USE OF TECHNOLOGY TOWARDS

IMPROVED O&M IN IRRIGATION SECTOR

INTEGRATED PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT & MANAGEMENT OF IRRIGATION PROGRAM

For more information on ADB Indonesian Water Security Program contact:
ERIC QUINCIEU
Senior Water Resources Specialist
equincieu@adb.org
 USE OF TECHNOLOGY TOWARDS
IMPROVED O&M IN IRRIGATION SECTOR

INTEGRATED PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT & MANAGEMENT OF IRRIGATION PROGRAM

3
4
INDEX

6_____THE IRRIGATION SECTOR IN INDONESIA

8_____AN AGING IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURE STOCK

14____A RESULTS-BASED APPROACH TO INCENTIVIZE O&M TOWARDS

GREATER SUSTAINABILITY OF IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE
INVESTMENTS

15____INTRODUCE INOVATION & TECHNOLOGY

18____ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGY

20____UPGRADING - IRRIGATION ASSETS MANAGEMENT INFORMATION

SYSTEM

21____INTEGRATING IRRIGATION ASSETS INFORMATION MANAGEMENT &

PERFORMANCE SYSTEM

36____RESULT, LESSON LEARNT, WHAT’S NEXT

5
THE IRRIGATION SECTOR IN INDONESIA
• TOTAL AREA • AUTORIZATION

IRIGATION SECTOR NATIONAL 3,142,532 Ha 406 DIs

The government’s long-term National
Development Plan, 2005 –2025 and
9,136,028 Ha PROVINCE 1,634,467 Ha 1,330 DIs
IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE DISTRIC 4,359,028 Ha 54,589 DIs
National Medium-Term Development
Plan, 2015–20196 stated that water
and food security are priorities. LARGE IRIGATION AREA AUTIRIZATION

Large irrigated areas mainly in Institutionally fragmented between

Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi islands national, province and district levels

• CLASIFICATION 1.833.030 Ha • TYPE 2% • AUTORIZATION

LOWLAND
18%
34%
20% 1% 48%
LOWLAND Surface Irrigation National
1% Ground Water Irrigation
Province
Pumping

80% Lowland
Pond
District

IRRIGATION
78%
7.302.998 Ha
IRRIGATION
18%

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 AUTORIZATION
Classification authorization of Daerah Irigasi (Irrigation Scheme)
for national, province and district levels refers to Peraturan
Menteri PUPR No 14 /PRT/M/2015 TOTAL AREA
• NATIONAL for DI > 3,000 Ha 9,136,028 Ha

• PROVINCE for DI 1,000 Ha > DIs <3,000 Ha IRRIGATION LOWLAND

• DISTRICT for DI < 1,000 Ha 7,302,998 Ha 1,833,030 Ha

SURFACE GROUND PUMPING

IRRIGATION WATER IRRIGATION LOWLAND POND
IRRIGATION 1,643,283 Ha 189,747 Ha
7,145,168 Ha 44,230 Ha
113,600Ha
DISTRICT PROVINCE NATIONAL

2,376,521 Ha, 36,727 Ha, 703,362 Ha, 25,922 Ha,

283 DIs - 6 DIs 110 DIs 7 DIs

1,105,474 Ha, 2,305 Ha, 423,302 Ha, 423,302 Ha,

984 DIs - 2 DIs 241 DIs 241 DIs

3,663,173 Ha, 113,600 Ha, 5,198 Ha, 516,619 Ha, 60,439 Ha,
46,761 DIs 5,659 DIs 37 DIs 1.876 DIs 256 DIs

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 AN AGING
IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURE
STOCK
Water resources and irrigation management play an important role in the
country’s efforts to increase agricultural output. However, with the potential
of a 7,302,998 Ha irrigated area, the Ministry of Public Works and Housing
(MPWH) estimates only 55% of the nation’s irrigation system is functioning
at full capacity. The irrigation assets data and information were fragmented,
scattered, and stored in the unit offices, have led to the monitoring and
evaluation inefficiently. Weak operations and maintenance (O&M) are
leading to economic losses and high rehabilitation costs.

Weak Operation & Maintenance Leading to

Economic Losses and High Rehabilitation Costs

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2006, the Directorate General of Water Resources
(DGWR), MPWH introduced reforms to improve water delivery
and operation and maintenance (O&M) services by applying
participatory irrigation management.

2010, the DGWR established a directorate dedicated to

O&M for water resources. Asset management and needs-
based budgeting (NBB) processes have been introduced to
address the long-term sustainability of the infrastructure. The
Pengolah Data Sumber Daya Air - Pengelolaan Aset Irigasi
(PDSDA-PAI) – Irrigation Asset Management Information
System (IAMIS) was developed to provide accurate, reliable,
and real-time data information to support decision-makers in
preparing better planning, budgeting, improving operation
and maintenance, also monitoring and evaluation.

2015, the DGWR institutionalized reforms introduced

under the Asian Development Bank (ADB) - financed
Participatory Irrigation Sector Project to improve sector
performance. This provides a robust regulatory framework for
irrigation infrastructure, management, and O&M.

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IRRIGATION ASSETS MANAGEMENT

PDSDA-PAI
https://pdsda.sda.pu.go.id/daerah-irigasi

PENGOLAH DATA SUMBER DAYA AIR – PENGELOLAAN ASET IRIGASI

Pengelolaan Aset Irigasi (PAI)/Irrigation

Asset Management System (IAMS) is
one of the submodules of the
Pengelolaan Data Sumber Daya Air
(PDSDA)/Water Resources Data
Processing (WRDC) application program
developed by DGWR, MPWH to
improve water delivery and operation
and maintenance (O&M) performance
services.

PDSDA–PAI was prepared to provide

accurate, reliable, and real-time data
information to support decision-makers
in preparing better planning,
budgeting, improving O&M, and
monitoring and evaluation (M&E).

10
 status in 2014 Total Surface Asset Irrigation Inventored
595,677 Ha or 8%

Total Surface Asset Irrigation

• The Irrigation Asset Management Information 7,145,168 Ha

System (IAMIS) was obsolete and unused:

- Rigid desktop Borland software, not web-based

- Field surveys were done with paper, leading to

lengthy data entry and errors

- Protocols to centralize information were

cumbersome and didn’t work

• As a result, only a fraction of the assets were

inventoried in electronic format (595,677 ha out of
7,1 million ha)

• O&M budgets were not formulated with accurate

information and were politically driven rather than
based on technical ground

• The regulatory framework for O&M was weak and

incentives low Surface Irrigation Area Uncovered
6,549,491 Ha or 92%

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 2015 Reform STRENGTHEN O&M PROCESSES &
FARMERS PARTICIPATION

• The Ministry of Public Works and Housing issued a set of • Permen PUPR No.08.PRT/M/2015
regulations to strengthen O&M processes and farmers
Irrigation Right of Way
participation in O&M
• Permen PUPR No.12/PRT/M/2015
• A regulation lay out the data required for asset
Exploitation and Maintenance of Irrigation
management, irrigation performance, and preparation of
needs based budget (NBB) for O&M • Permen PUPR No.14/PRT/M/2015
Irrigation Schemes
• Technology was made more accessible for surveying assets
and manage data: • Permen PUPR No.17/PRT/M/2015
Irrigation Commission
- Remote sensing: satellite images, Light Detection and
Ranging (LIDAR) • Permen PUPR No.23/PRT/M/2015
Irrigation Asset Management
- Automatic recognition software to extract assets from
images • Permen PUPR No.30/KPTS/M/2015
Development & Management of Irrigation System
- Web based and geospatial database
• Letter of SESKAB No.B-195/Seskab/Ekon/4/2017
- Android applications Single Management of Irrigation

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13
 IPDMIP
Integrated Participatory Development and Management of Irrigation Project

A RESULTS-BASED APPROACH TO INCENTIVIZE O&M

TOWARDS GREATER SUSTAINABILITY OF IN IRRIGATION AND
DRAINAGE INVESTMENTS

• $500 million ADB loan (results-based lending), $100 million

ASEAN Infrastructure Fund, committed in July 2017 to
implement a $1.68 billion program.
• Financing a time and geographic slice of the government’s 2015-
2025 irrigation improvement program.
• Improving performance of 2.9 million hectares of irrigation
systems, in 74 districts across 16 provinces by:
- Supporting participatory irrigation management
- Improving irrigation asset management systems
- Promoting needs-based budgeting (NBB) for O&M
- Strengthening and improving the capacity of water users’
associations and irrigation commissions
- Upgrading engineering and planning guidelines for
irrigation infrastructure to improve water efficiency and
climate resilience, and facilitate integrated irrigation and
agriculture development
- Rehabilitating irrigation infrastructure

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THE PROGRAM AREA • PROGRAM AREA

COVERS 74 DISTRICS ACROSS 16 PROVINCES

1.227.845
2.99 M Ha 1.252.126
42,61%
41,78% 13,193 DIs 182 DIs
386 DIs

458.606
15,61%
12.625 DIs

Central Province District

• IRRIGATION SCHEEMS
1.105.934

921.600

370.948
330.526

87.658 121.911

Surface Lowland Surface Lowland Surface Lowland

Central Province District

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 INTRODUCING
INOVATION & TECHNOLOGY

The program will also introduce innovations:

• Upgrading the irrigation asset management

information system (IAMIS) to a web-based and
geospatial interface to facilitate data
management;

• Introducing aerial surveys to reduce costs and

improve the quality of the asset registry;

• Preparing water accounting using satellite data to

predict water availability and adjust engineering
design;

• Pilot testing water productivity measurement as

a future vehicle for policy making and improving
water security; and

• Improving standards for engineering design to

integrate infrastructure, agriculture, and climate
resilience.

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17
ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGY

• Pilot testing of bathymetric Light Detection and Ranging

(LiDAR) technology to survey irrigation network helped
conducted to:

- Develop methodologies to conduct irrigation asset

inventory
- Develop technical specifications for surveying large
irrigation areas in Indonesia
- Test robustness of bathy LiDAR for irrigation and tropical
country (in partnership with LEICA)
Financed through the Water Financing Partnership Facility
• LiDAR technology has been adopted by government to
Topography and Bathymetry Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and Digital
support inventory and engineering works for irrigation Aerial Photography (DAP) for Irrigation Pilot Project in Kebumen, Java, 2018.
assets and is being expanded to the flood risk management The survey was taken to assess LiDAR Bathymetry efficiency for irrigation
specifically primary, secondary and tertiary canals in Kebumen, Java, Indonesia
sector. under tropical weather and water turbidity levels conditions.

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19
UPGRADING - IRRIGATION ASSETS
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
E-PAKSI (Elektronik Pengelolaan Aset
Irigasi /PAI dan Kinerja Sistem Irigasi/
IKSI) has been implemented from 2018
as part of the Smart Water
Management implementation through
the digital transformation of the
Irrigation Asset Management System
(ex-IAMIS) by the Directorate General
of Water Resources (DGWR) MPWH.
E-PAKSI supports the irrigation asset
inventories as well as their
performance to improve water
delivery, O&M services, and facilitate
better planning and budgeting.
Combining user-friendly Android and
Internet 4.0 technologies, E-PAKSI has
been designed to be integrated within
a "big data" warehouse system in
DGWR.
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• Web based using internet 4.0
technologies
• Based on cloud computing system,
minimized the use of data storage
• Real Time with accurate map location
supported with Geospatial Technology,
2.9 million ha surveyed in 1 year
• Comprehensive Asset Irrigation Data
with detailed information for each
infrastructure
• User friendly interface on android
devices
• Once the irrigation asset data
inventoried, the irrigation performance
index is automatically calculated
• O&M budgets to be formulated with
accurate information
INTEGRATING:
IRRIGATION ASSETS INFORMATION MANAGEMENT & PERFORMANCE SYSTEM

• ASSETS LOCATION • ASSETS CONDITION

• ASSETS DIMENTION • CROPS PRODUCTIVITY

E-PAKSI
Irrigation Asset Management
PAI One Platform for Irrigation IKSI Irrigation Performance

Asset Management &

Performance System
• IRRIGATION SCHEME • WUA INSTITUTION

• DOCUMENTATION

• OTHER FACILITIES

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 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE • WEB PAGE SINGLE WINDOW

• Asset Inventory and Performance

PERFORMANCE
Assessment MODULE

• User Friendly Application for Android

E-PAKSI
• Geotagging & Documenting Irrigation Assets

SYNCRONIZE
DATA TO THE
SERVER

ASSET
MANAGEMENT
MODULE

FIELD SURVEY DATA COLECTING DATA ANALYSIS & MONITORING

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INTEGRATION INTO THE BROADER
INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR NEED BASED
BUDGETING/NBB • INPUTS AKNOP
COSTS IDR

NBB

• INPUTS e-PAKSI / SIEDI • OUTPUTS • Dashboard NBB

AKNOP

DASHBOARD
• OUTPUTS
IAMIS
(Android + Web)
+ WUA • DSF: Decision
• Dashboard O&M (SIPOPI) Support
- Dashboard IAMIS Feature
- Dashboard WUA (Rehab / OM)
• Dashboard SIEDI
SIEDI
(IRRIGATION OM REHAB
PLANNING
MODULE) • OUTPUTS DSF

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 link E-PAKSI : http://epaksi.sda.pu.go.id/

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E-PAKSI DASHBOARD

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FIELD SURVEYS: THE ANDROID APPLICATION
Set on Android-based phone devices, E-PAKSI is user-friendly for non-engineer staff doing fields data
surveys and collecting information from farmers.

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Benefits :
• User friendly interface. Installed in mobile phone devices,
the E-PAKSI application for asset irrigation inventory
survey is easy to use by non-engineering staff.
• Participatory, farmers involved in surveys. The application
allows farmer’s participation to be more involved in
monitoring and reporting the malfunctioning irrigation
infrastructures.
• Detailed information for each infrastructure.
• Led to change in regulation: updated data is mandatory
for districts to access rehabilitation budget.

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 E-PAKSI •
•
Android app. 6+ and an Open-Source National Web System with multi-layers dashboards
Asset Inventories and Performance Management

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• Georeferenced irrigation infrastructure and pictures: Networks and assets (SKEMA)
• Online/Offline (Android)
• Budgeting Support (AKNOP): Rehabilitation / O&M

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OUTPUTS

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OUTPUTS

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EXPAND ANALYSIS : Overlay with water productivity maps and other relevant layers

• BANTARHEULANG SCHEME (CIAMIS, BANJAR, CILACAP)-

1,498 Ha

E-PAKSI can be expanded to be integrated with other

water resources and agricultural relevant layers. The
sample analysis of irrigation schemes compiled data
for D.I Bantarheulang (Ciamis, Banjar, Cilacap)
combined with multi layer data as follow;
• IKSI performance,
• Status of Rehabilitation output & outcome,
• Budget allocation for O&M based on AKNOP,
• Cropping Intensity per sub-district (from National
Institute of Aeronautics and Space of
Indonesia/LAPAN) in Map,
• Productivity (table) from National Statistic
Agency/BPS (in cooperation BPS, LAPAN, and
Ministry of Agriculture).

Productivity (Kw/Ha) Legend

0-40 Kw/ Ha Infrastructure Irrigation
40-45 Kw/Ha Canal
45-50 Kw/Ha Service Area / Paddy Field
50-55 Kw/Ha Sub Distict Boundary
55-60 Kw/Ha
60-65 Kw/Ha
Kilometers
65-70 Kw/Ha 0 0,25 0,5 1 1,5 2

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AGRICULTURE DATA

• IKSI PERFORMANCE • CROPPING INTENSITY TREND PER SUB-DISTRICT

IKSI PERFORMANCE Primary Tertiary Total

300%
2019 74,32 70,26 73,51
250%
• STATUS OF REHABILITATION OUTPUT & OUTCOME 200%
REHABILITATED Output (m) Outcome (Ha) 150%
2017 15.890 196
2018 4.600 620 100%

50%
• BUDGET ALLOCATION FOR O&M BASED ON AKNOP 0%
CISAGA PURWAHARJA DAYEUHLUHUR AVERAGE
O&M BUDGET 2017 210% 201% 196% 202%
AKNOP O&M %
RBO's
2018 181% 144% 216% 180%
2017 22.457.519.000 21.093.835.000 94% 2019 213% 100% 244% 186%
2020 213% 144% 207% 188%
2018 26.864.290.000 21.666.711.000 81% CROPPING INTENSITY TREND (source: SIKATAM)

2019 34.407.975.000 29.680.214.000 86%

2020 66.974.185.441 23.969.966.000 36%

• PRODUCTIVITY

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 IMPROVED REGULATIONS 2.9 MILLION HA UPDATED INTERFACE
FOR O&M SURVEYED UNDER IPDMIP AND ANNUAL SURVEY

2010 2017-18 2020

2015 2019 2021

• INTEGRATION PAI-IKSI
GUIDELINES LEGALIZED DATA ANALYSIS AND
DEVELOPMENT
• DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM & ANNUAL SURVEY
PDSDA-PAI
IMPLEMENTATION
• NATIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING
PROGRESS: 2.7 Million Ha Surveyed in 1 Year

92%
TARGET PAI & IKSI ACHIEVED IN 1 YEAR

IKSI ASSESED : ± 2,7 Milion Ha/11.372 DI

IKSI
PAI SURVEYED : ± 2,7 Milion Ha

PAI
TARGET SURVEYED : ± 2,9 Milion Ha/13.000 DI

TARGET

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 • RESULT • LESSONS LEARNT • WHAT’S NEXT

The result of E-PAKSI implementation: Increase beneficiaries’ participation • Robust legal basis and
commitment to shift from
• The system is fully operational since • WhatsApp for farmer to report deferred maintenance to proper
2019 damages and connect to E-PAKSI O&M are needed
• Simplify the performance
• Provide a good basis for NBB parameters • Technology should consider
preparation-NBB module is being existing practices, processes and
Expand analysis capacity
developed
• Overlay with water productivity
• Help prioritizing rehabilitation maps and other relevant layers • Technology can not fix all, but help
• Provide more detailed analysis in the process
budget and O&M budget especially
with other irrigation parameters
during fiscal pressure • Broaden the approach to other • This is not a one-off exercise but a
sectors long-term commitment towards
• Help to better understand the
improved O&M
volume of assets and to legalize
them

• The system is updated on an annual

basis

36
Field survey of irrigation assets through
E-PAKSI in Kabupaten Barito Utara. Doc. Field survey of irrigation assets through E-PAKSI in Kabupaten Jombang, East Java.
DPUPR Kabupaten Barito Utara Doc. AdminMemo Expos 17 May 2020

Field visit and E-PAKSI training in Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Serayu Opak Doc. Field survey of irrigation assets through E-PAKSI in Provisi Gorontalo. Doc. DPUPR
BBWS Serayu Opak 21 June 2020 25 March 2021

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ACHIEVING IMPACT AT SCALE