Educational Planning

Planning

• Planning is the intellectual anticipation of

possible future situations, the selection of
desirable situations to be achieved (objectives)
and the determination of relevant actions that
need to be taken in order to reach those
objectives at a reasonable cost.
Planning
Planning is the
function that
determines in
advance what
should be done
Haimann
Planning
……….implies the
taking of decisions for
future action with a
view of achieving pre-
determined
objectives through
the optimum use of
resources
 A Plan …… taking decisions for future actions

a direction is mapped
an exercise of optimization
of resources

decisions about what,

why & how to do it

a bridge of gap

the directions are specified

is a product of planning process
It comprehends of
Development of Not limited to the
all ages, races &
individual classroom
groups

Education
means
Also indicates values, The aim of education
Provides skills and
fostering right is to complete
knowledge
attitudes and habits human development
Educational Planning
Is the application of rational,
….

systematic analysis to the

Process of educational
development with the aim of
making education more
Effective and efficient in
Responding to the needs and
goals of its students and
society
Approaches to Educational Planning
Educational issues
Quality, experts, data

Political Technical School Mapping

Parties which have interest Planning Planning
in education Micro planning
Geographical location of the school

Bottom-Top
Social Demand Top-Down
according to the demand of ten society
Fulfill to need of all level of education

Manpower or Human
Big Maintaining Resource Development
School Curriculum
Change the system Need based
Examination System Skill based
Importance of Planning
• Focuses attention on objectives and
result
• Reduces uncertainty and risk
• Provides sense of direction
• Encourages innovation and creativity
• Helps in co-ordination
• Guides decision-making
• Provides efficiency in operation
• Improve employees’ Morale
• Facilitates controlling
 Why Planning is needed ?
It helps in the
Is emphasizes
establishment
on the
of It help s as
organizational
It enhances the organizational measurement
objectives
decision making direction of the
process accomplishment

It pushes
manager or
It helps anger leader to
to be future coordinate
oriented their decision

The benefits and

importance of
Planning
Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2035
The Main Step in Planning Process
Define the task

Identify Resources

Consider alternative

Create the planning

work the plan

Educational Planning Dimension
1. Significance 9. Subject matter
5. Parsimonious Main subjects matter must be drafted
How far it is significant or influential towards the The developed plan needs to be moderated & thoroughly & controlled so that each planning
social interest – that are related to the not too complex to be understood or carried out will achieve the desire results.
educational objective
i. Objective & aim
ii. Programme & implementation
iii. Human resource
iv. Physical resource needs
2. Feasibility 6. Adaptability v. Budget
The use of available technique as well as budget Dynamic characteristic and able to change vi. Ruling
that is allocated must be seen as realistic or according to the needs by re-evaluating the vii. social
achievable available information & data

7. Time
3. Relevance The allocation of time due to the time
Appropriateness that absolutely accepted limitations. The time required to plan,
relying on the implementation of educational implement and evaluate in an educational
planning planning

4. Definitiveness 8. Monitoring
The use of simulation technique to establish Ensure periodic and continuous observation is
planning by using dummy variables. This is done necessary to ensure the planning runs smoothly
to minimize the undesirable outcomes and efficiently
 Educational Planning Process
Monitoring the
planning that is
carried out, evaluate
Through Preparing
Ensure that the Identify the It is done when the planning ,
Listing
Listing out
out the
the stimulation suggested plan..
overall & sub-scope general needs or every problem is solving, changing,
problem,
problem, method, gaining acceptance
selected is needs of the identified and designing &
Comparison
Comparison assessment will be
understood, data community and reported from time adapting…
between
between reality
reality &
& planned according
and information is ruler… Identify the to time, which is
hope,
hope, to the needs and
collected, organized purpose related to the
Sufficient
Sufficient resource,
resource, trends as well as to
& processed education
Identifying
Identifying the
the choose a relevant Implementation
..method to be used plan Evaluation
functional
functional & &
essential parts
essential parts Implementation

Planning
Identification
Evaluation

Conceptual

Research Scope
Analysis
Definition of
Problem
Basic Strategic Questions, Corresponding Planning Stage and Activities
Questions
Where do we today
Where would we like to be in the future?
Which direction do we adopt?
How shall we get there
…. at what pace
…. at what cost
…. through which specific measures
Are we moving to the right direction
Which adjustments are needed
Planning Stage and activities
Diagnosis analyzing the current situation in the
sector and its environment
Policy formulation Choice of goals and strategies
Planning target and plan operationalization defining
precise objectives and the ways and means of
attaining them
Monitoring measuring and evaluating progress and
taking corrective action
Limitation of Planning
• Lack of accurate information
• Time & Cost
• Resistance to change
• Lack of ability to plans
• False sense of security
• Environmental constraints