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Git hormones

CCK : released from the I cells of the duodenal and jejunal mucosa
What is the different between hormones and paracrines ?
A. Action of CCK .
1 - Hormones >>> endocrine cell >>> secretion >> portal circulation >>> target cell
1- contractions of the gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter
2 - paracrines >>> endocrine cell >>> diffusion >>> target cell of oddi.
2 - pancreatic enzyme secretion.
3 - neurocrines >>> action potentials >>> target cell 3 - growth of the exocrine pancreas.
4 - inhibits gastric.
What is a different between endocrine and exocrine? B. Stimuli for the release of CCK
1 - Small peptide and amino acids.
1 - endocrine: secreted into the blood and carried by the blood and tissue
2 - fatty acids and monoglycerides .
fluids to the cells.
Ex : pancreas produce insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels.
Secretin : release by the S cells of the dudenum .
2 - external secretion glands such as sweet glands that release a secretion A. Action of secretion.
to surface of an organ. 1- pancreatic HCO3- secretion and increase growth of the
exocrine pancreas .
Paracrines : the hormones are released from the cells and to receptor on
2- HCO3- and H2O secretion by the liver and increase bil
nearby cells and effects their function.
production .
Neurohormone : is any hormone produced and released by neuroendocrine 3- inhibits gastric H+ secretion .
cells into the blood. B. Stimuli for the release of secretin .
1- H+ in the lumen of the duodenum .
Four official GI hormones:
1 - gastrin 2 - Fatty acids in the lumen of the dudenum.
2 - cholecystokinin ( CCK )
3 - secretin GIP : secreted by the duodenum and jejunum .
4 - glucose- dependent insulinotropic peptide ( GIP ) A. Action of GIP
1- Insulin secretion.
Gastrin : secreted from G cells of stomach 2- Inhibits gastric.
A. Action of gastrin: B. Stimuli for the release of GIP
1 - H+ secretion by the parietal cells . 1 - By fatty acids, amino acids, orally glucose.
2 - stimulates growth of gastric mucosa .

B. Stimuli for secretion of gastric:

1- small peptide and amino acid in the stomach .
2 - Distention of the stomach . Reem mobarky
3 - Vagal stimulations via gastrin- releasing peptide ( GRP ).

C. Inhibition of gastric secretion

1 - somatostatin
2 - H+ in the stomach