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PRODUCTION
CHEMICALS
BONY BUDIMAN
2021
https://www.linkedin.com/in/bony-budiman-39886031/
COMMON QUESTIONS
Production chemistry issues occur as a result of chemical and physical changes to the well stream fluids, as they are
transported from the reservoir through the processing system. In general, production chemistry problems are one of four
types:
1. DEPOSIT
This is defined as the deposition of any unwanted matter in a system and includes scales, corrosion products and hydrocarbon deposit
3. INTEGRITY
These are mainly corrosion-related issues.
4. ENVIRONMENTAL OR ECONOMIC.
Oily water discharge can damage the environment, and the presence of sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has
environmental and economic consequences.
FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE CHOICE OF
PRODUCTION CHEMICALS(1)
• Generally, an operator wants a product that performs satisfactorily at an affordable price. The
overall performance may be based on more than one test.
• A number of factors affect the choice of production chemicals. These include
1. Performance
2. Price
3. Stability
4. Health and safety in handling and storage
5. Environmental restrictions
6. Compatibility issues
PRODUCTION CHEMICALS CLASSIFICATION
• Oil treatment chemicals are chemicals that used in oil phase. The chemicals shall be oil
soluble or oil dispersible.
• Some oil treatment chemicals are :
• Demulsifier
• Pour Point Depressant
• Asphaltene Inhibitor
• Drag Reducin Agent
DEMULSIFIER
BLANK • Below the pour point, crude oil will be deposited then
cause problem in flow assurance and equipment failure.
PPD A
1000 PPM • PPD is chemical to decrease the pour point so the crude
oil could flow below its original pour point temperature.
PPD B
1000 PPM
• The dosage varies from hundreds to thousands pp of
treated crude oil
• At picture beside, PPD B at dosage 1000 ppm could
decrease pour point of crude oil from 22oC to -10oC
• Fluid flow rate may be limited caused by high turbulence flow mode.
DRA
Injection • Drag reducers, also known as drag reducing agents (DRA) and flow
improvers, are any material that reduces frictional pressure loss during
fluid flow in a conduit or pipeline.
• Using DRA allows increased flow using the same amount of energy or
decreased pressure drop for the same flow rate of fluid in pipelines
• Dosage of DRA varies from tens to hundreds ppm
• DRA also used to improve flow rate of water and gas.
• At picture beside, after DRA injection, pressure decrease from 1000
psi to 250 psi
• Natural gas may be produced alongside with others components such as water, CO2 and
H2S.
• At certain condition and concentration, the others component could be sources of
problem such as corrosion, health-safety and flow assurance.
• Some types of chemicals used for gas treatment :
• Hydrate inhibitor
• H2S scavenger
• CO2 removal
HYDRATE INHIBITOR
• Water is a mother of problem in oil and gas production. Water and its dissolved
components are source of corrosion, deposition, bacteria.
• Water reduce selling point of crude oil (known as water cut factor), increase cost of
transportation and potential environment pollutant.
• Water treatment (oil and gas) chemicals are chemicals that used to separate water from
hydrocarbon phase and to minimize effect of the dissolved components.
• Some water treatment chemicals are : reverse demulsifier, corrosion inhibitor, scale
inhibitor,oxygen scavenger and biocide.
REVERSE DEMULSIFIER
1. Production Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry , 2nd edition, Malcolm A. Kelland, CRC Press, 2014
2. https://www.e-education.psu.edu/fsc432/content/pour-point
3. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13202-019-00811-5
4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.106502
5. https://www.liquidpower.com/what-is-dra/about-dra-and-how-it-works/
6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/hydrate
7. https://www.osha.gov/hydrogen-sulfide
8. SPE 71541 : The Development of Low-Sour Gas Reserves Utilizing Direct-Injection Liquid Hydrogen Sulphide
Scavengers
9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-9953(11)60325-3
10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5014316/