University of Cebu- Banilad (College of Nursing)

MC 2- BIOCHEMISTRY
ALKANES, ALKENE and ALKYNES

What is Organic Chemistry?

 It is generally a study of the element carbon and its compounds. It is the chemistry
associated with all living matter in both plants and animals.
Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Compounds

Organic Compounds Inorganic Compounds

Formed by covalent bonds Joined by electrovalent or ionic bond
Burn readily Usually incombustible
Less soluble in water Solubility is independent
Less stable in heat More stable in heat
Less reactive Readily ionize when in solution
More reactive

Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

Alkyl Groups- are attached to other atoms or groups of atoms
A. ALKANES (CnH2n+2)- Saturated Hydrocarbon
 Determine the number of carbons in the structure of the alkanes. (Find the longest
chain)
 Use the prefix in naming the alkanes with the ending -ane.
 For branched alkanes, it is name using the continuous chain and is numbered from the
nearest branched end. (Each carbon atoms have 4 hydrogen bonds)
 Groups are listed alphabetically as modifiers of the trunk.
 The name of the group is preceded by a number indicating the position of the group in
the trunk.
 Contain SINGLE BOND.

 Each carbon atom has 4 hydrogen bonds.

Example of Naming the Alkane Branch Chain

ALKENES (CnH 2n) - Unsaturated Hydrocarbon

 Determine the number of carbons in the structure of the alkenes. (Find the longest
chain)
 Use the prefix in naming the alkenes with the ending -ene.
 The double bond in the structure of alkene must be indicated with a number to denote
its position. The alkene is numbered from the nearest double bond of the structure.
 For branched alkenes, it is name using the continuous chain and is numbered from the
nearest double bond. (Each carbon atoms have 4 hydrogen bonds)
 Groups are listed alphabetically as modifiers of the trunk.
 The name of the group is preceded by a number indicating the position of the group in
the trunk.
 Contains DOUBLE BONDS.
Example of Naming the Alkene Branch Chain
Alkynes (CnH2n−2)- Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
 Determine the number of carbons in the structure of the alkynes. (Find the longest
chain)
 Use the prefix in naming the alkynes with the ending -yne.
 The triple bond in the structure of alkyne must be indicated with a number to denote its
position. The alkyne is numbered from the nearest triple bond of the structure.
 For branched alkynes, it is name using the continuous chain and is numbered from the
nearest triple bond end. (Each carbon atoms have 4 hydrogen bonds)
 Groups are listed alphabetically as modifiers of the trunk.
 The name of the group is preceded by a number indicating the position of the group in
the trunk.
 Contains TRIPLE BONDS.

Example of Naming the Alkyne Branch Chain

 2-4 pentyne

Different ways in writing a chemical formula of organic compounds.

Take note: It’s good to be an alkane, it’s better to be an alkene but it’s worst to be an alkyne.
Happy Learning 

Prepared by: Ms. Steffy Jell Cantalejo Largo, LPT