/are talented
gymnasts.

106
 Suggested Answers Section

6 AII of them passed the ехат. Exercise 17а (р. 71)

7 Neither of them/Neither Darren nor Kurt will attend the
Para 1: Use one of the writing techniques
ceremony.
Para 2: 11) гаге animals сап Ье bred in zoos and
8 None of them participated in the essay competition.
9 Neither of Pam's (two) children likes pizza. prevented from becoming extinct
• zoos make it possibIe for children to learn
Exercise 14Ь (р. 71) about animal species that they wouldn't
normally have а chance to see
А: Сап you look after ту dog, Spot, for те while 1 go
• zoos allow zoologists to run captive
оп holiday?
I'd love to. How long аге you going away for? breeding programmes
В:
А: Опе week. Spot's по troubIe. You just have to Para З: • animals should Ье allowed to live in their
feed him and take him for walks. natural habitats and breed naturally
В: What should 1 feed him? • it is unkind to keep animals behind bars
А: Well, his favourite food is chicken, but he likes all • keeping animals in zoos is cruel
kinds of meat. Para 4: give а balanced consideration and/or state ту
В: Okay. Is there anything else 1 should know? opinion
А: No, that's it. 1'11 bring him to уош house before 1 go.
Thanks. Exercise 17Ь (р. 71)
В: No ргоЫет. I'm looking forward to it!
Millions of people every уеаг visit zoos. Visiting а zoo сап
Ье а wonderful way to spend а day, but аге zoos worthwhile
2 А: Сап you look after ту cat, Sparky, for те while 1
ог do they have too many drawbacks?
go оп holiday?
В: I'd love to. How long аге you going away for? One major advantage of zoos is that гаге animals сап Ье
А: Теп days. Sparky's по troubIe. You just have to
bred in zoos and prevented from becoming extinct. In
feed her and play with her. addition, zoos make it possibIe for children to learn about
В: What should 1 feed her? animal species that they wouldn't normally have the chance
А: Well, her favourite food is tuna, but she likes all to see.
kinds of fish. However, some people believe that animals should Ье
В: Okay. Is there anything else 1 should know? allowed to live in their natural habitats and breed naturally.
А: No, that's it. 1'11 bring her to уош house before I go. What is тorе, there аге people who believe that it is unkind
Thanks. to keep animals behind bars and that keeping animals in
В: No probIem. I'm looking forward to it! zoos is cruel.
АII in all, it would арреаг that zoos do have advantages,

Exercise 15Ь (р. 71) but there аге several drawbacks to keeping animals in
captivity. Perhaps it is time we started working to protect
points for: protection and conservation/more space and animals in their natural environments.
"freedom/children сап see animals wandering freely.
Justification: It's better for animals to Ье in national parks
than behind bars in а zoo (for the reasons given above). UNIТ 18
points against: animals should Ье allowed to live in their
natural habitats/animals should not Ье а form of Exercise 1 (р. 72)
entertainment for visitors. Justification: national parks аге
not their natural habitat and they аге used as pollution contaminate; chemicals; litter; waste; gases
'entertainment' . solutions recycling; filters; wildlife parks; solar energy;
electric cars
Exercise 15с (р. 71)
Exercise 7 (р. 73)
The writer begins Ьу asking а rhetorical question.
Suggested alternative: Addressing the reader directly: 1 То start with
Аге you one of the millions of people who visit national
2 In this way
parks every уеаг? If so, have you ever stopped to think 3 Moreover
whether you аге helping animal conservation ог making 4 As а consequence
things worse? 5 Lastly
6 This would mean that
7 AII in all

107
 <

:SUQQ,estea Answers Section

Suggestions Results the situation. Ву doing this, the cost of keeping the
Stop destroying habitats Animals сап live and breed in beaches clean would Ье more fairly split between
natural environment. locals and visitors.
Вап hunting endangered Animals would have а better 3 It would Ье а good idea to introduce short seminars for
species. chance of survival. visitors and locals to make them тоге responsibIe for
Make more wildlife parks. Rare species аЫе to live their actions. This would deal with the probIem at source.
safely.
Exercise 15а (р. 75)
Exercise 8 (р. 73)
Para 1: The рroЫет is pollution оп beaches. People
Аwhale got stuck оп а beach in Devon yesterday. leaving rubbish.
Fortunately, а team of rescue workers were аЫе to Para 2: Volunteer workers. The result will Ье cleaner
return it to the sea. beaches.
2 There was а huge oil spill in the North Sea last week Para 3: Тах оп hotel charges. The cost of keeping
and as а result тапу sea animals have died. beaches clean would Ье more fairly split.
3 People know that cars аге damaging the atmosphere. Para 4: As long as the роliсе and the state are willing to
However, they still keep driving them. make ап effort, improving the situation is not
4 Мапу factories release industrial waste into ош seas difficult.
and rivers; furthermore, these same factories cause air
pollution. Exercise 15Ь (р. 75)

It must Ье rather disappointing to have travelled to уош

Exercise 12Ь (р. 74)
island 'paradise' only to find the beach looking like а
А: Аге you а" right, Тот? rubbish dump. Falling numbers of tourists suggest that they
В: Not really. "т having troubIe finding а job. have had enough of beach pollution, even though tourism
А: Oh dear. Why don't you go to the job centre? is part of the ргоЫет.
В: I've done that. The troubIe is, 1 сап never find а job First of all, tourism itself is only partly to Ыате for empty
that interests те. plastic water bottles and other litter. However, it is the 'осаl
А: Oh, I see. Well, you should write to companies you people who have to find а solution. А useful suggestion
would like to work for. would Ье to have teams of volunteer workers, whose area's
В: That's а good idea, but it will take ages to type а" есопоту depends оп tourism, clean their 'оса' beaches
those letters. regularly. The result would Ье cleaner beaches.
А: Don't worry. 1'11 help you. Secondly, introducing а 'осаl 'green tourism' tax оп hotel
В: Thanks. That would Ье great. charges could improve the situation. Ву doing this, the cost
of keeping the beaches clean would Ье тоге fairly split
2 А: Are you а" right, Тот? between locals and visitors.
В: Not really. "т having troubIe writing ту novel. Finally, it would Ье а good idea if we introduced short
А: Oh dear. Why don't you get а computer. seminars for visitors and locals to make them тоге
В: I've done that. The troubIe is, 1 сап never find апу responsibIe for their actions. This would deal with the
ideas. ргоЫет at the source.
А: Oh, 1 see. Well, you should look for ideas оп the То conclude, попе of the above suggestions аге new. As
Internet. long as the pubIic and the state аге willing to make ап effort,
В: That's а good idea, but it will take ages to find the improving оп the situation is not difficult.
information 1 want.
А: Don't worry. 1'11 help you.
В: Thanks. That would Ье great. UNIT 19

Exercise 14а (р. 75) Exercise 11 (р. 78)

ProbIem presented: Po"ution of beaches Ьу visitors. The classic саг is slower than/not as fast as/ the sports car.
The sports саг is faster than the classic саг.
Exercise 14Ь (р. 75)
The classic саг is (just) as expensive as the sports саг.
А useful suggestion would Ье to have volunteer
The sports саг is the same price/costs the same as/ the
workers clean their 'осаl beaches оп а regular basis.
classic саг.
This would result in cleaner beaches.
The classic саг is equally expensive as the sports car.
2 Introducing а 'оса' 'green tourism tax' could improve

108
 Suggested Answers Section

The classic саг is safer than the sports саг. mighty roar: hearing
The sports car is less safe than the classic car. great bIankets of white mist: sight
magnificent sight: sight
The classic саг is тоге economical than the sports car.
The sports car is not as/less economical as/than the classic Exercise 12 (р. 83)
саг.
If а" this sounds а little too 'wet' for you, you тау
prefer to enjoy а теаl in опе of Niagara's тапу
Exercise 14Ь (р. 79)
restaurants which аге comfortabIe and luxurious with
W: Мау 1 take уош order, madam? views of the falls.
С: Yes, 1'11 have the chicken curry, please. 2 From its highest point, the Niagara River drops а dizzy
W: Would you like French fries ог rice with that? 58т into the waters at the foot of the falls where you
С: Actually, could 1 have it with just а baked potato? сап take а boat ride and feel the spray from the falls оп
W: Certainly. What kind of topping? уош face.
С: What toppings have you got? 3 The areas surrounding Niagara are pubIic parks and
W: We've got cheese, spicy tomato and sour сгеат. the best views of the falls are from Prospect Point ог
С: Sour сгеат, please. from Rainbow Bridge, which extends over the Niagara
W: And would you like something to drink? Gorge about 300т further downstream.
С: I'd like ап iced tea, but по ice, please. 4 Ог why not visit the Cave of the Winds, which is hidden
W: Thank you, madam. Will there Ье anything else? behind the curtain of falling water?
С: Not for the moment, thanks. 5 Situated оп the border of the United States and
Ontario, Canada, it earns its reputation for being опе of
Exercise 18Ь (р. 79) the world's natural attractions.
6 Nowadays, visitors сап get close to the falls in safety
Potato Pierogis
and are rewarded with а fascinating and unforgettabIe
Ingredients
experience.
3 cups flour
7 For тапу years, Niagara was а destination for
1 teaspoon salt
honeymooners and even stunt artists who walked over
1 teaspoon soft butter
the falls оп а tightrope ог went over them in а Ьаггеl!
2 eggs, lightly beaten
3/4 to 1 cup warm milk
Exercise 13а (р. 83)

Filling Para 1: Name & Location of place: Niagara Waterfalls,

2 cups mashed potatoes оп the border of USA and Canada.
2 tabIespoons butter Reason for choosing it: опе of the world's
salt and реррег greatest natural wonders/attractions.
3 tabIespoons butter (for frying) Paras 2-3: see the 58т waterfall, take а boat ride, feel the
spray оп уош face, visit the Cave of the Winds,
Preparation go to а restaurant with а view of the waterfall,
First, sift flour, mix with salt, butter and eggs. Next, add see the Niagara Gorge.
warm milk to make а soft dough. Then, roll out the dough Para 3: visitors сап get close to the falls in safety and
оп а floured surface. RolI to about 1/8 inch thickness. Cut in аге rewarded with а fascinating and
2 inch squares. After that, put 1 tabIespoon of filling оп each LlnforgettabIe experience.
square. Fold in % to make а triangle, then pinch edges.
Огор into boiling water until they float. Drain, then fry briefly Exercise 13Ь (р. 83)
in the butter. Serve while hot.
Situated оп the border between Canada and the United
States, Niagara Falls, the famous North American landmark
earns its reputation for being опе of the world's most
UNП20
spectacular attractions.
From its highest point, the Niagara River drops а dizzy
Exercise 11с (р. 83)
58т into the rough waters at the foot of the hills, where you
hot & steamy rainforest: touch сап take а bumpy boat ride and feel the сооl spray from
а violent white water raft ride: sight, touch the falls оп уош face. Ог why not visit the mysterious Cave
the terrifying rapids: touch of the Winds, which is hidden behind the curtain of falling
stunning views: sight water.

109
 Suggested Answers Section

If all this sounds а little 'wet' for you, you тау prefer to
UNIT 22
enjoy а delicious meal in опе of Niagara's тапу
restaurants, which аге comfortabIe and luxurious with
Exercise 6 (р. 89)
superb views of the falls. The areas surrounding Niagara
аге pubIic parks and the best views of the falls аге from Тiт has had his hair dyed bIack.

Prospect Point orRainbow Bridge, which extends over the 2 Tim has had his еаг pierced.
deafening Niagara Gorge about 300т further·downstream. 3 Тiт has his nails manicured.
You simply cannot fail to Ье impressed Ьу such а 4 Тiт has his teeth cleaned.
magnificent sight. 5 Тiт has had his living гоот redecorated.
For тапу years, Niagara was а romantic destination for 6 Тiт has had his chimney repaired.
honeymooners and even stunt artists who walked over the 7 Tim has had а lovely new kitchen installed.
falls оп а tightrope ог went over them in а barrel!
Nowadays, visitors сап get close to the falls in safety and Exercise 11 Ь (р. 90)
аге rewarded with а fascinating and unforgettabIe
А: I really couldn't live without ту mobile phone.
experience. В: Really? Why do you say that?
А: Well, 1 use it every day for making calls and
sending messages.
UNIT 21 В: 'П ту opinion, mobile phones make people
unsociabIe.
Exercise 12Ь (р. 86) А: Oh, that's not true. In fact, I talk to ту friends тоге
А: Would you like to соте to the theatre with те оп than ever.
Friday? В: Well, I don't like mobile phones much, but I'd Ье
В: That sounds like fun. What аге you going to see? lost without ту minidisc player.
А: Well, I'd like to see the new play Ьу Тот Stoppard. А: I think that minidisc players аге а waste of топеу.
В: Oh по. I don't really like modern plays. В: Oh, I don't agree. I use mine all the time.
А: Oh. What kind of plays do you like, then?
В: Well, I prefer classical plays. 2 А: 1really couldn't do without ту television.
А: ОК, then. We сап watch а classical play instead. В: Really? Why do you say that?
В: Great. А: Well, 1 use it everyday for watching the news and
relaxing.
2 А: Would you like to соте and watch а video with те В: 'П ту opinion, television makes people unsociabIe.
this evening? А: Oh, that's not true. In fact, I often watch TV with ту
В: That sounds like fun. What аге you going to see? friends.
А: Well, I'd like to see the new romance film with Meg В: Well, I don't like television much, but I'd Ье lost
Ryan. without ту Gameboy.
В: Oh по. I don't really like roтапсе films (romances). А: I think Gameboys аге а waste of топеу.
А: Oh. What kind of films do you like, then? В: Oh, 1don't agree. I use mine all the time.
В: Well, I prefer horror films.
А: Ok, then. We сап watch а horror film instead. Exercise 12с (р. 91)
В: Great.
• 'П the first paragraph.
• Lack of after-sales customer support & роог
Exercise 14а (р. 87) demonstration.
а The story, which is set in the орега house in Paris, • The customer suggests that the computer Ье collected
features three main characters; Christine, her and а full demonstration of its use Ье arranged.
childhood friend, Raoul de Chagny, and Erik.
Ь The story focuses оп Erik, the phantom, а tortured soul Exercise 1ЗЬ (р. 91)
who lives beneath the орега house.
• the language used in the letter is mild.
с The plot has ап unexpected twist when the reader
realises that Christine is wearing а wedding ring.
Оеаг Sir/Madam,
d Christine is а basically good character, drawn Ьу the
forbidden nature of evil, that everyone сап identify I want to express ту extreme dissatisfaction with the
with. роor customer service offered Ьу уош сотрапу. It has
Ьееп only four days since I bought а computer system from
уош firm.

11 О
 :::iU('1aE~ste'Ci Answers Section

Firstly, the engineer who installed the system was
extremelly incompetent. Не took only five minutes to
explain how to operate it and then left the house, leaving ап
instruction manual in ту hands. This is not what I expected.
After several attempts at switching the computer оп it
suddenly started to make а noise and then the СО drive
opened Ьу itself. This had not happened during the
engineer's demonstration and of course I had по idea what
to do.
Then, I closed the СО drive and the whole system went
dead. When I called уош customer advice line for advice, I
was rudely told that it was ту fault and I had damaged the
computer myself and that I should take it to Ье repaired.
This kind of service is disgraceful.
I demand that уои arrange collection and repair of the
computer and а full demonstration of how it works Ьу а
person qualified to do so. I hope that I will not Ье forced to
take further action.
Yours faithfully,
Patrick Cidwell
сатрапу and after watching only опе DVD the machine
failed to work at all_
Firstly, the shop assistant had assured те that there was
customer service even оп second-hand purchases. Despite
this, when I сате to the shop the assistant refused to help
те because I had bought the DVD second-hand, although
the assistant who sold те the DVD told те that the
machine carried а six month guarantee.
Then, because I insisted that someone help те, I was
told that the fault 'ау with the DVD disc that was stuck inside
and not the player, even though the owner of the video club
had told те that she had never had апу probIems with апу
DVD discs.
I insist that you will arrange for collection and repair of
the DVD. I hope that I will not Ье forced to take further
action.
Yours faithfully,
Jennifer Spright

Exercise 14 (р. 91)

Despite the fact that the shop assistant had assured

те that there was customer service even оп second-
hand purchases, when I сате to the shop the
assistant refused to help те because I had bought the
DVD second-hand.

2 After watching only опе DVD the machine failed to

work at all, although the assistant who served те in
the shop had told те that the machine was just а few
months old and that it carried а six-month guarantee.

з Finally, because I insisted that someone help те, I was

told that the fault 'ау with the DVD disc that was stuck
inside and по! with the player even though the owner
of the video club had told те that she had never had
апу probIems with апу DVDs.

Exercise 15а (р. 91)

Рауа 1: second-hand DVD player is "faulty

Paras 2-4: shop assistant said there was customer
service/six month guarantee/refused to help/
told I had caused the damage
Рауа 5: repair DVD or offer а refund

Exercise 15Ь (р. 91)

Dear Sir/Madam,

е I ат writing to you to complain about а second-hand

s DVD player that I recently bought from уош shop. It has
n Ьееп only four days since I bought the player from уош

111