The Problems which you Face!

The Problems which you Face!

Doubts?
The Problems which you Face!

Doubts?

Notes?
The Problems which you Face!

Doubts?

Notes?

Tests & Assignments?

The Problems which you Face!

Doubts?

Notes?

Tests & Assignments?

Competitive Exams?
The Problems which you Face!

Doubts?

Notes?

Tests & Assignments?

Competitive Exams?

Choice of Schedule?
The Problems which you Face!

Doubts?

Notes?

Tests & Assignments?

Competitive Exams?

Choice of Schedule?

Choice of Language?
Problems SOLVED!

Doubts!

Notes!

Tests & Assignments!

Competitive Exams!

Schedule!

Choice of Language!
 BONUSES!

Unlimited Live Classes!

All Micro & Crash Courses!

Performance Reports!

Personalised Attention!
 Just VISIT!

Link in the Desc &

Pinned comment
CHOOSE YOUR GRADE
CHOOSE YOUR BOARD
CHECK OUT THE DETAILS
CLICK ON GET SUBSCRIPTION
CLICK ON GET SUBSCRIPTION
 1 Month

Before Coupon After Coupon

ANKPRO
 3 Months

Before Coupon After Coupon

CODE
ANKPRO
 Just VISIT!

Link in the Desc &

Pinned comment

Coupon CODE!
ANKPRO
Answer of Previous Session

HW

D. October to November
 3.
The Effects
of the War
4.
2. Political
Birth of the Radicalism
Weimar and
Republic Economic

I
Crises

1.
N 5.
The Years of
Introduction
D Depression

E
X
Introduction
❖ Nazism was a system, a structure of ideas about the
world and politics.

❖ May 1945 - Germany surrendered to the Allies.

❖ April - Hitler, his propaganda minister Goebbels and

his entire family committed suicide.

❖ The International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg

was set up.

❖ To prosecute Nazi war criminals for Crimes against

Peace, for War Crimes and Crimes Against
Humanity.
 Second World War
● Germany had waged a
genocidal war.

● Resulted in the mass

murder of selected groups
of innocent civilians of
Europe.

● The number of people

killed - 6 million Jews,
200,000 Gypsies, 1 million
Polish civilians, 70,000
Germans who were
considered mentally and
physically disabled.
 Nazis devised an unprecedented
means of killing people:
● By gassing them in various killing centres like
Auschwitz.

● The Nuremberg Tribunal sentenced only

eleven leading Nazis to death.

● Many others were imprisoned for life.

● The Allies did not want to be as harsh on

Germany.
Birth of the Weimar Republic
● Germany - A powerful empire in the early years of
the 20th century.

● Fought the First World War (1914-1918) alongside

the Austrian empire and against the Allies (England,
France and Russia).

● Germany made initial gains by occupying France

and Belgium.

● The Allies, strengthened by the US entry in 1917.

● Defeated Germany and the Central Powers in

November 1918.
● The defeat of Imperial Germany and the
abdication of the emperor gave an opportunity
to parliamentary parties to recast German polity.

● A National Assembly met at Weimar and

established a democratic constitution with a
federal structure.

● Deputies were elected to the German Parliament

or Reichstag, on the basis of equal and universal
votes cast by all adults including women.
Outcome of the defeat - The Paris Treaty
at Versailles

➔ Germany lost its overseas colonies - a 10th of

its population, 13%of its territories, 75%of its
iron and 26% of its coal to France, Poland,
Denmark and Lithuania.

➔ The Allied Powers demilitarised Germany to

weaken its power.

➔ The War Guilt Clause held Germany

responsible for the war and damages the Allied
countries suffered.
➔ Germany was forced to pay compensation
amounting to £6 billion.

➔ The Allied armies also occupied the

resource-rich Rhineland.

➔ Many Germans held the new Weimar Republic

responsible for not only the defeat in the war
but the disgrace at Versailles.

➔
The Effects of the War
❖ The war had a devastating impact on the entire
continent both psychologically and financially.

❖ From a continent of creditors, Europe turned into

one of debtors.

❖ The Weimar Republic was made to pay for the

sins of the old empire.

❖ They were mockingly called the ‘November

criminals’.
❖ Politicians and publicists laid great stress on
the need for men to be aggressive, strong and
masculine.

❖ Popular support grew for conservative

dictatorships.

❖ Believe that Democracy could not survive the

instabilities of interwar Europe.
 2. Lived miserable
lives.

1. Soldiers came to
3. Trapped with rats
be placed above
feeding on corpses.
civilians.

Conditions
of Soldiers

4. Faced poisonous
5. Witnessed their gas and enemy
ranks reduce shelling.
rapidly.
Political Radicalism and
Economic Crises
❏ The birth of the Weimar Republic coincided
with the uprising of the Spartacist League on
the pattern of the Bolshevik Revolution in
Russia.
❏ The Spartacists founded the Communist Party
of Germany.
❏ The political instability in Germany paved the
way for Hitler.
 Economic crisis of 1923
➢ Germany refused to pay the war reparations.
➢ France occupied its leading industrial area,
Ruhr.
➢ Germany retaliated with printing paper
currency recklessly.
➢ The value of the mark collapsed.
➢ Prices of goods soared.
➢ There was hyperinflation.
 Hyperinflation - A
situation when prices
rise phenomenally
high.
● Americans intervened and bailed Germany out
of the crisis by introducing the Dawes Plan.

● It reworked the terms of reparation to ease the

financial burden on Germans.
The Years of Depression
❖ 1924 -128 - Saw some stability

❖ Germany was totally dependent

one short-term loans largely
from the USA.

❖ This support was withdrawn

with the crash in 1929 of the
Wall Street Exchange.

❖ This was the start of the Great

Economic Depression.

❖ Between 1929 and 1932, the

national income of the USA fell
by half.

❖ Factories shut down, exports

fell, farmers were badly hit and
speculators withdrew their
money from the market.

❖ The effects of this recession in

the US economy were felt
worldwide.
❖ German economy was hit badly.

❖ Industrial production was reduced to 40% of the

1929 level.

❖ Workers lost their jobs or were paid reduced

wages.

❖ The number of unemployed touched an

unprecedented 6 million.

❖ It led to social unrest.

❖ The middle class and working population was filled

with the fear of proletarianisation.
 Defects of Weimar Republic
1. Proportional representation.

2. Article 48 - gave the President the powers to impose

emergency, suspended civil rights and rule by
decree.

3. People lost confidence in the democratic

parliamentary system.
HOMEWORK
Q. The Great Depression was a
period of

A. Economic crisis

B. Social crisis

C. Political crisis

D. None of these
ankana.kumari@vedantu.com