EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CARBIDE AS AN ALTERNATE

FUEL USING IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

KARTHIKEYAN.P 814013114061
MADHAN.C 814013114067
NALRAM.S 814013114081
RAJKUMAR.A 814013114097

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SHIVANI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI – 600 025
APRIL 2017

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 ANNA UNIVERSITY::CHENNAI

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CARBIDE AS

AN ALTERNATE FUEL USING IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
” is the bonafide work of “KARTHIKEYAN.P(814013114061), MADHAN.C
(814013114067),NALRAM.S(814013114081),RAJKUMAR.A(814013114097)”,
who carried out the project under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Mr.R.HARIMAHESWARAN.,M.E., Mr.P.KANNAN.,M.E.,
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
Dept of Mechanical Engg., Dept of Mechanical Engg.,
Shivani College of Engg&Tech Shivani College of Engg&Tech
Trichy. Trichy.

Submitted For University Examination Held On………………………. at Shivani

College of Engineering And Technology, Trichy-09

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, we express our heartfelt and deep sense of gratitude to
our chairman Dr.P.SELVARAJ for providing us the necessary facilities for the
completion of our project.
We would like to express sincere thanks our principal Dr.G.PAULRAJ,
M.E.,Ph.D., for forwarding us to do our project and offering adequate duration in
completing our project.
We find no words to express our pleasure in thinking our Head of the
Department Mr. R. HARIMAHESWARAN, M.E., for his encouragement
words and deeds though this project.

We own in great measure to my guide and philosopher

Mr.P.KANNAN,M.E., for his guidance inspiring suggestions. Encouragement and
continuous help during the preparation of this project.
We are thank our project coordinator Mr.P.VISWABHARATHY,M.E., for
his excellent guidance encouragement, valuable suggestions and motivation.
We are deeply indebted to the staff members and lab assistants of
mechanical engineering department for extending warm support, constant
encouragement and ideas they shared with us.

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 ABSTARCT

The search for an alternative fuel is one of the needs for sustainable

development, energy conservation, efficiency, management and environmental

preservation. Therefore, any attempt to reduce the consumption of petrol and diesel

possible alternative fuels is mostly preferable. Many research activities were

developed in order to study the Internal Combustion Engines with alternative fuels.

Acetylene is one of the tested fuels. The present project includes: providing a fuel

comprising acetylene as a primary fuel and Alcohol as a Secondary fuel avoiding

knocking for an internal combustion engine. The paper investigates working of SI

engine on acetylene minor changes required to be done. Thus reducing the running

cost and minimum pollutant emission, this makes it fit for use on economic and

environment standard. It is more effective and eco-friendly alternative fuel option.

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 CONTENTS

PAGE
CHAPTER NO TITLE
NO.
ABSTRACT iv

LIST OF FIGURES ix

LIST OF TABLES xi

LIST OF GRAPHS xii

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 FACING EFFECTS OF USING OTHER FUELS
1

1.2. ALTERNATE FUELS 1

1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT 2

2 LITERATURE REVIEW
4

3 3. PREPARATION OF ACETYLENE GAS 8

3.1 ACETYLENE GAS
8

3.1.1 PROPERTIES OF ACETYLENE GAS 9

3.1.2 ACETYLENE GAS COMPARE WITH OTHER

10
FUELS PROPERTIES

3.2 PROCEDURE OF PRODUCTION 12

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3.3 CALCIUM CARBIDE MANUFACTURING 13

3.4 ENGINE AND WORKING PRINCIPLES 14

3.4.1 SPARK IGNITION IN IC ENGINE 15
3.4.2 COPRESSION IGNION ENGINE
15

3.5 CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES OF IC ENGINE 15

3.5.1 CYLENDER 15

3.5.2 PISTON 16

3.5.3 PISTON RINGS 16

3.5.4 PISTON RINGS 17

3.5.5 PISTON PIN 17

3.5.6 CONNECTIONG ROD 17

3.5.7 CRANK SHAFT 18

3.5.8 ENGINE BEARINGS 18

3.5.9 VALVES 18

3.5.10 CAM SHAFT 18

3.5.11 FLY WHEEL 18

3.5.12 MATERIALS USED FOR ENGINE PARTS 19

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4 4.1 PRINCIPLES OPERATION OF IC ENGINE 20

4.1.1 FOUR STROKE CYCLE DIESEL ENGINE 20

4.1.2 TWO STROKE CYCLE DIESEL ENGINE 21

4.1.3 TWO STROKE CYCLE DIESEL ENGINE 22

4.1.4 MODERN TWO STROKE CYCLE DIESEL

ENGINE 23

4.1.5 FOUR STROKE SPARK IGNITION ENGINE 23

4.1.6 TWO STROKE CYCLE PETROL ENGINE 24

4.1.7 COMPARISION OF CI AND SI ENGINE 24

4.2 ADVANDAGES AND DIS ADVANTAGES OF

25
TWO AND FOUR STROKE CYCLE ENGINE

4.2.1 ADVANTAGES 25

4.2.2 DIS ADVANTAGES 26

4.3 PRESENT WORK OF OUR PROJECT 27

4.3.1 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 27

4.3.2 PARTS OF EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 27

4.3.3 WORKING OF ACETYLENE GAS IN ENGINE
28

5 5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 29

5.1 BRAKE THERMAL EFFICIENCY 29
5.2 EXHAUST GASTEMPERATURE 30

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 5.3 OXIDES OF NITROGEN(NOX) 30

5.4 SMOKE 30

5.5 HYDROCARBON EMISSION 31

5.6 CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSIONS 31

5.7 CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION 32

5.8 PRESSURE CRANK ANGLE DIAGRAM 32

5.9 HEAT RELEASE RATE 32

5.10 PROBLEM DEFINITION 33

5.10.1 CALCULATION PROCEDURE FOR

34
PERFORMANCE TESTING

5.10.2 OBSERVATION OF PETROL 34

5.10.2 OBSERVATION OF ACETYLENE GAS 35

6 CONCLUSION 39

7 REFERENCE 40

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 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO TITLE PAGE NO

4.1.3 TWO STROKE CYCLE DIESEL ENGINE 22

4.1.5 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF FOUR STORKE 23

4.3.2 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 27

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 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

5.8 SPECIFICATION OF ENGINE 34

5.10.1 OBSERVATION OF ACETYLENE GAS 35

5.10.1 OBSERVATION OF PETROL 36

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 LIST OF GRAPHS

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

GRAPH 5.1 LOAD VS BSFC

5.1 37

LOAD VS BRAKE THERMAL

5.2 38
EFFICIENCY

5.3 LOAD VS BRAKE POWER 38

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