Well Logging

Pet-E-313L
Lab Instructor :
Engr. Muhammad Awais Qureshi

Department of Petroleum &

Gas Engineering 01/11/2021
 Tutorial 02
• Objective: : Determination of Formation Water Resistivity using fluid
composition.
• Related Theory:
• Resistivity is a measure of the resisting power of a specified material to the flow of
an electric current. Saline water has low resistivity as compared to fresh water.
• Resistivity of formation water can be estimate by the chemical analysis of oil
reservoir brine and after taking equivalent salinity in ppm of sodium chloride,
resistivity can be estimated using Resistivity of NaCl Curve.

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Na 

Problem Statement
• Chemical analysis of oil reservoir brine yielded the following
results:
o Na+, 50, 000 ppm. ,
o Cl-, 65, 000 ppm. ,
o Mg++, 15, 500 ppm. ,
o SO4--13, 000 ppm. ,
o HCO3-, 8000 ppm. ,
o K+, 2000
• Calculate:
a) The equivalent salinity in ppm of sodium chloride, and
b) The resistivity of the formation brine at170 ºF, and 210 ºF .

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 Solution Steps (a)
To calculate equivalent salinity in ppm of sodium chloride
1. Different concentrations of different salts were found through
the chemical analysis of oil reservoir brine.
Concentrations of Na+, Cl-, Mg++,SO4--,HCO3-and K+ was
50000, 65000, 15500, 13000, 8000 and 2000 ppm respectively
2. Sum up the all concentration and locate the multiplier factor in
Figure 1.
3.Multiply ions concentration with corresponding multiplier and
sum up which is the equivalent salinity in ppm of sodium
chloride.

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Figure 1. Multiplier Factor Curve

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 Equivalent salinity in
ppm of sodium chloride

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 Solution Steps (b)
To Estimate the resistivity of the formation brine at 170℉ and
210℉.
1) After calculating equivalent salinity, locate it in Resistivity of
NaCl solution curve (Figure 2).
2) Draw a same trend curve across the 170℉ and 210℉.
3) Locate the corresponding resistivity on y-axis in ohm-m.
4) At 170℉ resistivity is 0.029 Ωm and at 210℉, resistivity is
0.022 Ωm.

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Figure 2: Resistivity of
NaCl solution Curve

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 Result Analysis
• Equivalent salinity in ppm of sodium chloride in 144340 ppm,
which is less than 153500.
• At low temperature 170℉ resistivity is 0.025 Ωm (high) as
compared to high temperature 210℉ where resistivity is 0.021
Ωm(low). It means resistivity of brine water decreases with an
increase in temperature.

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