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Isms in Politics: Political Ideologies Ruling the World

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E Evincepub
Publishing
i
 EVINCEPUB PUBLISHING
Parijat Extension, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495001
First Published by Evincepub Publishing 2019
Copyright © Keerthiraj 2019
All Rights Reserved.
ISBN: 978-93-89482-87-4
Price: 385 ₹
This book has been published with all reasonable efforts taken to
make the material error-free after the consent of the author. No part
of this book shall be used, reproduced in any manner whatsoever
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brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. The
Author of this book is solely responsible and liable for its content
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use, inability to use, or about the reliability, accuracy or sufficiency
of the information contained in this book.

ii
 ISMS
IN
POLITICS
Political Ideologies Ruling the World

KEERTHIRAJ

iii
I dedicate this book to my mother, father and to the
land, where I was born and brought up.

iv
 CONTENTS

Acknowledgments vi

Preface vii

Chapter 1 Liberalism 1

Chapter 2 Socialism 34

Chapter 3 Nationalism 68

Chapter 4 Fascism 95

Chapter 5 Feminism 133

Chapter 6 Multiculturalism 155

Chapter 7 Conservatism 174

Chapter 8 Religious Fundamentalism 205

Chapter 9 End of Ideology Debate 230

v
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
his book ‘Isms in Politics’ would not have been a
T reality without the support and motivation of some
people. I am grateful to the following for constantly
supporting and encouraging me to write this book.

I have to start by thanking my teachers Prof.

Shanmukha, Prof. S. Abdul Javeed, Prof. Uddagatti
Venkatesha, Dr. Praveena T. L, Prof. Rajaram Tolpadi,
Prof. Dharma P L, Prof. Jayaraj Amin, Prof. Alex Ivan
Sequeira, Dr. Sham Bhat, Prof. Janardhanan Nair, Dr.
Joseph N M and Dr. Robert Jose. I am fortunate enough
to get such wonderful professors who shaped the right
attitude towards Political Science in me. I would like to
thank Alliance University for providing me a space to
establish myself in academics. I can’t forget the moral
support I received by Dr. Bharathi S, Prof. Devaiah N G
and Prof. Sunil Kumar for constantly supporting me in
all my endeavors. A special note of thanks to Dr.
Prakash I N and Dr. Anjaneya Reddy for providing me
some important insights regarding the publication
process. I am also grateful to express my special
appreciation and thanks to Prashanth S P, Jagadeesh,
Olinda Gonsalves, Nayana Sushanth, Bharat
Balakrishna, Suvarna, Sanketh, Ambaresh Lekkihal,
Muniraju Ramachandrappa and Mukund Tadas for their
timely encouragement and guidance.

vi
 PREFACE

I
deology is a cluster of ideas and values, which not
only influence a group of individuals, but also
decides the course of their action. Ideology guides
an individual’s thought and actions, determining what
facts are acceptable and what actions are ideal? It tells
us, what is the right thing to do and what is not the right
thing to do? In a way we are all influenced by one or the
other ideology, even though some might refute this by
claiming themselves objective. Ideological and
intellectual influences ruled the world since ages, as
human civilization evolved with strong surrounding of
values, belief systems and faiths. As John Maynard
Keynes rightly pointed out, “Practical men who believe
themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual
influence, are usually the slaves of some defunct
economist”. In the same way, people who claim
complete objectivity beyond ideologies are usually
under the influence of some defunct ideologies, with or
without their knowledge.

Treating ideologies as contingent assemblages of

concepts has complicated the study of ideologies.
Treating ideologies as ideologies is very important in
this context. Idealizing one ideology and demonizing
another ideology doesn’t serve the real purpose of
understanding any ideology. When you try to understand
ideologies being a part of one or more ideologies, you
will end up in supporting and idealizing some ideologies
vii
to which you belong and criticizing other, just because
those ideologies seem to be in opposition to your
perspective. In this light, ‘Isms in Politics’ is an attempt
to be an ‘outsider’s approach’ towards political
ideologies ruled and still ruling world in different
dimensions. I know it is quite vague to claim this book
as objective analysis of ideologies. Even though
qualitative analysis can be seen here and there, the
maximum effort is made to limit the words to explain
what it is? rather than how it should be?

This book contains nine chapters including Liberalism,

Socialism, Nationalism, Fascism, Feminism,
Multiculturalism, Conservatism, Religious
Fundamentalism and End of Ideology Debate. I expect
the readers to touch this book with a flexible attitude to
understand the basics of each ideology discusses here,
avoiding both favoritism and enmity towards any
ideology. Let us maintain a sort of both academic
respect and inquiry towards all ideologies, instead of
personal affiliations and prejudices. Any how you have
all the freedom to embrace or reject any ideology
beyond this book!

viii
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