Name : Annisa Alhamarini

NPM : A1B021047

Class : 1B (English Education)

Adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective or another adverb. (Parrot 2004).
Adverbs are words used to show how, when, where, how often, and to what extent an
action is done. While adjectives connect with nouns, adverbs connect with verbs and
adjectives (Chew and Choy, 2009). An adverb adds more to the meaning of a verb an
adjective or another adverb (MacFadyen, 2017).

ADVERBS IN ENGLISH (Part 1)

Adverb is a word used to describe a verb, adjective, another adverb, and sentence
as a whole.

TYPES OF ADVERBS:

1. Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of manner shows how to do an activity. Adverbs of manner tell us the

way in which an action or event takes place.

Examples:

1) The house is beautifully decorated for Christmas.

2) People are waiting impatiently to board the bus.

3) He put his hands swiftly into the back pocket of a man.

 Position:

- Initial: Suddenly, I felt sleepy.

-Middle: She slowly wrote a letter.

-Final: He worked hard

 Kinds:

-Word: beautifully, calmly, nicely, neatly, sadly, quickly, fast, well, late

-Phrase: on foot by bus in English, like a boss

2. Adverbs of place & direction

Adverbs of place & direction shows the place and direction position. Adverbs of
place tell us where an action or situation happens. There can be used as the subject of
a sentence followed by be and a noun phrase when we want to talk about the presence
there is not an adverb of place of something.

Examples:

1) A policeman is standing a little distance away.

2) The research investigates education policy in Asia and elsewhere.

3) We can play badminton indoors.

 Position

-Initial: Here, you and I study English.

-Middle: Mr. Aziz is in the class teaching English.

- Final: My friend is sleeping in my room

 Kinds:

-Word: away, everywhere, here, nowhere, somewhere, there, out, outside, inside,

-Praise: at home, ahead, in the class, on the table

3. Adverbs of time

Adverbs of time shows the time of occurrence of an action/ event. Adverbs of

time tell us when an action or situation happens. There are differences in meaning
between late and lately. Late can be used as an adjective and an adverb while lately is
just an adverb. Late is used to indicate that an action or an event has taken place after
the planned, expected or usual time. On the other hand, lately means recently.
Examples:

1) l am terribly sorry for my late reply. (adjective)

2) Our flight was three hours late because of bad weather. (adverb)

3) I have been feeling depressed lately.

 Position

-Initial: Yesterday, he bought a camera.

- Middle: I will soon be there.

-Final: I met my father last night.

 Word:

-Definite: yesterday, today, now, tonight, tomorrow, etc.

- Indefinite: recently, soon, already, just, before, later, next, sometimes.

 Phrase

-Definite: at once, next year, next day, last month, right now.

-Indefinite: next time, last time, long time ago, etc.

British→ S+V (+O)+manner+place+time

➢They worked hard in the garden yesterday

American→ S+V (+O)+place+manner+time

➢He was walking along the street quietly with his dog last night.

4. Adverbs of degree

Adverbs of degree describes the degree of adjective, other adverb and the quality
of the verb. Adverbs of degree tell us to what extent something happens. Adverbs of
degree can be used in front adjectives and other adverbs. When adverbs of degree are
used in this way, they are known as sub-modifiers.

Examples:
 1) The room was almost filled with people.

2) The situation is extremely serious.

3) I have just run four kilometers this morning.

 Position:

•Before adj/adv: very good, I am almost ready, very quickly.

•After adj/adv: good enough, The box is not big enough. Quickly enough

 Kinds:

•Absolutely, almost, barely, completely, enough, entirely, extremely, fairly, far, just,
much, nearly, rather, somewhat, so, too, very, scarcely, etc.

5. Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of frequency shows repetition or repetition (often or not) an event

position. Adverbs of frequency tell us how often an action or situation happens.
Hardly should not be confused with hard. There are differences in meaning between
hardly and hard. Hardly means rarely whereas hard, it used as an adverb, means
diligently.

Examples:

1) Katie is busy with her work. She hardly has time for a vacation.

2) Peter works hard. We can always see him studying in the library.

 Position:

-Initial: Usually, I get up at 05.00 a.m. • Middle: He is always in time for meal.

- Final: She comes here every day.

 Kinds:

-Word: always, continually, frequently, occasionally, often, once, twice, repeatedly,

never, ever, rarely, seldom.

-Phrase: every day, every time, hardly ever, scarcely ever

6. Adverb of Vocative

Adverb of vocative is used to refer directly.

Examples:

1) You, come here!

2) Everybody, help me please!

3) John, come here!

4) Come here, John!

7. Adverb of Negation

Adverb of negation is used to deny.

Kinds: no, not, never, etc.

Examples:

1) She does not look at us.

2) No, I don’t.

3) Never do I do it.

8. Adverb of intensifier/ emphasis

Adverb of intensifier/ emphasis serves as an affirmation of something that is

explained.

Kinds: especially, exactly, only, just, do, does, did, myself, etc.

Examples:

1) I just want to help my sister.

2) Only you come here.

3) I myself bought this car

4) I do like pizza
 ADVERBS IN ENGLISH (Part 2)

Adverb: -Based on meaning

-Based on function

Adverb based on their function:

1. Exclamatory Adverb

Exclamatory adverb is used to show strong feelings such as awe or wonder.

How + Adjective/Adverb!

Examples:

-How beautiful!

-How fast!

2. Explanatory Adverb

Explanatory adverb is used to explain something through a picture or example.

 Position in sentence

-Middle: I like fruits such as apple, mango, and kiwi,

-Final: I bought bag, pencil, ruler, books, … etc.

 Kinds:

For example, example, such as, etc (et cetera), e.g (= exempli gratia), namely, … etc.

3. Interrogative Adverb

Question words used as adverbs or adverbs used to ask questions.

What, when, where, why, how

Examples:

-Where have you been?

-When will you go?

-What are you doing?

4. Conjunctive Adverb

Conjunctive adverb have character such as compound conjunction, which are

used to connect two sentences.

Examples:

-I don’t like the idea, moreover, I think it’s illegal.

-I had a drink. Then, I went home

5. Sentence Adverb

Sentence adverb is used to explain the sentence (sentence) as a whole. Sentence

adverbs are normally used to at the beginning of a sentence. They can be used to
convey an attitude of the speaker or writer.

Examples:

1) Frankly, I don't know the answer to the question.

2) Surprisingly, the show is a great success.

3) Unfortunately, I don't have enough money to buy a new car.

 Position in sentence

Initial:

-Honestly, Tom didn’t get the money.

Middle:

-I will probably meet her in the class.

Final:

-He knew the town well apparently.

 Kinds of adverb in sentence

Actually, certainly, evidently, definitely, perhaps, finally, apparently, clearly,

obviously, probably, maybe, (un)fortunately, undoubtedly, naturally, by the way,
honestly, frankly, etc.