Physical and Financial Decrease of Fixed Assets Are

PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL DECREASE OF FIXED ASSETS are:
1.Write-off of fixed assets
2.Sale of fixed assets ( primjeri su u materijalu „Increase of fixed assets „
3.Reclasiffication of assets for sale and discontinued opeartions in accoradance to IFRS 5
4.Given donation of fixed assets
5..Destruction of fixed in a natural disaster
6.Depreciation of fixed assets (this is only a financial decrease)
7..Shortage of tangible fixed assets (in the case of intangible fixed assets there can be no shortage)
8.. Impairment of fixed assets (this is only a financial decrease( IAS 36)
9.Exchange for settlement of liabilities ( davanje fixed assets za izmirenje obaveza) and replacement
for another asset(zamjena za drugo sredstvo)
10.
1.Write off of fixed assets
which have a book value and are in the balance sheet in class 0- when they are no longer in use, due
to obsolescence, failure or because no longer expected inflow of future economic benefits from these
assets are written off , and first we have to calculate and record depreciation for current period ( od
01.01 do kraja mjeseca u kome se dogadja poslovna transakcija) and after we have to close the
accounts of fixed assets and value adjustment by recording their balances on the opposite side and
difference is recorded on the expenses –account 570 and these assets are usually transferred to the
off-balance sheet records on accounts 888 and 898
888 1
898 1
by writing off the asset, it no longer has a value, - its value is zero, and the number 1 is entered in the
off-balance sheet as the record value
EXAMPLE 1:
We decided to write off the machine in February of the current year.Machine in the opening balance of
the current year had historical value of 50.000 KM, and written off the value (value adjustment) of
30.000 KM. The depreciation rate is 12%. We recorded machine in the off balance sheet
022-Machine 0228-Value adjustment of machine
Ba50000 50000(1b) 30000Ba 1.1
1000 (1a)
(1b)31000 31000 Ba
Depreciation for current period = ( 50000 x12 % x2 months ) : 12 = 1000
Book entries :
Decription Amount Debit Credit

No
1a 540 1000
0228 1000
For depreciation of current
period
1b 0228 31000
022 50000
For written off the machine 570 19000
EXAMPLE 2:
We decided to write off the machine in February of the current year,.Machine had purchase value of
50.000 KM, and written off the value (value adjustment) of 31.000 KM. The depreciation rate is 12%.
We recorded machine in the off balance sheet
022-Machine 0228-VA of machine

Ba 50.000 50000 (1b) (1b)31000 31000 Ba 28.02
Depreciation for current period = ( 50000 x12 % x2 months ) : 12 = 1000 KM

Book entries :

No
1a 540 1000
0228 1000
For depreciation
1b 0228 31000
022 50000
570 19000
For written off the machine
1c 888 1
898 1
For transfer in off balance
sheet
Example 3:
We decided to write off the machine in February of the current year with acquisition value of 50.000
KM. Machine was used in drive A from January 2015 or put in use in December 2014. The depreciation
rate is 12%. We recorded machine in the off balance sheet (Current period 01.01- 31.12.2020)

Ba 50.000 50000 (1b) 30000 Ba 1.1.2020
1000 (1a)
(1b)31000
Ba of 0228 ( from 1.1.2015-31.12.2019 or 5 years x12 = 60 months) = (50000x60 months x12 % ) : 12

=30000----ovo se ne knjiži
Depreciation for current period = (50.000 x12 % x2 months) : 12 = 1000----ovo se knjiži
Book entries :

No
1a 540 1000
For depreciation of current 0228 1000
period
1b 0228 31000
022 50000
For written off the machine 570 19000
1c 888 1
898 1
For transfer in off balance
sheet
Nakon rashodovanja i prenosa fixed assets in off balance sheet ta sredstva vise nemaju vrijednost tj
vrijednost im je nula i kada naše sredstvo jednom dobije vrijednost nula nikakvim daljim ulaganjima,
investiranjem remontima-investment, remount, adaption, reinforcement, significant overhaul of
assets i slično ne može dobiti novu vrijednost. Svi izdaci na sredstvu in off balance sheeti se knjiže na
costs- account 532
Ovaj konto se inače koristi za knjižene izdataka u vezi sa repair of assets
Example
We made remount of machine which was already written of 100 % in the last year and received invoice
for remount in the amount of 1000 KM+VAT. After remount machine was put into function in August
of this year.
Book entries :

No
1 Costs of maintenance service 532 1000
270 170
432 1170
For received invoice
Example
We received invoice for repair of machine in amount 1000 KM+VAT
Book entries :

No
532 1000
For received invoice for repair 270 170
432 1170
Repair od fixed assets from balance sheet, repair of small inventory, repair and remount of assets
from off balance sheet is recorded on account 532-Costs of maintenance service
Adaptation, reconstruction, investment, remount of fixed assets from balance sheet( assets with
book value) is recorded like purchase and increase value of assets
We made remount of machine which acquisition value is 100.000 KM and value adjustment is 70.000
and received invoice for remount in amount 2000 KM+VAT.After remount asseis is put in use

No
1a 025 2000
270 340
For received invoice 432 2340
1b 022 2000
For put in use 025 2000
For put in use
3.Reclassification of Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
(GROUP 14) - IFRS 5
573-Losses from sale of fixed assets reclassified for sale
673-Gains on sale of fixed assets reclassified for sale
588-Expenses(Losses) from impairment of fixed assets intended for sale
On accounts of group 14 we record assets (intangible assets, land, buildings, plant and equipment of
investment property, biological assets and other fixed assets) that were previously used for business
in class 0 and based on the decision on sale are transferred from Class 0 to the appropriate accounts
of group 14. This group of assets should be distinguished from real estate and other fixed assets that
werey acquired with the intention of resale (eg account 131- Real estate purchased for resale)
In order for an asset to be classified as an asset held for sale, the following conditions must be met:
-the book value will be mainly recovered through sales
-the asset should be available for immediate sale in its current condition
The sale must be very probable
-the deadline for the sale must be shorter than one year, the extension of the deadline is exceptional
and that is when there is an objective obstacle but not the fault of the owner of the asset
-this property must not be intended for write-off
ONE OF THE BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THIS CATEGORY OF ASSETS IS NOT TO BE
DEPRECIATED
Prior to the classification of assets held for sale, the fair value less costs to sell is measured and the
asset in group 14 is recorded at either the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, whichever is
lower.
The reclassification of assets held for sale is recorded as follows
- the asset that we reclassify is debited from Class 0 so we close the account of the asset in use and
their value adjustment if it is subject to depreciation calculation.
-on the accounts from 140-146 on the debit side we record the purchase value of the asset
(depending on which type of asset we reclassify)
- to account 149 on credit side we record either the balance of value adjustments or the difference
between historical cost and fair value less costs to sell depending on whether the carrying amount is
less than or higher than the fair value less costs to sell and because of that we have two situations
1) If the fair value less the cost of sales is higher than the book value - on account 149 on C we
record the value adjustment balance and in this case we have no expenses (account 588)
2) If the fair value less cost of sales is less than the book value - on account 149 on C we record
the difference between Historical (Acquisition or Purchase value) - Fair value less costs to sell and
then we will have a balance sheet n
Example 1
06/01. Warehouse with a historical value of 100,000 KM and a written-off value of 30,000 KM on
January 1 of the current year was reclassified for sale in accordance with IFRS 5.Warehouse was
sold to customer A for 75000 KM----211 D .Depreciation rate is 2 %
021-Warehouse 0218-Value adjustment of warehouse

Ba 100000 100000(1b) 30000 Ba 01.01
167 (1a)
(1b)30167 30.167 Ba
142-Building intended for sale 149-Value adjustmet of building inteneded for sale
100.000(1c) (1c)30167 30167 (1b)
(1b)100.000
Depreciation for current period ( 01.01-31.01) = (100.000 x 1 months x2 % ) : 12 =166,6667 = 167-----
540 (D) i 0218 ( C)
Book value = 100.000-30.167 = 69.833
Fair value ( or sold value) = 75000
Book value je manja of Fair value less costs to sale i tada na account 149 na C evidentiramo Balance
of Value adjustment i u ovom slučaju nemamo razliku u knjiženju
Book entries :

No
1a 540 167
0218 167
For calculated depreciation
1b 142 100.000
149 30167
021 100.000
0218 30167
For reclasiffied assets for sale
1c 211 75.000
149 30167
142 100.000
Gains on sale of fixed assets 673 5.167
reclassified for sale
For sold warehouse

Example 2
06/01.2020. Warehouse with a historical value of 100,000 KM was reclassified for sale in
accordance with IFRS 5.Warehouse was used in drive A from January 2005 (or put in use in
December 2004) Depreciation rate is 2 %
Kada se ne navede ni fair value ni sold value tada na 149 na C evideniramo balance of value
adjustment I nemamo razliku
021-Warehouse 0218-VA of warehouse

Ba 100.000 100.000(1b) 30000 Ba 01.01.2020
167 (1a)
1b) 30167 Ba 30167
142-Building intended for sale 149—VA of building inteneded for sale

30167 (1b)
(1b)100.000
Ba on 01.01,2020 = ( 01.01.2005-31.12.2019=15 years x12 months=180 months
= (100.000 x 2 % x180 months) : 12 =30.000---OVO SE NE
KNJIŽI JER JE TO REZULTATA PROVEDENIH KNJIŽENJA U PREHTODNIH 15 GODINA
Depreciation for current period = ( 100.000 x 2 % x1 month) : 12 =166,666 =
167 -----OVA DEPRECIATION SU UVIJEK KNJIŽI
Book entries :

No
1 540 167
0218 167
2 142 100.000
149 30.167
021 100.000
For reclasiffied warehose for 0218 30167
sale
Fair value and sales value mogu biti različite i ako se jedna od te dvije vrijednosti izostavi onda je Fair
= Sales value
Example 3
Land with a book value of 20,000 KM was reclassified for sale.Fair value less cost of sale is 22.000
KM.Land was sold. ( podrazumjeva se da je sold value 22.000 KM------211 D (1b)
Land -----Book value = Acquistion value ( historical cost or purchased value)
020 -Land
Ba 20.000 20.000 (1a)
141-Land intended for sale

20.000 (1b)
(1a)20.000
Book value = 20.000—ovu vrijednost moramo imati na grupi 14
Fair value = 22.000
Book entries :

No
1a 141 20.000
020 20.000
For reclasiffied land for sale
1b 211 22.000
141 20.000
Gains from sale assets 673 200
intended for sale
Example 4
Land with a book value of 20,000 KM was reclassified for sale.Fair value less cost of sale is 18.000
KM.Land was sold (Sold value = 18.000 KM-----211 D)
020---Land
Ba 20.000 20.000(1a)
141-Land intended for sale 149-VA of land intended for sale Ba grupe 14 = 20.000-2000= 18000
(1a)20000 20.000(1b) (1b) 2000 2000(1a)
Book value = 20.000
Fair value = 18.000----manja vrijednost moramo imati na kontima grupe 14 tj na 149 na C se
evidentira razlika Acquistion value (book value) –Fair value ; 20.000-18000 = 2000 I tada imamo
razliku na accountu 588-Expenses from impairment of fixed assets intended for sale
Book entries :

No
1a 141 20000
149 2000
020 20000
Expenses of impairment of 588
fixed assets intended for sale
1c 211 18000
149 2000
141 20.000
For sold land
Example 5
Land with a book value of 20,000 KM was reclassified for sale..Land was sold for 16.000 KM---211 D
020-Land
20Ba 20.000(1a)
20.000
141-Land intended for sale 149—VA of land intended for sale

(1a)20.000 20.000 (1b) (1b) 4000 4000(1a)
Book value = 20.000
Sold value = 16000-----na kontima grupe 14 moramo imati vrijednost 16000 tj na accountu 149 na C
evidentiramo razliku 20.000-16000= 4000

Book entries :

No
1a 141 20000
149 4000
020 20.000
588 4000
For reclasiffied land for sale
1b 211 16000
149 4000
For sold land 141 20.000
Example 4
06/03. Equipment with acquisition value of 100.000 KM and written off value 30.000 KM ( from
opening balance) was reclassified for sale in accordance with IFRS 5. Equipment was sold for
58.500 with VAT included.( 58500 : 1,17 = 50.000 KM +VAT )Depreciation rate is 12 %
50.000 KM = Fair value less cost of sale = Sold value
Book value = 100.000-33.000= 67000
Fair value = 50.000-----ova vrijednost mora se dobiti na accountima 143 I 149----( account 149 C =
Acquistion value –Fair value = 100.000-50.000 = 50000----149 C
022-Equipment 0228-VA of equipment

Ba100.000 100.000(1b) 30.000 Ba 01.01
3000 ( 1a) --1.1-30.03
Ba 33.000 33.000 Ba
143-Equipment intended for sale 149-Value adjustment of equipment

(1b)100.000 100.000(1c) (1c)50.000 50.000 ( 1b)
INVOICE .
1.Selling value 50.000-----ne knjižimo

2.VAT 8.500----470 C
3.Selling value +VAT 58.500----211 D
Depreciation for current period = (100.000 x12 % x 3 months) : 12 =3000---se knjiži
Book value = 100.000-33.000=67000
Fair vaklue = = 50.000-------ovu vrijednost moramo dobiti na grupi 14 tj na accountu
149 C evidentiramo razliku = 100.000-50.000 = 50.000
Book entries :

No
1a 540 3.000
0228 3.000
1b 143 100.000
149 50.000
0228 33.000
022 100.000
588 17.000
For reclasiffied equipment for
sale
1c 211 58500
470 8.500
149 50.000
For sold equipment 143 100.000
4.GIVEN DONATION OF FIXED ASSETS
In the case of assets that are in the VAT system (for everything except for land and buildings), the
donor has liabilities for VAT at fair value of donated assets.. If the asset is 100% written off and
recorded in off-balance sheet records, we have a VAT liability that is calculated on the fair value of
the donated asset. Liabilities for VAT is recorded to account 472 C and expenses from donation to
account 570 d ( for donated fixed assets for balance sheet) and to account 579 D (for donated
fixed assets from off balance sheet)
In the case of donation of land and building sales tax on immovable property (5 %) is paid by
recipient of the donation.
470---Liabilities for VAT for business purposes ( sale for cash; change for other assets; exchange for
Settlement of liabilities
472-Liabilities for VAT for own consumption and for non-business purposes-- ( own consumption ---
issued material in construction of building ; non business-given donation, shortage)
Za land and building nećemo obračunati sales tax on immovable property ako u tekstu promjene ne
navede da davaoc donacije ima liabilities for sales tax on immovable property. I kod primjema
donacija u land and building ako u tekstu ne navede da primaoc donacije imam liabilities for sales tax
ne obračunavamo tax
Kod prijema donacije iz inostranstva samo u tom slučaju primaoc donacije ima liabilities for VAT---
472 C
Donation of assets from balance sheet records that are in the VAT system
1)
540 X
Value adjustment od assests X
For depreciation of current period
2)
Value adjustment of assets X
Assets X
472 X
570 X
For donated assets
Donation of land from the balance sheet
570 X
020 X
Donation of a building from the balance sheet
1)
540 X
0218 X
2)
0218 X
021 X
570 X
Donation of assets from off-balance sheet records
1)
579 X
472 X
For donations from off-balance sheet records
2)
898 1
888 1
For removed assets from off balance sheet
Example
We donated a machine in May of the current year whose purchase value is 50.000 KM and the
written-off value is 40.000 KM on 01.01. of current year.Depreciation rate = 12 %
022-Machine (equipment) 0228-VA of machine

Ba50.000 50000(1b) 40.000 Ba 01.01
2500 (1a)
(1b)42500 42500 Ba 31.05
Depreciation for current period( 01.01-31.05) = (50.000 x5 months x 12 % ): 12 = 2500---540 (D) I
0228 (C)
Book value = Acquisition (historical, purchased, invoiced) value –Value adjustment
BV = 50.000-42500 = 7500
Liabilities for VAT = 7500 x17 % = 1275------------472 C
570---Losses from given donation ( Book value +VAT= 7500+1275) = EXPENSES

Book entries :

No
1a 540 2500
0228 2500
1b 0228 42500
022 50.000
Liabilities for VAT 472 1.275
570 8775
For given donation
Example –donated land
We donated land with a book value of 20.000 KM. ( nemamo liabilities for sales tax jer nije navedeno
da donator ima obavezu)
020-Land
Ba20.000 20.000(1a)
Book entries :

No
1a 570 20.000
020 20.000
For given donation
Example –donated building (warehouse)---nemamo liabilities for sales tax
We donated a warehouse in April whose acquisition value is 100,000 KM, and value adjustment is
70,000 at the time of donation.. The estimated useful life of the warehouse is 50 years.Depreciation
rate is 2 %
021-Buildings 0218-Value adjustment of buildings

Ba 100.000 100.000(1b) (1b)70.000 70000 Ba 30.04
Depreciation for current period ( 1.1.-30.4) = ( 100.000 x4 monthsx2 % ) : 12 = 666,666 = 667
Book entries :

No
1a 540 667
0218 667
1b 0218 70000
021 100.000
570 30.000
For given donation
Example –donated building (warehouse) with liabilities for sales tax 5 %
We donated a warehouse in April whose acquisition value is 100,000 KM, and value adjustment is
70,000 at the time of donation. We pay liabilities for sales tax on immovable property 5 %. The
estimated useful life of the warehouse is 50 years .Depreciation rate is 2 %
021-Buildings 0218-Value adjustment of buildings

Ba 100.000 100.000 (1b) (1b)70.000 70000 Ba 30.04
Depreciation for current period ( 1.1.-30.4) = ( 100.000 x4 monthsx2 % ) : 12 = 666,666 = 667
Liabilities for sales tax = Book value x5 % = (100.000-70.000)x5 % = 1500----482 C
Book entries :

No
1a 540 667
0218 667
1b 0218 70.000
021 100.000
482 1500
Expenses for donation 570 31.500
For given donation
EXAMPLES OF DONATING ASSETS FROM OFF-BALANCE SHEET RECORDS----579-Other expenses
1)We donated a machine from off balance sheet records with fair value was 10.000 KM.
888 889
Ba 1 1(1b) (1b)1 1 Ba
Liabilities for Vat = 10.000 x17 % =1700-----579 (D) I 472 (C)

Book entries :

No
1a Other expenses 579 1700
472 1700
For calculated VAT
1b 898 1
888 1
For closing off balance sheet
accounts
2)We donated small inventory from off balance sheet records whose fair value is 1000 KM
888 898
Ba 1 1(1b) (1b)1 Ba 1
Liabilities for VAT = 1000 x17 % = 170----579(D) I 472 (C)

Book entries :
No
1a 579 170
472 170
For calculated VAT
1b 898 1
888 1
For closing accounts from off
balance sheet
3)We donated a machine from off balance sheet records
888 898
Ba 1 1(1a) (1a)1 Ba 1
Description Amount Debit Credit

No
1a 898 1
888 1
accounts
5.DESTRUCTION OF FIXED ASSETS IN ELEMENTAL DISASTER (FIRE, FLOOD, ETC.)----namamo tax
238 D -Other short term receivables (we record the amount of compensation for
damages from the insurance company)
Difference : 570 D- Losses from destruction or 679-Other revenues income (C) –
Examples
In the fire 100% of the warehouse was destroyed in May with historical value of 100.000
KM and written off the value of 40.000 KM (dates from opening balance ). The warehouse
was insured and the insurance company accepted to compensate the damage in the
amount of 50.000 KM-----238 D. Depreciation rate for warehouse is 2 %.We collected
payment from insurance company.
021---Warehouse 0218-VA of warehouse

Ba 100000 100.000 (1b) 40.000 Ba 1.1
833 ( 1a)
(1b)40833 40.833 Ba 31.5.
Depreciation for current period = (100.000 x 5 months x2 % ) : 12 = 833,3333--833

Book entries :

No
1a 540 833
0218 833
For calculated deoreciation
1b 0218 40833
021 100.000
Other short term receivables 238 50.000
Losses ( expenses) 570 9167
1c 200 50.000
238 50.000
For collected payment
2. In the fire 100% of the warehouse was destroyed in May with historical value of 60.000
KM and value adjustment of 40.000 KM on the day of the fire. ). The warehouse was
insured and the insurance company accepted to compensate the damage in the amount of
70.000 KM-----238 (D).Deprecaition rate for warehouse is 2 %
021 Warehouse 0218 VA of warehouse

Ba 60.000 60.000 (1b) (1b)40.000 40.000 Ba 31.5.
Depreciation of current period = ( 60.000 x5 months x 2 %) : 12 = 500---540 (D) I 0218 (c )

Book entries :

No
1a 540 500
0218 500
1b 238 70.000
0218 40.000
021 60.000
Other revenues 679 50.000
For destroyed in fire
3. In the fire, 30% of the warehouse was destroyed in June 2020 with a purchase value of
100.000 KM--- (100.000x30% = 30.000 KM). We purchased the warehouse on 05.03.2005
and put in use 15.05.2005. . No future economic benefit is expected from the destroyed part
.
of the warehouse Depreciation rate is 2 %
021-Warehouse 0218-VA of warehouse

Ba 30.000 30.000 (1b) 8750 Ba 1.1.
300 (1a)
(1b)9050 9050 Ba 30.06.2020
Balance of 0218 on 1.1.2020 = depreciation from 01.06.2005-31.12.2019=7 months
2005+(14 years (2006-2019) x 12 months) = 7+168= 175 months
Balance of 0218 on 1.1.2020 = (30.000 x175 months x2 % ) : 12 = 8750----OVO SE NE KNJIŽI A
DODAJEMO NA T ACCOUNT
Depreciation for current period (1.1-30.6) = (30.000x6 months x2 % ): 12 = 300---540(D) I
0218 (C)---UVIJEK KNJIŽIMO

Book entries :

No
1a 540 300
0218 300
1b 0218 9050
021 30.000
570 20.950
For destroyed warehouse
7.SHORTAGE OF FIXED ASSETS
Shortage of fixed assets is a rare and if the inventory shows a shortage we should first
check that it is not a missed recording for example : sales of fixed asset (as it is formal not
real shortage) or that it is not:
- the asset that we previously wrote off and transferred to the off-balance sheet records
-that we didn't rent that asset
- that we did not give that assets for repair, etc.
If it is a real shortage, then we always have a liability for VAT that is calculated on the book
value of the asset because we do not have permitted shortage for fixed assets
The shortage of fixed assets is recorded on expenses- account 576 D or on Receivables from
employees - account 232 D
1.Inventory of fixed assets at 31.12. of current year showed a shortage of equipment with
a purchase value of 10.000 KM and a written-off value of 2.,000 KM from the opening
balance. Depreciation rate is 10%. The shortage is recorded to expenses

Ba 10.000 10.000(1b) 2000 Ba 1.1
1000 (1a)
(1b)3000 3000 Ba 31.12.
Depreciation for current period (1.1-31.12) = ( 10.000 X 12 months x 10 % ) : 12 = 1000
Liabilities for VAT = Book value x 17 % = (10.000-3000) x 17 % = 7000x17 % = 1190----472 (C)

Book entries :

No
1a 540 1000
For calculated depreciation 0228 100
1b 0228 3000
022 10000
472 1190
Shortage –other expenses 576 8190
For shortage of equipment
2.The inventory of fixed assets on 31.12. of current year showed a shortage of equipment
with a acquisition value of 10.000 KM and a value adjustment of 2.000 KM on the day of
inventory. Depreciation rate is 10%. The employee is responsible for the shortage. We
collected the payment from employees

Ba 10.000 10.000 (1b) (1b)2000 2000 Ba 31.12
Depreciation for current period = (10.000 x12 months x 10 % ) : 12 = 1000
Liabilities for VAT = (10.000-2000) X 17 % = 8000 x17 % = 1360----472 C

Book entries :

No
1a 540 1000
0228 1000
period
1b 0228 2000
022 10000
472 1360
Receivables from employees 232 9360
For shortage
1c 200 9360
232 9360
For collection of payment
Example of formal shortage ---greška u knjiženju tj propušteno knjiženje of decrease
3.The inventory of fixed assets on 31.12of current year showed a shortage of equipment
with historical value of 10.000 KM and a written-off value of 2.000 KM form the opening
balance Depreciation rate is 10%. Subsequent verification established that this is not a real
but a formal shortage because we missed to record the sale of this equipment for 10.000
KM + VAT.
022_Equipment 0228-VA of equipment

Ba 10.000 10.000 (1b) 2000 Ba 1.1
1000 (1a)
(1b)3000 3000 Ba 31.12
ISSUED INVOICED
1 SV 10.000---ne knjižimo
2.VAT 1.700-----470 (C)
3.SV +VAT 11.700-----211 (d)
Difference :570( D) ili 670 (C)
Depreciation for current period = (10.000 x 12 months x 10 % ) : 12 = 1000

Book entries :

No
1a 540 1000
0228 1000
1b 211 11700
470 1700
0228 3000
022 10000
Gains from sale of fixed assets( 670 3000
revenues)
For sold equipment
8.IMPAIRMENT OF FIXED ASSETS-IAS 36
When there is evidence that a fixed asset is impaired, the legal entity should estimate the
recoverable amount of the asset or the expected future economic benefits from that assets.
We record impairment of assets if the recoverable amount is less than the carrying
amount(book value) of the fixed asset and in that case the book value is reduced by the
difference(:recoverable amount - book value) by using red cancellation method . If we do
not have revaluation reserves for that assets we record the loss from impairment of assets,-
account 580 D for intangible assets and 581 D for tangible assets.
In recording impairment of fixed assets, we distinguish the following situations:
1. If we previously had an increase in the carrying amount of the asset as a result of
revaluation and a revaluation reserve (account 330) is higher than the decrease in
the value of assets, the impairment is recorded as a decrease in revaluation reserve
to the amount of impairment (account 330 D) and we do not have expenses

2. If we previously had an increase in the carrying amount of the asset as a result of
revaluation and a revaluation reserve is less than the decrease in the value of assets,
the decrease is recorded as a decrease in revaluation reserve to balance zero and
the remaining difference is recorded in account 580 or 581 (D)
3. If we have not previously had an increase in the carrying amount of the asset as a result of
the revaluation, the impairment will be recorded to the expenses -account 580 or 581
Example: Impairment of intangible fixed assets
The purchase value of the software is 40.000 KM and the written-off value is 20.000 KM. (at
31.12)31.12.( Depreciation rate 10 % ) We estimated that the recoverable amount of the
software is 15.000 KM, so we made the necessary entries in the following cases:
014-Software 0148-VA of software

Ba40.000 20.000 Ba 31.12
1B
(a,b.c)(5.000)
Ba 35.000
Book value = 40.000-20.000= 20.000
Recoverable value = 15.000----manje knjižimo imapirment ( 20.000-15.000)= 5000
Depreciation for current period = (40.000x12 months x 10 % ) : 12 = 4000
a) We have a balance 15.000 KM on the account -Revaluation reserve -330 C
b) We have a balance 2000 KM on the account :Revaluation reserve-330 C

c) We do not have a revaluation reserve
Book entries :

No
1a 540 4000
0148 4000
period
1B a 014 (5000)
Revaluation reserve 330 5000
For impairment
1Bb 014 (5000)
330 2000
Losses from impairment of 580 3000
intangible fixed assets
1B c 014 (5000)
580 5000
For impairment
Example: Impairment of tangible intangible assets

Ba 100000 60000 Ba 31.12
2a,b,c(10.000)
Book value = 100.000-60.000 = 40.000
Recoverable value = 30.000-manje I knjiži se impairment (40.000-30.000) =
10.000
The acquisition value of the equipment 100.000 KM and the written-off value is 60.000 on
the day of impairment. (Depreciation rate 12 % ) 31/12 we estimated that the future
economic benefit from this equipment was 30.000 KM, so we made the necessary book
entries in the following cases:
a) We have a balance 15.000 KM on the account -Revaluation reserve -330 C
b) We have a balance 6000 KM on the account :Revaluation reserve-330 C
c) We do not have a revaluation reserve

Depreciation for current period = (100.000 X 12 % x12 months) : 12 = 12.000
Book entries :

No
1 540 12000
0228 12000
For depreciation
2a 022 (10.000)
330 10.000
For impairment
2b 022 (10.000)
330 6000
Losses from impairment of 581 4000
fixed assets
2c 022 (10.000)
581 10.000
EXCHANGE FOR SETTLEMENT OF LIABILITIES AND REPLACEMENT FOR ANOTHER ASSETS
A) Exchange for settlement of liabilities
U ovom slučaju dajemo vlastito stalno sredstvo ( tj prodajemo) ali za izmirenje naših obaveza tako da
se u knjiženju umjesto accounta 211 (D) evidenira 432 (D) ----iznos obaveze koja se izmiruje I ona se
navodi u tekstu promjene
Pošto se radi o prometu sredstva imamo liabilities for VAT za sva sredstva osim za land and building I
iznos liabilities for VAT je sadržana u iznosu liabilities I račuamo je primjenom preračunate VAT stope
Preračunata VAT stopa = ((100x17) : (100+17)) = 1700:117 = 14,5299145299 %
Preracunata stopa = (100xstopa) : (100 +stopa)=

Po unosu accounta 432(D) ; 022(C) 0228 (D) I 470 ( C) ako nam nedostaje iznos na D knjižimo accont
579---Other expenses a na C se knjiži account 679-------Other revenues
a) Ako dajemo sredstvo koje ima book value tj sredstvo iz blance sheet-a
432 X
0228 X
022 X
470 X
579 ili 679
b) Ako dajemo sredstvo iz off balance sheet-a 100 % written off tada knjižimo account 432(D) ;
470 ( C) I 679 (C) jer u ovom slučaju ne možemo imati account 579 jer ova sredstva nemaju
vrijednost
432 X
470 X
679 X
For settled liabilities
898 1
888 1
For closing off balance accounts
1) .The liability towards supplier in amount of 20000 KM we settled by giving the machine that acquired value was
40.000 KM and which 30 % were written off at the moment of delivering. This transaction was happened in
October of the current year.Depreciation rate for machine is 12 %
Ba40000 40.000(1b) (1b)12000 12000 Ba 31.10.
Depreciation for current period (1.1-30.10---10 months) = (40.000 x 12 % x 10 months) : 12 = 4000

No
1a 540 4000
0228 4000
For depreciation
1b 432 20.000
470 2906
0228 12.000
022 40.000
Other expenses 579 10906
Liabilities for VAT = 20.000 x14,529914252% = 2905,98= 2906-----470 C

20.000 : 1,17 = 17.094; VAT = 20.000-17094= 2906
2.The liability towards supplier in amount of 15000 KM we settled by giving the machine which was already 100 %
written off in the last year.
888-off balance sheet assests 898-off balance sheet liabilities
Ba 1 1(1b) (1b)1 1 Ba
470 = 15000x14,52991452 % = 2179,487 = 2179
15.000 : 1,17 = 12.821 ; VAT = 15000-12821 =

No
1a 432 15000
470 2179
Other revenues 679 12.821
1b 898 1
888 1
accounts
Replacement for another asset ( for purchased asset from supplier)
U ovom slučaju kupujemo assets tj dobivamo assets od suppliera I njemu dajemo svoj assets
( tj prodajemo ) I ovdje prvo treba knjižiti kupovinu a u drugom stavu knjižiti davanje naše
mašine gdje umjesto 211 (D) knjižimo 432 (D) jer davanjem assets mi izmirujemo nastalu
obavezu za dobiveno sredstvo

Kod kupovine(tj kod prijema sredstva) imamo Receivables for VAT (account 270) a kod
prodaje ( tj davanja) imamo Liabilities for VAT (account 470) I isti su iznosi na ova dva
accounta
a)if an asset from the balance sheet is given( asset with book value)
1)
025 x
270 X
432 X
For received asset
2)
022 X
025 X
For put in use
540 X
0228 X
For depreciation for current period for given assets
432 X
0228 X
022 X
470 X
579(D) ili 679(C) ------------------------ovo je difference koji se na kraju računa

b)if an asset from the off balance sheet is given( 100 % written off )
025 x
270 X
432 X
For received asset
2)
022 X
025 X
For put in use
For depreciation for current period for given assets
432 X
470 X
679 -------------------------X-ovo je difference koji se na kraju računa (ovdje ne može
biti account 579 jer 470 ne može biti veći od 432

1. In February we replaced a machine with net book value 10.000 KM and written off value 7000 KM by the date of
replacement, for a machine which invoiced value from the suppliers was 5400 KM with included VAT (5400 : 1,17
= 4615 KM+VAT.The machine has been placed in the function.Depreciation rate for machine12 %
022 0228
Ba 17000 17000(1d) (1d)7000 7000 Ba 28.02.
Book value = Acquisition value –VA
Acquisition value = Book value +VA
AV( Ba 022) = 10.000+7000= 17.000
Depreciation for current period ( 1.1-28.2---2 months ) = ( 17000 x2 months x12 % ) : 12 = 340

No
1a 025 4615
270 785
Suppliers 432 5400
For received machine
1b 022 4615
025 4615
For put in use
1c 540 340
For calculated depreciation 0228 340
1d 432 5400
470 785
0228 7000
022 17000
Other expense 579 5385
470 = 5400 x14,529914529% = 785
2. In February of current year replaced a machine from off balance account which purchase value was 10.000 KM
and it was 70 % depreciated before writing off in the previous year, for a machine which invoiced value from the
suppliers was 5000 KM with included VAT(5000 : 1,17 = 4274 KM +VAT.The machine has been placed in the
function.
888 898
Ba 1 1Ba
No
1a 025 4274
270 726
432 5000
For received machine
1b 022 4274
025 4274
For put in use
1c 432 5000
470 726
Other revenues 679 4274
For given machine
1d 898 1
888 1
For closing off balance account
INCREASE OF FIXED ASSETS II
CONSTRUCTION OF BULIDING
CAPITALIZATION OF INTEREST – IAS 23-BORROWING COSTS

According to IAS 23, interest may be part of the cost of acquisition if the conditions of this IAS are met.
The conditions for capitalization of interest are:
• acquisition or construction of assets is financed from the loan,
• the period of acquisition is at least one month because usually the accrual period for interest is one
month,
• the asset is not acquired in its own arrangement.
If the above conditions are met, the accrued interest for the period, while the asset is being prepared for
use, is included in the cost of acquisition of the asset. After putting the asset into use, we record interest
in the same manner as above: for the current period on expenses and for future period on active accruals.
Long term loan taken with capitalization of interest is recorded:( loan taken for construction of building
under someone else s construction
200 X
098 X
413 X
For loan taken
Short term loan taken with capitalization of interest is recorded:
200 X
289 X
422 X
For loan taken
Example: Construction of building financed from loan taken
Current period 01.01.-31.12.2020
In April, we took a loan that was paid into a transaction account to finance the construction of a building
in the amount of 100.000 KM with repayment period of 9 months and interest rate of 2 % per year. We
are constructing a building under someone else's construction. We received the first provisional
situation in the amount of 20.000 KM + VAT and paid it from loan taken. Second provisional
transaction was received in amount 58.500 KM with VAT included (58500 : 1,17 = 50.000 KM
+VAT)At the end of October we received the final situation at 120.000 KM + VAT .The building was
put into use.
Total interest = ( 100.000 x 2 % per year x 9 months) : 12 = 1500
Instalment = 118.000 : 9 months = 13.111.......422 ( d) i 200 (c)
Difference = 120000-20.000-50000=50.000 KM +VAT
025 (D)( April-October)= 7 month x166,66666= 1166,666 = 1167
Total interest = 1500 561 (D) ( November –December) = 2 months x 166,6666 = 333
289 ( C ) = 1500 ; balance of account 289 = 0 je u
Monthly interest = 1500 : 9 months = 166,6666
Period of acquistion of building = April-Octobar = 7 months .....capitalization of interest
Monthly interest = 18.000 : 9 months = 2000
Capitalization of interest = 2000 x 7 months = 14.000......025
Interest for November and December is interest for current period = 2000 x 2 months =
4000.....account 561
No Description Account Debit Credit
1a 200 100.000
289 1500
422 101500
For loan taken
1b TFAUC 025 20000
270 3400
432 23400
For received first
situation
1c 432 23400
For settled liabilities 200 23400
1d 025 50.000
270 8500
For received second 432 58500
situation
1e 025 50.000
270 8.500
For received final 432 58.500
situation
1f For capitalized interest 025 1167
289 1167
1g 021 121.167
For put in use 025 121.167
1h 561 333
For interest for current 289 333
period
Example: Construction of building financed from loan taken

Current period 01.01.-31.12.2020
In April, we took a loan that was paid into a transaction account to finance the construction of a building
in the amount of 100.000 KM with repayment period of 3years and interest rate of 3 % per year. We are
constructing a building under someone else's construction. We received the first provisional situation
in the amount of 20.000 KM + VAT and paid it from loan taken. Second provisional transaction was
received in amount 58.500 KM with VAT included (58500 : 1,17 = 50.000 KM +VAT)At the end of
September of current year we received the final situation at 120.000 KM + VAT .The building was put
into use. Carry out all necessary book entry at the end of 2020 year
Total interest = 100.000 x3 years x3 % per year = 9000

1a 200 100.000
098 9000
413 109000
For received loan
1b 025 20.000
270 3400
432 23400
For first situation
1c 432 23400
200 23400
1d 025 50.000
270 8500
432 58.500
For second situation
1e 025 50.000
270 8.500
432 58.500
For final situation
1f 025 1500
098 1500
For capitalized interest
1g 021 121.500
025 121500
For put in use
1h 561 750
098 750
For interest of current
period
Balance of account 098 ( on 31.12.2020) = 9000-1500-750 =6750
025(D)—(April-septem) = 6x250=1500
Total interest = 100.000 x3 years x3 % per year = 9000 561(d)—Oct-Dec= 3x250 = 750
098 (ostatak ) = 36-9 = 27 months x 250=6750

(balnce on 31.12.2020
Monthly interest = 9000 : 36 = 250
31.12.2021 561 3000

098 3000
Example 3. Construction of building financed from loan taken
Current period : 01.01-31.12.2020
According to the investment program and adopted management decision we are constructing a building
.The bank has granted us a loan in September, in amount 100.000 KM to finance the construction of a
building with a repayment period of 3 years , interest rate of 3% per year and the manner of payment is
in equal two six monthly instalments. The bank has paid funding from the loan directly to contractor by
confirmed situation. For granted loan we keep off balance records. Construction of building was
entrusted to the company “B We received the first interim situation at the end of September in the
amount of 20.000 KM + VAT that was paid from the loan. At the end of October we received the final
situation at 100.000 KM + VAT . was paid partly from the loan and partly from the transaction account.
The building was put into use.
In this example, as the bank has paid funding from the loan directly to contractor we keep off
balance records for granted loan and granted loan is recorded:
888 100.000
898 100.000
For recorded granted loan on off balance accounts
In this case the bank settles our liabilities towards suppliers from loan directly by confirming
situation and we record settlement of liabilities to suppliers from loan taken:
432 X
413 or 422 X
With this, we used part of the loan and it is recorded in the off-balance sheet:
898 X
888 X
For used part of the loan

Before putting the asset into use, we calculate interest for the period of duration of acquisition of
assets and record it :
Building under construction 025 X

Calculated in advance expenses of period 490 X
According to the investment program and adopted management decision we are constructing a building
.The bank has granted us a loan in September, in amount 100.000 KM to finance the construction of a
building with a repayment period of 3 years , interest rate of 3% per year and the manner of payment is
in equal two six monthly instalments. The bank has paid funding from the loan directly to contractor by
confirmed situation. For granted loan we keep off balance records. Construction of building was
entrusted to the company “B We received the first interim situation at the end of September in the
amount of 20.000 KM + VAT that was paid from the loan. At the end of October we received the final
situation at 100.000 KM + VAT . was paid partly from the loan and partly from the transaction account.
The building was put into use.
Difference = 100.000-20.000 = 80.000 KM +VAT

1a Other off-balance assets 888 100.000
Other off –balance liabilities 898 100.000
For granted loan
1b 025 20.000
270 3400
432 23400
For first interim situation
1c 432 23400
413 23400
For settled liabilities from
loan
1d 898 23400 23400
888
For used part of granted loan
1e 025 80.000
270 13.600
432 93.600
For received final situation
1f 432 93.600
413 76600
200 17000
1g 898 76600
For used granted loan 888 76600
1h 025 500
Accrued unpaid interest 490 500
expenses
For capitalized interest
1i 021 100.500
025 100.500
For put in use
888 898
1a)100000 23400 (1d) (1d)23400 100.000 Ba
Ba 76.600 76600 (1g) (1g)76600 76600 Ba
Total interest = 100.000 x 3 years x 3 year = 9000
Monthly interest = 9000 : 36 months = 250 KM
Interet for capitalization ( September –Octobar ) = 2 month x250 = 500 KM
PURCHASE OF FIXED ASSETS FROM ABROAD
433- Suppliers abroad
There is no VAT on the invoices of foreign suppliers and the recalculated KM value is
recorded at the given exchange rate
CUSTOM DUTY:
is the acquisition cost of an imported asset. The basis for customs calculation is KM
recalculated value from the invoice of a foreign supplier + transport cost to the border of
BiH.
. Custom is recorded :
Tangible fixed assets in preparatoion 015/ 025 X
Liabilities for customs 482 X

VAT
The basis for VAT calculation is KM recalculated value from the invoice of the foreign
supplier + customs + all other variable acquisition costs without VAT (transport, loading,
unloading) If an invoice is specified and the indicated VAT is not included in the VAT
calculation. The calculated VAT on the import of all assets except a luxury car ( VAT is not
refundable tax and VAT is acquistion cost of of purchased car) is recorded :
271 X
484 X
for calculated VAT
VAT calculated on the import of a luxury car
025 X
484 X
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES DIFFERENCE …….IAS 21-THE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN

FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES
In foreign transactions (imports, exports) due to changes in the exchange rate of foreign
currency in relation to domestic currency on the day of payment in relation to the day of
business transactions , there are positive and negative exchange rate differences.
Positive foreign exchange rate gains is financial revenues …….account 662 ( C)
Negative foreign exchange rate losses is financial expenses……account 562 (D)
The conditions for the occurrence of exchange rate differences according to IAS 21 are as follows:
• that we have assets (receivables) or liabilities in a foreign currency (or that the transaction has taken
place in a foreign currency (import or export)),
• there is a time distance between the date of business transaction and the date of payment,
• there was a change in the exchange rate of foreign currency in relation to domestic currency in that
period.
Foreign exchange gains are recorded on account 662 (financial income) and may occur:
• In our foreign currency assets if there is an increase in foreign currency compared to the domestic
currency,
• In our foreign currency liabilities if there is decline in foreign currency compared to the domestic
currency.
Foreign exchange losses are recorded on expenses from negative exchange rate differences account 562
(financial expenses) and may occur:
• In our foreign currency assets if there is decline in foreign currency compared to the domestic
currency,
• In our foreign currency liabilities if there is an increase in foreign currency compared to the domestic
currency.
Example:The purchase of other intangible assets from abroad
We bought a computer program from a supplier from Germany for $ 10,000. The exchange
rate on the day of import is $ 1 = 1.4 KM. Customs duty is 11% and 17% VAT. All liabilities
to the state based on the acquisition were paid from the transaction account. The software
has been put into use and the liabilities to the foreign suppliers has been settled from the
transaction account. The exchange rate on the day of payment is $ 1 = 1.3 KM
10.000 $ x 1,4 = 14000 KM
200.....Transaction account in domestic curency
201....Transaction account in foreign currency
Custom = 14.000 x 11 % = 1540
VAT =( 14000+1540) x17 % = 15540 x17 % = 2641,8 = 2642.....271(D) i 484 ( C)
Customs and VAT se odmah plaća i kada se ne navede plaćanje u poslovnoj promjeni jer se carina i
VAT moraju platiti najkasnije u roku od 7 dana od dana carinjenja
1a Intangible fixed 015 14.000
assets in preparation 433 14.000
Foreign supplier
1b 015 1540
Liabilities for customs 482 1540
For calculated
customs
1c 271 2642
484 2642
For calculated VAT
1d 482 1540
484 2642
Fro customs and VAT
1e Other intangible fixed 014 15540
assets ( software)
015 15540
For put in use
1f 433 14000
( 10.000 $ x1,3) 200 13000
Revenues from 662 1000
positiv foreign
echange rate
differences
Example:Purchase of equipment from abroad
We bought the equipment in March from a supplier from Germany for $ 10,000. On the day
of import it is $ 1 = 1.3 KM. The invoice for transporting the equipment to the border is $
200. The customs duty is 16% and 17% VAT. Liabilities to the state are paid from the
transaction account. We received the invoice for the transport of equipment from the border
to the destination in the amount of 1000 KM + VAT. The equipment was put into use and the
liabilities to the foreign suppliers were settled. The exchange rate on the day of payment is
1 $ = 1.50 KM.We settled liabilities to domestic suppliers

10.000 $ x1,3 KM = 13.000 KM
Transport to the border = 200 $ x1,3 KM = 260 KM
Customs duty = ( 13.000+260) x16 % = 13260 x 16 % = 2121,6 = 2122
VAT = ( 13000+260+2122) x17 % = 15382 X 17 % = 2614,94 = 2615.....271 (D) i 484 ( C)

1a) 025 13.000
433 13000
1b 025 260
433 260
1c 025 2122
482 2122
For calculated
customs
1d 271 2615
For calculated VAT 484 2615
1e 482 2122
484 2615
200 4737
For paid caustoms
and VAT
1f 025 1000
270 170
432 1170
1g 022 16382
025 16382
For put in use
1h 433 13260
( 10200 $ x1,5 KM) 200 15300
Financial expenses- 562 2040
negative foreign
exchange rate
differences
for settled liabilites
1i 432 1170
200 1170
2.RECEIVED FIXED ASSETS FROM DONATION-IAS 20
When we received assets from donation that do not have a depreciation, like current
assets( material, small inventory, spare parts, goods) and fixed assets with unlimited useful
life ( land, books in library, works of art ) we record at fair estimated value “ Revenues
from donation …account 652 ( C)
The donated assets that are subject of depreciation we do not record revenues from
donation but the deferred income….account 407-Long term deferred income from donation
which is transferred to the income only through the calculated depreciation. The annual
amount of depreciation is earned as Revenues from donation because this income was
generated indirectly on the basis of donated assets.
When we receive assets from donation which is in the VAT system in the country the
recipient of the donation has no VAT liability because the donor has a VAT liability.
.The exception to the above is when we receive land and buildings as a donation, then the recipient
of the donation has a real estate sales tax liability of 5%. When we receive a donation from abroad,
only then does the recipient have a VAT liability. (land and buildings cannot be obtained from abroad
because they are real estate)
Received donation of fixed assets that are not subject of depreciation:
Example 1
Company received a grant from goverment in a form of agricultural land at fair estimated
value of 50.000 KM. Land was put into use.

1a 025 50.000
Revenues from donation 652 50.000
For received donation

1b 020 50.000
025 50.000
For put in use
Example 2
Company received a grant from goverment in a form of agricultural land at fair estimated
value of 50.000 KM.We calculted and paid sales tax on immovable property and rights 5 %
ot Tax administration accepted fair estimated value.Land was put into use.
Sales tax = 50.000 x5 % = 2500

1a 025 50.000
652 50.000
1b 025 2500
482 2500
For calculated sales tax
1c 482 2500
For paid tax 200 2500
1d 020 52.500
For put in use 025 52.500
Example 3:
The company has received a donation of the 10 pcs of book. Fair estimated value of books is
2000 KM.Books are marked by an identification number and placed in the library
No Description Accou Debit Credit

nt
1a) Other fixed tangible assets under 055 2000
construction
Revenues from donation 652 2000
Other fixed tangible assets in use 050 2000
055 2000
For placed in library
In the previous examples, we received fixed assets in the donation that are not subject of
depreciation, and that s why we recorded revenues from donation …account 652 at fair value
immediately upon receipt of the donation.
Received donation of current assets( inventories)
When we received current assets ( material, small inventory, spare parts and goods) we recorded
revenues from donation …account 652 at fair value immediately upon receipt of the donation.
Example 1
In march 2021, company received a donation of 3000 pcs of material „a“ in fair value of
20 000..Material „a“ was recorded in warehouse.

Calculation of acquistion 100 20.000
costs
Revenues from donation 652 20.000
Inventories of material 101 20.000
100 20.000
For put in warehouse
Example 2
Group 13......Goods
The company has received a donation of 500 pcs of trade goods „ c“ in fair value od 10.000
KM.Trade goods was received in warehouse.
132......Goods in warehouse ; 130..... Calculation of acquistion costs for goods

1a Calculation of acquistion 130 10.000
costs
652 10.000
1b Goods in warehouse 132 10.000
130 10.000
Received donation of fixed assets that are subject of depreciation:
Example :1 Current period : 01.01-31.12.2020
The company has received donation in software in June of current year in the fair value of
20.000 KM. The estimated useful life of software is 5 year The software is put in use
We calculated depreciation for current period

1a 015 20.000
Deferred revenues 407 20.000
from donation (pasive
accruals)
1b Other intangible fixed 014 20.000
assets
015 20.000
1c Depreciation costs 540 2000
VA of software 0148 2000
For calculated
depreciation
1d 407 2000
Revenues from 652 2000
donation
For recognized
revenues from
donation
Depreciation rate = 100 : useful life = 100 :5 years = 20 %
Depreciation for current period ( July –December---6 months )
= (20.000 X 6 months x20 %) :12 =2000....540 (D) i 0148 (C)
Example 2 :Current period : 01.01.-30.06.2020

In April 2020 we received a warehouse without charge at fair estimated value of 150.000
KM. Estimated life time of the warehouse is 50 years( 100 : 50 years = 2 %) We started with
using of the warehouse and calculate the depreciation of warehouse.

1a 025 150.000
407 150.000
1b Building-warehouse 021 150.000
025 150.000
For put in use
1c 540 500
0218 500
For calculated
depreciation
1d 407 500
652 500
For revenues from
donation for current
period
Depreciation ( 01.05-30.06------2 months) = (150.000 x2 months x 2 %) : 12 = 500
Example 3:Current period : 01.01.-31.12.2020
In April 2020 we received a warehouse in donation charge at fair estimated value of

150.000 KM.Tax adminisration accepted estimated value and calculated sales tax 5 %
Estimated life time of the warehouse is 50 years ( dep rate: 100 : 50 = 2 %)We started with
using of the warehouse and calculate the depreciation of warehouse for current period
Sales tax = 150.000 x5 % = 7500

1a 025 150.000
407 150.000
1b 025 7500
482 7500
1c 482 7500
200 7500
For paid tax
1d Building-warehouse 021 157.500
025 157.500
For put in ise
1e 540 2.100
For calculated 0218 2.100
depreciation
1f 407 2.100
Revenues from 652 2.100
donation
For revenues from
donation for current
period
Depreciation ( 01.05.-31.12,---8 months) = (157.500 x 8 months x 2 % ) : 12 = 2100

6. INCREASE OF ASSETS BY PURCHASING ANOTHER LEGAL ENTITY
If one legal entity purchase other legal entity after that purchased legal entity does not exist any
more buyer records the followings :
-fair estimated value of all received assets on debit ( D) side
-fair value of liabilities on credit side (C) …..we do not record account 300---Shareholders equity
-paid amount for acquisition on C side of account 200 –Transaction account and
1) if buyer paid higher amount than fair value of purchased company (fair vale of assets –fer value of
liabilities) difference is recorded on account 012-----Goodwill ( D)
2) ) if buyer paid less amountr amount than fair value of purchased company (fair vale of assets –fer
value of liabilities) difference is recorded on account 687-----Revenues from value adjustment of
capital (C)
If we receive finished products-(account 120) of purchased legal entity we record them as trade
goods ---account 132…..Goods in warehouse

Conditions for incurrence of goodwill :
-that the result of business combinations, in which acquirer (legal entity) acquires the right of control
of the owneship over the acquired legal entity
-that there is a difference between paid value of the purchased legal entity of single economic
entity, where the paid value is higher than fair estimated value of assets, adjusted for the liabilities
and potential liabilities from this transaction.
-the business combination is completed, by consolidation of assets, liabilities and capita in legal
entity of acquirer.That would mean that legal entity which is subject of combination would size to
exist and hence being to operate under the name of the aquirer.
Example 1
Company “ A “ purchased net value of company “ B” after which the company “ B” seized to exist as
legal entity. Purchased was done at market principle. Company “A” paid based on market principle
for assets of company “ B” 600.000 KM ----- 200 (C)

On the day of purchase the balance sheet of the company “ B” at book value and estimated fair value
was as follows:
Description Account Book value Estimated fair value
number
Other fixed intangible assets 014 50.000 60.000
Buildings 021 300.000 330.000
Equipment 022 200.000 210.000
Trade goods 132 50.000 50.000
Trade receivables 211 30.000 50.000
TOTAL ASSETS 630.000 700.000
Equity 300 500.000
Long term loan taken 413 100.000 120.000
Suppliers 432 30.000 30.000
TOTAL LIABILITIES 630.000 150.000

1 014 60.000
021 330.000
022 210.000
132 50.000
211 50.000
413 120.000
432 30.000
Transaction account 200 600.000
Goodwill 012 50.000
D= 700.000
C = 750.000
Plaćeno je više tj 50.000 KM nego što je fair value of purchased company
Fair value of purchased company ( fair value of net assets ) = Fair value of assets –Fair value of
liabilities
FV of company = 700.000-150.000 = 550.000 KM
Paid value = 600.000 KM
Difference = 50.000 KM.......Goodwill
Example 2
( Current period 01.01.2020-30.06.2020 ; dpreciation rate for building is 1,2 % and for other fixed
intangible assets is 20 %)
1) 02/04/2020 Company “ A “ purchased net value of company “ B” after which the company “
B” seized to exist as legal entity. Purchased was done at market principle. Company “A” paid
based on market principle for assets of company “ B” 250.000 KM --- 200 (C)
On the day of purchase the balance sheet of the company “ B” at book value and estimated
fair value was as follows:
Opis Account number Book value Estimated fair value

Other fixed intangible 014 50.000 60.000
assets
Građevinski objekti 021 350.000 200.000
Finished products ( 120 50.000 40.000
2000 pcs of product A)
Equity 300 450.000
2) 18/06 Calculate the depreciation of the fixed assets
Calculation of depreciation ( 01.05-30.06---2 months)
014 = (60.000 x2 months x 20 % ) : 12 = 2000-----0148 (C)
21 ( 200.000 X 2 months x 1,2 % ) : 12 = 400----0218 C

2400-----540 D

1 014 60.000
021 200.000
Goods in warehouse 132 40.000
200 250.000
Revenues from value 687 50.000
adjustment of capital
For purchased legal
entity
2 540 2400
0148 2000
0218 400
For calculated
depreciation
D= 300.000
C= 250.000
Fair value of purchased company = 300.000-0 = 300.000
Paid value = 250.000
Paid less for 50.000 -----------Revenues from value adjustment of capital
8.REVALUATION OF FIXED ASSETS
According to IAS 16 (tangible assets) and IAS 38 (intangible assets), revaluation means the
subsequent valuation of assets in order to reconcile their carrying amount with the market value.
Revaluation refers to fixed tangible and intangible assets in use that are not 100% written off but not
to: fixed assets in preparation (015,025,035,055), fixed assets out of function, long-term receivables,
long-term investments, long-term loans

The calculation of revaluations is the increase in the value of fixed tangible and intangible assets that
are not 100% written off and their value adjustments if they are subject to the calculation of
depreciation for the same recognized inflation rate, ie due to an increase in market prices
Revaluation is calculated only for fixed tangible and intangible in use that are not 100% written off
and in the same coefficient is calculated on their value adjustment for assets subject to depreciation.
The difference obtained by calculating the revaluation is revaluation reserve account 330. In case of
impairment of fixed assets on which we have previous effects of revaluation, ie we have a
revaluation reserve, we use that reserve to cover or reduce expenses from impairment of fixed
assets.
Revaluation is not calculated on the following:
-fixed assets in preparation (015,025,035,055)
-permanent assets out of use
-fixed assets 100% written off
-current funds
-long-term receivables
-long-term investments
-long-term loans
Example :Revaluation of intangible fixed asset
01/01 2020 company has the following fixed assets ; depreciation rate for intangible fixed assets is 20 %
Softeware...............................................................100.000
Patent.......................................................................30.000
Value adjustment of software.............................. ....40.000

1).31/01/ 2020 We calculate 10 % of revaluation for intangible fixed assets .
Prije promjene revaluation moramo obračunati i knjižiti depreciation od 01.01. do kraja mjeseca u kome se
dešava revaluation da bi imali balance od account Vale adjustmen na zadnji dan mjeseca kada se događa
revaluation
Depreciation ( 01-.01-31.01---1 month) = ( 100.000 X 1 month x 20 % ) : 12 = 1666,6666 = 1667---540( D) i 0148

C
014-Software 0148-VA of software

Ba 100.000 40.000 Ba 01.01.2020
(1b) 10000 1.667 ( 1a )
41.667 Ba 31.01.2020
4167 (1b)
011-Patent
Ba 30.000
(1b)3000
Calculation of revaluation
014 100.000 x10 % = 10.000-----014 D
0148 41.667x 10 % = 4.166,7 = 4167----0148 C
011 30.000 x10 % = 3000----011 D

1a 540 1667
0148 1667
For calculated
depreciation
1b 014 10.000
011 3.000
0148 4167
Revaluation reserves 330 8833
For calculated
revaluation
Example : Revaluation of tangible fixed assets
01/01 2020 company has the following fixed assets ; depreciation rate for building is 2 % , for equipment 10 %
Land..........................................................................................50.000
Buildings .............................................................................1.000.000
Value adjustment of building..................................................300.000
Equipment...............................................................................220.000
Value adjustment of equipment............................................... 70.000
1).30/06/ 2020 We calculate 12 % of revaluation for tangible fixed assets .
Calculation of depreciation for 6 months
021 = ( 1.000.000 x6 months x 2 % ) : 12 = 10.000----0218 C
022=(220.000 x6 months x10 % ) : 12= 11.000----0228 C
21.000----540 D
FIXED ASSETS
I FIXED ASSETS FROM OPENING BALANCE

020 Land
Ba 50000
(1b)6000
021-Buliding 0218-VA of build

Ba1000000 300.000 Ba 01.01
(1b)120000 10.000 (1a)
310.000 Ba 30.6.
37200 (1 b)

Ba 220000 70.000 Ba 01.01
(1b)26400 11.000 (1a)
81.000 Ba
9720 (1b)
II FIXED ASSETS RECEIVED DURING CURRENT PERIOD

1a 540 21.000
0218 10.000
0228 11.000
1b 020 6000
021 120000
022 26400
0218 37200
0228 9720
330 105480
For revaluation of fixed
assets
BALANCE SHEET
Class 0……………..FIXED ASSETS Class 3…………………CAPITAL
Class 1……….…… INVENTORIES Class 4………………..LIABILITIES
Class 2……………SHORT TERM
RECIEVABLES, INVESTMENTS,
TRANSACTION ACCOUN; PETTY CASH
INCOME STATEMENT :
Class 5………………COST ( 51-55) AND EXPENSES ( 56-59 ; 50)
Class 6………………REVENUES
Class 7……………..for opening balance , closing balance; calculation of financial results…..nama
balance
Class 8………Off-balance sheet records ; 888….Other off-balance assets D; 898….Other off.balance
liabilities C---------evidentira se vrijednost 1 jer sva sredstva u off.balance sheet su bez vrijednosti
Class 9…… slobodna klasa

PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL INCREASE OF FIXED ASSETS
1. Acquisition (purchase) of fixed tangible and intangible assets in the country and abroad from own
resources
2. Acquisition (purchase) of fixed tangible and intangible assets in the country and abroad from other
's resources------loan taken
3. Construction of a building and development of fixed assets under someone else's direction
4. Construction of a building and development of fixed assets under its own direction
5.Receipt of fixed assets free of charge (donations received)
6. By purchasing another legal entity - goodwill
7. Reconstruction (plant and equipment) and adaptation of the building
8.Revaluation or fixed assets
9. Surpluses of fixed assets
10.Receipt of fixed assets for rent
11. By increasing the value of biological assets
1.ACQUISTION OF FIXED ASSESTS IN THE COUNTRY FROM OWN SOURCES
Example :Purchase of licence ; 015-Intangible fixed assets in preparation ; 270-Receivables for VAT
; 432…Suppliers ; 011……Licences
Tax is without VAT

We purchased a licence right in period of 10 years in amount 10.000 KM+ VAT..Tax for registration
was paid in amount 200 KM. Licence was put in use and liabilities towards supplier was paid from
transaction account

1a Intangible fixed assets in 015 10.000
preparation
Receivables for VAT 270 1.700
Suppliers 432 11.700
1b Intangible fixed assets in 015 200
preparation
Liabilities for tax 489 200
For tax for registration
1c Liabilities for tax 489 200
Transaction account 200 200
For paid tax
1d Licence 011 10200
Intangible fixed assets in 015 10200
Preparation
For put in use
1e Suppliers 432 11700
Example
We bought a patent of company "B" which will be used as a license right for a period of 5
years for 20.000 KM + VAT.(23400 KM with VAT include ; 23400 : 1,17 = 20.000
KM+VAT) Tax for registration of patent was 500 KM.The license was put into use and we
settled liabilities from transaction account

1a 015 20000
270 3400
432 23400
1b 015 500
For registration tax 489 500
1c 011 20500
015 20500
For put in use
1c 432 23400
489 500
200 23900
Example :Purchase of software; 015-Intangible fixed assets ; 270…Receivables for VAT ;
432….Suppliers; 014……Other intangible fixed assets ( software)
We purchased a software in amount 10.000 KM+ VAT.Invoice for installation of software was received
in amount 1000 KM +VAT.All liabilities are properly settled. Entity started with using software.

1a 015 10000
270 1700
432 11700
1b 015 1000
270 170
432 1170
1c 432 12870
1d 014 11.000
015 11.000
For put in use
PURCHASE OF LAND AND BUILDING.......02----tangible fixed assets ; 025....Tangible fixed assets in

preparation
020.......Land
021......Building ( warehouse)
Purchase of land and buildings (except new building) are not in system of VAT, as they are in system
of sals tax on immovable property and rights , which is calculated 5 % on fair estimeted value
determined by Tax administration ...accont 482 C. Sales tax on immovable property is not
refundable tax and so it is a part of acquisition value of of land and buidings
Book entry of sales tax on immovable proprety and rights :
025 X
482 X
Exampl: Purchase of land
We purchased the land invoice value of 100.000 KM. Tax administration determined the fair value of
land in amount 120.000 KM and calculated sales tax rate on immovable property and rights 5 %.
Sales tax on immovable property and rights was paid from transaction account. The land is put in
use. The invoice for land was settled from transaction account.
Sales tax = 120.000 x5 % = 6000

Journal
No Description Account Debit (D) Credit (C)

1a Land in preparation 025 100.000
Suppliers 432 100.000
For purchased land
1b Land in prepartion 025 6000

Liabilities for sales tax 482 6000
For sales tax
1c Liabilities for sales tax 482 6000
1d Land 020 106.000

Land in prepartion 025 106.000
For put in use
1e 432 100.000
200 100.000
For paid invoice
Purchase od building
The newly built building ( the first transfer of ownership rights ) is in the VAT system.Each
subsequent purchase and sale is in the system of sales tax on immovable property 5 % on the fair
estimated value of the building determined by the Tax administration.Building built before 2006 are
in the in the system of sales tax on immovable property because VAT was introduced in 2006.Since
2006 a newly built building is subject to VAT and every subsequent transaction is subject to sales tax
on immovable property.Land and building are recorded separately when they are acquired together,
expect for the land on which the building is loacated ( the value of land is included in the value of
building
When we buy land and building together and record them separately we introduce analitics on
account 025
0250-Land in preparation
0251-Building in preparation
Example:
We purchased a newly built building for 100.000 KM +VAT.The building was put in use and we settled
the liabilities to the supplier from transaction account

1a 025 100.000
270 17.000
432 117.000
For purchased building
1b Building 021 100.000
025 100.000
For put in use
1c 432 117.000
200 117.000
Example
We purchased the building invoice value 100.000 KM. The Tax administration has estimated the
value of building to 120.000 KM .The sales tax rate on immovable property and rights is 5 %.All
liabilities from acquistion of building are settled. The building is put into use.The estimated useful life
of building is 50 years.( Depreciation rate = (100 : Useful life ) = 100: 50 years =2 %
Tax = 120.000 x 5 % = 6000.......liabilities towards state

1a 025 100.000
432 100.000
1b 025 6000
Liabilities for sales tax 482 6000
1c 432 100.000
482 6000
200 106.000
1d Building 021 106.000
025 106.000
For put in use
Example
We purchased land and newly built building that will be recorded separately. The land was bought
for 50.000 KM and the building for 100.000 KM +VAT.The Tax administration estimated the value of
the land to 60.000 KM and calculated 5 % sales tax on immovable property. Tax was paid from
transaction account. The land and building were put in use and we paid liabilities towards supplier
0250.......Land in preparation
0251........Building in preparation
Tax = 60.000 x5 % = 3000

1a 0250 50.000
For purchased land 432 50.000
1b 0251 100.000
270 17.000
432 117.000
1c 0250 3000
482 3000
For sales tax
1d 482 3000
200 3000
For paid tax
1e Land 020 53.000
0250 53.000
For put land in use
1f 021 100.000
0251 100.000
For put building in use
1g 432 167.000
200 167.000
Example
We purchased land and built building and decided to keep separate book entry for land and for the
value of the building. The land was bought for 50.000 KM and the building for 100.000 KM.The Tax
administration estimated the value of the land at 60.000 KM and building at 120.000 KM calculated
5 % sales tax on immovable property. Tax was paid from transaction account. The land and building
were put in use and we paid liabilities towards supplier
Tax for land = 60.000 x 5 % = 3000

Tax for building = 120.000 X 5 % = 6000
Tax u jednom stavu : 0250 3000

0251 6000
482 9000
For sales tax
1a 0250 50.000
432 50.000
For purchased land
1b 0251 100.000
432 100.000
1c 0250 3000
482 3000
For tax of land
1d 0251 6000
482 6000
For tax of building
1e 482 9000
200 9000
For paid tax
1f 020 53.000
0250 53.000
For put land in use
1g 021 106.000
0251 106.000
For put building in use
1h 432 150.000
200 150.000
Example :Purchase of plant; equipment ; machine

We bought the plant ( equipment, machine) and received invoice in amount 58.500 KM with VAT
inculded.Invoice for transport of plant was received in amount 2000 KM + VAT. Invoce for installation
was received in amount of 1000 KM +VAT. The plan was put in use and all liabilities arising from
acquistion of plant were settled from transaction account.

1a 025 50.000
270 8.500
432 58.500
1b 025 2000
270 340
432 2340
1c 025 1000
270 170
432 1170
1d Plant ( equipment, machines) 022 53.000

025 53.000
For put in use
1e 432 62.010
200 62.010
For paid invoices
Example : Purchase of furniture and tools; 023

We purchased office furniture ( or large tools) for 20.000 KM +VAT. We received invoice for
transport of furniture in amount 2340 KM with VAT ( 2340 : 1,17 = 2000 KM +VAT). The furniture was
put into use

1a 025 20.000
270 3400
432 23400
1b 025 2000
270 340
432 2340
1c Driving and office furniture( 023 22.000
tools) 025 22.000
For put in use
Purchase of transport means
When we buy a truck for transport (or transport vehicle), the VAT on the received invoice is
refundable and is recorded to the account 270.....Receivables for VAT
When we buy a luxury car , the VAT on the received invoice is non-refundable and it is the
acquisition cost (included in acquisition value ) of transport means and total amount of received
invoice for purchased car is recorded :.
Example
We bought a truck for 50.000 KM +VAT. The invoice for the registration of the truck was received in
the amount of 1000 KM +VAT. The truch was put in use..
1a 025 50.000
270 8.500
For received invoice for 432 58.500
purchased truck
1b 025 1000
270 170
432 1170
For reecived invoice for
registration
1c 024 51.000
025 51.000
For put in use
Example
We bought a new luxury car for the needs of company whose value is 50.000 KM +VAT. The invoice
for the registration of the luxury car was received in the amount of 1000 KM +VAT. The car was put
into function immediately.
VAT on all received invoice for luxury car after puting in use are recored on Cost (invoice for
registration, maintenance etc......account 532 na D ) not on account Receivables for VAT
Invoice :
50.000
VAT 8.500
58.500......... is recorded
1000
VAT 170
1170.......ovo se knjiži

1a 025 58500
432 58500
1b 025 1170
432 1170
1c 024 59.670
025 59.670
For put in use
Example: Purchase of library funds
We bought a book titled „ International finacial reporting standards „ invoice value was 1170 KM
+VAT.The book was purchased as library funds; it is marked by an identification number and placed
in the library.Make the necessary book entries with the payment of invoice

1a Other fixed assets under 055 1170
construction
Receivables for VAT 270 199
Suppliers 432 1369
1b Other fixed assets in use 050 1170

055 1170
For put in use
1c 432 1369
Sale of fixed assets
211- Customers (D)
470- VAT liabilities (C)
Difference - account 670 (C)-Gains from sale of fixed assets(tangible and intangible fixed assets) or
570 (D)-Losses on sale of tangible and intangible fixed assets .
Sales of fixed assets from balance sheet...subject of depreciation ( with book value );---all fixed
assets except land, building, patent, other specific fixed tangible assests---library funds
Book value= Acquistion cost of fixed assets –Value adjustment
011........License-----------------0118.....Value adjustment of license ( može se dodati i 9 ili 0119
014....Software----------------0148....Value adjustment of software ili 0149

021.....Building ; 0218......VA of building
022....Equipment : 0228....VA of equipment
023......Furniture ; Tools.........0238.....VA of furniture and tools
024.....Transport means ; 0248....VA of transport means
026...Apartmans ; 0268.... VA of apartmans
032....Investment in building ; 0328.....VA of investment in building
Customers 211 X
Value adjustment of fixed assets X
Fixed assets X
Liabilities for VAT 470 X
Difference 570 X
or 670 X
Sales of Land from balance sheet... ---nemamo Value adjustment i Liabilities for VAT
(Book value = Acquistion value)
Customers 211 X
Land 020 X
Difference 570 X
or 670 X
Sales of Building from balance sheet... ---nemamo Liabilities for VAT
(Book value = Acquistion value)
Customers 211 X
Value adjustment of building 021
Building 021 X
Difference 570 X
or 670 X
Sales of patent ------nemamo Value adjustment of patent
Customers 211 X
Fixed assets X
Difference 570 X
or 670 X
Sales of books in the library ------nemamo Value adjustment of patent
Customers 211 X
Other specific fixed tangible assets 050 X
Difference 570 X
or 670 X
For assets that are not 100% written off or that have a book value, the sale is made according to the
net principle according to which the profit from the sale of fixed assets is recorded (as a positive
difference between sales and book value) on account 670......C side ) or account 570 ...D side (as a
negative difference between sales and book value on account 570)
When an asset is sold that is 100% written off and is in the in off balance sheet then we record the
sales value before VATon account 679 –Other revenues
Kod prodaje fixed assets koji imaju depreciation ( software, equipment; buildings ( warehosue) prvo
treba knjižiti depreciation za current period i utvrditi konačan balance accounta „ Value adjustment“ i
nakon toga knjižiti sale of fixed assets
Recording of depreciation :
Depreciation costs 540 X
Prodaja svih sredstava from off balance sheet se knjizi na sljedeci nacin
211 X
470 X
Other revenues 679.. x – OTHER REVENUES
For sold asset
898 1
888 1
1. In May, we sold a patent whose book value was 40.000 KM. Selling value of patent is 50.000
KM +VAT
011-Patent ....acquistion value(purchased value ; historical cost

Ba40.000 40.000( 1)
Invoice issued :
1. SV 50.000………..NE KNJIŽIMO
2. VAT 8.500……………470 ( C)
3. 58.500…………….211 ( D)
Selling value –Book value = + Gains from sale
= - Losses from sale
Book value = Acquistion value za patent, land. Book in library
Book value = Acquistion value – Value adjustment for fixed which have depreciation

1 211 58500
470 8500
011 40000
Gains from sale of patent 670 10000
For sold patent
2. Legal entity sold in January the software and issued the invoice in the amount of 35100 KM
with included VAT ( 35100 : 1,17 = 30.000 KM +VAT).Book value for sofware from opening
balance were: acquisition cost 30.000 KM. and accumulated amortization
17500..Depreciation rate is 20 %. Receivables was collected. Nije obračunata amortizacija za
Januar I zbog toga primjer nije tačan)
VA = accumulated amortization ( depreciation) ; written off value ; value adjustment
014-Software 0148-Value adjustmen of software

Sa30.000 30.000 (1a) (1a)17500 17.500 Ba
01.01.2020
INVOICE
1 SV 30.000….ne knjižimo
2.VAT 5.100……….470 (c)
3(SV +VAT) 35.100……..211 ( d)
Book value =30.000-17500 = 12500
SV-BV = 30.000-12500 = + 17500…….Gains from sale 670 C
No Description Account Debit 52600 Credit 35100

1a 211 35100
470 5100
0148 17500
014 30000
For sale 670 17500
1b 200 35100
211 35100
For collected receivables

1. Legal entity sold in January the software and issued the invoice in the amount of 35100 KM
with included VAT ( 35100 : 1,17 = 30.000 KM +VAT).Book value for sofware from opening
balance were: acquisition cost 30.000 KM. and accumulated amortization
17500..Depreciation rate is 20 %. Receivables was collected.
VA = accumulated amortization ( depreciation) ; written off value ; value adjustment

Sa30.000 30.000(1b) 17.500 Ba
500 (1a)
(1b)18000 18.000 Ba
31.01
Depreciation for 1 month ( January) = (30.000 x 20 % x1 month) : 12 = 500…..540 (D) . I 0148 (c)
INVOICE
1 SV 30.000….
2.VAT 5.100……….470 (c)
3(SV +VAT) 35.100……..211 ( d)
Book value = 30.000-18.000 = 12.000
SV –BV = 30.000-12.000 = 18.000……Gains from sale

No Description Account Debit 53100 Credit 35100
1a 540 500
0148 500
For depreciation for current
period
1b 211 35.100
470 5100
0148 18.000
For sold software 014 30.000
670 18000
1c 200 35100
211 35100
For collected payment
3. Legal entity sold in January the software and issued the invoice in the amount of 35100 KM with
included VAT.Book value for softvare were: acquisition cost 30.000 KM. and the written-off value at
the moment of selling 18.000 KM..Depreciation rate is 20 %.r Receivables was collected

Ba 30.000 ( 1b) (1b)18000 18.000 Ba
30.000 31.01.
Depreciation for current period = ( 30.000 x20 % x1 mounth) : 12 = 500….samo knjižimo bez
dodavanja na T account jer je balance of 0148 at the moment of the selling I I u 18000 KM je
sadržavana depreciation for current period
INVOICE
1 SV 30.000….
2.VAT 5.100……….470 (c)
3(SV +VAT) 35.100……..211 ( d)

Book value = 30.000-18.000 = 12.000
SV –BV = 30.000-12.000 = 18.000……Gains from sale

1a 540 500
0148 500
period
1b 211 35100
470 8500
0148 18000
For sale of software 014 30.000
670 18000
1c 200
211
4. We sold the land for 180.000 KM…..211 D The boook value was 190.000. KM
020-Land
Ba 190.000 ( 1)
190.000

1a 211 180.000
020 190.000
570 10.000
For sale of land
Book value = 190.000
SV –BV = 180.000-190.000= -10.000…..Losses from sale of land
5. We sold the land for 80,000 KM……211 D .The book value of land was 70.000 KM.The
receivables was collected
020-Land
Ba 70.000 ( 1a)
70.000

1a 211 80.000
020 70.000
670 10.000
For sale of land
1b 200 80.000
For collection of payment 211 80.000
6. We sold the land for 80,000 KM……211 D .The book value of land was 80.000 KM.
020-Land
Ba 80.000(1a)
80.000

1a 211 80.000
020 80.000
For sold land

7. We sold the building in April for 50,000 KM…..211(d). The acquisition costs of the building was
100,000 KM and value adjustment of building is 20.000 on 01.01 of current year. Useful life of building
is 50 years.
Depreciation rate = 100 : useful life = 100 : 50 years = 2 %
021-Building 0218-Value adjustmen of building

Ba 100000 100.000 (1b) 20.000 Ba 1.1
667 ( 1a)
20.667 Ba 30.4
1b)20.667
BV = 100.000-20.667 = 79.333
SV-BV = 50.000-79333 = -29.333
Depreciation od 01.01-30.04 ( mjeseca) = ( 100.000 x 4 mjeseca x2 % ) : 12 = 666,6666 = 667….540 ( d); 0218

1a 540 667
0218 667
For depreciation for current

period
211 50.000
0218 20667
021 100.000
Losses from sale of building 570 29.333
8. We sold the plant in March (machinery, equipment) for 60,000 KM + VAT. The purchase value of
the plant is 100,000 KM and the written-off value at the moment of selling is 50,000 KM.Depreciation
rate is 12 %
022-Plant 0228-Value adjustmen of plant

Ba 100000 100.000 (1b) (1b)50.000 50.000 Ba
31.3
Depreciation for current period ( 01.01-31.03) = (100.000 X 3 mjeseca x 12 % ) : 12 = 3000
INVOICE
1SV 60.000------NE KNJIŽIMO
2.VAT 10.200…….470 c
3(SV +VAT) 70.200…….211 d

1a 540 3000
0228 3000

period
1b 211 70200
470 10200
0228 50.000
022 100.000
For sold plant 670 10.000
8. We sold the plant in March (machinery, equipment) for 60,000 KM + VAT. The purchase value of
the plant is 100,000 KM and the written-off value at the moment of selling is 50,000 KM.Depreciation
rate is 12 %
022-Plant 0228-Value adjustmen of plant

Sa 100.000 (1b) (1b)50.000 50.000 Ba
100.000 31.03
Dep za 3 mjeseca = (100.000 x3 x12 %) : 12 = 3000
Invoice :
1. 60.000
2.VAT 10.200……..470 C
70.200…….211 (D)
Value adjustment from opening balance or on 01.01.--------dodajemo depreciation na value adjustment
Value adjustment at the moment of selling ili bez napomena na koji dan se odnosi VA -----tada ne
dodajemo depreciation na VA

540 3000
0228 3000
211 70.200
0228 50.000
022 100.000
470 10.200
670 10.000
9.We sold machine from off balance sheet for 10.000 KM +VAT
888 -Off balance assets 898-Off balance liabilities

Ba 1 1 ( 1b) (1b) 1 1 Ba
Invoice : (1a)
1. 10.000......679 C
2. VAT 1.700-------470 C
3. 11.700-----211 D

1a 211 11700
470 1700
679 10000
For sold machine rom off
balance sheet
1b 898 1
888 1
For remove from off balance
sheet
Na ovaj način se knjiži prodaja svih drugih sredstava iz off balance sheeta ( material , small inventory,
equipment , furniture itd) osim building jer kod prodaje buildinga nemamo account 470
9.We sold building from off balance sheet for 10.000 KM -----211 D
888 -Off balance assets 898-Off balance liabilities

Ba 1 1 ( 1b) (1b) 1 1 Ba

1a 211 10000
679 10.000
For sold building from off

balance sheet
1b 898 1
For closing ogg balance sheet 888 1
accounts
COSTRUCTION OF BUILDING in others arrangement
Kada se gradi građevinski objekat u tuđoj režiji ( tj kada nam druga firma tj izvođač radova gradi
građevinski objekat) od izvođača radova primamo „ interim situation or provisiona transactions -
invoice
Provisional transactions (interim situation) are recorded
Tangible fixed assets under construction 025 X
Receivables for VAT 270 X
Suppliers 432 X
For received provisional transaction

Na kraju kada se završi izgradnja građevinskog objekta od izvođača radova primamo the final
transaction ( or final sitauation) for construction of building and the difference calculated upon
receipt of the final transaction is recorded
Difference = Final transaction –the sum of all previously received and recorded provisional
transactions
Example:
According to the investment program and adopted management decision we are constructing a
building.The value of land , on which the building will be constructed, according to the invoice
amounts to 50.000 KM.The company decided to keep separate book entry for land and for the value
of the building .The tax administation has estimated the value of land to 60.000 KM.Cost of sale tax
on immovable proprety and rights are 5 %.The first interim situation of the contractor is 150.000 KM
+VAT .The second interim situation of the contractor amounts to 23.400 KM with VAT
included(23400 : 1,17 = 20.000 KM +VAT. The final situation of the contractor amounts to 250.000
KM + VAT. All liabilities were paid from transaction account. The building was accepted by joint
commision of contractor and investor and put into use on 26/11/2020. Useful life of building is 50
years. Calculate depreciation to the end of 2020.
0250---Land under costruction
0251---Building under construction
Sales tax = 60.000 X 5 % = 3000
Difference upon final = 250.000 -150.000-20.000 = 80.000 KM+VAT
Depreciation počinje od prvog narednog mjeseca od put in use....od 01.12
Depreciation rate = 100 : useful life = 100 : 50 years = 2 %
Depreciation za 1 mjesec = ( 250.000 x 1 month x 2 % ) : 12 = 416,6666 = 417 ....540 ( d) i 0218 ( C)

1a 0250 50.000
For purchased land 432 50.000
1b 0250 3.000
For calculated sales tax 482 3.000
1c 482 3.000
For paid sales tax 200 3.000
1d 0251 150.000
270 25.500
For received first interim 432 175.500
situation
1e 0251 20.000
For receivced second interim 270 3.400
situation 432 23.400
1f 0251 80.000
270 13.600
For received final situation 432 93.600
1g 432 342.500
For settled liabilities 200 342.500
1h 020 53.000
0250 53.000
For put land in use
1i For put building in use 021 250.000
0251 250.000
1j 540 417
0218 417
For calculated depreciation for
2020
250.000 je acquistion value of building and basis for depreciation
LOAN TAKEN…received on transaction account
561…….Expenses on interest ( for current period)

289…….Short term active accruals for interest related to the future period
098…….Longt term active accruals for interest related to the future period
413…..Total liabilities for long term loan taken
422……Total liabilities for short term loan taken
When we receive a financial or commercial loan, the total interest for the entire period is calculated and
recorded at the time of receipt. If the repayment period is within current period total interest are recorded
on account 561 but if the repayment period is not within the current period, we must separate the
interest of the current period from the interest of the future period. The interest of the future period is
recorded as active accruals. If the loan is short-term (repayment period no more than 12 months), the
interest related to the future period is recorded to account 289 (short term active accruals), and if the
loan is long-term (repayment period is more than 12 months), to account 098 (long term active accruals).
Repayment period is within current period : ( januaru primili kredit na 3 mjeseca)

200 X--loan
561 X---total interest
422 X----loan +total interest
For loan taken
Short term loan taken …..repayment period is not within current period ( u novembru primili kredit na
6 mjeseci I imamo dva mjeseca in current period I 4 mjeseca in future period)
200 X-loan
561 X---interest for current period
289 X----interest for future period
422 X-loan +total interest
For loan taken
Long term loan taken ( u januaru primili kredit na 3 godine)
200 X-loan
561 X-interest for current period
098 X-interest for future period
For loan taken
Total interest : 1) Loan x interest rate % per year x number of year ( repayment period)
2) Loan x interest rate % per month x number of months ( repayment period)
3) ( Loan x interest rate % per year x number of months ) : 12
4) Loan x interest rate % per month x number of year ….
Loan x interest rate % per month x ( number of years x 12 )
The loan is repaid in parts - annuities that represent equal repayment parts of the loan and the annuity
contains part of the loan and part of the interest. Annuities can be monthly, two-monthly, three-monthly-
quarterly, semi-annually or repayment of the entire loan at once on the loan maturity date.
Annuity ( instalment) = Total liabilities ( loan +total interest …account 422 ili 413) : number of
repayment
Uobičajno je da je instalment monthly I ako ne navede kakav je instalment onda je mjesečni
Example:
1 We received a loan from a bank that was paid into a transaction account in January in the amount of
100.000 KM for 3 months with an interest rate of 2% per month. The method of loan repayment is in
equal monthly annuities.
2.We paid first annuity
3.We paid second annuity
Total interest = 100.000 x 2 % per month X 3 months =6000
Annuity = 106.000 : 3 months = 35.333……..422 ( D ) I 200 (C)
1 200 100.000
561 6.000
For received loan 422 106.000
2 422 35.333
200 35.333
For paid first annuity
3 422 35.333
200 35.333
For paid second annuity
Example:
1.We received a loan from a bank that was paid into a transaction account in November in the amount
of 100.000 KM for 6 months with an interest rate of 2% per month. The method of loan repayment is in
equal two-monthly annuities.
2.We paid first annuity
3.We paid second annuity
561= 2 months x 2000 = 4000
Total interest = 100.000 x 2 % per month x 6 months = 12.000 289= 4 months x 2000 = 8000
Monthly interest = Total interest : number of months = 12.000 : 6 month = 2000
Annuity = 112.000 : 3 =37.333…….422 ( D ) I 200 (P)
1 200 100.000
561 4000
289 8000
2 422 37.333
200 37.333
For settled first annui
3 422 37.333
200 37.333
Example:
1We received a loan from a bank that was paid into a transaction account in September in the amount
of 100.000 KM for 9 months with an interest rate of 3% per year. The method of loan repayment is in
equal quarterly annuities.
2.We paid first instalment
3 We paid second instalment
4
561 = 4 month x250 = 1000
Total interest = ( 100.000 X 3 % per year x 9 months ) : 12 = 2250

289 = 2250-1000
5 month x 250=1250
Monthly interest = 2250 : 9 mjeseci = 250
Annuity = 102.250 : 3 = 34.083.33333 = 34.083 …..422 ( D) I 200 ( c)

1 200 100.000
561 1000
289 1250
2 422 34083
200 34083
Example ( 01.01-31.12)
1 We received a loan from a bank that was paid into a transaction account in April in the amount of
100.000 KM for 3 years with an interest rate of 2% per year. The method of loan repayment is in
semi-annually annuities.
2 We paid first instalment
561=9 months x 166,6666 = 1499,999 = 1500
Total interest = 100.000 x 2 % per year x 3 year = 6000

098=6000-1500 = 4500
( 27 months x 166,66666)= 4499,99
Monthly interest = 6000 : (3x12) = 6000 : 36 months = 166,6666

Instalment = 106.000 : 6 = 17.666,6666 = 17667……413(d) I 200 (p)
1 200 100.000
561 1500
098 4500
For loan taken 413 106.000
2 413 17667
200 17.667
For paid firs instalment
Kada primimo kredit za izgradnju građevinskog objekta u tuđoj izvedbi zbog mogućnosti
kapitalizacije kamate prema IAS 23 ukupnu kamatu u momentu prijema kredita privremeno knjižimo
na account 289 ( short term ) i 098 ( long term ) jer ne znamo kada će završiti izgradnja i koji iznos
kamate ćemo evidentirati na 025 a koji iznos na 561
Prijem short term loan :
200 X
289 X ----total interest
422 X
Prijem long term loan :
200 X
098 X
413 X
CAPITAL
300-Equity (in Joint stock company)

302- Shares in limited liability companies
310- Subscribed equity unpaid (In Joint stock company )
312-Subscribed shares unpaid (in Limited liability company )
320- Issuing premium (Share premium)
321-Legal reserves
322-Statutory and other reserves
330-Revaluation reserves on revaluation of fixed assets
340-Unallocated profit from previous years
341-Unallocated profit from the reporting year
350 –Loss from previous years
351 –Loss from the reporting year
360-Purchased own shares
Example no 1.
A joint stock company issues 1.000 new shares of 100 KM nominal value per shares.All the 1.000 shares were sold and
collected at the nominal value.
Example no 2.
According to decision of shareholders assembly it was allowed to carry out equity increase. A joint stock company issues
1.000 new shares of 100 KM nominal value.500 shares were sold and collected at the nominal value and 500 shares are
exchanged for equipment with fair value 40.000 KM and patent with fair value 10.000 KM.
Example no 3.
By the funding act, founders of Limited liability company (LLC) paid their shares in the amount of 100.000 KM
Example no 4.
By memorandum of association , founders of LLC invested cash in the amount 100.000 KM , equipment in the amount
20.000 KM and land in the amount 10.000 KM.
Example no 5.
Two persons have decided to found a company in a form of LLC and they have agreed that each of them will invest
50.000 KM. First member has paid the given amount into the transaction account immediately and second member
has provided the machine in the estimated value of 40.000 KM and patent in the esitmated value of 10.000 KM.
SUBSCRIBED UNPAID EQUITY IN JOINT STOCK COMPANY-account 310
Example no 1.
A joint stock company issues 1.000 new shares of 100 KM nominal value per shares with payment within 30 days.The
payment were made on time.
Example no 2.
A joint stock company issues 1.000 new shares of 100 KM nominal value per shares with payment within 30 days.
50.000 KM were paid on time but the rest of subscribed unpaid equity need to be cancelled
SUBSCRIBED UNPAID EQUITY IN LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY -account 312
Example no 1.
Six persons have decided to found a company in a form of LLC and they have agreed that each of them will invest 25.000
KM.Two members have paid the given amount into the transaction account immediately.The third member, as his share
in a company, has provided a land, the estimated value of which is 25.000 KM, the fourth member has brought the
machine in the value of 25.000 KM, while the fifth and sixth member have promised to pay their shares within 30 days.
The fifth member has fulfilled his promise, while the sixth member has not, and the decision was made to cancel his
share in the company s equity.
Example no 2.
Two persons have decided to found a company in a form of LLC and they have agreed that each of them will invest
25.000 KM. The first member has paid the given amount into the transaction account immediately. The second member
has promised to pay their shares within 30 days. As he did not pay promised amount on time so the decision was made
to cancel his share in the company s equity.
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EXCHANGE RATE DIFFERENCES
Kod stranog osnivača kod upisanog neuplaćenog kapitala mogu se pojaviti negativne i pozitivne kursne razlike
. Negativne kursne razlike koje se pojave kod uplate stranog kapitala su i dalje obaveza ulagača koja se treba
nadoknaditi do ugovorenog iznosa u ugovorenom roku koji se utvrđuje ugovorom o osnivanju tj ne knjiži se
na rashode od negativnih kursnih razlika.
Pozitivne kursne razlike koje se pojave kod uplate stranog kapitala knjiže se na prihode od pozitivnih kursnih
razlika konto 662 .Kada bi osnivači prihvatili da se pozitivna kursna razlika pripisuje osnovnom kapitalu tj da
razlika ostane osnivački ulog potrebno je donijeti takvu odluku i prezentirati je Komisiji za vrijednosne papire
i sudu i ovo se mora registrovati i u knjizi dioničara
NEGATIVE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE DIFFERENCE--Limited liabilty company
A foreign founder has subscribed 500.000 $ for founding a legal entity.The exchange rate on the day of subscription
was 1,40 for 1 $.The foreign investor has paid 500.000 $ on the company s transaction account.The exchange rate on
the day of payment was 1,30 KM for 1 $. The foreign investor has settled his liabilities for subscribed but unpaid equity.
POSITIVE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE DIFFERENCE-Limited liabilty company
the day of payment was 1,40 KM for 1 $.
POSITIVE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE DIFFERENCE--Limited liabilty company
the day of payment was 1,40 KM for 1 $. A decision was made that the difference due to the change of the exchange
rate remains the founding capital of the foreign founder
NEGATIVE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE DIFFERENCE- Joint stock company
A foreign founder has subscribed 500.000 $ for founding a joint stock company.The exchange rate on the day of
subscription was 1,40 for 1 $.The foreign investor has paid 500.000 $ on the company s transaction account.The
exchange rate on the day of payment was 1,30 KM for 1 $. The foreign investor has settled his liabilities for subscribed
but unpaid equity.
POSITIVE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE DIFFERENCE- - Joint stock company
A foreign founder has subscribed 500.000 $ for founding a joint stock company..The exchange rate on the day of
exchange rate on the day of payment was 1,40 KM for 1 $.
POSITIVE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE DIFFERENCE- - Joint stock company
A foreign founder has subscribed 500.000 $ for founding a joint stock company.The exchange rate on the day of
exchange rate on the day of payment was 1,40 KM for 1 $. A decision was made that the difference due to the change
of the exchange rate remains the founding capital of the foreign founder
ISSUING PREMIUM - ACCOUNT 320
A joint stock company issues 1.000 new shares of 100 KM nominal value per shares
a)all the 1.000 shares were sold and collected at the price of 110 KM per share
a)all the 1.000 shares were sold and collected at the price of 90 KM per share
REVALUATION RESERVESE- ACCOUNT 330
The revaluation conducted on 31 December determined the following:

-revaluation of the 20.000 KM buildings , and revaluation of their value adjustment is 2.000 KM
-revaluation of the 15.000 KM equipment , and revaluation of its value adjustment is 1.000 KM
PURCHASED OWN SHARES –account 360

Na kontu 360 ćemo imati saldo kada D.D dođe u posjed vlastitih dionica.
Vrijednost stečenih dionica se na kontu 360 iskazuju( vrjednuju) po :
-PURCHASE VALUE ORI
-NOMINAL VALUEI
Example no 1.
In opening balance :
300- Equity (10.000 kom x 100)..............................................................1.000.000 KM
We purchased 300 pcs of own shares at the price 120 KM/share and recorded them at the purchase price.
Example no 2.
300- Equity (10.000 kom x 100)..............................................................1.000.000 KM
We purchased 300 pcs of own shares at the price 120 KM/share and recorded them at the nominal value.
Example no 3.
300- Equity (10.000 kom x 100)..............................................................1.000.000 KM
We purchased 300 pcs of own shares at the price 120 KM/share and recorded them at the purchase price.
We sold 100 pcs of own shares at the price 130 KM /share and cancelled the rest (permanently withdrawn).
Example no 4.
300- Equity (10.000 kom x 100)..............................................................1.000.000 KM
We purchased 300 pcs of own shares at the price 120 KM/share and recorded them at the nominal value.
We sold 150 pcs of own shares at the price 130 KM /share and cancelled the rest (permanently withdrawn).
Example no 5.
340-Unalloacted profit from previous years ..............................................................20.000 KM
An LCC has decided to entirely allocate the rest of the unallocated profit to the initial equity.
Example no 6.
340-Unalloacted profit from previous years ..............................................................20.000 KM
An Joint stock company has decided to entirely allocate the rest of the unallocated profit to the initial equity.
Example no 7.
Primjer 3
350-Loss from previous years ..............................................................20.000 KM
An Joint stock company has decided to cover the loss from previous years from initial equity.
MANJAK ZALIHA MATERIJALA
576 – Rashodi od manjka za iznos manjka iznod dozvoljenog kala na teret rashoda ( pravnog lica)
232- Potraživanje od zaposlenih za manjak iznad dozvoljenog kalo na teret odgovornog lica
( od zaposlenika se ne može potraživati iznos manjka do visine dozvoljenog kala)
5114- Dozvoljeni kalo ( materijalni trošak)
472- Obaveze za PDV koji se obračunava na manjak iznad dozvoljenog kala
Osnovica za dozvoljeni kalo je D strana konta zaliha tj stvarna vrijednost raspoloživom materijala u
tekućem periodu .Kada se zalihe vode po stalnim cijenama osnovica za obračun dozvoljenog kala je D
strana (početno stanje, kupljeni, primljeni materijal u donaciji ) konta 101 +/- odgovarajuće odstupanje
za iznose na D strani konta 101.
MANJKA NA ZALIHI SA DOZVOLJENIMA KALOM PO STVARNIM CIJENAMA - PO METODI

PROSJEČNO PONDERISANIH CIJENA
a)Na zalihi materijala imamo 2000 kom materijala iz početnog stanja po cijeni 10 KM/kom i 3000 kom
nabavljenog materijala u tekućem periodu po cijeni 11 KM/kom. Izdato je u proizvodnju 1000 kom
materijala ( obračun utroška materijala se vrši po metodi prosječnih ponderisanih cijena. Izvršena je
invetura i utvrđeno je stvarno stanje materijala 3800 komada materijala. Dozvoljeni kalo je 3 %.
Manjak se knjiži na teret rashoda
KOLIČINA CIJENA VRIJED

NOST
DATUM OPIS ULAZ IZLAZ STANJE D P SALDO
01.01. ps 2000 2000 10 20000 20000
nabavka 3000 5000 11 33000 53000
izdavanj 1000 4000 10,6 10600 42400
e
Inventur 200 3800 10,6 2120 40280
a
PPC = SALDO : STANJE = 53000 : 5000 = 10,6 x 1000
STVARNO STANJE ( inventura) -KNJIGOVODSTVENO STANJE( analitičkom računu ili T računu)

= +( VIŠAK) – MANJAK
3800 KOM-4000 KOM= -200.......manjak je izlaz na analitičkom

Manjak se uvijek evidentira po prosječnoj cijeni i kada se vodi po FIFO metodi
PP C = 42400:4000 = 10,6 X 200 = 2120
)
Obračun manjka
1.UKUPNI MANJAK sa analitičkog računa ...................... 2120 ----101 P –Zalihe materijala
2. DOZVOLJENI MANJAK (KALO) (53.000 x3 % )................1590----5114 D ---Troškovi
materijala za kalo, rastur, kvar i lim-----MATERIJALNI TROŠKOVI
3.PREKOMJERNI (NEDOZVOLJENI ) MANJAK (1-2) ...........530 ----OBRAČUNAVA pdv
4. PDV 530 x17 % ..................90 -----472 ( P) ---Obaveze za PDV
u neposlovne svrhe
5. UKUPNO (3+4) .................620
576 D 232 D
Manjak –ostali rashodi ili Potraživanje od zaposlenih
Manjak iznad dozvoljenog kala + obaveza za PDV se knjizi na rashode ( 576) ili na
potraćivanje od zaposlenih (232)
Manjak u visini ili do iznosa dozvoljenog kala se knjiži na materijalane troškove ( troškove ) i
nemamo obavezu za PDV za ovaj manjak
Konto D P
576 620
472 90
5114 1590
101 2120
Za utvrđeni manjak
b) Isti primljer samo je dozvoljeni kalo 5 %

1.UKUPNI MANJAK NA ZALIHI ...................................2120----101 P
2.DOZVOLJENI KALO (53.000 X 5 % ) .........................2650--------2120------5114 D
3.PREKOMJERNI MANJAK ( OPOREZ OSNOVICA ) (1-2) -530
5114 2120
101 2120
ZA UTVRDJENI MANJAK
MANJKA NA ZALIHI SA DOZVOLJENIMA KALOM PO STVARNIM CIJENAMA - PO FIFO
METODI
Na zalihi materijala imamo 2000 kom materijala iz početnog stanja po cijeni 10 KM/kom i
3000 kom nabavljenog materijala u tekućem periodu po cijeni 11 KM/kom. Izdato je u
proizvodnju 1000 kom materijala ( obračun utroška materijala se vrši po FIFO metodi ).
Izvršena je invetura i utvrđeno je stanje 3850 komada materijala. Dozvoljeni kalo je 2 %.
Manjak se knjiži na teret odgovornog lica
1000x10 Km
KOLIČINA CIJENA VRIJED

NOST
DAT OPIS ULAZ IZLAZ STANJE D P SALDO
UM
01.01. Početno 2000 2000 10 20000 20000
stanje
Nabavka 3000 5000 11 33.000 53.000
Izdavanje 1000 4000 10 10.000 43.000
Inventura - 150 3850 10,75
manjak
PPC = 43.000 : 4000 = 10,75x150 = 1612,5= 1612

Da je bilo 1612,51 =1613
STVARNO STANJE –KNJIGOVODSTVENO = 3850-4000=-150----MANJAK TJ IZLAZ NA ANALITIČKOM
RAČUNU
Obračun manjka
1.UKUPNI MANJAK ............................................................1612-----101 P
2. DOZVOLJENI MANJAK ( 53.000 x 2 % ) ..........................1060----5114 D
3.PREKOMJERNI (NEDOZVOLJENI ) MANJAK (1-2)........... 552
4. PDV ................................................17 % na 552...........94-------472 (P)
5. UKUPNO (3+4)................................................................646-----232 (D)
Konto D P
232 646
472-Obaveze za PDV u neposlovne svrhe 94
5114-Troškovi materijala za kalo 1060
101 1612
Za utvrđerni manjak materijala
470----Obaveze za PDV u poslovne svrhe ( prodaja sredstva za novac; zamjena jednog

sredstva za drugo , razmjena sredstva ( davanje sredstva) za izmirenje obaveze .prodaja
sredstava i iz bilansne i vanbilansne evidencije
472---Obaveze za PDV u neposlovne svrhe( doniranje Tj poklanjanje sredstava, manjak iznad
dozvoljenog kala; rashodovanje zaliha ( ne stalnih sredstava jer kod njih nemamo obavezu za
PDV jer ta sredstva se po rashodovanju prenose u vanbilansnu evidenciju i fizički su oistala u
firmi) ako nismo obezbjedili odgovarajući inspekcijski zapisnik tj ako nismo pozvali poreskog
inspektora
MANJKA NA ZALIHI MATERIJALA PO STALNIM CIJENAMA-POZITIVNO ODSTUPANJE
Saldo materijala je 101 je 24.000 KM i odstupanje je pozitivno 4.000 KM Izdato je u

proizvodnju 12.000 KM materijala .Nakon toga je izvršena inventura (popis) i utvrđena
vrijednost zaliha iznosi 9600 KM. Dozvoljeni kalo je 2 %. Manjak se knjiži na teret rashoda
Obračun manjka
• PLANSKA VRIJ MANJKA..............................2400----101 P
• ODSTUPANJE ZA MANJAK (POZ) .............400----108 D --suprotne strane oduzimamo
1. STVARNA VRIJEDNOST MANJKA..................2000
2. DOZVOLJENI KALO .......................................400-----5114 D
3.PREKOMJERNI (NEDOZVOLJENI ) MANJAK (1-2) ..1600
4.PDV..................................................................272------472 P
5.UKUPNO (3+4).................................................1872----576 D
Knjigovodstveno stanje je saldo na T računu 101.......12.000
Stvarno stanje je popisom utvrđeno stanje......... 9600
STVARNO –KNJIGOVODSTVENO = 9600-12.000 = -2400-----MANJAK I EVIDENTIRAMO GA NA P

STRANU KONTA 101
Osnica za dozvoljeni kalo je D strana konta 101 tj početni saldo +/- njegovo odstupanje
+nabavljeni materij +/- njegovo odstupanje + dobiveni materijal na poklon +/-njegovo
odstupanje
Osnovica za dozvoljeni kalo = (24.000-4000) x2 % = 400
101 Zalihe materijala -plan vrijed 108 -Odstupanje od cijena materijala +

Sa24000 12000!1a) (1b)2000 4000 Sa
S 12000 2400(2a) (2a)400 Sa 2000
511 Troškovi materijala 519 Ukalkulisana odstupanja od cijena materijala

2000 (1b)
(1a)12.000
Odtupanje za izdati materijal = (12000 x4000) : 24000 = 2000----na suprotnu stranu od salda
Odstupanje za manjak materijala = (2400 x2000):12000 = 400---na suprotnu stranu od
dalda
D p
1a) 511 12.000
101 12.000
Za izdati materijla „a“
1b) 108 2.000
519 2.000
Za odstupanje za izdati materijal
2a)
576 1872
472 272
5114 400
108 400
101 2400
Za manjak materijala
Troškovi su uvijek na D a jedini trošak koji može biti na P je 519---Troškovi za odstupanja i ako je
na P onda je on umanjenje troškova i on se oduzima od ukupnih troškova
TROŠKOVI = ( 12.000 -2000 +400) = 10.400
RASHODI = 1872
MANJKA NA ZALIHI MATERIJALA PO STALNIM CIJENAMA -NEGATIVNO ODSTUPANJE

Saldo materijala je 101 je 24.000 KM i odstupanje je negativno 4.000 KM Izdato je u
proizvodnju 12.000 KM materijala .Nakon toga je izvršena inventura (popis) i utvrđena
vrijednost zaliha iznosi 9600 KM. Dozvoljeni kalo je 2 %. Manjak se knjiži na teret rashoda
Obračun manjka
• PLANSKA VRIJ MANJ ......................................2400---101 P
• ODSTUPANJE ZA MANJAK (POZ) ........................400---108 P
1. STVARNA VRIJEDNOST .........................................2800
2. DOZVOLJENI KALO .............................................. 560 -----5114 D
3.PREKOMJERNI (NEDOZVOLJENI ) MANJAK (1-2) 2240
4.PDV.......................................................................381-----472 P
5.UKUPNO (3+4).......................................................2621---576 D
STVARNO –KNJIGOVODTVENO
9600-12000= -2400
Osnovica za Kalo = (24000+4000)x2 % = 560
1.Koliko iznose troškovi u ovoj poslovnoj promjeni

2.Koliko iznose rashodi
101 Zalihe materijala 108 -Odstupanje od cijena materijala +

Sa 24000 12000(1a) Sa4000 2000 (1b)
Sa 12000 2400 ( 2a) Sa 2000 400 ( 2a)
511 Troškovi materijala 519 Ukalkulisana odstupanja od cijena materijala
(1a)12000
(1b)2000
Odstupanje za izdati materijal = (12.000 x 4000) :24000 = 2000----suprotno od salda
Odstupanje za manjak materijala = ( 2400 x2000) : 12000 = 400----suprotno od salda
1a) 511 12.000
101 12.000
Za izdati materijala
1b) 519 2000
108 2.000
Za odstupanje za izdati materijal
2a)
576 –manjak –ostali rashodi 2621
472 381
5114-Troškovi materijala za kalo 560
108 400
101 2400
Za manjak materijala
Konta od 511---559 ......................TROŠKOVI
500,501,502,510----rashodi i konta 560-599-----RASHODI
TROŠKOVI = 12000+ 2000 +560=14560
RASHODI = 2621
MATERIAL
I)ACQUISTION OF MATERIAL
Materijal možemo steći na jedan od sljedećih načina :

1)kupovinom u zemlji i iz inostranstva
2)prijemom na poklon (donirani materijal)
3)kroz kupovinu drugog preduzeća pri čemu stičemo materijal kupljenog preduzeća
4)viškovi materijala na zalihi
5)razmjenom materijala za potraživanja (prijemom materijala se naplaćuju potraživanja)-exchange
for receivables
1 PURCHASE OF MATERIAL
Kod nabavke (kupovine)materijala u zemlji svaku primljenu fakturu za nabavku materijala ( faktura
za materijal, faktura za prevoz materijala, osiguranje materijala u prevozu itd) knjižimo :
NO Description Account Debit Credit
1 Calculation of acquisition cost 100 X

Suppliers-domestic 432 X
Uskladištenje materijala (kada se materijal u skladištu vodi po stvarnim cijenama ) se knjiži :
1 Inventories of material 101 X

Calculation of acquisition cost 100 X
Pošto se u zadacima nabavljaju dva ili više materijala (materijal A, materijal B , materijal C
itd)potrebno je prilikom nabavke koristiti analitiku na kontu 100 dodavanjem dvocifrenog broja na
100 i to redom 00 za materijal A, 01 za materijal B ,02 za materijal C itd za fakturu od dobavljača
materijala i za svaki zavisni trošak nabavke posebno .Kod fakture za prevoz na konto 100 dodajemo
brojeve 10,11,12 ITD, za osiguranje na konto 100 dodajemo brojeve 20,21,22 itd , za carinu kod
uvoza na konto 100 dodajemo brojeve 30,31,32 itd .Analitika se uvodi i na konto zaliha materijala tj
na konto 101 se dodaju brojevi 00,01,02 za materijal u vlastitom skladištu, a za materijal u
unajmljenom tj tuđem skladištu na konto 101 se dodaju brojevi 10,11,12, itd i to :
100 00-invoice value of material A

100 01- invoice value of material B
106
100 02- invoice value of material C
100 10- Transport of material A

100 11 – Transport of material B
100 12- Transport of material C
100 20-Insurance of material A

100 21-Insurance of material B
100 22- Insurance of material C
100 30-Custom of material A

100 31- Custom of material B
100 32- Custom of material C
Invoices for purchased material – domestic are recorded :
Calculation of acquisition cost for mat A 10000 X

Calculation of acquisition cost for mat B 10001 X
Calculation of acquisition cost for mat C 10002 X
Suppliers-domestic 432 X
Invoices for purchased material from abroad are recorded (KM equivalent is recorded, calculated
at the given exchange rate) :
Calculation of acquisition cost for mat A 10000 X

Calculation of acquisition cost for mat B 10001 X
Calculation of acquisition cost for mat C 10002 X
Suppliers-foreign 433 X
107
Invoices for transport of material are allocated between materials per quantity :
Transport of material A =
(Total value of transport without VAT : Total quantity of materials ) X quantity of material A
Transport of material B =
(Total value of transport without VAT : Total quantity of materials ) X quantity of material B
NO DESCRIPTION ACCOUNT Debit Credit
1 Calcul of acq.cost –trans. of mat. A 10010 X

Calcul of acq.cost –trans. of mat. B 10011 X
Calcul of acq.cost –trans. of mat. C 10012 X
Suppliers -domestic 432 X

Invoices for insurance of purchased material are allocated between material per value: :
Insurance of material A =
( Total value of insurance : Total value of materials ) X value of material A
Insurance of material B =
( Total value of insurance : Total value of materials ) X value of material B
1 Calcul of acq.cost –insurance of of mat. A 10020 X

Calcul of acq.cost –insurance of of mat. B 10021 X
Calcul of acq.cost –insurance of of mat. C 10022 X
Suppliers -domestic 432 X
Warehousing of purchased material:

101-Inventories of material
10100-Inventories of material A in own
10101-Inventories of material B
10102-Inventories of material C
For rented warehouse dodaje se analitika 10,11,12

10110---Inventories of material A in rented warehouse
10111----Inventories of material B in rented warehouse
10112----Invnetories of material C in rented warehouse
Kod uskladištenja materijala (pošto se za svaki trošak nabavke vodi poseban konto ) zatvaraju se svi
pojedinačni obračuni koji se odnose na taj materijal ,a zbir svih iznosa na tim kontima koji
108
predstavlja nabavnu vrijednost materijala evidentiramo na zalihu ( konto 101) tj na odgovarajući
analitički konto i to :
Warehousing of purchased material-domestic
a) At actaul price
Warehousing of material A:
Inventories of material A 10100 X
Calculation of acquistion costs of mat. A 10000 X
Calcul of acq.cost –trans. of mat. A 10010 X
Calcul of acq.cost –insurance of of mat. A 10020 X
For put in warehouse of mat. A
Warehousing of material B:
Inventories of material B 10101 X
Calculation of acquistion costs of mat. B 10001 X
For put in warehouse of mat. B
Warehousing of material C:
Inventories of material C 10102 X
Calculation of acquistion costs of mat. C 10002 X
Calcul of acq.cost –insurance of of mat. C 10022 X
For put in warehouse of mat. C
b) At standard ( planned) price

Warehousing of material A:
Inventories of material A 10100 X

Price discrepancy of mater. A 10800 X or X
Calculation of acquistion costs of mat. A 10000 X
Calcul of acq.cost –trans. of mat. A 10010 X
Calcul of acq.cost –insurance of of mat. A 10020 X
For put in warehouse of mat. A
Warehousing of material B :
Inventories of material B 10101 X

Price discrepancy of mater. B 10801 X or X
Calculation of acquistion costs of mat.B 10001 X
109
For put in warehouse of mat. B
Warehousing of material C :
Inventories of material C 10102 X

Price discrepancy of mater. C 10802 X or X
Calculation of acquistion costs of mat. c 10002 X
Calcul of acq.cost –insurance of of mat.CB 10022 X
For put in warehouse of mat. C
Purchase of materials from abroad
Customs
Carina kod uvoza materijala ( kupovine iz inostranstva) se obračunava po zadatoj stopi na
Invoiced value of purchased material ( without discount)+Transportation costs to the border of
BiH :
1 Customs for material A 10030 X

Customs for material B 10031 X
Customs for material C
Liabilities for customs 482 X
For calculated custom
Napomena :
Kod uvoza materijala nakon obračuna carine obračunava se VAT . Osnovica za obračun VAT-a je
Invoiced value of purchased material ( without discount)+ Customs+Transportation costs to the
border of BiH+Transporation costs from the border to destination ako na toj fakturi nije naveden
VAT.
The calculated VAT is recorded :
110
1 VAT paid at imports of goods 271 X

Liabilities for VAT that are paid on imports 484 X
Obračunati PDV i carina se uvijek nakon obračuna plaćaju i kada to nije navedeno u poslovnoj
promjeni i to :
1 Liabilities for customs 482 X

Liabilities for VAT that are paid on import 484 X
Transaction account 200 X
For paid customs and VAT
NAPOMENA : Kod uvoza odobreni popusti (rabati ) koji su navedeni na fakturi umanjuju samo
vrijednost materijala koju je fakturisao ino dobavljača ali se ne uračunavaju u osnovicu za obračun
carine i PDV-a tj za carinu je vrijednost fakture bez rabata (popusta)+prevoz do granice (ako je
naveden)
TERM OF SALE : FOB customers (destination point) , FOB suppliers (Shipping point)
Ukoliko se pri nabavci materijala navede klauzula FOB customets or destination point to znači da
navedene cijene po kojim smo kupili materijal uključuju osim fakturisane cijene i sve zavisne
troškove nabavke do našeg skladišta ( jer smo mi kupac) i u tom slučaju navedene fakture za zavisne
troškove nabavke ( faktura za prevoz, osiguranje itd) se ne knjiže i ne uključuju u obračun nabavne
vrijednosti.
Ukoliko se pri nabavci materijala navede klauzula FOB suppliers (or shipping point) to znači da
navedene cijene po kojim smo kupili materijal uključuju samo vrijednost fakturisanog materijala i u
tom slučaju ćemo morati snositi troškove prevoza, utovara, istovara , osiguranja itd tj. o svom trošku
preuzimamo materijal u skladištu dobavljača i knjižimo i uključujemo u obračun fakture za zavisne
troškove nabavke .Ako se navede faktura za prevoz ili osiguranje materijala i naznači da je ih je
dobavljač ili neko drugi platio ta faktura se ne knjiži (to nije naša faktura)
The main purpose of the material is to be used in the production of finished products and when the material is
issued for production then we have no liabilities for VAT When the material in stock is recorded at actual
prices we use one of the following two methods to calculate costs of material---accont 511 :
1.average price method
111
Average price = Balance of value : Balance of quantity
2.FIFO METHOD---mora se navesti ako nije navedena metoda onda se koristi average method
Issued material A in production at actual price( or historical cost is recorded
NO DESCRIPTION Account Debit Credit
1 Costs of material 511 X

Inventories of material „a“ 10100 X
For issued material in production
Issued material A in production at standard price is recorded :
NO DESCRIPTION Account Debit Credit
1 Costs of material 511 X

Inventories of material „a“ 10100 X
For issued material in production
2a) Calculated price discrepancy 519 X

Price discrepancy of material A 10800 X
For price discrepancy
Or
2b) Price discrepancy of material A 10800 X
Calculated price discrepancy 519 X
For price dicrepancy of issued material
Price discrepancy for issued material : (Standard (planned) value X Balance of price discrepancy ):
Balance of inventory
112
Example 1
1. 1000 pieces of material „ a“ were purchased at the price of 11,7 KM with VAT( 11,7 : 1,17 = 10
KM+VAT) and 500 pices of material „b“ at the price of 12 KM/pieces + VAT.An invoice for the
transport of material was received in the amount 2340 KM with VAT included( 2340 : 1,17 = 2000
KM+VAT. Term of sale is FOB suppliers.The material was stored in own warehouse.
2. We issued into production 500 pcs of material „a“ and 200 pcs of material „b“ in production.
Issuing is recorded by average price method.
Ivd ---invoice for purchased material for recording
Purchase of material :
I ) Calculation of acquisition cost
II) Subledger account( actual price) or T accounts ( standard or planned or fixed price----108-Price disrepancy)
III) Journal
FOB customers ( destination point) = VAC
Ivd = invoice value with discount------invoice for material for recording

AV = acquistion value = Ivd +VAC
10011 (D)
10000
10010 (d)
Calculation of acquistion costs ---without VAT
D Input Price
No Desc Q X P = Value - Doscount = Ivd- + VAC = AV : Q = AP
00;01 Trans Insur
1 A 1000 x 10 = 10000 - 0 = 10000 + 1333 = 11333 : 1000 = 11,333
2 B 500 x 12 = 6000 - 0 = 6000 + 667 = 6667 : 500 = 13,334
16.000 2000
10001(d) VAT 2720...270 d 340..270

18720....432 c 2340....432
AV ; Q ; AP ---unosimo u Subledger account
Allocation of transport between material : 2000 KM
Transport of material A = (Total transport without VAT : Total quantity of material(A+B)) X quantity of material
A
Transport of materia A = (2000 : 1500 pcs) x1000 pcs = 1333,333---------1333
113
Transprot of material B = (2000 : 1500 pcs ) x500 pcs tj 2000-1333=---- 667
JOURNAL

1a Calc of acquistion cost for 10000 10000
value of material A
Calc of acquistion cost for 10001 6000
value of material B
270 2720
432 18720
1b Calculation of acquistion 10010 1333
costs for transport of
material A
Calculation of acquistion 10011 667
costs for transport of
material B
270 340
432 2340
For received invoice for
transport
114
1c Inventories of material A 10100 11333
10000 10000
10010 1333
For put material A in
warehouse
1d Inventories of material B 10101 6667
Value of material B 10001 6000
Transport of material B 10011 667
For put material B in
warehouse
2a Costs of material 511 5667

Inventories of material 10100 5667
For issued material in
production
2b Costs of material 511 2667
Inventories of material B 10101 2667
For issued material B
2 Ili u jednom stavu 511 8334
A 10100 5667
B 10101 2667
115
Sub-ledger account for material ''a''----------10100
Date Description Quantity Price Value-10100

No
Input Output Balance D C Ba
1 Acquistion 1000 1000 11,3333 11.333 11.333

2 Issuing in production 500 500 11,3333 5667 5666
Average price = Balance of value : Balance of quantity = 11333 : 1000 = 11,3333

500 pcs x11,33333 = 5666,66= 5667------------------------511 (D) i 10100 C
116
Sub-ledger account for material ''b''------10101
Date Description Quantity Price Value

No
1 Acquistion 500 500 13,334 6667 6667

2 Issuing in production 200 300 13,334 2667 4000
Average price = 6667 : 500 pcs = 13,334

Value of issued material = 200 pcs X 13,334= 2666,8 = 2667------511 (D) i 10101 (C)
Example 2
On 01/01/2020 manufacturing company LLC „San“ had balance on these accounts

10110........Material „a“ in rented warehouse 50.000 (5000 pcs x10 KM)
10111.......Material „b“ in rented warehouse 10.000 (2000 pcs x5 KM
1. From a domestic supplier we bought 1000 pieces of material „ a“ with an invoice value of 10 KM
+VAT per piece and 500 pices of material „b“ at the price of 12 KM/pices + VAT.An invoice for the
transport of material was received in the amount 2.340 KM with VAT included. Term of sale is FOB
customer.The material was stored in rented warehouse. (VAC = 0)
2. We issued into production from rented warehouse 5500 pcs of material „a“ and 2200 pcs of
material „b“ in production. Issuing is recorded by FIFO method.
117
10000 (D)
10001(D)
Calculation of acquistion costs
No Desc Q X P = Value - Doscount = IVd + VAC = AV : Q = AP

Trans Insur
1 A 1000 x 10 = 10000 - 0 = 10000 + 0 0 = 10000 : 1000 = 10
2 B 500 x 12 = 6000 - 0 = 6000 + 0 0 = 6000 : 500 = 12
16000
VAT 2720--270
18720---432 (C)
JOURNAL

1a Value of material A 10000 10.000
Value of material B 10001 6.000
270 2720
432 18720
1b Inventories of material A in 10110 10.000
rented warehouse 10000 10.000
1c Inventories of material B in 10111 6000

rented warehouse 10001 6000
2a Costs of material 511 55.000

Material A in rented 10110 55.000
warehouse
For issued material A
2b Costs of material 511 12.400

Material B in rented 10111 12.400
warehouse
For issued material
118
Sub-ledger account for material ''a'' 10110 500 X 10 KM

No
1 1.1. Opening balance 1)5000 5000 10 50.000 50.000

2 Acquistion 2)1000 6000 10 10.000 60.000
Issuing in production
5500 5000 1000 10 50000 10.000
500 500 10 5000 5.000
Issued material = 50.000+5000= 55.000----511 (D) i 10110 (C)
119
Sub-ledger account for material ''b''----10111 300 pcs x12

No
1 1.1. Opening balance 1)2000 2000 5 10.000 10.000

2 Acquistion 2)500 2500 12 6.000 16.000
3 Issuing in production
2200 pcs 2000 500 5 10.000 6000
200 300 12 2400 3600
Issued material = 10.000+2400 = 12.400----511 (D) i 10111 (C)
Example : Standard price
10100---Material „a“ in own warehouse (5000kom mat „a“ x 9,00)................................. 45.000

10101---Material „b“ in own warehouse (2000 kom mat „b“ x 10,00).................. ..........20.000
10800---Price discrepancy of material „A“ (-) 2000 or negative(D)
10801---Price discrepancy of material „B (+) 5000 or positive(C)
1.From domestic supplier”M” we purchased 1000 pcs of material „a“ at the price of 9,30
KM/kom +17 % VAT and 3000 pcs of material „B“ at the price 12,87 KM with VAT included.(
12,87 : 1,17 = Due to the purchased quantity supplier “M” has give us a discount of 2 % on
those prices. on the invoice. Insurance costs according to an invoice of the insurance
company were 500 KM .Material is recorded in the own warehouse
120
2.We issued into production 10.000 KM of material “a” and 1000 pcs of material “b”
I) Calculation of acquisition costs
II) T account (10100; 10800; 10101 I 10801)
III) Journal 10000
10020 (D)
Calculation of acquistion costs ----sve iznose zaokružujemo osim price ( na 4 decimale) 10021 (D)
T 101 D T 108
No Desc Q X P = Value - Discount = IVd + VAC = AV Inventory Price
Insur (standard) discrepancy
Q x stand
price
1 A 1000 x 9,3 = 9300 - 186 = 9114 + 110 = 9224 9000 -224
(1000x9)
2 B 3000 x 11,00 = 33000 - 660 = 32340 + 390 = 32730 30.000 -2730
(3000x10)
41454 500---432
VAT 7047--270
10001 48502--432
Price discrepancy = Inventory ( standard value) –AV

Discount = Value x rate %
Discount for A = 9300 X 2 % = 186
Discount for B = 33.000 x2 % = 660
Price discrepancy of A = 9000-9224= -224
Price discrepancy of B = 30.000-32730=-2730
Allocation of insurance per value ; Value of material A = 9114: Value of material B = 32340 ; Total value = 41454
Insurance of material A =( Total insurance : Total value of material) X Value of material A = (500 :41454) X 9114
= 109,92 = 110
Insurance of material B = ( 500 : 41454) X 32340 ili 500-110 = 390
121
1a Value of A 10000 9114
Value of material B 10001 32340
270 7047
432 48502
For received invoice fior

purchased material
1b Insurance of A 10020 110
Insurance of B 10021 390
432 500
insurance
10100 9000
1c 10800 224
10000 9114
10020 110
For put material A in
warehouse
1d 10101 30.000
For put material B in 10801 2.730
warehouse 10001 32340
10021 390
Actual value = Standard value ( Planned value ) + Price discrepancy ako su na istoj strani (DD ili CC
Avrual value of material A from opening balance = 45.000 +2000 = 47.000
Actual value = Standard value ( Planned value ) Price discrepancy ako su na suprotnoj strani (D C ili CD)
Material A
D C
10100 ..... Inventories of material „a“ 9 - 10800.. Price discreapancy of material „a“ + Actual value 1.1 =
Ba 45000 Ba 2000
122
(1)9000 (1)224
511......Costs of material 519...Calculated price discrepancy
Material B
10101.....Inventories of material „b“ 10 -10801...Price discrepancy of material „b“ +

Ba20.000 (1)2730 5000 Ba
(1)30000
Example 1
101........Inventories of material „A“ (500 pcs.)........................................................15.000
123
1.From a foreign suppliers „V“ we bought 400 pcs of material „A“ with an invoice value of 30 $ per
pices and 600 pcs of material „B“ with an invoice value of 40 $ per pices. Customs rate on imported
material is 11 %.After calculating customs duties and VAT , liabilities towards state were paid and
material were stored in our warehouse. Exchange rate for $ and KM on the day of the invoice for
material and transportation was 100 $ = 152 KM ( 1 $ = 1,52 KM) and on the day of the customs
clearance 1 $ = 1,55 KM.
2.We issued into production 50 % of material “a” and 40 % of material “b” by using
average price method
10001 D
10000 D
Calculation of acquistion costs 10030(d) 10031 D

Customs Insur = D Input Price
1 A 400 x 45,6 = 18240 - 0 = 18240 + 2046 = 20286 : 400 = 50,715
2 B 600 X 60,80 = 36480 - 0 = 36480 + 4092 = 40572 : 600 = 67,62
54720—433 C 6138-482 C
Price for material
A = 30 $ x 1,52 KM = 45,6 KM
B = 40 $ x 1,52 KM = 60,80 KM
Invoice for material u $
A= 400 x30 $ = 12.000 $
B = 600 x40 $ = 24.000 $
36.000 $
Customs =( Invoice value for material in KM +transport to the border in KM) x customs rate%
Customs for material A = ( 12000 $ x 1,55 KM ) x11 %= 2046-----10030 (D)
Customs for material B = ( 24.000 $ x 1,55 KM ) X 11 % = 4092.....10031 (D)
6138-----482 (C) Liabilities for customs
VAT =( (36.000 $ x1,55 KM) + 6138) x17 % = (55800+6138) X17 % = 10.529,46 = 10529----271 (D) i 484
(C)
JOURNAL

1a Value of material „ A“ 10000-A 18240
Value of material „B“ 10001--B 36480
Foreign supplier 433 54720
1b Customs for material „A“ 10030-A 2046

Custroms of material „B“ 10031--B 4092
Liabilities for customs 482 6138
For calculated customs
124
1c Receivables for VAT for 271 10529
import
Liabilities for VAT for import 484 10529
For calculated VAT
1d 482 6138
484 10529
200 16.667
1e Inventories of material „A“ 10100 20.286

10000 18240
10030 2046
For put material „A“ in
warehouse
1f Inventories of material „B“ 10101 40.572
10001 36480
10031 4092
For put material „B“ in
warehouse
2a Costs of material 511 10143
10100 10143
For issued material „A“
2b 511 16229
10101 16229
For issued material „B“
125
Sub-ledger account for material ''a''-----10100 --Invnentories of material A

No
1 Acquistion 400 400 50,715 20286 20286

2 Issuing in
production(400 pcs x50 200 200 50,715 10143 10143
% = 200 pcs
Average price = Balance of value : Balance of quantity = 20286 : 400 = 50,715

Value of issued material = 200 x50,715= 10.143-------511 (D) i 10100 C)
126
Sub-ledger account for material ''b''----10101—Inventories of material B

No
1 Acquistion 600 600 67,62 40.572 40572

Issued in production ( 240 360 67,62 16229 24.343
600 x40 % = 240 pcs
Average price = 40572 : 600 = 67,62

Issued material = 240 x67,62 KM = 16228,8 = 16229-----511 (D) i 10101 C
Example
101........Inventories of material „A“ (500 pcs.)........................................................15.000 ( Price =
15000 : 500 pcs = 30
From a foreign suppliers „XX“ we bought 500 pcs of material „A“ with an invoice value of 12 $ per
pieces, per exchange rate of 1 $ = 1,4 KM.The transportation costs to the border were 1000
$.Customs rate on imported material is 10 %. and also VAT 17%.Transportation of purchased
materials from the border to our warehouse was done by the transport comapany for which they
turned out an invoice on the amount od 600 KM +VAT.Liabilities towards goverment were
settled.Material is recorded in the own warehouse.
127
Calculation of acquistion costs 10000 D 10010 D 10030 D 10011 D

Trans Cust Tr
1 A 500 x 16,8 = 8400 - 0 = 8400 + 1400 980 600 11380 : 500 = 22,76
8400-433 C 1400—433 C 980—482 VAT 102--270
702---432
Price for materila = 12 $ x 1,4 KM = 16,8 KM ; Invoice for material in $ = 500 pcs x 12 $ = 6000 $
Transport to border = 1000 $ x1,4 KM = 1400
Customs = ((6000 $ x 1,4 KM) +(1000 $ x1,4 KM ) ) x10 % = ( 8400+1400) x 10 % = 980
VAT = ( ( 6000 $ x1,4 KM ) +( 1000 $ x1,4 KM) +980) x17 % = (8400+1400+980) x17 % = 1832,6= 1833-
--271(D) i 484 (C)
JOURNAL

1a 10000 8400
433 8400
For purchaced material
1b 10010 1400
433 1400
For transport to the border
1c 10030 980
482 980
For customs
1d 271 1833
484 1833
For VAT
1e 10011 600
270 102
432 702
For transport from the
border
1f 482 980
484 1833
200 2813
1g Inventories of material „a“ 10100 11.380
10000 8400
10010 1400
10030 980
10011 600
128
Sub-ledger account for material ''a''----10100

No
1 Opening balance 500 500 30 15000 15000

Acquisition 500 1000 22,76 11380 26380
Example
101........Inventories of material „A“ (500 pcs.)........................................................15.000 ( Standard
price = 15.000 : 500 = 30
108------price discrepancy of standard price for material „A“.................................150 (C)
129
From a foreign suppliers „XX“ we bought 500 pcs of material „A“ with an invoice value of 12 $ per
pieces..The transportation costs to the border were 1000 $. And from the border to our warehouse
2000 KM plus VAT.Customs rate on imported material is 11 %. After calculating customs duties and
VAT on 15/01, obliagtions towards the state were paid and material were stored in our warehouse.
We settled all liabilities towards foreign suppliers.Exchange rate for $ and KM on the day of the
invoice for material and transportation was 100 $ = 160 KM , on the day of customs clearance 1 $ =
1,65 KM , on the day of payment 1 $ = 1,70 KM.

T T
Tr Tr Cus (standard)101 discrepancy
from 108(101-
the AV)
border
1 A 500 x 19,2 = 9600 - 0 = 9600 + 1600 2000 1270 = 14470 15000 (+) 530
(500 pcs x30 KM)
9600 1600 VAT 340--270 1270-482
2340
Price = 12 $ x 1,6 KM = 19,2 KM ; Invoice for material in $ = 500 x12 $ = 6000 $
Invoice for transport to the border = 1000 $ x 1,6 KM = 1600 KM 10100 D 10800 C
Customs = ( ( 6000 $ x1,65 KM ) +( 1000 $ x 1,65) ) X 11 % = (9900+1650) x11 % = 1270,5= 1270----provjeriti

1270,50 = 1270
1270,51= 1271
VAT = ( (6000 $ x1,65) +(1000 $ x1,65) +1270) ) x17 % = (9900+1650 +1270) x17 % = 2179,4 = 2179---271 (D) i
484 (C)
Price discrepancy = Inventories ( 101) –AV = 15000-14470 = +530
JOURNAL

1a 10000 9600
433 9600
For purchased material
1b 10010 1600
433 1600
For transport to the border
1c 10011 2000
270 340
432 2340
For transport frm the border
130
1d 10030 1270
482 1270
For customs
1e 271 2179
484 2179
For VAT
1f 482 1270
484 2179
200 3449
For paid customs and VAT

1g Inventories of material „A“-T 10100 15000
Price discrepancy-T 10800 530
10000 9600
10010 1600
10011 2000
10030 1270
For put material in
warehouse
1h (9600+1600) 433 11200
( 7000 $ x1,70 tj (11200 :
1,60) x1,70 = 11900 200 11900
Negative exchange rate 562 700
(expenses)
Difference on D -------562-Negative exchange rate ( financial expenses)

On C ------662-Positive exchange rate ( financial revenues)
Material A
131
10100 ..... Inventories of material „a“30 D - 10800.. Price discreapancy of material „a“ + C
Ba 15000 150 Ba
(1)15000
530 (1)
Material B
10101.....Inventories of material „b“ -10801...Price discrepancy of material „b“ +
2) RECEIVED DONATION
Kada se materijal i druge zalihe ( 102-rezervni dijelovi, 103-ambalaža ili auto gume, 104-sitan
inventar i sitan alata,132-roba u skladištu) prime bez naknade utvrđuje se fer procijenjena vrijednost
koja se knjiži na odgovarajući konto zalihe i na REVENUES FROM DONATION –account 652 na C (jer
zalihe ne podliježu amortizaciji)i unosi kao ulaz na analitički račun.Kada primimo na poklon stalno
sredstvo koje podliježe amortizaciji ne knjižimo konto 652 već account 407-DEFERRED INCOME
FROM DONATION na C
Npr. We received 10.000 KM of material A from donation. Material is put in warehouse.
1a) 10000 X
652 X
132
1b) 10100 X
10000 X
Napomena :
Ovako stečeni mateijal se mora unijeti na analitički račun materijala pri čemu treba izračunati
cijenu primljenog materijala tj:
Cijena materijala : Fer procijenjena vrijednost : komadima ili kilogramima primljenog materijala
3)STICANJE ZALIHA KROZ KUPOVINU NETO IMOVINE DRUGOG PREDUZEĆA

Kod kupovine neto imovine drugog preduzeća knjižimo navedenu fer procjenjenu vrijednost stečenih
sredstava i obaveza na odgovarajući konto, iznos koji smo platili za sticanje knjižimo na P stranu
konta 200-transakcijski račun, i ako se nakon unošenja prethodno navedenog pojavi razlika na D
strani knjiži se konto 012-Goodwill ,a ako se pojavi razlika na P strani knjiži se konto 687-Revenues
from value adjustment from capital. Ukoliko smo kroz kupovinu neto imovine stekli materijal
(navešće se da li se radi o materijalu A ili B i navešče se samo trocifreni broj konta zalihe materijala
101 )prilikom knjiženja u dnavnik ove poslovne promjene ne knjižimo konto 101 već odgovarajući
analitički konto zalihe materijala zavisno da li se radi o materijalu A ili B ,s tim da ako se zalihe vode
po stvranim cijenama evidenira se navedena fer procijenjena vrijednost na konto 10100 za materijal
A ili konto 10101 za materijala B .
Stečeni materijal se mora unijeti na analitički račun kao ulaz a cijenu ulaza računamo = (Fer
vrijednost : količina koja se navodi u poslovnoj promjeni)
FINAL PROCESSING OF MATERIAL (FINISHING OFF)

Kada se materijala vodi po stvvrnim cijenama i zbog neodgovarajućeg kvaliteta šalje na doradu u
drugo preduzeće tada se provodi izlaz na analitičkom računu koristeći odgovarajuću metodu za
obračun utroška materijala (FIFO ili prosječna cijena) i dobivenu vrijednost knjižimo na konto 1016-
materijal na doradi.
126-Finished products on finishing off
136-Goods on finishing off
114-Semi finished products on finishing off
Za sve druge zalihe za koje u kontnom planu nemamo account za finishing off dobijemo ga tako da na
osnovni trocifreni konto koji se odnosi na zalihu dodamo broj 6
1016----Materia on finishing off ( mat A and mate B)
102-Invnetories of spare part ; 1026---Spare part on finishing off
133
1016 X
10100 X
For sent material in final processing
Sve primljene fakture koje se odnose na uslugu dorade, prevoz sa dorade do povratka materijala sa
dorade knjižimo:
1016 X
270 X
432 X
For received invoice for final processing
Kada se materijal vrati sa dorade saldo konta 1016 (koji u ovom slučaju ima ulogu kao konto 100 kod
nabavke materijala ) daje tj formira novu(uvećanu) nabavnu vrijednost i taj konto se zatvara
knjiženjem salda na P stranu i evidentiranjem nove nabavne vrijednosti na odgovarajući konto zalihe
10100 X
1016 X
For brought back from final processing
Napomena: Kod povrata materijala sa dorade , vraćeni materijal se mora unijeti kao ulaz na
analitički račun pri čemu na ulazu imamo istu količinu koja je bila na izlazu pri slanju na doradu ,
Nova cijena materijala koja se unosi na analitički račun se računa =
Nova nabavna vrijednost tj saldo konta 1016 : količnom vraćenog materijala (Ovo se najčešće
zaboravlja)
DISCOUNT -RECEIVED FROM SUPPLIERS

Kod odobrenih popusta od dobavljača a razlikujemo dvije situacije :
1)Popusti odobreni i naznačeni na fakturi ili uračunati na fakturi
2)Naknadno odobreni popusti koji se dešavaju nakon nabavke i uskladištenja materijala za koje
primamo knjižnu obavjest (a note for discount)
1.Dobavljači materijala nam mogu odobriti popust koji je naznačen na fakturi ili uračunat u
vrijednost fakture i ovaj popust umanjuje fakturnu vrijednost kupljenih materijala , pojavljuje se
samo u obračunu materijala i ne knjiži se zasebno jer umanjenu vrijednost fakture knjižimo .
2.Kada nam dobavljač materijala bilo iz zemlje ili iz inostranstva odobri naknadni popust na materijala
koji smo ranije od njega kupili i uskladištili ( u nekoj prethodnoj promjeni) tada ćemo od dobavljač
dobiti knjižnu obavjest (dokument kojim se to potvrđuje i na osnovu kojeg se vrši knjiženje ) i taj
naknadni popust ne mijenja cijenu na zalihi već se naknadno odobreni popust knjiži zasebno i to na
account 659 –Other revenues , stornira se account Receivables for VAT - 270 na D strani (ako je
dobavljač u zemlji , ovo nećemo imati ako se radi o dobavljaču iz inostranstva) i stornira se Suppliers
na C strani –account 432 ili 433. Ako smo ranije ( prije odobrenog popusta )platili cijelu fakturu
dobavljaču tada nećemo stornirati 432 ili 433 već taj iznos knjižimo na D strani bez storna na kontu
238-Other short- term receivables
134
Knjiženje naknadno odobrenog popusta od dobavljača materijala
a)naknadno odobreni popust od dobavljač u zemlji kome nismo prethodno platili fakturu
D C
659 -Other revenues X
270 (X)
432 ( X)
b) naknadno odobreni popust od dobavljač u inosatranstvu kome nismo prethodno platili fakturu
D C
659 X
433 ( X)
c)naknadno odobreni popust od dobavljač u zemlji kome smo prethodno platili cijelu fakturu
D C
659 X
270 (X)
238 –Other short term receivables X
d) naknadno odobreni popust od dobavljač u inosatranstvu kome smo prethodno platili fakturu
659 X
238 X
Napomena : Naknadno odobren popust je isto što i write-off liabilities (otpis obaveza) i knjiži se na
isti način s tim što je naknadno odobreni popust obično manji ( 5 %; 10% ; 50% ) a otpis obaveze je
uglavnom u cjelini tj 100 % i knjiži se na konto 679- Revenues fron write off liabilities
679 -Other revenues X

270 (X)
432 (X)
For write –off liabilities
Example
Company ABC had next balance on 01/01/2017 on these accounts
101----material „a“ ( 10.000 pcs)....................................150.000
Inventories are recorded at historical cost and issuing is recorded by average price
During the business years, next business transactions were registered :

1)We purchased 10.000 pcs of material „b“ from the suppliers „X“.The invoice price for the material
„b“ is 15 KM per units +VAT.Invoice value with VAT was paid to the supplier „X“.Costs of
135
transportation of material „b“ according the invoice from company „Shipping“ is 300 KM +VAT. The
material was stored in own warehouse
2) 1000 pcs of material „b“ were sent for finishing off. Invoiced value of finishing materials „b“
amounts to 2.700 KM +VAT. We received invoice for trnasport of material from finishing off in
amount 200 KM +VAT. The material was stored in the own warehouse after finishing off
Calculation of acquistion costs 10001 D 10011 D

Trans Insur
1 B 10.000 x 15 = 150.000 0 150.000 + 300 = 150300 : 10000 = 15,03
VAT 25500—270 51
175.500---432 351
JOURNAL

1a 10001 150.000
270 25500
For received invoice 432 175.500
1b 432 175.500
200 175.500
1c Transport of material B 10011 300
270 51
For received invoice 432 351
1d Material b in warehouse 10101 150.300
10001 150.000
10011 300
For put material B in
warehouse
2a Material „b“ on finishing off 1016 15030
10101 15030
For sent material on
finishing off
2b 1016 2700
270 459
432 3159
finishing off
2c 1016 200
270 34
432 234
transport
2d Material „B“ in warehouse 10101 17930
136
1016 17930
For returned material from

finishing off
New price after finishing off = 17930 : 1000 pcs = 17,93
In subledger : 17930----D ; 1000 pcs ---Input : 17,93---Price
Sub-ledger account for material ''a''10100

No
1 O.B 10.000 10.000 15 150.000 150.000
137
Sub-ledger account for material ''b''-----10101

No
1 Acquistion 10000 10000 15,03 150.300 150.300

Sent on finishing off 1000 9000 15,03 15.030 135270
Returned from finishing 1000 10000 17,93 17.930 153.200
off
Material on finishing off ----- 1016 (D) i 10101 C

Example
Company ABC had next balance on 01/01/2017 on these accounts
101----material „b“ ( 10.000 pcs)....................................150.000------ price = 150.000 : 10.000 pcs = 15
108----price discrepancy for material „b“.........................10.000 (c)
During the business years, next business transactions were registered :
138
1)We purchased 5.000 pcs of material „b“ from the suppliers „X“.The invoice price for the material
„b“ is 15 KM per units +VAT.Invoice value with VAT was paid to the supplier „X“.Costs of
transportation of material „b“ according the invoice from company „Shipping“ is 585 KM +VAT. The
material was stored in own warehouse
2) 8000 KM (standard value –account 10101 na Cof material „b“ were sent for finishing off. Invoiced
value of finishing materials „b“ amounts to 2.500 KM +VAT. The material wae stored in the own
warehouse after finishing off
3.We issued 300 pcs of material into production
1000 KM +VAT = 1170 KM with VAT included

1170 KM +VAT= 1369 KM with VAT included
500 KM +VAT = 585 KM with VAT included
585 KM + VAT = 684 KM with VAT included
10001 D

(during Transp (standard) discrepancy
acquistion)
1 A 5000 x 15 = 75000 - 0 = 75000 + 585 = 75585 75000— (-)585
10100 D
Vat 12750 99
87750 684
Price discrepancy = Standard value – AV = 75000-75585= -585----10800 C
JOURNAL

1a 10001 75000
270 12750
432 87750
1b 10011 585
270 99
432 684
139
10101 75000
10801 585
1c 10001 585
2a Inventiories of material 10101 8000
10801 335
Material „b“ on finishing off 1016 7665
For sent material on
finishing off
2b 1016 2500
270 425
432 2925
finishing off
2c Inventories of material „b“ 10101---T 8000
Difference( na kraju 10801----T 2165
računamo jer se 108 mijenja 1016 10165
(actual value of
For returned from finishing upgraded
off material
3a 511 4500
10101 4500
For issued material in
production
3b 10801 138
519 138
For price discrepancy of
issued material
Kod issuing of material ( in production, finishing off, given donation, write off ) prvo utvrđujemo novi balance
na accountu 101 i 108 jer nam novi blanace trebaju da izračunamo price discrepancy of issued material
Question for transaction 2 : Value of upgraded material : 10165

Question for transaction 2 : Value of price disrepancy of returned material from finishing off 2165
140
Material B
10101 ..... Inventories of material „a“ 15 - D 10801.. Price discreapancy of material „a“ + P
Ba 150.000 (1)585 10.000 Ba
(1)75000
Ba 225.000
(2c)8000 8000 (2a) (2a) 335
300pcs x 15 =4500(3a
Ba 225.000 (2c)2165 9415 Ba
(3b)138 6915 Ba
511......Costs of material 519...Calculated price discrepancy –issuing in production

(3a)4500 138 (3b)
Avuatl value of issued material in transaction 3 = 4500(c)-138 (d)= 4362

Price discrepancy of material sent on finishing off= (8000 X 9415) : 225000 = 334,7555 = 335----na
suprotnu stanu od balance of account 10801
Price disrepancy for issued material in production (3) = (4500 x6915) :225.000 = 138,3 = 138----na
suprotnu stranu od balance of 10801
141
142
LOAN TAKEN FOR FINANCING CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING
According to IAS 23 ( borrowing cost ), interest may be part of the cost of acquisition ( capitalization
of interest) if the conditions of this IAS are met.
The conditions for capitalization of interest are:
• acquisition or construction of assets is financed from the loan,
• the period of acquisition is at least one month because usually the accrual period for interest is one
month,
• the asset is not acquired in its own arrangement.
If the above conditions are met, the accrued interest for the period, while the asset is being prepared for
use, is included in the cost of acquisition of the asset. After putting the asset into use, we record interest
for the current period on expenses ( account 561 and for future period on active accruals.)
Beacause of capitalization of interest when we received loan we record total interest on account 289
for short term loan taken or on account 098 for long term loan taken:
200 X-loan
289 X-total interest
For received short term loan
200 X-loan
098 X-total interest
For received longt term loan
Example:: In September, we took a loan that was paid into a transaction account to finance the
construction of a building in the amount of 100.000 KM with repayment period of 3 years, with an
interest rate of 3%. We are constructing a building under someone else's construction. We received the
first interim situation at the end of September in the amount of 20.000 KM + VAT. At the end of October
we received the final situation at 100.000 KM + VAT.
143
On 01/01/2017 balances of tangible fixed assets were been
021 Buildings...........................................3.000.000
022 Equipment........................................3.250.000
0218 Value adjustment of buildings..............400.000
0228 Value adjustment of equioment............80.000
Next business transactions were happened in 2017 :
1) Company purchased the plant at purchase value of 216.000 KM on 31/03/2011.The

estiamted useful life of the plant was 8 years and the selected method of calculating
depreciation was a straight-line basis.An assets was put into use on 03/05/2011.In April of
this year we decided to write –off the plant because it was observed that the plant does not
operate at full capacity
2) Company purchased the plant at invoice value of 240.000 KM and distributed this amount to
the engine and the rest asset in proportion to the numbers 2:1 on 30/12/2011.the estimated
useful life of the engine was 6 years and of the rest of assets was 12 years,An assets is put
into use on 09/01/2012.In January of this year we decided to replace engine because it has
been noticed that the engine was not running in full capacity.The value of the new purchased
engine is 150.000 +VAT 25.500 KM.The estimated useful life of the engine is 6 years.We have
continued with using the plant.
3) In April of this year we purchased a warehouse for 95.238 KM. Sales tax on immovable
property 5 % was calculated 5 % and paid from transaction account.We started with using of
the warehouse.
4) To calculate the depreciation of fixed assets on 30/06/2017.Depreciation rate for buildings is
1,5 % and 10 % for equipment
144
FIXED ASSETS
I FIXED ASSETS FROM OPENING BALANCE
II FIXED ASSETS RECEIVED AND PUT IN USE DURING CURRENT PERIOD
145
146
PROVISIONS FOR REPAIR COSTS FOR SOLD FINISHED PRODUCTS IN THE WARRANTY PERIOD
We have the following situations in recording of provisions
1.When we calculate the costs for repair of sold finished product we record :
543- Costs of provision from the given warranty periods X
400—Provisions for costs during the warranty period ( l-t liabilities X
For provision
2.Kada primimo fakturu za uslugu popravke prodatih gotovih proizvoda u garantnom roku
razlikujemo dvije situacije:
a)AKO PRIMIMO MANJU FAKTURU OD IZNOSA SALDA NA KONTU 400- „DUGOROČNA REZERVISANJA
ZA TROŠKOVE POPRAVKE U GARANTNOM ROKU „TADA NEMAMO RAZLIKU SAMO KNJIŽENJE IZNOSA
SA FAKTURE ALI PREKO KONTA“DUGOROČNA REZERVISANJA ZA TROŠKOVE POPRAVKE U
GARANTNOM ROKU“
400 X
270 X
432 X
Za primljenu fakturu
b)AKO PRIMIMO VEĆU FAKTURU OD IZNOSA SALDA NA KONTU 400-„TADA ZATVARAMO KONTO
400- na D strani SA PRIMLJENE FAKTURE KNJIŽIMO SAMO VAT (konto 270) I SUPPLIERS konto 432) A
RAZLIKA KOJU UTVRĐUJEMO BILANSNOM RAVNOTEŽOM U DNEVNIKU SE KNJIŽI NA KONTO 579-
„OTHER EXPENSES“
400 X
270 X
432 X
579—Other expenses X
c) AKO PRIMIMO FAKTURU ZA POPRAVKU PRODATIH GOTOVIH PROIZVODA A U POČETNOM STANJU

NEMAMO ACCOUNT 400 TADA PRIMLJENU FAKTURU KNJIŽIMO NA 579---OTHER EXPENSES
147
579 --Other expenses x
270 x
432 x
Još jedna poslovna promjena vezano za rezervisanje za troškove popravke gotovih proizvoda može da
dodje ,a odnosi se na ukidanje rezervisanja za date garancije .
D)Ako u početnom stanju imamo konto 400- i u toku zadatka dodje poslovna promjena da je istekla
garancija za popravku gotovih proizvoda u garantnom roku tada zatvaramo konto 400 na D strani i na
C strani knjižimo konto 679- „Other revenues“
400 X
679-Cancelled provisions and other revenues X
For cancelled provisions
Example 1
We calculated provisions for repair of sold finished products during warranty period of 2 years in
amount 10.000 KMI
Opis Account D C
Rb
1a Costs of provision from the given 543 10.000
warranty periods
10.000
Provisions for costs during the 400
warranty period ( l-t liabilities
For calculated costs
Example 2:
148
400- Provisions for costs during the warranty period ........................10.000
400- Provisions for cost during warranty period

(1a)2000 10.000 Ba
8000 Ba
Business transaction
We received invoice for for repair of sold finished products during warranty period in amount 2000
KM +VAT
Opis Account D C
Rb
1a 400 2000
270 340
432 2340
Example 3:
400-
(1a)10.000 10.000 Sa
149
KM +VAT
Received invoice :
1 12000.......ne knjižimo
2 VAT 2040------270 D
3 14040-----432 C
Opis Account D C
Rb
400 10000
270 2040
432 14040
Other expenese
579
Example 4:
400-
(1a)2000 10.000 Ba
(2)8000 8000 Ba
Business transactions
150
1)12/03.We received invoice for for repair of sold finished products during warranty period in
amount 2000 KM +VAT
2)31.10 The deadline for given quarantees has expired and provisions has been cancelled
Opis Account D C
Rb
1 400 2000
270 340
432 2340
2 400 8000
679 8000
For expiered quarantees
Example 5
U početnom stanju nemamo account 400- Provisions for costs during the warranty period
KM +VAT
Opis Account D C
Rb
579 2000
270 340
432 2340
151
FINISHED PRODUCTS (FINAL PRODUCTS)
Finished products i goods možemo imati u warehousu i u shopu i mogu se prodavati i iz warehousa i
iz shopa. Za razliku od goods –a koji se kupuje , final products proizvodimo i nakon što se proizvedu
prvo se smještaju u warehouse i onda se iz warehousa mogu prenositi u shop. U shopu za finished
products i Goods imamo tri accounts-a
In warehouse ( per actual price ) imamo jedan account : 120---Inventories of finished products
In warehouse ( per standar price ) imamo dva account : 120--- Inventories of finished products
128-Price discrepancy of finished products
For finished products :
121---Products in retail shops (D)
122-Calculated price difference of products (C)
123-Calculated VAT of products (C)
Prenos final products-a iz warehousa u shop se radi na isti način kao i prenos goods iz warehous u
shops i prvo radimo Calculation of retail price :
Calculation of retail price for finished products ( at actual price –in warehouse)
1.Production value ( PV)............................................120 C- Inventories of finished products
2. Price difference PD.................................................122 C-Calculated price difference C
3(1+2)SV Selling value .
4. VAT......................................................................123 C ...Calculated VAT
5(3+4) SV +VAT. Selling value +VAT..........................121 D-Products in retail shop D
152
I finished product i goods in the shops are recorded per Selling value + VAT (5) ( Retail price)--- in
the shop nemamo standard value
Transfer of finished products(at actual price) in retail shop is recorded :

1a 121 X
122 X
123 X
120 X
For transferred into own
retail shop
Calculation of retail price for finished products ( at standard price)
Standard value( from inventories of finished products.)...........120 C---Inventories of finished products
Price discrepancy.....................................................................128 D/ C-Price discrepancy
1.Production value ( PV)......standard value +/- price discrepancy
2. PD............................................ ...........................................122 C-Calculated price difference C
3(1+2)SV
4. VAT.......................................................................................123 C ...Calculated VAT
5(3+4) SV +VAT..........................................................................121 D-Products in retail shop D

1a 121 X
122 X
123 X
120 X
For transferred into own 128 X or X
retail shop
SALES OF FINISHED PRODUCTS (FINAL PRODUCTS FROM WAREHOUSE
Kod prodaje final products iz warehouse i iz shopa prvo radimo Calculation of selling value
153
Warehouse Retail shop
211----Customers ( for sale from warehouse) ; 205—Petty cash (for sale from shops)
470----Laibilities for VAT ( for sale from warehouse) ; 473---Liabilities for VAT for sale from retail shop
611---Revenues from sale of finished products 611---Revenues from sale of finished product
596-Historical cost of product sold 596---Historical costs of product sold
596-Costs ; 611 Revenues ----finished products
Calculation of selling price for finished products ( at actual price) from warehouse
1.Production value ( PV)............2).596 D –Hist. costs of products sold/120 C- Inv. of finished products
2. PD
3(1+2)Selling value...........................611 C –Revenues from sale of finished products
4. VAT...............................................470 C ...Liabilities for VAT
5(3+4) SV +VAT..................................211 D-Customers
Stavke 3,4,5 su stavke of issued invoice
Stavka 1-------Costs of product sold
Sale of finished products(at actual price) from warehouse is recorded:

1a Customers 211 X
Revenues from sale of products 611 X
For sold products

1b Histrorical costs of product sold 596 X
Inventories of finished products 120 X
For discharge of warehouse
154
Calculation of selling price for finished products ( at standard price) from warehouse
Standard value( from inventories of finished products.)........2)120 C---Inventories of finished products
Price discrepancy......................................................................2).128 D/ C-Price discrepancy
1.Production value ( PV)..........................................................2).596 D –Hist. costs of products sold
2. PD
3(1+2)SV......................................................................1).611 C –Revenues from sale of finished

products
4. VAT.........................................................................1)..470 C ...Liabilities for VAT VAT
5(3+4) SV +VAT.............................................................1)211 D-Customers
Sale of finished products(at astandard price) from warehouse is recorded:

1 Customers 211 X
For sold products

2 Histrorical costs of product sold 596 X
Inventories of finished products 120 X
Price discrepancy 128 X or X
For discharge of warehouse
155
SALE OF FINISHED PRODUCTS FROM THE SHOP
Calculation of selling price for finished products from retail shops
2)596 (D)------1.Production value ( PV)
2)122 (D)------2. PD
3(1+2)SV..............................................1).611 C –Revenues from sale of finished products
2)123(D)--------4. VAT.............................................1)..473 C ...Liabilities for VAT
2)121(C)---------5(3+4) SV +VAT................................1).205 D-Petty cash
Sale of finished products from retail shop is recorded:

1 Petty cash 205 X
For sold products

2 Histrorical costs of product sold 596 X
Calculated price difference 122 X
Calculated VAT 123 X
Products in retail shop 121 X
For discharge of retail shop
3 Transaction account 200 X
Petty cash 205 X
For transfer cash on transaction account
156
157
Example 1.
Business period is 01/01-31/12/2020. The calculated price difference is 25 %
Company „AB“ on the day 1.1.2020 had the following value on the account:
120----finished products in warehouse (1000 pcs of product „X“)..........30.000 ---price = 30.000 : 1000
pcs
Per actual for finished products se koristi average price method
Following transaction were happened during period :
1)50 % of finished products from warehouse were sold and collected payment on the transaction
account
2)We issued 200 pieces of finished products to the own retail shop ( the store) and immediately sold
50 % of them
3.Finished products „X“ 3000 pcs at price 35 KM /pcs were completed from production and
transferred to the warehouse
4)100 pcs of finished products from the warehouse were sent to final processing.Invoice was issued
for finishing off in the amount of 585 KM with VAT included ( 585 : 1,17 = 500 KM +VAT).Upgraded
products were returned to the warehouse
Sub-ledger account for finished productsl ''X''----------120

No
1 1.1. Opening balance 1000 1000 30 30000 30000

2 Sales( 1000 pcs x50 500 500 30 15000 15000
% = 500
3 Issuing in retail shops 200 300 30 6000 9000
4 Finishing off 100 200 30 3000 6000
5 Return from finishing 100 300 35 3500 9500
off
1. Production value
(PV)
Average price = 30000 : 1000 pcs = 30 126 (D) i 120 C
158
1) Calculation of sellin price for sold products from warehouse
1.PV...............................15000---2) 596 (D) i 120 (C)

2.PD---25 %....................3750
3(1+2) SV.....................1).18750-----611 (C)
4.VAT............................1).3187-----470 (C)
5(3+4) SV+VAT............1).21.937----211 (D)
Calculation :
1.PV...................................6000-----120 C
2. PD------25% .................1500-----Calculated price difference C
3(1+2)SV..........................7500
4. VAT-----------------------1275.------Calculated VAT C
5(3+4) SV +VAT------------8775-----121 D ( Products in the shops)
RETAIL SHOP FOR FINISHED PRODUCTS :
Balance from tr.2 (200 -Sold 50 % (100 pcs Balance after

pcs) sale (1-2)
1 2
1.PV...........6000 X50 %= (2)596D -1.PV 3000 1. 3000

2PD............1500 x50 %= (2)122 D 2.PD 750 2.750
3(1+2) SV......7500 3.SV 3750---(1)-611 P 3 3750
4 VAT..........1275 (2)123 D 4.VAT (1)637---473 C 4. 638
5.SV +VAT....8775 X50% (2)121 C- 5.SV+VAT (1)4387—205 D 5.4388
1)Calculation :
1.PV
2. PD
3(1+2)SV
159
4. VAT.
5(3+4) SV +VAT
2) 1)Calculation :
1.PV
2. PD
3(1+2)SV
4. VAT.
5(3+4) SV +VAT

1a Customers 211 21937
Liabilities for VAT 470 3187
Revenues from sale of products 611 18750
Fro sold products
1b Histrorical costs of product sold 596 15000
Inventories of finished products 120 15000
For discharged of warehouse
1c 200 21937
For collected payment 211 21937
2a Products in the shops 121 8775
Calculated PD 122 1500
Calculated VAT 123 1275
Inventories of finished products ( 120 6000
Products in warehouse)
For trensferred products in retail shop

2b Petty cash 205 4387
For sold products from the shop
2c Histrorical cost of product sold ( PV-1 596 3000
stav iz kalkulacije
122 750
123 637
121 4387
For discharged retail shop
2d 200 4387
205 4387
160
For transfer cash on transaction account
3a Finished products on finishing off 126 3000
120 3000
For sent products on finishing off
3b 126 500
270 85
432 585
3c 120 3500
126 3500
For returned from finishing off
New price of upgraded finished products = 3500( D) : 100 pcs(Input) = 35--- price
161
Example 2.
120----finished products in warehouse (300 pcs of product „Z“)..........6.000 --- price 6000 : 300 pcs =
20 KM / pcs( standard price)
128----price discrepancy of standard price for finished products „X“.......300 C
1)100 pcs of finished products were isssued and transferred into own retail shop.
2) 50 pcs of products from own retail shop were sold to the customers.
3.)We sold 50 % of existing balance from the warehouse of finished products and gave a cash . The
cash was paid into the transaction account.
120-Finished products in warehouse 20 D (-)128 Price discrepancy (+) C

Ba6000 100 pcs x20 KM = 2000)
(1a) 100 300 Ba
200 Ba
Ba 4000 50 % = 2000 (3b) (3b)100 (50 %)
Price discrepancy for issued finished products = (Value of issued products X Ba of price discrepancy ) : Ba of
invnetories of finished products
Price discrepancy = (2000 x300 ) : 6000 = 100------na suprotnu stranu od balnca of price discrepancy
1)Calculation :
Standard value...........................2000---120 C
Price discrepancy.......................100-------128 D ( suprotne strane oduzimamo ; iste strane sabiramo
1.Production value PV................1900
2. PD—20 %.( 1900x20 % .........380..........122 C
3(1+2)SV..................................2280
4. VAT.....................................388..........123 C
5(3+4) SV +VAT.......................2668------121 D
162
2668-Value of trnasferred products in retail shop is 2668
3)
Standard value ......................2000---120 C
Price discrepancy......................100- 128 D ( suprotne strane odizimamo=
1.PV..........................................1900----596 D
2.PD...20 %..............................380
3.SV..........................................2280
-dsicount---2 % ( 2280 x2 %) ...(46)
3.SV (decreased for discount)...2234----611 (P)
4.VAT............17 % ...................380-----470 C
5.SV+VAT..................................2614---- 211 D
Discount given during the sale decrease Selling value (decrease Revenues from sale) and decresed
selling value is recorded, decrease basis for VAT and VAT , decrease receivables from customers (211)
---- ali se discount nigdje ne knjiži
Balance : 100 pcs -Sale of 50 pcs =Balance after sale 50

pcs
1.PV 1900 (2b) 596 D 1.PV ( 1900 : 100 pcs) x50 pcs = 950 1.PV (1900-950) = 950
2PD 380 (D) 122 2.PD = (380 : 100 pcs)x50 pcs = 190 2PD =190
3(1+2) SV 2280 3 SV 1140---611 C 3. SV = 1140
4 VAT 388 (D)123 4 VAT 194---473 C 4.VAT 194
5.SV +VAT 2668 (C) 121 5 SV +VAT 1334—205 D 5.SV +VAT 1334

1a Products in retail shop 121 2668
Calculated price discrepancy 122 380
120 2000
128 100
For transferred products in retail shop
2a Petty cash 205 1334
163
For sold 50 pcs of products
2b Histrorical cost of products sold 596 950
Calculated price difference 122 190
Products in retail shop 121 1334

2c Transaction account 200 1334
Petty cash 205 1334
For transferred cash on transaction
account
3a Receivables from custromers 211 2614
For sold products fro warehouse

3b 596 1900
128 100
For discharged warehouse 120 2000
3c 200 2614
211 2614
SALE OF FINISHED PRODUCTS THROUGH CONSUMER LOAN
071(D)----Receivables based on credit sale( long term) ; 407(C)---Deffered revenues from interest
238(D)-Receivables based on credit sale (short term) ; Interest 491 C---Deferred
revenues from interest if
period of credit is longer than
current period
661 C –Revenues from interest if
period of credit is within current period
164
Total interest = Selling value +VAT (5 stavka) x interest rate % per year x period of loan given( in years)
Selling value +VAT (5 stavka) x interest rate % per month x period of loan given( in months)
= (Selling value + VAT x interest rate % per years x number of months ) : 12
Installments = Receivables based on credit sale : number of payment
Interest per collected installment = Total interest : number of payment
Sale of finished products from warehouse through long term loan given:

1a Receivables based on credit sale 071 X
Deferred revenues from interest 407 X
For sold products
1b)at 596 X
actual price For discharged warehouse 120 X
1b) at 596 X
standard price 120 X
For discharged warehouse 128 X or X
Sale of finished products from warehouse through short term loan given: (period of credit longer
than current period) :

For sold products
1b)at 596 X
1b) at 596 X
Sale of finished products from warehouse through short term loan given: (period of credit is within
current period) :

Revenues from interest 661 X
165
For sold products
1b)at 596 X
1b) at 596 X
Sale of finished products from retail shop through long term loan given:

For sold products
1b Historical costs of products sold 596 X
Sale of finished products from warehouse through short term loan given: (period of credit longer
than current period) :

For sold products
For discharged shop
Sale of finished products from warehouse through short term loan given: (period of credit is within
current period) :
166
Revenues from interest 661 X
For sold products
For discharged shop
Example 1.
120----finished products in warehouse (1000 pcs of product „X“)..........40.000---price = 40.000 : 1000

pcs = 40 KM / pcs
02/07.From the warehouse 50 % of finished products were sold to the customers through
consumer loan for 3 years, interest rate is 6 % per year and the manner of loan repayment is in
equally six-monthly installments
2)First installment was collected .
167
Calculation of selling price through consumer loan
1.PV.....................20.000---120 C/ 596 D---2 stav
2PD(30 % ) ...........6000
3.SV.....................26.000----611-Revenues from sale of products
4.VAT....................4420-----470 C
5.SV +VAT............30.420
6.Total interest.......5.476-----407 C—Deffered revenues from sale
7.Loan(5+6)..........35.896------071 D Receivables based on credit sale(long term)
1 stav u knjiženju 3,4,5,6,7
Total interest = ( 30420 x6 % per year x3 years) = 5475,6 = 5476
Installment = account 071 : (2 x3 years) = 35896 : 6 = 5982,66666= 5983----200 D i 071 C ( for

collected installment
Interest per installment = Total interest : (2x3 years)= 5476 : 6 = 912,666 = 913 ----407 D i 661 C
Kada naplatimo installment kod long term loan given knjižimo
200 X
071 X
For collected installment
407 X
661-Revenues from interest X
For recognised interest
Kod prodaje na kredit kada se naplati installment samo interest sadržan u naplaćenom installmentu
možemo priznati na Revenues fro interest. Izuzetak je kada imamo prodaju na kredit koja je unutar
current period i samo tada možemo kamatu za cijeli kredit priznati na Revenues from interest u
momentu prodaje na kredit ( npr u januaru prodali na 3 mjeseca)
Sub-ledger account for finished productsl ''X''----------120 ; average price method
168
No
1 1.1. Opening balance 1000 1000 40 40.000 40.000

2 Sale through
consumer loan 500 500 40 20.000 20.000
Average price = Ba of value : Ba of quantity = 40.000 : 10000 = 40 1.PV

1a Receivables based on credit sale 071 35896
Deferred revenues from sale ( pasive 407 5476
accruals) 470 4420
611 26000
For sold products through loan
1b 596 20.000
120 20.000
For discharged warehouse
2a 200 5983
071 5983
For collected first installment
2b 407 913
Revenues from interest 661 913
For recognised revenues from interest
Example 2.
120----finished products in warehouse (3000 pcs of product „Z“)..........30.000 ; standar price = 30.000
:3000 = 10 KM / pcs
128----price discrepancy of standard price for finished products „X“.......500 D
169
1.26.09 From the warehouse 50 % of finished products has been isssued and transferred into own
retail shop. 50 pcs of products from own retail shop were sold to the customer through consumer
loan for 9 months , interest rate is 3 % per year and the manner of loan repayment is in equally
quarterly installments
2.28.12. First installment was collected
120-Finished products in warehouse 10 D (-) 128-Price discrepancy (+) C

Ba 30.000 50 % = 15000 ( Ba 500 50 % = 250 (1a)
(3000 pcs ) 1a)
Calculation of retail price (1500 pcs)
Standard value---------------------15.000----120 C
Price discrepancy...........................250-----128 C (iste stane sabiramo)
1.PV..........................................15.250
2.PD(20 % ) ...............................3050------122 C
3.SV...........................................18.300
4.VAT...........................................3111-----123 C
5.SV+VAT..................................21.411-----121 D
Balance: 1500 pcs -Sale of 50 pcs on loan given Balance after sale
1.PV 15250 596 D 1.PV ( 15250 : 1500) x50 pcs=508 1.PV ( 15250-508) = 14742
2PD 3050 122 D 2PD ( 3050 : 1500 pcs ) x50 pcs =102 2.PD ( 3050-102) = 2948
3(1+2) SV 18300 3 SV = 610---611 C 3SV ( 18300-610) = 17690
4 VAT 3111 123 D 4 VAT = 104—473 C 4.VAT ( 3111-104) = 3007
5.SV +VAT 21411 121 C 5 SV +VAT = 714 5.SV +VAT (21411-714) = 20697
6 Total interest = 16---491 C
7 Loan ( short) = 730—238 D
Total interest = ( 714 x3 % per year x9 months ) : 12 = 16
170
Inastallment = 730 : 3 = 243,3333 = 243 ------200 D i 238 C
Interest per installment = 16:3 = 5,3333 = 5-----491 D i 661 C

1a 121 21.411
122 3050
123 3111
120 15000
For transfer in retail shop 128 250
1b Short term receivables for credit sale 238 730
Deferred reveunes from interest for 491 16
short term 473 104
611 610
For sold products
1c 596 508
122 102
123 104
For discharge of retail shop 121 714
2a 200 243
For collected installment 238 243
2b 491 5
661 5
For revenues of insterest from collected
inastallment
Example 3.
120----finished products in warehouse (3000 pcs of product „Z“)..........30.000 ; standard price =

30.000 : 3000 = 10 KM
128----price discrepancy of standard price for finished products „Z“.......500 C
171
1)02.02 From the warehouse 100 pcs of finished products has been isssued and transferred into
own retail shop. 50 % of products from own retail shop were sold to the customer through
consumer loan for 3 months , interest rate is 2 % per month and the manner of loan repayment is
in equally monthly installments
2)02.03. First installment was collected
120-Finished products in warehouse 10 D (-) 128-Price discrepancy (+) C

Ba 30.000 (100 pcs x10) = 1000 ( (1a) 17 500 Ba
1a)
Price discrepancy for issued products = (1000x500) : 30.000 = 16,666 = 17---na suprotnu strano od balanca
accounta 128
Calculation of transfer in retail shop :
Standard value----------------------------1000---120 C
Price discrepancy -------------------------17 ---128 D ( suprotne strane oduzimamo)
1.PV.................................................983
2.PD.(25 % ) ....................................246----122 C
3.SV( 1+2).......................................1229
4.VAT.............................................209---123 C
5:SV +VAT..................................1438---121 D
Balance: 100 pcs Sale on credit = Balance

1.PV 983 x50 % 1.PV 492 1. 491
2PD 246 x50 % 2.PD 123 2.123
3(1+2) SV 1229 3.SV 615—611 C 3. 614
4 VAT 209 4.VAT 105—473 C 4. 104
5.SV +VAT 1438 5.SV+VAT 720 7.718
6.Tot. int 43---661 C
7.Loan 763 ---238 D
Total interest = 720 x3 months x2 % per month = 43
Installment = 763 : 3 months = 254------200 D i 238 C
172
Po naplati samo knjižimo naplatu installmenta jer smo cijeli interest u momentu prodaje priznali na
Revenues from interest –account 661

1a 121 1438
122 246
123 209
120 1000
128 17
For transfer in retail shop
1b 238 763
661 43
473 105
611 615
For sold products
1c 596 492
122 123
123 105
121 720
For discharge of shop
2a) 200 254
238 254
For collected first installment
173
DOUBTFUL AND DISPUTED RECEIVABLES
211-Receivables from customers
21170- Doubtful receivables
21171- Disputed receivables
219- Value adjustment of receivables
578- Bad debts(other expenses)
(578) D-Cancelled expenses when we collect receivable which is written off in current period
(difference upon finished legal proceeding)
677 C- Revenuse from collected receivable which is written off in prevoius period ( difference upon
finished legal proceeding)
669-Financial revenues for interest
Write off disputed receivables is recorded :
578---Bad debts (other expenses) X
219-VA of receivables X
For written off of receivables
Poništenje expenses koji je nastao u current period se knjži sa cancellation of expenses ( u istoj
godini nastao expenses i poništio se )
Poništenje revenues koji je nastao u current period se knjiži sa cancellation of revenues (u istoj godini
nastao revenues i poništio se )
Poništenje expenses koji je nastao prošle godine a poništenje je u narednoj godini se knjiži na
revenues
Poništenje revenues koji je nastao prošle godine a poništenje je u narednoj godini se knjiži na
expenses
Primjer 1. Otpisa potraživanja sa naplatom u cjelosti i djelimično u istom obračunskom periodu

U opening balance nemamo account 21171 ni 219
Po okončanju legal proceeding uvijek je razlika na accountu 578 na D with and without
cancellation
01.03.2019.We did not collect receivable from customer in amount 20.000 KM in agreed time and
therefore we classified this receivable as doubtful and disputed
174
15.03.2019.On the basis of information provided by legal department, proceedings will be partially
lost , so the managment made a decision to decrease receivables for the amount 2000 KM . ( to
write off )
30.05.2019.Upon completion of proceeding, the court obligated debtor to pay :
A)20.000
B)19.000
C)18.000
D)17.000
E)0

1a Doubtful receivables 21170 20000
211 20.000
For transfer on doubtful
receivables
1b Disputed receivables 21171 20.000
21170 20.000
For transfer on disputed
receivables
1c Bad debts ( expenses) 578 2000
Value adjustment of 219 2000
receivables
For written off of disputed
receivables
A Tran . account 200 20.000
219 2000
21171 20.000
578 (2000)
B 200 19000
219 2000
21171 20000
578 (1000)
C 200 18000
219 2000
21171 20.000
D 200 17000
219 2000
21171 20.000
578 1000
E 219 2000
21171 20.000
578 18000
175
For finished court
proceeding
Primjer 2. Otpis potraživanja sa naplatom u cjelosti i djelimično u toku drugog obračunskog

perioda (razdoblju)
In opening blance we have the following accounts :
21171-Disputed receivables from customer „S“..............................20.000 D
219-Value adjustment of receivable from customer „S“....................2.000 C ( ovaj account nam daje
informaciju da smo prošle godine izvršili djelimični write off i evidentirali expenses on account 578 u
iznosu 2000 KM
U toku zadataka je poslovna promjena :

01.03.2019 In accordance with the court decision customer at the name of final settlement of its
liablities , paid into transaction account the amount of :
a)20.000 KM
b)19.000 KM
c)18.000 KM
d)17000 KM
d) 0 KM
176
Popšto smo poništili prošlogodišnji expenses knjižen je revenues kada se naplati sudskim putem
veći iznos od očekivano g tj ako u opening balance imamo account 219 po okončanju sudskog
spora ako nam nedostje iznos na D strani ( tj ako je D strana manja) knjižimo 578 na D a ako je C
strana manja knjižimo 677---revenues

a 200 20.000
219 2000
21171 20.000
Revenuse from collected 677 2000
receivable
b 200 19000
219 2000
21171 20.000
Revenues from collected 677 1000
receivables
c 200 18000
219 2000
21171 20.000
d 200 17000
219 2000
21171 20.000
578 1000
Kada je manja D strana po okončanju sudskog spora razlika je uvijek account 578 D ---expenses jer
smo sudskom odlukom dodatno izgubili potraživanje ( neovisno o periodima pokretanja spora i
okončanja spora)
Ako u opening balance nemamo account 219---VA of receivables tada po koončanju sudskog spora
je razlika uvijek na accountu 578 na D strani with and without cancellation. Dilema da li će biti 578
na D with cancellation ili 677 na C imamo samo kada sud donese odluku da nam se plati viši iznos
od očekivanog tj kada je D strana veća
177
Primjer 3. Otpisa potraživanja u prethodnom obračunskom periodi sa otpisom drugog dijela i
naplatom u cjelosti i djelimično u toku drugog obračunskog periodu (razdoblju)
21171-Disputed receivables from customer „S“..............................20.000
219-Value adjustment of receivable from customer „S“....................2.000---- Ba 3000
U tekućem obračunskom periodu tj u zadatku:
01.03.19 According to the elements of the contract it is estimated that debts of customer „S“ could
be decreased for additional amount 1000 KM by verdict.We made decision for value adjustment of
receivables for estimated amount.
15.03.19 Upon completion of proceeding, the court obligated debtor to pay
219
2000 Ba
1000 (1a)
(a,b,c)3000 3000 Ba
a) 20.000
b) 19.000
c) 18.000
d) 17.000
e) 16000

1a 578 1000
219 1000
For additional write off
a) 200 20.000
219 3.000
21171 20.000
578 (1000)
677 2000
b) 200 19000
219 3000
21171 20.000
578 (1000)
677 1000
c 200 18000
219 3000
21171 20.000
578 (1000)
178
d 200 17000
219 3000
21171 20.000
e 200 16000
219 3000
21171 20.000
578 1000
Primjer 4. Otpisa potraživanja u prethodnom obračunskom periodi sa otpisom drugog dijela i

naplatom u cjelosti i djelimično u toku drugog obračunskog periodu (razdoblju)
21171-Disputed receivables from customer „S“..............................20.000
219-Value adjustment of receivable from customer „S“....................2.000 Ba 3000
U tekućem obračunskom periodu tj u zadatku:
01.03.19 According to the elements of the contract it is estiimated that debts of customer „S“ could
be decreased for additional amount 1000 KM by verdict.We made decision for value adjustment of
receivables for estimated amount.
15.03.19 Upon completion of proceeding, the court obligated debtor to pay 22.000 KM.On this way
court proceeding against debtor „S“ is finished.
22.000-20.000 = 2000----Revenues from interest ( account 669)
179
1a 578 1000
219 1000
200 22000
Other financial revenues for 669 2000
interest 219 3000
21171 20.000
578 (1000)
677 2000
Revenues from collected
receivables
Example 5
1.)01.03.2019.We did not collect receivable from customer in amount 20.000 KM in agreed time and
therefore we classified this receivable as doubtful and disputed
2)5.03.2019.On the basis of information provided by legal department, proceedings will be partially
lost , so the managment made a decision to decrease receivables for the amount 2000 KM . ( to
write off )
3) 1.4 We estimated tha we will collect total receivables in amount 20.000 KM
4)30.05.2019.Upon completion of proceeding, the court obligated debtor to pay

a) 19.000 KM
b)16.000

1a 21170 20.000
211 20.000
1b 21171 20.000
21170 20.000
2a 578 2000
219 2000
For written off
3a 578 (2000)
219 (2000)
For cancellation of write off
200 16000
21171 20.000
578 4000
180

Physical and Financial Decrease of Fixed Assets Are

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Physical and Financial Decrease of Fixed Assets Are

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PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL DECREASE OF FIXED ASSETS are:

1.Write-off of fixed assets

2.Sale of fixed assets ( primjeri su u materijalu „Increase of fixed assets „

3.Reclasiffication of assets for sale and discontinued opeartions in accoradance to IFRS 5

4.Given donation of fixed assets

5..Destruction of fixed in a natural disaster

6.Depreciation of fixed assets (this is only a financial decrease)

1.Write off of fixed assets

Depreciation for current period = ( 50000 x12 % x2 months ) : 12 = 1000

Decription Amount Debit Credit

022-Machine 0228-VA of machine

Depreciation for current period = ( 50000 x12 % x2 months ) : 12 = 1000 KM

Decription Amount Debit Credit

022-Machine 0228-VA of machine

Ba of 0228 ( from 1.1.2015-31.12.2019 or 5 years x12 = 60 months) = (50000x60 months x12 % ) : 12

Depreciation for current period = (50.000 x12 % x2 months) : 12 = 1000----ovo se knjiži

Decription Amount Debit Credit

Ovaj konto se inače koristi za knjižene izdataka u vezi sa repair of assets

Decription Amount Debit Credit

We received invoice for repair of machine in amount 1000 KM+VAT

Decription Amount Debit Credit

Decription Amount Debit Credit

3.Reclassification of Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

(GROUP 14) - IFRS 5

573-Losses from sale of fixed assets reclassified for sale

673-Gains on sale of fixed assets reclassified for sale

588-Expenses(Losses) from impairment of fixed assets intended for sale

-the book value will be mainly recovered through sales

The sale must be very probable

-this property must not be intended for write-off

ONE OF THE BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THIS CATEGORY OF ASSETS IS NOT TO BE

The reclassification of assets held for sale is recorded as follows

their value adjustment if it is subject to depreciation calculation.

(depending on which type of asset we reclassify)

then we will have a balance sheet n

sold to customer A for 75000 KM----211 D .Depreciation rate is 2 %

021-Warehouse 0218-Value adjustment of warehouse

Book value = 100.000-30.167 = 69.833

Fair value ( or sold value) = 75000

Decription Amount Debit Credit

reclassified for sale

For sold warehouse

December 2004) Depreciation rate is 2 %

adjustment I nemamo razliku

021-Warehouse 0218-VA of warehouse

142-Building intended for sale 149—VA of building inteneded for sale

Ba on 01.01,2020 = ( 01.01.2005-31.12.2019=15 years x12 months=180 months

= (100.000 x 2 % x180 months) : 12 =30.000---OVO SE NE

KNJIŽI JER JE TO REZULTATA PROVEDENIH KNJIŽENJA U PREHTODNIH 15 GODINA

Depreciation for current period = ( 100.000 x 2 % x1 month) : 12 =166,666 =

167 -----OVA DEPRECIATION SU UVIJEK KNJIŽI

Decription Amount Debit Credit

KM.Land was sold. ( podrazumjeva se da je sold value 22.000 KM------211 D (1b)

Land -----Book value = Acquistion value ( historical cost or purchased value)

141-Land intended for sale

Book value = 20.000—ovu vrijednost moramo imati na grupi 14

Fair value = 22.000

Decription Amount Debit Credit

KM.Land was sold (Sold value = 18.000 KM-----211 D)

Book value = 20.000

Fair value = 18.000----manja vrijednost moramo imati na kontima grupe 14 tj na 149 na C se

Decription Amount Debit Credit